Dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system and method based on distributed temperature sensing optical cable
By deploying distributed temperature-sensing optical cables on the dam abutment slope and combining Kriging interpolation and multiple averaging methods, the problems of sparse measuring points and insufficient positioning accuracy in existing seepage monitoring technologies have been solved, enabling high-density monitoring of the entire dam abutment slope and accurate identification of seepage channels.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WUHAN UNIV OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing seepage monitoring technologies are insufficient in terms of measurement point density, spatial coverage, and positioning accuracy, making it difficult to achieve high-density monitoring of the entire dam abutment slope and accurate location of seepage.
Temperature monitoring is carried out using distributed temperature-sensing optical cables. The two-dimensional temperature field is reconstructed by combining Kriging interpolation and multiple averaging methods. Seepage phenomena are identified through an anomaly analysis module, and monitoring coverage is improved by using a Z-shaped layout path.
It enables comprehensive, high-density monitoring of the dam abutment slope, accurately locates seepage points and inverts seepage channels, improves the sensitivity and accuracy of monitoring, and has the ability to provide early warning of weak seepage.
Smart Images
Figure CN122016594A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam safety monitoring, specifically to a dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system and method based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables. Background Technology
[0002] The abutment slope, as a crucial connection between the dam and the mountains on both banks, directly impacts the overall stability and operational safety of the dam. The natural mountain slopes on which the abutment slopes are situated are not uniform or intact; they naturally contain various geological defects, such as porous rock layers, faults, and a network of joints and fissures, giving the abutment slopes an inherent foundation for seepage initiation and propagation. Simultaneously, the excavation process of the abutment slope causes the rock mass to unload and relax towards the free face, leading to the opening and deformation of previously closed joints and fissures, and even the formation of new tensile cracks, exacerbating the permeability of the rock mass. Due to significant differences in stiffness, elastic modulus, and other mechanical parameters between the concrete dam and the rock mass of the abutment slope, they undergo asynchronous deformation under long-term stress, inducing fissures at the contact surface and providing pathways for seepage. Continuous seepage not only increases pore water pressure in the rock mass and reduces the shear strength of the soil and rock, but also expands the seepage channels through water erosion, seriously threatening the stability of the abutment slope and posing a major hidden danger to the safe operation of the dam.
[0003] Currently, seepage monitoring technology mainly relies on point sensor monitoring and downstream seepage flow statistics, but these methods all have significant limitations. While point sensors such as piezometers can measure pore water pressure at the installation point, in practical applications, the measuring points are sparsely distributed, making it difficult to cover the entire monitoring area and creating blind spots. They lack effective signal capture and location capabilities for seepage in its early stages with small leakage volumes, and it is difficult to accurately infer the complete spatial path of the seepage channel. Seepage flow monitoring methods implemented using devices such as weirs can only quantitatively count the total leakage flow collected at a designated downstream monitoring section. While this reflects the overall trend of seepage changes, it completely fails to provide specific location information of seepage occurrence.
[0004] In view of the inherent defects of the above-mentioned monitoring technologies in terms of measuring point density, spatial coverage and seepage location accuracy, there is an urgent need for a new monitoring method that can achieve high-density monitoring of the entire dam abutment slope and accurately locate the seepage position, so as to provide reliable technical support for the safety control of dam abutment slope. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide, on the one hand, a dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables, and on the other hand, a dam abutment slope seepage monitoring method based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables. This system and method can solve the problems of insufficient measuring point density, limited spatial coverage and low positioning accuracy of existing seepage monitoring technologies.
[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables, comprising: The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature data in the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope in real time using distributed temperature sensing optical cables arranged according to a preset route, and to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cables. The data reconstruction module is used to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope using the Kriging interpolation method based on the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable. The temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. The anomaly analysis module is used to calculate the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of the temperature monitoring points in the surrounding set area. When the difference continues to exceed the preset threshold, it is determined that there is seepage at the temperature monitoring point. Alternatively, a dynamic reference temperature model can be established using the multiple averaging method based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times. The temperature residual is obtained by subtracting the real-time monitoring temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model. Based on the temperature residual, it can be determined whether there is seepage at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
[0007] Furthermore, the distributed temperature sensing optical cable is fixed inside the contact surface between the dam shoulder rock mass and concrete on the dam shoulder slope by clamps and in a Z-shaped layout path, with the turning point of the Z-shaped layout path fixed at the edge of the dam shoulder slope.
[0008] Furthermore, a method for obtaining temperature data of temperature monitoring points in areas not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the dam abutment slope monitoring area using Kriging interpolation based on temperature data from temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable includes: , ; Where (xi, yi) represents the spatial coordinates of the i-th temperature monitoring point distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and T(xi, yi) represents the temperature of the i-th temperature monitoring point distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable. The spatial coordinates assigned to the i-th temperature monitoring point distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, determined based on spatial correlation. The weighting coefficients are T(x0, y0), where T(x0, y0) is the temperature value of the temperature monitoring point (x0, y0) in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and N is the total number of temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable.
[0009] Furthermore, the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable are one-dimensional discrete data points, including the meter length Li of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature value TL of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable at the meter length Li position. The spatial coordinates of the temperature monitoring points are obtained through engineering surveying and spatial modeling methods based on the deployment path of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and the area of the monitoring area of the dam abutment slope.
[0010] Furthermore, a method for calculating the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of temperature monitoring points within a defined area surrounding that temperature monitoring point includes: ; in, Let t be the difference between a single temperature monitoring point and the average temperature of a designated neighboring area around that temperature monitoring point. The temperature of a single temperature monitoring point at time t in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope. The average temperature of the surrounding area is set for a single temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope.
[0011] Furthermore, the method of establishing a dynamic reference temperature model based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times using the multiple averaging method includes: aligning the time axis of the temperature data of each temperature monitoring point in multiple consecutive historical cycles, calculating the average temperature data of multiple historical temperature monitoring points of the same historical cycle time phase point and the same temperature monitoring point, and constructing a dynamic reference temperature model by the average temperature data of multiple historical temperature monitoring points corresponding to each cycle time phase point in a cycle.
[0012] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the temperature residual by subtracting the real-time monitored temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model includes: ; in, The temperature residual at time t for a single temperature monitoring point. The temperature at time t is the temperature of a single temperature monitoring point. This represents the temperature at time t of a single temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model.
[0013] Furthermore, the method for determining whether seepage exists at a single temperature monitoring point based on the temperature residual includes: Set a preset non-periodic fluctuation threshold When the absolute value of the real-time temperature residual Exceeding the preset non-periodic wave overmotion threshold At that time, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point; the rate of change of temperature residual over time is calculated in real time. , The partial differential symbol is used, and... The rate of change of sudden deviation from the preset threshold For comparison, the absolute value of the rate of change of the temperature residual over time... Exceeding the preset threshold for sudden deviation rate of change When the absolute value of the temperature residual continuously exceeds the preset continuous deviation amplitude threshold, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point; And the duration exceeds the preset duration window threshold. At that time, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
[0014] Furthermore, a method for monitoring seepage on the abutment slope of a dam based on a distributed temperature-sensing optical cable according to the system includes: Temperature data within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope is monitored in real time using distributed temperature sensing optical cables arranged along a preset route, and temperature data of temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cables are obtained. Based on the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, the Kriging interpolation method is used to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope. The temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. Calculate the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of temperature monitoring points in a set area around that temperature monitoring point. When the difference continuously exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that there is seepage at that temperature monitoring point. Alternatively, a dynamic reference temperature model can be established using the multiple averaging method based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times. The temperature residual is obtained by subtracting the real-time monitoring temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model. Based on the temperature residual, it can be determined whether there is seepage at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with existing point sensors and seepage flow statistics methods, this invention achieves comprehensive, high-density monitoring of this critical area—the dam abutment slope—by deploying a Z-shaped distributed temperature sensing optical cable on the dam abutment slope and reconstructing the raw data measured by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable into a two-dimensional temperature field using the Kriging interpolation algorithm. This fundamentally overcomes the inherent defects of traditional point sensors such as piezometers, which have sparse measuring points and monitoring blind spots. Furthermore, this method not only detects seepage but also clearly inverts and traces the complete spatial path of the seepage channel through the spatial location of temperature anomalies, solving the problem that traditional water measurement weir methods are completely unable to locate the seepage path.
[0016] The spatiotemporal joint anomaly analysis method proposed in this invention calculates the spatial temperature gradient. and time-temperature residuals This method can effectively eliminate strong interference from environmental factors such as seasonality and diurnal solar radiation. It can accurately extract local and sudden temperature anomaly signals caused by seepage from complex background temperature fluctuations, significantly improving the sensitivity, accuracy and reliability of monitoring. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the layout of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable of the present invention on the slope of a dam shoulder. Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and demodulation instrument of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Among them, 1—left abutment slope; 2—right abutment slope; 3—distributed temperature sensing optical cable laid on the left abutment slope; 4—distributed temperature sensing optical cable laid on the right abutment slope; 5—distributed temperature sensing demodulation instrument. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to represent selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1 like Figure 3 As shown, a dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables includes: The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature data in the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope in real time using distributed temperature sensing optical cables arranged according to a preset route, and to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cables. The data reconstruction module is used to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope using the Kriging interpolation method based on the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable. The temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. The anomaly analysis module is used to calculate the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of the temperature monitoring points in the surrounding set area. When the difference continues to exceed the preset threshold, it is determined that there is seepage at the temperature monitoring point. Alternatively, a dynamic reference temperature model can be established using the multiple averaging method based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times. The temperature residual is obtained by subtracting the real-time monitored temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model. The presence of seepage at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point is determined based on the temperature residual. The corresponding temperature detection point in the dynamic reference temperature model is the temperature detection point at the same location as each temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model.
[0020] The temperature data from the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data from the temperature monitoring points in the areas not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. The two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope can be obtained by adding the temperature data from the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data from the temperature monitoring points in the areas not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable into a set.
[0021] Because the temperature of the reservoir water upstream of the dam usually differs from the temperature of the dam or the rock mass at the dam abutment, when seepage occurs on the dam abutment slope, the reservoir water exchanges heat with the flowing rock or concrete, causing the temperature in a localized area to deviate from the original thermal equilibrium state, forming an anomalous region with a significantly different temperature from the surrounding medium. Furthermore, the flow rate and velocity of the seepage affect the efficiency of heat exchange between the seeping water and the surrounding rock or concrete; the seepage condition can be inferred from the magnitude of temperature changes. Seepage channels appear as linear or planar regions composed of multiple continuous temperature anomalies, which can be clearly displayed in the temperature field.
[0022] Based on the above principles, distributed temperature-sensing optical cables are laid along the dam abutment slope to achieve high-density, real-time temperature data acquisition of the monitoring area. Combined with spatial interpolation algorithms, the measured data is reconstructed and inverted at a high resolution to obtain the complete spatial distribution of linear or planar seepage channels. This method can highly sensitively identify and accurately locate local temperature anomalies caused by seepage, and has early warning capabilities for weak seepage, thus significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of seepage monitoring on the dam abutment slope.
[0023] In some technical solutions, the distributed temperature sensing optical cable is fixed inside the contact surface between the dam shoulder rock mass and concrete on the dam shoulder slope by clamps and in a Z-shaped layout path, and the turning point of the Z-shaped layout path is fixed at the edge of the dam shoulder slope.
[0024] The deployment method of distributed temperature sensing optical cables on the dam abutment slope is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, distributed temperature sensing optical cables are laid out in a Z-shaped pattern on both the left and right abutment slopes. One distributed temperature sensing (DTS) optical cable is laid on each slope in a Z-shaped pattern to improve the coverage of a single cable in the monitoring area and simplify construction. As the concrete dam is poured in layers, the distributed temperature sensing optical cables are gradually fixed to the prepared rock masses on both banks using clamps, following the pre-set Z-shaped layout. After the concrete is poured, the optical cables are fixed inside the contact surface between the abutment rock mass and the concrete, ensuring a tight fit between the sensing optical cables and the abutment rock mass and concrete base, effectively sensing the temperature field distribution inside the contact surface.
[0025] Methods for obtaining temperature data from temperature monitoring points in areas not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the dam abutment slope monitoring area using Kriging interpolation based on temperature data from temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable include: , ; Where (xi, yi) represents the spatial coordinates of the i-th temperature monitoring point distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and T(xi, yi) represents the temperature of the i-th temperature monitoring point distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable. The spatial coordinates assigned to the i-th temperature monitoring point distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, determined based on spatial correlation. The weighting coefficients are T(x0, y0), where T(x0, y0) is the temperature value of the temperature monitoring point (x0, y0) in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and N is the total number of temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable.
[0026] By using the Kriging interpolation method, the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable can be obtained from the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable. This effectively overcomes the inherent defect of large blind spots in traditional point sensors, and transforms sparse linear measurement data into a high-resolution, continuous and complete two-dimensional temperature distribution field, providing a data foundation for accurately identifying local temperature anomalies and retrieving the spatial path and morphology of seepage channels.
[0027] The two-dimensional temperature distribution field of a dam abutment slope is a complex dynamic process, influenced not only by seepage activity but also by environmental factors such as seasonal cycles, diurnal solar radiation, and weather changes. It is necessary to eliminate interference from these non-seepage-related environmental factors to accurately extract local temperature anomalies caused by seepage. This invention precisely identifies and locates seepage events by analyzing the spatial relative differences and temporal dynamic changes of the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope.
[0028] In terms of spatial dimension, a local comparison strategy is employed to identify and locate seepage events. Because the impacts of environmental factors such as seasonal variations and solar radiation on dam abutment slopes exhibit consistency or gradual change within a certain spatial scale, while temperature anomalies caused by seepage typically possess a high degree of locality, this method calculates the temperature at a single monitoring point. temperature The average temperature of its surrounding areas The difference between them, i.e., the space temperature gradient .
[0029] In some technical solutions, the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable are one-dimensional discrete data points, including the meter length Li of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature value TL of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable at the meter length Li position. The spatial coordinates of the temperature monitoring points are obtained through engineering surveying and spatial modeling methods based on the deployment path of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and the area and size of the monitoring area of the dam abutment slope.
[0030] In some embodiments, a limited number of key points of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable (including but not limited to all turning points, start and end points of the zigzag path, and the location points where the optical cable is fixed by clamps) are obtained through engineering surveying. The spatial coordinate points of the dam shoulder slope monitoring area are obtained by total station or GPS-RTK measurement. The mapping relationship between the spatial coordinate points and the limited number of key points of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable is established, and the location coordinates of any spatial location point in the dam shoulder slope monitoring area can be queried in real time through coordinate calculation.
[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, after the temperature sensing optical cables on the left and right abutment slopes are laid, the ends of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable 3 laid on the left abutment slope and the distributed temperature sensing optical cable 4 laid on the right abutment slope are both connected to the distributed temperature sensing demodulation instrument 5 located in the monitoring room. The demodulation instrument automatically and in real time collects the temperature data of the abutment slopes. The raw data output by the demodulation instrument is a one-dimensional discrete data point TL(Li). Wherein, Li is the length in meters along the sensing optical cable, and TL is the temperature value at that location.
[0032] The spatial coordinates (xi, yi) of n measuring points and their corresponding temperature values T(xi, yi) collected by the demodulation instrument at time t are used as known data. Based on this, the temperature value T(x0, y0) at any unmeasured point (x0, y0) within the monitoring area of the dam abutment slope is estimated. The estimated value can be expressed as a weighted linear combination of the known measuring point temperatures.
[0033] Some technical solutions include methods for calculating the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of temperature monitoring points within a designated area surrounding that monitoring point. ; in, Let t be the difference between a single temperature monitoring point and the average temperature of a designated neighboring area around that temperature monitoring point. The temperature of a single temperature monitoring point at time t in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope. The average temperature of the surrounding area is set for each individual temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope. In the absence of seepage, this difference should fluctuate slightly around zero; when seepage occurs, the heat exchange between the seepage point and its surrounding environment will cause the temperature at that point to deviate significantly from the average temperature of its neighborhood. The fluctuation continuously exceeds the preset threshold, thereby locking the spatial location of the seepage point.
[0034] In some embodiments, temperature data points in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope are distributed in the form of grid vertices in a grid with regular and uniform shapes. When a single temperature monitoring point is selected, a circular area with a radius R (including but not limited to 5 meters, which can be specifically set according to the actual situation) is set as the neighboring area around the single temperature monitoring point with the single temperature monitoring point as the center. The average value of all temperature data points in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field within the circular area is used as the average temperature of the neighboring area around the single temperature monitoring point.
[0035] In terms of time, temperature changes caused by natural environmental factors such as day and night and seasons typically exhibit slow, periodic variations. This method, through... A reference temperature model is established using the multiple averaging method. This model is used to predict the background temperature at a given point under conditions of no seepage and only influenced by environmental factors. Temperature will be monitored in real time. The temperature residuals are obtained by comparing them with the dynamic benchmark model.
[0036] In some technical solutions, the method of establishing a dynamic reference temperature model based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times using the multiple averaging method includes: aligning the time axis of the temperature data of each temperature monitoring point in multiple consecutive historical cycles, calculating the average temperature data of multiple historical temperature monitoring points of the same historical temperature monitoring point in the same period within multiple historical cycles, and constructing a dynamic reference temperature model by the average temperature data of multiple historical temperature monitoring points corresponding to each period's time phase point in a period.
[0037] By establishing a dynamic benchmark temperature model based on alignment and averaging algorithms of continuous multi-cycle historical temperature data, the temperature fluctuation components caused by periodic environmental factors such as day-night alternation and seasonal cycles can be effectively filtered out, thus intuitively reflecting the temperature change pattern of the dam abutment slope under a stable state without seepage.
[0038] In some technical solutions, the method of obtaining the temperature residual by subtracting the real-time monitored temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model includes: ; in, The temperature residual at time t for a single temperature monitoring point. The temperature at time t is the temperature of a single temperature monitoring point. This represents the temperature at time t of a single temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model.
[0039] In some technical solutions, the method for determining whether there is seepage at a corresponding individual temperature monitoring point based on the temperature residual includes: Set a preset non-periodic fluctuation threshold When the absolute value of the real-time temperature residual Exceeding the preset non-periodic wave overmotion threshold (Including but not limited to 5.0℃) Determine if seepage occurs at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point; calculate the rate of change of temperature residual over time in real time. , The partial differential symbol is used, and... The rate of change of sudden deviation from the preset threshold (Including but not limited to 2.0℃ / h) for comparison, when the absolute value of the rate of change of the temperature residual with time... Exceeding the preset threshold for sudden deviation rate of change When the absolute value of the temperature residual continuously exceeds the preset continuous deviation amplitude threshold, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point; (Including but not limited to 3.0℃) and the duration exceeds the preset duration window threshold. (Including but not limited to 48 hours) to determine if seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
[0040] The temperature residual seepage identification method with multidimensional criteria can simultaneously detect slowly changing, rapidly changing, and continuous temperature anomalies, effectively taking into account different development modes of seepage events, such as suddenness and gradualness. It significantly reduces misjudgments of seepage phenomena caused by environmental noise or instantaneous interference, and greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of seepage event determination while ensuring the sensitivity of seepage temperature monitoring.
[0041] By summarizing the coordinates of all identified anomalies and marking them on the reconstructed two-dimensional temperature distribution field, and considering the physical continuity of the seepage channels, these marked temperature anomalies exhibit clustering and continuity in spatial distribution. Therefore, by analyzing the spatial distribution of these anomalies in the temperature field, continuous anomaly regions with linear or planar distributions can be visually delineated, thereby achieving the inversion and visualization of the complete spatial path, distribution pattern, and influence range of the seepage channels.
[0042] Example 2 A method for monitoring seepage on the abutment slope of a dam based on a distributed temperature-sensing optical cable according to the system includes: Temperature data within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope is monitored in real time using distributed temperature sensing optical cables arranged along a preset route, and temperature data of temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cables are obtained. Based on the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, the Kriging interpolation method is used to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope. The temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. Calculate the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of temperature monitoring points in a set area around that temperature monitoring point. When the difference continuously exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that there is seepage at that temperature monitoring point. Alternatively, a dynamic reference temperature model can be established using the multiple averaging method based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times. The temperature residual is obtained by subtracting the real-time monitoring temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model. Based on the temperature residual, it can be determined whether there is seepage at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
[0043] Example 3 The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method described in Embodiment 2.
[0044] This invention can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented in whole or in part as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)).
[0045] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, combinations, substitutions, improvements, etc., made under the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0046] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables, characterized in that, It includes: The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature data in the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope in real time using distributed temperature sensing optical cables arranged according to a preset route, and to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cables. The data reconstruction module is used to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope using the Kriging interpolation method based on the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable. The temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. The anomaly analysis module is used to calculate the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of the temperature monitoring points in the surrounding set area. When the difference continues to exceed the preset threshold, it is determined that there is seepage at the temperature monitoring point. Alternatively, a dynamic reference temperature model can be established using the multiple averaging method based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times. The temperature residual is obtained by subtracting the real-time monitoring temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model. Based on the temperature residual, it can be determined whether there is seepage at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
2. The dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed temperature sensing optical cable is fixed inside the contact surface between the dam shoulder rock and concrete on the dam shoulder slope by clamps and in a Z-shaped layout path. The turning point of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable along the Z-shaped layout path is fixed at the edge of the dam shoulder slope.
3. The dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 2, characterized in that: Methods for obtaining temperature data from temperature monitoring points in areas not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the dam abutment slope monitoring area using Kriging interpolation based on temperature data from temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable include: ， ； in, (x i , y i ) For the first distributed temperature sensing optical cable i Spatial coordinates of each temperature monitoring point T(x i , y i ) For the first distributed temperature sensing optical cable i The temperature at each temperature monitoring point The allocation determined based on spatial correlation along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable is the first... i Spatial coordinates of temperature monitoring points The weighting coefficients, T (x 0 , y 0 ) Temperature monitoring points in areas not covered by distributed temperature sensing optical cables (x 0 , y 0 ) The temperature value, where N is the total number of temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable.
4. The dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature data from the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable are one-dimensional discrete data points, including the length of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable in meters. L i and distributed temperature sensing optical cables in meters L i Temperature value at location T L Based on the deployment path of the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, and the area of the monitoring area on the dam shoulder slope, the spatial coordinates of the temperature monitoring points are obtained through engineering surveying and spatial modeling.
5. A dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 3, characterized in that: Methods for calculating the temperature difference between each temperature monitoring point and the average temperature of temperature monitoring points within a defined area surrounding that temperature monitoring point in a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of a dam abutment slope include: ； in, Let t be the difference between a single temperature monitoring point and the average temperature of a designated neighboring area around that temperature monitoring point. The temperature of a single temperature monitoring point at time t in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope. The average temperature of the surrounding area is set for a single temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope.
6. The dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of establishing a dynamic reference temperature model based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times using the multiple averaging method includes: aligning the time axis of the temperature data of each temperature monitoring point in multiple consecutive historical cycles, calculating the average temperature data of multiple historical temperature monitoring points of the same historical temperature monitoring point in the same cycle, and constructing a dynamic reference temperature model by the average temperature data of multiple historical temperature monitoring points corresponding to the time phase point of each cycle in a cycle.
7. A dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 6, characterized in that: Methods for obtaining the temperature residual by subtracting the real-time monitored temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model include: ； in, The temperature residual at time t for a single temperature monitoring point. The temperature at time t is the temperature of a single temperature monitoring point. This represents the temperature at time t of a single temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model.
8. A dam abutment slope seepage monitoring system based on distributed temperature-sensing optical cables according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for determining whether seepage exists at a single temperature monitoring point based on the temperature residual includes: Set a preset non-periodic fluctuation threshold When the absolute value of the real-time temperature residual Exceeding the preset non-periodic wave overmotion threshold At that time, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point; the rate of change of temperature residual over time is calculated in real time. , The partial differential symbol is used, and... The rate of change of sudden deviation from the preset threshold For comparison, the absolute value of the rate of change of the temperature residual over time... Exceeding the preset threshold for sudden deviation rate of change When the absolute value of the temperature residual continuously exceeds the preset continuous deviation amplitude threshold, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point; And the duration exceeds the preset duration window threshold. At that time, it is determined that seepage has occurred at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
9. A method for monitoring seepage on the abutment slope of a dam based on a distributed temperature-sensing optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Temperature data within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope is monitored in real time using distributed temperature sensing optical cables arranged along a preset route, and temperature data of temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cables are obtained. Based on the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable, the Kriging interpolation method is used to obtain the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable within the monitoring area of the dam shoulder slope. The temperature data of the temperature monitoring points distributed along the distributed temperature sensing optical cable and the temperature data of the temperature monitoring points in the area not covered by the distributed temperature sensing optical cable constitute a two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam shoulder slope. Calculate the difference between the average temperature of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope and the average temperature of temperature monitoring points in a set area around that temperature monitoring point. When the difference continuously exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that there is seepage at that temperature monitoring point. Alternatively, a dynamic reference temperature model can be established using the multiple averaging method based on the temperature changes of each temperature monitoring point in the two-dimensional temperature distribution field of the dam abutment slope at different times. The temperature residual is obtained by subtracting the real-time monitoring temperature of each temperature monitoring point from the temperature of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the dynamic reference temperature model. Based on the temperature residual, it can be determined whether there is seepage at the corresponding individual temperature monitoring point.
10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method of claim 9.