Thermal management method, device and system of energy storage system and energy storage and power utilization device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides a thermal management method, device and system of an energy storage system, and an energy storage and power utilization device. The heat management system comprises a plurality of branches connected in parallel, flow resistance adjusting devices and flow detection assemblies, wherein the flow resistance adjusting devices and the flow detection assemblies are arranged on the branches respectively. The method comprises the steps that the actual flow of a target branch is acquired through a flow detection assembly; determining the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow; and controlling a flow resistance adjusting device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation, and adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch. The problem that cooling liquid flow distribution among a plurality of parallel branches in an immersed cooling system is not uniform is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a thermal management method, apparatus, system, energy storage and power consumption device for an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of energy storage technology, immersion cooling technology has been gradually applied to the thermal management of energy storage systems due to its high heat dissipation efficiency and good temperature uniformity. In immersion cooling systems, multiple parallel branches are typically used to deliver coolant to each immersion chamber to achieve synchronous heat dissipation for multiple battery devices.

[0003] However, in actual operation, the distribution of coolant flow among multiple parallel branches is often uneven, resulting in inconsistent heat dissipation of battery devices in some cavities, which in turn affects the overall temperature uniformity of the energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal management method, apparatus, system, energy storage and power consumption device for an energy storage system, so as to solve the problem of uneven distribution of coolant flow among multiple parallel branches in an immersion cooling system.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a thermal management method for an energy storage system, applied to a thermal management system. The thermal management system includes multiple parallel branches and flow resistance adjustment devices and flow detection components respectively installed on each branch. The method includes: acquiring the actual flow rate of a target branch through the flow detection component; determining the flow deviation between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate; and controlling the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch.

[0006] In another aspect, the present invention provides a thermal management device for an energy storage system, comprising: a flow acquisition module configured to acquire the actual flow of a target branch through a flow detection component; a deviation determination module configured to determine the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow; and a flow resistance adjustment module configured to control a flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation, thereby adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch.

[0007] In another aspect, the present invention provides a thermal management system for an energy storage system, comprising: a main path; multiple branch paths, each branch path being fluidly connected to the main path and arranged in parallel; each branch path comprising an immersion cavity, a flow resistance regulating device, and a flow detection component, the flow resistance regulating device and the flow detection component being disposed on the branch path; and a controller, the controller being communicatively connected to the flow resistance regulating device and the flow detection component on each branch path; the controller being configured to execute the thermal management method of the energy storage system described above.

[0008] Another aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage device, including a battery device and a thermal management system of the above-mentioned energy storage system, wherein the battery device is disposed in an immersion cavity of the thermal management system.

[0009] Another aspect of the present invention provides an electrical device, including a battery device and a thermal management system of the above-mentioned energy storage system, wherein the battery device is disposed in an immersion cavity of the thermal management system.

[0010] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following technical effects: By setting flow detection components and flow resistance adjustment devices on each branch, and based on the deviation between the measured flow rate and the target flow rate of each branch, the flow resistance of each branch is independently and dynamically adjusted in a closed loop, thereby making the coolant flow rate of each parallel branch tend to be evenly distributed. Compared with statically setting the valve opening or adjusting only based on temperature signals, this solution can compensate for flow deviations caused by differences in pipeline physics in real time, so that the coolant flow rate obtained by each submerged cavity matches its heat dissipation requirements, which is beneficial to improving the temperature uniformity inside the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0011] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrative descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal management system used in the thermal management method of the energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of a thermal management method for an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a temperature state determination method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of a flow resistance calibration method based on a family of temperature index calibration curves provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a forward-looking traffic allocation control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a phased control method for cold start provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure label: Main circuit-10, branch circuit-20, submerged cavity-100, flow resistance regulating device-101 (inlet side flow resistance regulating device 101a, outlet side flow resistance regulating device 101b), flow detection component-102, temperature detection component-103, pressure detection component-104 (inlet side pressure detection component 104a, outlet side pressure detection component 104b), level gauge-105, pressure relief valve-106; refrigeration unit-200, condenser-201, compressor-202, expansion valve-203, circulating pump-204; controller-300, buffer tank-400. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Immersion cooling technology immerses energy storage battery devices in coolant, achieving efficient heat exchange through direct contact between the coolant and the battery device surface. Compared to air cooling or indirect liquid cooling, it offers a higher heat transfer coefficient and better temperature uniformity. In practical energy storage systems, multiple parallel branches are typically used to deliver coolant to each immersion chamber, enabling simultaneous heat dissipation for multiple battery devices.

[0015] However, there is a systematic non-uniformity in the coolant flow distribution among multiple parallel branches, and the mechanism of this non-uniformity is more complex than the observed phenomenon. At least three superimposed factors contribute to this non-uniform flow distribution: Firstly, in a typical layout of an immersion cooling system, multiple immersion chambers are stacked vertically. The coolant static pressure at the inlet of chambers at different heights varies. The coolant at the inlet of a lower-positioned chamber experiences a greater gravitational head, naturally resulting in a higher flow rate in that branch compared to the branches corresponding to higher-positioned chambers.

[0016] Secondly, the locations of the branching nodes on the main road and the branch roads are different. Branch roads closer to the branching nodes experience less frictional resistance, while branch roads farther away experience greater frictional resistance, which further exacerbates the flow differences between the branch roads.

[0017] Third, due to the inherent tolerances in the pipeline manufacturing process, there are differences in physical parameters such as the inner wall roughness and pipe diameter of each branch, resulting in inconsistent inherent flow resistance of each branch. This means that even under a theoretically symmetrical arrangement, the actual flow rate of each branch still deviates.

[0018] The combined effect of these three factors results in significant deviations in the actual coolant flow rates of multiple parallel branches. Some chambers receive excessive coolant flow, leading to overheating, while others receive insufficient coolant flow, resulting in inadequate heat dissipation. This uneven flow distribution directly causes a decrease in temperature uniformity within the energy storage system, potentially shortening the battery's lifespan and increasing safety risks.

[0019] More importantly, a deeper technical problem arises: the coolant used in immersion cooling systems is typically an insulating liquid (such as transformer oil), whose viscosity changes significantly with temperature. For example, the kinematic viscosity of mineral-based insulating oil at lower operating temperatures can be several times higher than at higher operating temperatures. When the battery device in a certain chamber is under low load, the temperature rise of the coolant in that chamber is small. The lower the coolant temperature, the higher the viscosity, and the greater the flow resistance, resulting in a lower flow rate. This increase in flow resistance caused by the change in coolant viscosity with temperature is similar in flow characterization to the increase in flow resistance caused by pipe blockage or structural abnormalities, but their underlying mechanisms are completely different. If the flow control logic indiscriminately attributes all "low flow rate" to physical factors and adjusts accordingly, it may lead to: treating the low flow rate of low-temperature, low-load branches as the system's flow benchmark, thereby limiting the flow rate of high-temperature, high-heat-demand branches, causing the control direction to contradict the actual heat dissipation requirements. This problem is not prominent in air-cooled or water-cooled systems because the viscosity of air and water changes relatively little with temperature. However, in immersion cooling systems, due to the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the coolant, this problem becomes a bottleneck restricting the accuracy of thermal management.

[0020] The root cause of the above problems is that the existing flow control schemes lack the ability to accurately perceive the flow resistance status of each branch and analyze temperature correlation, and cannot distinguish between "normal" flow resistance changes caused by temperature / viscosity changes and "abnormal" flow resistance changes caused by pipeline abnormalities.

[0021] Based on the aforementioned problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a thermal management method, apparatus, system, energy storage, and power consumption device for an energy storage system. By installing flow detection components and flow resistance adjustment devices on each branch, a branch-level closed-loop control architecture is constructed to achieve dynamic balance of flow in each branch. Furthermore, temperature state discrimination logic is introduced, incorporating coolant temperature information into flow control decisions. This allows the controller to distinguish between low flow due to viscosity-temperature characteristics and low flow due to physical anomalies, thereby avoiding a conflict between control direction and heat dissipation requirements. Further, by establishing a family of calibration curves indexed by temperature, the flow resistance characteristics of each branch are calibrated under different temperature conditions, ensuring that anomaly identification is not affected by changes in coolant viscosity with temperature. This solution improves the temperature consistency within the energy storage system, which is beneficial for extending the lifespan of the battery device.

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of the present invention to facilitate a better understanding of the invention. However, the technical solutions claimed in this invention can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0023] The thermal management method and system for energy storage systems provided in this invention can be applied to thermal management scenarios for energy storage systems. An energy storage system is a system used to store electrical energy and release it when needed; its applications include, but are not limited to, power peak shaving, frequency regulation, renewable energy consumption, backup power, and energy storage for industrial and commercial users.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, the hierarchical structure of the energy storage system may include battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs. A battery cell is the smallest electrochemical energy storage unit of the energy storage system; multiple battery cells are assembled to form a battery module, and one or more battery modules are assembled to form a battery pack. The battery pack is the basic battery device unit housed within the immersion cavity in this embodiment of the invention.

[0025] Battery devices include one or more of the following: battery modules, battery packs, and energy storage batteries.

[0026] Energy storage devices include, but are not limited to, residential energy storage cabinets, commercial energy storage cabinets, energy storage containers, energy storage racks, energy storage power stations, energy storage battery packs, or portable energy storage systems. Energy storage devices may also include energy management systems (EMS), battery management systems (BMS), and power conversion systems (PCS).

[0027] Electrical devices include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Among them, electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0028] The thermal management system of the energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention adopts an immersion cooling architecture. For example... Figure 1As shown, in this architecture, the thermal management system includes a main line 10, multiple branch lines 20, and a controller 300. The main line 10 is connected to a circulation pump 204 to provide circulation power for the coolant. The multiple branch lines 20 are in fluid communication with the main line 10 and are arranged in parallel. Each branch line 20 is connected to a submerged cavity 100, which houses a battery device. The coolant flows from the main line 10 into each branch line 20, then enters the corresponding submerged cavity 100 through each branch line 20. After exchanging heat with the battery device in the submerged cavity 100, the coolant flows out of the submerged cavity 100 and returns to the main line 10 via a return pipeline. A refrigeration unit 200 is also provided in the coolant circulation loop to cool the returning coolant. The refrigeration unit 200 may include a condenser 201, a compressor 202, and an expansion valve 203. A buffer tank 400 can also be installed on the return line to accommodate changes in coolant volume and maintain stable system pressure.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the coolant is a single-phase submerged coolant, meaning that the coolant remains liquid throughout its operating temperature range without undergoing a phase change. Optionally, the coolant can be an insulating liquid, such as mineral-based transformer oil, synthetic ester-based coolant, or fluorinated liquid. The choice of coolant is not limited to the types listed above, and those skilled in the art can select one based on the specific heat dissipation and safety requirements of the energy storage system.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, a "branch" refers to a complete coolant flow path that originates from the branch node of the main line 10, passes through the corresponding submerged cavity 100, and merges into the return pipe. Each branch 20 is connected in parallel, sharing the coolant supply provided by the same main line 10. When multiple branches 20 are connected in parallel to the same main line 10, adjusting the flow resistance of any one branch will change the total system pressure drop, thereby affecting the flow distribution of other branches. In this embodiment of the invention, the controller 300 iteratively adjusts each branch, causing the flow distribution of each branch to converge to the target value after multiple iterations.

[0031] The battery cells provided in this invention can be widely used in battery fields requiring high energy density and long cycle life, including high-end electric vehicle battery systems, portable electronic devices, and large-scale energy storage power stations. The battery cells provided in this invention can achieve large-capacity energy storage, comprehensively improving energy density, cycle life, and safety performance. They can meet the needs of long-term energy storage, achieving 4 hours or more of long-term energy storage, for example, in energy storage scenarios of 5 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours. Long-term energy storage refers to the ability to continuously discharge at rated power for 4 hours or even longer, or to achieve large-scale, low-cost energy storage for several days or months.

[0032] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a thermal management method for an energy storage system, applied to a thermal management system. The hardware architecture of the thermal management system will be described in detail first, followed by a detailed description of the thermal management method for the energy storage system.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermal management system includes a main line 10, multiple branch lines 20, and a controller 300. Each branch line 20 is in fluid communication with the main line 10, and the branch lines 20 are connected in parallel.

[0034] In this embodiment, the thermal management system includes five branches, namely the first branch, the second branch, the third branch, the fourth branch, and the fifth branch. It should be noted that the number of branches 20 is not limited to five. Those skilled in the art can set two, three, four, six, or more parallel branches 20 according to the actual heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage system.

[0035] The main circuit 10 is connected to the circulation pump 204. The circulation pump 204 provides circulation power for the coolant, drawing coolant from the output side of the refrigeration unit 200 and delivering it to each branch circuit 20 via the main circuit 10. Optionally, the circulation pump 204 can be a centrifugal pump, a gear pump, or a screw pump. In this embodiment, the circulation pump 204 is a variable frequency centrifugal pump, which can adjust its operating speed according to the control signal of the controller 300, thereby adjusting the total circulation flow rate of the coolant.

[0036] The refrigeration unit 200 is located on the return side of the main line 10 and is used to cool the coolant that flows back from each branch line 20. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the refrigeration unit 200 includes a condenser 201, a compressor 202, and an expansion valve 203. The compressor 202 compresses the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. This gaseous refrigerant, after being cooled by the condenser 201, condenses into a liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant, after being throttled and depressurized by the expansion valve 203, enters the evaporator. In the evaporator, it exchanges heat with the returning coolant, absorbing heat from the coolant and evaporating back into a gaseous refrigerant, thus completing the refrigeration cycle. The coolant, cooled by the refrigeration unit 200, is then recirculated to each branch circuit 20 via the circulation pump 204.

[0037] A buffer tank 400 is also installed on the return side of the main pipeline 10. The buffer tank 400 is used to accommodate the volume expansion or contraction of the coolant due to temperature changes, maintain the relative stability of the coolant pressure in the system pipeline, and provide coolant replenishment reserves for the system.

[0038] Each branch 20 connects to an immersion cavity 100. For example... Figure 1As shown, five branches connect to five immersion chambers. Each immersion chamber 100 contains a battery device. In this embodiment, the battery device is a battery pack, and each battery pack includes one or more battery modules, and each battery module includes multiple individual battery cells. Coolant enters the corresponding inlet of the immersion chamber 100 from the branch 20, and directly contacts the battery device inside the immersion chamber 100 for heat exchange. After absorbing the heat generated by the battery device during charging and discharging, the coolant's temperature rises, and it flows out from the outlet of the immersion chamber 100, collects through the return pipeline, and returns to the buffer tank 400 and the refrigeration unit 200.

[0039] In this embodiment, multiple immersion cavities 100 are stacked vertically, such as... Figure 1 As shown. It should be noted that the arrangement of multiple immersion chambers 100 is not limited to stacking in the vertical direction, but can also be arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, or a hybrid arrangement combining vertical stacking and horizontal side by side can be adopted.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, each submerged cavity 100 is also equipped with a level gauge 105 and a pressure relief valve 106. The level gauge 105 is located on the side wall of the submerged cavity 100 and is used to monitor the coolant level inside the submerged cavity 100. When the coolant level is lower than the preset minimum level, it indicates that there may be a coolant leak or insufficient coolant supply in the submerged cavity 100; when the coolant level is higher than the preset maximum level, it indicates that there may be poor coolant return in the submerged cavity 100. The pressure relief valve 106 is located in the top area of ​​the submerged cavity 100 and is used to automatically open and relieve pressure when the internal pressure of the submerged cavity 100 exceeds a preset safety threshold, preventing structural damage to the submerged cavity 100 due to excessive internal pressure.

[0041] Each branch 20 is equipped with a flow resistance adjustment device 101 and a flow detection component 102.

[0042] The flow resistance regulating device 101 is used to dynamically adjust the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20. By changing the state of the flow resistance regulating device 101 (e.g., valve opening), the flow resistance of the branch 20 can be increased or decreased, thereby changing the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the branch 20.

[0043] In this embodiment, the flow resistance regulating device 101 is an electrically controlled proportional throttle valve. The electrically controlled proportional throttle valve can continuously adjust the valve opening according to the analog control signal output by the controller 300, thereby continuously adjusting the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20. Optionally, the flow resistance regulating device 101 may also be, but is not limited to, an electric ball valve, an electric butterfly valve, or an electric regulating valve.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, each branch 20 is equipped with two flow resistance adjustment devices: an inlet-side flow resistance adjustment device 101a and an outlet-side flow resistance adjustment device 101b. The inlet-side flow resistance adjustment device 101a is located upstream of the inlet of the immersion chamber 100, and the outlet-side flow resistance adjustment device 101b is located downstream of the outlet of the immersion chamber 100. By simultaneously providing two flow resistance adjustment devices on both the inlet and outlet sides, the pressure distribution of the coolant flowing through the immersion chamber 100 in the branch 20 can be controlled more precisely. Optionally, only the inlet-side flow resistance adjustment device 101a or only the outlet-side flow resistance adjustment device 101b can be provided. Regardless of its location within the branch 20, the adjustable flow resistance introduced by the flow resistance adjustment device acts on the total flow resistance loop of the branch 20, thus enabling the regulation of the flow rate in the branch 20.

[0045] The flow detection component 102 is used to detect the coolant flow rate of the branch 20 in real time. In this embodiment, the flow detection component 102 is an electromagnetic flow meter, located downstream of the outlet of the submerged cavity 100 on the branch 20. Optionally, the flow detection component 102 may also be, but is not limited to, a vortex flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter, a turbine flow meter, or a Coriolis mass flow meter. Optionally, the flow detection component 102 may also be located upstream of the inlet of the submerged cavity 100 on the branch 20.

[0046] Each branch circuit 20 is also equipped with a temperature detection component 103. The temperature detection component 103 is used to detect the coolant temperature at the corresponding location on that branch circuit 20. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the temperature detection component 103 is disposed inside the immersion cavity 100 and is used to detect the temperature of the coolant inside the immersion cavity 100.

[0047] Optionally, the temperature detection component 103 can be disposed at the inlet and / or outlet of the immersion chamber 100. For example, two temperature detection components 103 are disposed on each branch 20, located at the inlet and outlet of the immersion chamber 100 respectively, to detect the inlet temperature Ti and outlet temperature To of that branch 20 respectively. Alternatively, only one temperature detection component 103 is disposed on the outlet of the immersion chamber 100 for each branch 20 to detect the outlet temperature To, while the inlet temperature is approximated by the global supply temperature obtained by a unified temperature sensor disposed at the outlet of the circulation pump 204. The temperature detection component 103 can be a resistance temperature detector (e.g., PT100 platinum resistance) or a thermocouple.

[0048] Each branch 20 is also equipped with a pressure detection component 104. For example... Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, each branch 20 is equipped with two pressure detection components: an inlet-side pressure detection component 104a and an outlet-side pressure detection component 104b. The inlet-side pressure detection component 104a is located at the inlet of the immersion chamber 100 and is used to detect the inlet pressure Pin of the branch 20. The outlet-side pressure detection component 104b is located at the outlet of the immersion chamber 100 and is used to detect the outlet pressure Pout of the branch 20. The actual inlet-outlet pressure difference ΔP of the branch 20 is equal to Pin - Pout. Optionally, only a differential pressure sensor can be used to directly obtain the inlet-outlet pressure difference ΔP.

[0049] The controller 300 is communicatively connected to the flow resistance regulating device 101 and the flow detection component 102 on each branch 20. The controller 300 is also communicatively connected to the temperature detection component 103 and the pressure detection component 104 on each branch 20.

[0050] In this embodiment, the controller 300 is a battery management system. That is, in addition to performing conventional battery management functions such as state-of-charge estimation, internal resistance estimation, and charge / discharge management of the battery devices, the battery management system also integrates all the control logic of the thermal management method of the energy storage system of this embodiment. By integrating the thermal management control logic into the battery management system, the controller 300 can directly obtain battery status information such as the state of charge, estimated internal resistance, individual cell voltage, and individual cell temperature of each battery device without needing to forward it through an external communication interface, reducing data transmission latency and improving the real-time performance of thermal management control.

[0051] Optionally, the controller 300 can also be a dedicated thermal management controller independent of the battery management system, such as a PLC controller, industrial computer, or embedded controller. In this embodiment, the controller 300 communicates with the battery management system via a CAN bus, RS485 bus, Modbus / TCP protocol, or other industrial communication protocols to obtain status information of each battery device from the battery management system.

[0052] The controller 300 also communicates with the energy management system to obtain the charging and discharging power scheduling plan within a future preset time window. In this embodiment, the controller 300 communicates with the EMS via Ethernet. Optionally, the controller 300 and the EMS can also communicate via RS485 bus or other industrial communication protocols.

[0053] In the implementation where the controller 300 is a battery management system, the controller 300 receives signals from various sensors and flow meters through an analog input module, and outputs control signals to various flow resistance adjustment devices 101 and circulation pump 204 through an analog output module.

[0054] It should be noted that for any i-th branch 20, its inlet and outlet pressure drop ΔPi satisfies the following relationship: ΔPi = Pin,i - Pout,i = f(R_total,i,Qi), where Qi is the actual flow rate of the target branch, and R_total,i is the total flow resistance of the branch 20, including the inherent flow resistance R_fixed,i and the adjustable flow resistance Rx,i. The inherent flow resistance R_fixed,i is determined by the pipe geometry parameters (pipe diameter, length, number of bends, etc.) and pipe wall roughness of the branch 20, and is basically fixed after the system is installed (but may change slowly due to factors such as scaling). The adjustable flow resistance Rx,i is determined by the current state of the flow resistance adjustment device 101 (e.g., valve opening) and can be adjusted in real time by the controller 300.

[0055] When the coolant flow in this branch 20 is laminar, the above relationship is approximately ΔPi≈(R_fixed,i+Rx,i)×Qi. When the coolant flow is turbulent, the above relationship is approximately ΔPi≈(K_fixed,i+Kx,i)×Qi². Since Pin,i, Pout,i, and Qi can all be obtained in real time by the detection component, the total flow resistance of this branch 20 is a calculable quantity. The controller 300 can control the total flow resistance of each branch 20 by adjusting Rx,i, thereby controlling the flow distribution of each branch 20.

[0056] Example 1 The thermal management method for an energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a flow balancing control step, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes steps S101 to S103.

[0057] In step S101, the controller 300 obtains the actual flow of the target branch through the flow detection component 102.

[0058] The target branch is any one of the multiple parallel branches 20. The controller 300 acquires the actual flow of each branch 20 sequentially or simultaneously in each control cycle.

[0059] In step S102, the controller 300 determines the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow of the target branch.

[0060] In one optional example, the target flow rate is the average of the actual flow rates of each branch 20. In another optional example, the target flow rate is a differentiated target value set according to the heat dissipation requirements of the battery devices corresponding to each branch 20. In yet another optional example, the target flow rate is a fixed value preset during the system design phase.

[0061] In step S103, the controller 300 controls the flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch.

[0062] When the actual flow rate is higher than the target flow rate, the controller 300 increases the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20 to reduce the flow rate of the branch 20. When the actual flow rate is lower than the target flow rate, the controller 300 decreases the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20 to increase the flow rate of the branch 20.

[0063] Through the aforementioned flow balancing control, the coolant flow rate of each branch 20 tends to be evenly distributed, eliminating the uneven flow distribution caused by differences in the stacking height of multiple submerged chambers 100, differences in the location of the branch nodes between each branch 20 and the main line 10, and manufacturing tolerances of the pipes in each branch 20. The coolant flow rate obtained by the battery device in each submerged chamber 100 matches its heat dissipation requirements, thus improving the temperature uniformity within the energy storage system.

[0064] It should be noted that all branches 20 are connected in parallel to the same main branch 10. Adjusting the adjustable flow resistance Rx,i of any branch 20 will change the total system voltage drop, thus affecting the flow distribution of other branches 20. Therefore, the flow balancing adjustment of each branch 20 by the controller 300 is an iterative convergence process. After one adjustment, the controller 300 waits for the system to reach a new steady state, then reacquires the actual flow of each branch 20 and calculates the flow deviation, and performs the adjustment again. This process is repeated iteratively until the flow deviation of each branch 20 converges to an acceptable range.

[0065] Example 2 Example 2, based on Example 1, further defines the iterative convergence mechanism in flow balancing control.

[0066] In a specific example, if the absolute value of the flow deviation is greater than the first flow deviation threshold, the step of adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch is executed, and after a preset time interval is reached, the step of obtaining the actual flow of the target branch is returned until the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the first flow deviation threshold.

[0067] The following is a detailed explanation of the plan.

[0068] As in Example 1, each branch 20 is connected in parallel to the same main branch 10. Adjusting the flow resistance of any one branch 20 will change the total system voltage drop, thereby affecting the flow distribution of other branches 20. Therefore, the controller 300 does not complete the flow balancing adjustment of each branch 20 in one go, but needs to gradually converge through multiple iterations.

[0069] After acquiring the actual flow rate of the target branch, the controller 300 determines the flow rate deviation between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate. When the absolute value of the flow rate deviation is greater than the first flow rate deviation threshold, the controller 300 performs the step of adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch, that is, according to the direction and magnitude of the flow rate deviation, it controls the flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to the branch 20 to increase or decrease the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20.

[0070] After completing one flow resistance adjustment, the controller 300 waits for a preset time interval to allow the coolant flow distribution in the system pipeline to reach a new steady state. The preset time interval needs to take into account the flow delay of the coolant in the pipeline and the mechanical response time of the flow resistance adjustment device 101.

[0071] After the preset time interval is reached, the controller 300 returns to the step of acquiring the actual flow of the target branch, reacquires the actual flow, and recalculates the flow deviation. If the absolute value of the flow deviation is still greater than the first flow deviation threshold, the flow resistance adjustment is performed again, and the actual flow is acquired again after waiting for the preset time interval. This process is repeated iteratively until the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the first flow deviation threshold.

[0072] Through the aforementioned iterative convergence control, the controller 300, under the condition that there is a flow coupling effect between the branches 20, can, through multiple iterations, bring the flow of each branch 20 to within the allowable deviation range of the target flow. Compared with one-time adjustment, iterative convergence control eliminates the problem of cascading changes in the flow of other branches 20 caused by adjusting the flow resistance of one branch 20. Each iteration corrects the new deviations caused by the cascading effect in the previous iteration. After a finite number of iterations, the flow deviations of each branch 20 converge simultaneously, making the flow balance result globally convergent rather than effective only for a single branch.

[0073] Example 3 Based on Example 1, Example 3 further introduces temperature status discrimination logic to distinguish between low flow rates caused by different reasons and to achieve differentiated thermal management.

[0074] In a specific example, the thermal management system also includes temperature detection components 103 installed on each branch 20; and a flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to the target branch 20 is controlled according to the flow deviation to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch 20, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the process includes steps S201 to S202: Step S201, the actual temperature of the target branch is obtained through the temperature detection component 103; Step S202, when the actual temperature is less than the second temperature threshold, the flow resistance of the flow resistance adjustment device 101 is set to the minimum preset flow resistance, and the circulation pump 204 is controlled to run at the first speed.

[0075] As described in the background technical principle analysis, the coolant used in immersion cooling systems is typically an insulating liquid whose viscosity changes significantly with temperature. When the coolant temperature in a certain branch 20 is low, the coolant viscosity increases, the flow resistance increases, and the flow rate in that branch 20 naturally decreases. This decrease in flow rate caused by the change in coolant viscosity with temperature is similar in flow data to the decrease in flow rate caused by pipe blockage or structural abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms are completely different.

[0076] During the process of adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch according to the flow deviation, the controller 300 also obtains the actual temperature of the target branch through the temperature detection component 103. In this embodiment, the actual temperature is the outlet temperature of the target branch. Optionally, the actual temperature may also be the inlet temperature, or the average of the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature, or the coolant temperature inside the immersion chamber 100.

[0077] In this embodiment, the controller 300 jointly judges the actual flow rate and actual temperature: if the actual flow rate is less than the target flow rate and the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold, the controller 300 determines that the target branch has a heat dissipation requirement. The high outlet temperature of this branch 20 indicates that the battery device inside the immersion chamber 100 is generating significant heat, and this branch 20 requires a higher coolant flow rate to meet the heat dissipation demand. The controller 300 controls the flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to the target branch to reduce the flow resistance of the target branch, thereby increasing the coolant flow rate of the branch 20. If the actual flow rate is less than the target flow rate and the actual temperature is less than the first temperature threshold, the controller 300 determines that the target branch is in a "low temperature, low load" state. The low outlet temperature of this branch 20 indicates that the battery device inside the immersion chamber 100 is currently generating less heat, and the low flow rate of this branch 20 is due to the increased viscosity and flow resistance caused by the lower coolant temperature. At this time, the controller 300 does not regard the low flow rate of the branch 20 as an abnormality that needs to be corrected, does not actively reduce the flow resistance of the branch 20 to increase the flow rate, and does not use the flow rate of the branch 20 as the reference for flow rate adjustment of other branches 20.

[0078] By introducing temperature-state discrimination logic, the controller 300 incorporates coolant temperature information into flow control decisions, overcoming the technical bias in existing control strategies that "attribute all low flow rates to physical bottlenecks." If the controller 300 indiscriminately increases the flow rate of low-temperature, low-flow branches, it will crowd out the flow share of high-temperature, high-heat-dissipation-demand branches, causing the control direction to contradict the actual heat dissipation needs, and the branches that need heat dissipation will be flow-limited instead. This problem is not prominent in air-cooled or water-cooled systems because the viscosity of air and water changes relatively little with temperature. However, in immersion cooling systems, the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the coolant make this problem a key bottleneck restricting the accuracy of thermal management. By eliminating the interference of "low-temperature, low-load" branches on the flow balance reference, the temperature-state discrimination logic enables flow balance control and thermal management control to coordinate and consistently serve the temperature uniformity target of the energy storage system.

[0079] In a specific example, the flow resistance regulating device 101 reduces the flow resistance of the target branch by a magnitude that is positively correlated with the difference between the actual temperature and the first temperature threshold.

[0080] In this embodiment, after determining that the target branch has a heat dissipation requirement (i.e., the actual flow rate is less than the target flow rate and the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold), the controller 300 reduces the flow resistance of the branch 20 by a fixed amount, but rather by a positive correlation with the degree to which the actual temperature exceeds the first temperature threshold. The greater the actual temperature exceeds the first temperature threshold, the more urgent the heat dissipation requirement of the branch 20, the greater the reduction in the flow resistance of the branch 20 by the controller 300, and the greater the increase in coolant flow rate obtained by the branch 20.

[0081] In this embodiment, the controller 300 determines the flow increment based on the difference between the actual temperature and the first temperature threshold, according to a preset temperature-flow gain coefficient. Optionally, the relationship between the flow increment and the temperature difference can be piecewise linear or nonlinear.

[0082] By making the reduction in flow resistance positively correlated with the temperature difference, the branch 20 with the more urgent heat dissipation demand receives a larger flow increment, achieving differentiated thermal management based on demand. Compared with a single strategy of increasing the flow to a fixed level when the temperature exceeds the threshold, this proportional adjustment method can provide a flow response that matches the heat dissipation demand under different temperature deviations. When the temperature is only slightly higher than the first temperature threshold, a moderate flow increase is given; when the temperature is significantly higher than the first temperature threshold, a larger flow increase is given. This avoids the problems of excessive flow adjustment when the heat dissipation demand is small, which would crowd out the flow of other branches, and insufficient flow adjustment when the heat dissipation demand is large, which would cause the temperature to continue to rise.

[0083] It should be noted that there is a synergistic effect between the temperature-state-based thermal management in Example 3 and the flow-balanced control in Example 1. The flow-balanced control in Example 1 provides an initial baseline for consistent flow rates across all branches for the temperature-state-based thermal management in Example 3. This ensures that the heat dissipation demand judgment based on the outlet temperature accurately reflects the actual heat generation differences of the battery devices in each branch, rather than being masked by the initial flow rate deviation. Without flow-balanced control, if temperature-based thermal management is performed directly, the controller 300 cannot distinguish between temperature differences caused by uneven flow rates and those caused by uneven heat load. A higher outlet temperature in a branch may be due to insufficient coolant flow or excessive heat generation from the battery devices in that branch; these two factors cannot be distinguished before flow balancing is established. By first ensuring consistent flow rates across all branches through flow-balanced control and then identifying the differences in heat dissipation demand across branches through temperature-state-based thermal management, the sequential relationship between these two stages enhances the accuracy of thermal management decisions.

[0084] Example 4 Example 4, based on Example 1, further introduces a family of temperature index calibration curves to achieve flow resistance status monitoring, introduces multi-branch cross comparison to achieve anomaly location, and introduces calibration curve parameter trend tracking to achieve predictive maintenance and coolant status assessment.

[0085] The aforementioned temperature index calibration curve family is established by the controller 300 after performing a calibration process on each branch during the calibration phase following system installation and commissioning, or during the recalibration phase after maintenance. Specifically, the temperature index calibration curve family refers to a set of pressure difference-flow characteristic curves indexed by temperature established for each branch during the system calibration phase. Specifically, during the calibration phase, the controller 300 sequentially sets the coolant supply temperature to multiple different calibration temperatures T1, T2, ..., Tm. After the system reaches steady state at each calibration temperature Tk, the controller adjusts the flow resistance regulating device 101 to make the branch operate at multiple different flow operating points sequentially, and collects the actual flow rate Qi and the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔPi at each flow operating point. The controller 300 fits the multiple sets of data pairs (ΔPi, Qi) collected at each calibration temperature into a calibration curve ΔP=fi(Q,Tk) at that temperature. The m calibration curves obtained by fitting a branch at m calibration temperatures together constitute the temperature index calibration curve family {fi(Q,T1),fi(Q,T2),...,fi(Q,Tm)} for that branch. Since the viscosity of the coolant changes significantly with temperature, the flow resistance characteristics of the same branch differ significantly at different temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to establish calibration curves under multiple temperature conditions to provide an accurate reference standard for different temperature conditions during normal operation.

[0086] In a specific example, the thermal management system also includes temperature detection components 103 and pressure detection components 104 respectively disposed on each branch; the thermal management system stores a family of temperature index calibration curves corresponding to each branch; such as Figure 4 As shown, the method further includes steps S301 to S304: Step S301, obtaining the actual temperature of the target branch through the temperature detection component 103 and obtaining the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of the target branch through the pressure detection component 104; Step S302, determining the target calibration curve that matches the actual temperature from the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to the target branch; Step S303, determining the calibration reference pressure difference based on the actual flow rate and the target calibration curve; Step S304, when the difference between the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference and the calibration reference pressure difference is greater than the preset deviation band, controlling the flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to the target branch according to the difference to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch.

[0087] The controller 300 obtains the actual temperature of the target branch through the temperature detection component 103 and the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of the target branch through the pressure detection component 104.

[0088] In this embodiment, the controller 300 determines a target calibration curve that matches the actual temperature from the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to the target branch. The controller 300 selects the calibration curve in the temperature index calibration curve family whose temperature is closest to the actual temperature as the target calibration curve. Then, the controller 300 determines the calibration reference pressure difference based on the actual flow rate of the target branch and the target calibration curve. That is, the pressure difference value that the branch 20 should have under the calibration state, the flow rate, and the temperature conditions. Finally, the controller 300 compares the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference with the calibration reference pressure difference. If the difference between the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference and the calibration reference pressure difference is greater than a preset deviation band, the controller 300 determines that the flow resistance characteristics of the target branch have deviated from the calibration state and there is an anomaly. The controller 300 controls the flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to the target branch according to the direction and magnitude of the difference to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch to compensate for the change in flow resistance. When the direction of the pressure difference indicates that the actual pressure difference is greater than the calibrated reference pressure difference (i.e., the flow resistance increases), the controller 300 determines that the inherent flow resistance of the branch 20 has increased. Possible causes include pipe scaling or partial blockage of the coolant passage. The controller 300 reduces the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20 to maintain the target flow rate and outputs a record of the status change of the branch 20. When the direction of the pressure difference indicates that the actual pressure difference is less than the calibrated reference pressure difference (i.e., the flow resistance decreases), the controller 300 determines that there may be a leak in the branch 20, issues a warning, and appropriately increases the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20 to avoid excessive flow.

[0089] The temperature-indexed calibration curve family addresses a problem overlooked in existing technologies for immersion cooling systems: in systems where coolant viscosity varies significantly with temperature, a single calibration curve cannot be applied to all temperature conditions. Existing technologies use a single temperature baseline for initial calibration. When the operating temperature deviates from the calibration temperature, an inherent deviation occurs between the normal operating data and the single calibration reference. This inherent deviation overlaps with deviations caused by genuine pipeline anomalies, leading to two consequences: first, normal temperature fluctuations are misjudged as pipeline anomalies (false alarms); second, genuine pipeline anomalies are buried under the background deviations caused by temperature fluctuations and missed. This solution establishes a family of calibration curves indexed by temperature, creating independent calibration references for each temperature condition. This separates normal deviations caused by temperature and viscosity changes from the total deviation, ensuring anomaly identification targets only genuine pipeline condition changes, while simultaneously reducing false alarm and missed alarm rates.

[0090] In a specific example, it also includes: obtaining the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference, actual flow rate, and actual temperature of multiple branches 20; determining the standardized deviation values ​​of the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of multiple branches 20 relative to the corresponding calibration reference pressure difference; determining the mean and standard deviation of the standardized deviation values ​​of multiple branches 20; and, if the standard deviation is greater than the standard deviation threshold, identifying the target abnormal branch with the largest absolute value of the corresponding standardized deviation value among the multiple branches 20, and increasing the adjustment range of the flow resistance regulating device corresponding to the target abnormal branch.

[0091] In each control cycle, the controller 300 not only independently performs calibration deviation detection on each branch 20, but also performs cross-comparison analysis on the deviation data of multiple branches 20 to distinguish between local anomalies in individual branches and system-wide coolant performance changes.

[0092] In this embodiment, the controller 300 acquires the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference, actual flow rate, and actual temperature of multiple branches 20. For each branch 20, the controller 300 determines the calibration reference pressure difference of that branch 20 at the current temperature and current flow rate using the method described above, and then calculates the standardized deviation value of the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of that branch 20 relative to the calibration reference pressure difference. The standardized deviation value characterizes the relative degree of deviation of the actual pressure difference from the calibration reference. Then, the controller 300 determines the mean and standard deviation of the standardized deviation values ​​of the multiple branches 20. The mean reflects the overall level and direction of the deviation of each branch, and the standard deviation reflects the degree of dispersion between the deviations of each branch. Finally, the controller 300 performs a classification judgment based on the combination of the mean and standard deviation: when the standard deviation is small and the mean is close to zero, it indicates that the flow resistance characteristics of each branch 20 have not changed significantly, and the overall system is judged to be operating normally, with the flow balance control maintaining normal parameter operation. When the standard deviation is small and the mean deviates significantly from zero, it indicates that the flow resistance of all branches 20 has changed synchronously in the same direction and with similar magnitude. Since all branches 20 share the same batch of coolant, the most likely cause of the synchronous and uniform change in flow resistance is a change in the overall performance of the coolant (e.g., increased viscosity due to coolant aging). In this case, the controller 300 does not differentiate the flow resistance of each branch 20 (because synchronous deviation does not affect the relative balance between branches), but instead outputs a coolant anomaly warning signal and sends a signal to the upstream system suggesting increasing the pump speed of the circulation pump 204 or performing coolant testing. When the standard deviation is greater than the standard deviation threshold, it indicates a significant difference in deviation among the branches 20, with some branches showing significantly different flow resistance changes compared to others, indicating a local anomaly in individual branches. The controller 300 identifies the target abnormal branch with the largest absolute value of the standardized deviation among the multiple branches 20 and increases the adjustment range of the flow resistance adjustment device 101 corresponding to this target abnormal branch to compensate for the flow resistance change in that abnormal branch. Simultaneously, it maintains normal adjustment for the remaining normal branches. If the deviation of the target abnormal branch continues to increase and exceeds the preset upper limit, the controller 300 determines that the adjustment margin of the adjustable flow resistance of the branch 20 is insufficient to compensate, and outputs a maintenance request signal for the branch 20.

[0093] The multi-branch cross-comparison method utilizes the inherent redundancy of multiple parallel branches 20, achieving anomaly location accuracy unattainable by single-branch monitoring schemes. Its judgment criterion shifts from the absolute deviation of each branch to the relative consistency between branches, reducing reliance on absolute calibration accuracy. By statistically analyzing the combined mean and standard deviation of the deviations of multiple branches, it distinguishes between individual anomalies and system-level anomalies. For individual anomalies, it only increases the adjustment amplitude of the anomalous branch; for system-level anomalies, it does not perform differentiated adjustments but instead issues an upstream warning. This distinguishing ability allows the flow balance controller to adopt a response strategy matched to the anomaly type, avoiding misjudging overall coolant aging as a blockage in a particular branch and thus implementing ineffective differentiated adjustments.

[0094] In a specific example, it also includes: within a preset update cycle, fitting the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch 20 based on the steady-state operating data of each branch; determining the relative rate of change of the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch 20 relative to the initial flow resistance coefficient; determining the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the relative rate of change of multiple branches 20; and, if the average rate of change is greater than a first rate of change threshold and the standard deviation of the rate of change is less than a second rate of change threshold, performing an overall offset correction on the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to each branch 20 based on the average rate of change.

[0095] During system operation, the controller 300 performs long-term trend tracking of the calibration curve parameters of each branch 20 according to a preset update cycle.

[0096] In this embodiment, within each preset update cycle, the controller 300 uses the steady-state operating data accumulated within that cycle to refit the characteristic curve parameters of each branch 20, obtaining the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch 20. The current flow resistance coefficient reflects the pipe flow resistance state of the branch 20 at the current moment. The initial flow resistance coefficient is the flow resistance coefficient of the branch 20 at the first calibration after system installation and commissioning. Then, the controller 300 determines the relative rate of change of the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch 20 relative to the initial flow resistance coefficient. The relative rate of change reflects the degree of deviation of the flow resistance of the branch 20 from the initial calibration state. Next, the controller 300 determines the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the relative rate of change of multiple branches 20. The average rate of change reflects the overall drift trend of the flow resistance of all branches, and the standard deviation of the rate of change reflects the consistency of the flow resistance drift of each branch. Finally, the controller 300 performs coolant state evaluation and calibration curve correction based on the combination of the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the rate of change. It should be noted that the steady-state operating data for each branch refers to the operating data collected for each branch after the system has reached thermodynamic and hydrodynamic steady state under specific operating conditions. This includes the actual flow rate Qi, the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔPi, and the actual temperature Ti of that branch. The steady-state determination criterion is that within a continuous preset sampling time window, the changes in the flow rate, inlet and outlet pressure difference, and temperature of that branch are all less than their respective steady-state determination thresholds. Only data that meets the steady-state determination criteria are included in the fitting calculation to exclude the interference of data from the system during transient adjustment processes on the fitting results.

[0097] The current flow resistance coefficient of each branch is obtained by fitting the steady-state operating data of each branch. Specifically, the following steps are included: Within each preset update cycle, the controller selects multiple data pairs (ΔPi,Qi) within the same temperature range from the multiple sets of steady-state operating data accumulated within that cycle. The inlet and outlet pressure difference and flow rate of this branch satisfy the characteristic relationship ΔPi=Ki×Qi, where Ki is the current flow resistance coefficient of this branch within that temperature range. The controller uses the least squares method, taking the N sets of steady-state data pairs (ΔPi,1,Qi,1), (ΔPi,2,Qi,2), ..., (ΔPi,N,Qi,N) collected within the update cycle as samples, to fit and obtain the current flow resistance coefficient Ki of this branch.

[0098] If the average rate of change exceeds the first threshold and the standard deviation of the rate of change is less than the second threshold, the controller 300 determines that the flow resistance of all branches 20 is increasing synchronously and uniformly. The likely cause is an overall increase in coolant viscosity (i.e., coolant aging). The physical basis for this is that coolant aging is a global phenomenon; all branches share the same batch of coolant, and the viscosity change caused by coolant aging has a synchronous and uniform impact on all branches. Therefore, the relative rate of change of the flow resistance coefficient of each branch should have good consistency (i.e., a small standard deviation of the rate of change). The controller 300 performs an overall offset correction on the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to each branch 20 based on the average rate of change. The calibration curve family of each branch 20 is shifted as a whole towards higher flow resistance by a correction amount corresponding to the average rate of change, to avoid misjudging the overall increase in coolant viscosity as an individual anomaly in each branch 20. This correction amount is continuously adjusted as the average rate of change is updated, keeping the calibration benchmark synchronized with the actual state of the coolant. Simultaneously, the controller 300 outputs a coolant aging warning signal. If the average rate of change is less than or equal to the first rate of change threshold, the controller 300 determines that the overall condition of the coolant has not changed significantly and does not perform overall offset correction for the calibration curve family. If the standard deviation of the rate of change is greater than or equal to the second rate of change threshold, the controller 300 determines that the piping condition of each branch 20 has deteriorated differentially. The rate of increase in flow resistance in some branches is significantly faster than in others. Unlike the global nature of coolant aging, pipe scaling is localized, therefore the rate of change in flow resistance of the differentially deteriorated branches is inconsistent (i.e., the standard deviation of the rate of change is large). If the average rate of change experiences a sudden step change, the controller 300 determines that a batch of coolant may have been replaced or a foreign liquid may have been introduced into the system, outputs a coolant quality abnormality alarm, and recommends a system-wide recalibration of the calibration curves.

[0099] Example 5 Example 5, based on any one of Examples 1 to 3, further introduces forward-looking flow distribution control, upgrading thermal management from passive response to proactive pre-control.

[0100] In a specific example, before determining the deviation between the actual traffic and the target traffic, such as Figure 5 As shown, it also includes steps S401 to S404: Step S401, obtaining the status information of the target battery device corresponding to the target branch and the power scheduling plan within a future preset time window; Step S402, predicting the predicted heat generation power of the target battery device based on the status information and the power scheduling plan; Step S403, determining the target flow rate of the target branch based on the predicted heat generation power; Step S404, before the power scheduling plan is executed, adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch by controlling the flow resistance adjustment device 101 for a preset duration.

[0101] Compared to Example 1, in this example, the target flow rate is dynamically determined based on the predicted heat generation power of the battery device corresponding to each branch 20 over a future period of time.

[0102] In this embodiment, the controller 300 predicts the predicted heat output of the target battery device based on status information and a power scheduling plan. The controller 300 determines the target flow rate for each branch 20 based on the predicted heat output of each branch 20. Branches 20 with higher predicted heat output are allocated a higher target flow rate, while branches 20 with lower predicted heat output are allocated a lower target flow rate. Before the power scheduling plan is executed, the controller 300 pre-sets a time limit to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch using the flow resistance adjustment device 101, ensuring that the coolant flow rate is adjusted before the peak heat output arrives. The pre-set time limit is determined based on the flow delay of the coolant in the pipeline and the response time of the flow resistance adjustment device 101.

[0103] Through a forward-looking control chain encompassing power prediction, heat generation prediction, and flow pre-regulation, the controller 300 can pre-allocate coolant flow before the peak heat generation arrives, upgrading thermal management from passive response to proactive control. Energy storage systems possess a unique characteristic: their thermal load is driven by charge / discharge scheduling commands, which can be predicted in advance when the commands are issued. Therefore, this solution leverages the predictable thermal load of the energy storage system, ensuring coolant flow is in place before the battery device undergoes high-power charge / discharge, thus preventing a brief temperature surge after the peak heat generation. Although this surge is brief, the peak temperature under high-power charge / discharge scenarios may exceed the safe operating temperature range of the battery device. Forward-looking flow pre-regulation eliminates this surge, reducing the risk of accelerated aging of the battery device due to transient overheating.

[0104] In a specific example, the predicted heat generation power of the target battery device is predicted based on the state information and the power scheduling plan. This includes: extracting the real-time voltage and internal resistance estimates of the target battery device from the state information; determining the predicted current based on the power scheduling plan and the real-time voltage; and determining the predicted heat generation power based on the product of the square of the predicted current and the internal resistance estimate.

[0105] In this embodiment, the controller 300 extracts the real-time voltage and internal resistance estimate from the state information of the target battery device. The real-time voltage is the terminal voltage of the target battery device at the current moment. The internal resistance estimate is the estimate of the internal resistance of the target battery device made by the battery management system using methods such as pulse current injection, AC impedance spectroscopy, or online recursive algorithms. It should be noted that the accuracy of the internal resistance estimate affects the accuracy of the heat generation power prediction. The internal resistance estimate usually changes with the aging state and state of charge of the battery device, and the battery management system updates the estimate in real time to maintain its accuracy. The controller 300 determines the predicted current based on the planned power value and real-time voltage of the target battery device at a future time in the power scheduling plan. The predicted current is equal to the planned power value divided by the real-time voltage. The controller 300 determines the predicted heat generation power based on the product of the square of the predicted current and the internal resistance estimate. The physical meaning of this calculation is that the heat generated during the charging and discharging of the battery device mainly comes from the Joule heat generated by the current passing through the battery's internal resistance, and the Joule heat power is equal to the square of the current multiplied by the internal resistance.

[0106] Using the aforementioned quantitative parameters, the controller 300 can progressively calculate the predicted heat generation power of the battery devices corresponding to each branch 20 based on the power scheduling plan, thereby determining the differentiated target flow rate for each branch 20. This calculation method utilizes the basic physical laws of battery charging and discharging heat generation, providing a clear physical basis for forward-looking flow allocation, rather than relying on empirical temperature-flow mapping tables. Compared to statistical prediction methods based on historical temperature data, this physical model method can provide a reasonable heat generation power prediction when the battery device first experiences a new operating condition (e.g., the first time performing a peak-shaving task at a certain power level), without needing to accumulate historical data for that operating condition.

[0107] Example 6 Example 6 introduces a phased control strategy for cold start conditions, based on Example 1.

[0108] In a specific example, the thermal management system also includes a circulation pump located on the main line and temperature detection components located on each branch line; before obtaining the actual flow rate of the target branch, such as Figure 6 It also includes steps S501 to S502: Step S501, obtaining the actual temperature of the target branch; Step S502, when the actual temperature is less than the second temperature threshold, setting the flow resistance of the flow resistance adjustment device 101 to the minimum preset flow resistance, and controlling the circulating pump 204 to run at the first speed.

[0109] In immersion cooling systems, the coolant is typically an insulating liquid whose viscosity increases significantly as temperature decreases. In applications such as outdoor energy storage power stations, the system may experience prolonged shutdowns, causing the coolant temperature to drop to ambient temperature. In low-temperature winter environments, the kinematic viscosity of the coolant can reach tens or even hundreds of times that at normal operating temperatures, and the viscosity differences between branches caused by minute temperature variations are amplified to an extreme degree.

[0110] In this embodiment, when the system starts, the controller 300 first obtains the actual temperature of each branch 20 through the temperature detection component 103. When the actual temperature of any branch 20 is less than the second temperature threshold, the controller 300 determines that the system is in a cold start state and enters the first stage of cold start, the low-speed pre-circulation stage. In the first stage of cold start, the controller 300 sets the flow resistance of the flow resistance adjustment device 101 on each branch 20 to the minimum preset flow resistance (i.e., the valve is fully open, so that the total flow resistance of each branch 20 is reduced to the minimum), and at the same time controls the circulation pump 204 to run at a first speed. The first speed is lower than the rated speed of the circulation pump 204. The combination of fully open valves and low-speed pump reduces the total flow resistance of the system to the minimum, so that the circulation pump 204 can still start and establish coolant circulation under the condition of extremely high coolant viscosity.

[0111] In a specific example, such as Figure 6 As shown, it also includes steps S503 to S504: Step S503, when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the rotation speed of the circulating pump 204 is increased at a preset rate, and the third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold; Step S504, when the rotation speed of the circulating pump 204 reaches the second rotation speed, the step of determining the flow deviation between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate and subsequent steps are executed, and the flow resistance adjustment device 101 is controlled by the first control parameter group; the second rotation speed is greater than the first rotation speed and less than the rated rotation speed of the circulating pump.

[0112] When the actual temperature of all branches 20 is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the controller 300 determines that the coolant temperature has risen to a range where the flow resistance is controllable, and enters the second stage of cold start, the transition stage. The third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold. In the second stage of cold start, the controller 300 gradually increases the speed of the circulating pump 204 according to a preset rate. Gradually increasing the pump speed instead of increasing it to the rated speed in one step is to avoid pipeline pressure shocks and flow oscillations caused by sudden changes in pump speed. When the speed of the circulating pump 204 reaches the second speed, the controller 300 begins to execute flow balancing control, that is, to execute the step of determining the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow, and subsequent steps. In the second stage of cold start, the controller 300 uses the first control parameter group to control the flow resistance regulating device 101. The first control parameter group is a cold start-specific parameter group, characterized by a large integral time constant. That is, the integral action is slower, resulting in a smaller cumulative adjustment amount due to the integral term in a single control cycle. The purpose of this design is to prevent over-adjustment of the controller 300 based on the still unstable flow deviation during the transition phase when the coolant temperature and viscosity are still changing rapidly, which could cause flow oscillations. A larger integral time constant allows the controller 300 to respond more gently, gradually accumulating adjustment only after the flow deviation has persisted for multiple control cycles, thus avoiding over-adjustment.

[0113] In a specific example, such as Figure 6 As shown, it also includes step S505, in which the first control parameter group is switched to the second control parameter group to control the flow resistance adjustment device 101 when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature threshold, the speed of the circulating pump 204 reaches the rated speed, and the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the second flow deviation threshold; the fourth temperature threshold is greater than the third temperature threshold; wherein, the integral time constant of the first control parameter group is greater than the integral time constant of the second control parameter group.

[0114] In this embodiment, the controller 300 determines that the cold start process is complete and enters normal operation when the following three conditions are met simultaneously: First, the actual temperature of all branches 20 is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature threshold, and the fourth temperature threshold is greater than the third temperature threshold; second, the rotational speed of the circulating pump 204 reaches the rated speed; third, the absolute value of the flow deviation of each branch 20 is less than or equal to the second flow deviation threshold. These three conditions confirm that the system has the conditions for normal operation from three dimensions: temperature, pump speed, and flow balance. The temperature condition confirms that the viscosity of the coolant has dropped to the normal range; the pump speed condition confirms that the circulating pump 204 has output sufficient circulation power; and the flow balance condition confirms that the flow of each branch 20 has converged to the target range. After determining that the cold start process is complete, the controller 300 switches the first control parameter group to the second control parameter group to control the flow resistance adjustment device 101. The second control parameter group is the normal operation parameter group. The integral time constant of the first control parameter group is greater than the integral time constant of the second control parameter group. That is, a slower integral response is used during the cold start transition phase to avoid over-tuning and oscillation, while a faster integral response is switched during the normal operation phase to improve regulation accuracy and response speed.

[0115] It is important to note that in this embodiment, the temperature thresholds for each stage of cold start are in the following order: second temperature threshold < third temperature threshold < fourth temperature threshold < first temperature threshold. Sufficient temperature intervals are maintained between each temperature threshold to prevent frequent switching between different operating stages due to temperature fluctuations.

[0116] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. Similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0117] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0118] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0119] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this invention. For example, if the device or element in the illustration is inverted, then the element described as "below," "under," "down," or "bottom" of other elements or features will be oriented "above" or "top" of the other elements or features. Therefore, the term "below" may, depending on the context in which the term is used, encompass both above and below orientations, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Materials may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees, inverted, flipped), and the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0120] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0121] In the description of embodiments of the present invention, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and may be further included. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be an intermediate component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or a component "directly" on another component, or a component surface on which another component is formed or disposed, it indicates that there is no intermediate component between the two components. For simplicity and clarity, various components may be drawn at any scale. In the drawings, some components may be omitted for simplicity.

[0122] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "component" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0123] In addition, another embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal management device for an energy storage system, comprising: a flow acquisition module configured to acquire the actual flow of a target branch through a flow detection component; a deviation determination module configured to determine the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow; and a flow resistance adjustment module configured to control the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation, thereby adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch.

[0124] In some embodiments, the system further includes an iterative convergence module, configured to trigger the flow resistance adjustment module to perform adjustment when the absolute value of the flow deviation is greater than a first flow deviation threshold, and to trigger the flow acquisition module to reacquire the actual flow after a preset time interval has elapsed, until the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the first flow deviation threshold.

[0125] In some embodiments, the system further includes a temperature state discrimination module, configured to obtain the actual temperature of the target branch through a temperature detection component, and trigger a flow resistance adjustment module to reduce the flow resistance of the target branch when the actual flow rate is less than the target flow rate and the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold.

[0126] In some embodiments, the temperature state discrimination module is further configured to: reduce the flow resistance of the target branch by an amount that is positively correlated with the difference between the actual temperature and the first temperature threshold.

[0127] In some embodiments, the system further includes: a calibration curve management module configured to store a family of temperature index calibration curves corresponding to each branch, and to determine a target calibration curve matching the actual temperature from the family of temperature index calibration curves based on the actual temperature of the target branch obtained by the temperature detection component, and to determine a calibration reference pressure difference based on the actual flow rate and the target calibration curve; and a deviation detection module configured to trigger a flow resistance adjustment module to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch according to the difference when the difference between the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of the target branch obtained by the pressure detection component and the calibration reference pressure difference is greater than a preset deviation band.

[0128] In some embodiments, the system further includes: a cross-comparison analysis module, configured to determine the standardized deviation values ​​of the actual inlet and outlet pressure differences of multiple branches relative to the corresponding calibration reference pressure differences, determine the mean and standard deviation of the standardized deviation values ​​of multiple branches, and, if the standard deviation is greater than the standard deviation threshold, determine the target abnormal branch with the largest absolute value of the corresponding standardized deviation value, and increase the adjustment range of the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target abnormal branch.

[0129] In some embodiments, the system further includes: a trend tracking module configured to fit the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch based on the steady-state operating data of each branch within a preset update cycle, determine the relative rate of change of the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch relative to the initial flow resistance coefficient, determine the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the relative rate of change of multiple branches, and trigger the calibration curve management module to perform an overall offset correction on the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to each branch based on the average rate of change when the average rate of change is greater than a first rate of change threshold and the standard deviation of the rate of change is less than a second rate of change threshold.

[0130] In some embodiments, the system further includes: a forward control module configured to acquire the status information of the target battery device corresponding to the target branch and the power scheduling plan within a future preset time window, predict the predicted heat generation power of the target battery device based on the status information and the power scheduling plan, determine the target flow rate of the target branch based on the predicted heat generation power, and trigger the flow resistance adjustment module to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch for a preset time period before the power scheduling plan is executed.

[0131] In some embodiments, the forward control module is further configured to: extract the real-time voltage and internal resistance estimates of the target battery device from the state information, determine the predicted current based on the power scheduling plan and the real-time voltage, and determine the predicted heat generation power based on the product of the square of the predicted current and the internal resistance estimate.

[0132] In some embodiments, the system further includes a cold start control module configured to acquire the actual temperature of the target branch, and, if the actual temperature is less than a second temperature threshold, set the flow resistance of the flow resistance adjustment device to a minimum preset flow resistance, and control the circulating pump to run at a first speed.

[0133] In some embodiments, the cold start control module is further configured to: increase the speed of the circulation pump at a preset rate when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a third temperature threshold, wherein the third temperature threshold is greater than a second temperature threshold; and when the speed of the circulation pump reaches a second speed, trigger the deviation determination module and the flow resistance adjustment module to perform flow balance control, and use a first control parameter group to control the flow resistance adjustment device, wherein the second speed is greater than the first speed and less than the rated speed of the circulation pump.

[0134] In some embodiments, the cold start control module is further configured to: switch the first control parameter group to the second control parameter group to control the flow resistance adjustment device when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature threshold, the speed of the circulating pump reaches the rated speed, and the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the second flow deviation threshold; wherein the fourth temperature threshold is greater than the third temperature threshold; wherein the integral time constant of the first control parameter group is greater than the integral time constant of the second control parameter group.

[0135] It should be noted that the aforementioned functional modules are logical modules implemented at the software level when the processor executes computer-executable instructions in the memory. These modules collaborate through inter-module data transfer and call timing management. The aforementioned energy storage thermal management device can be integrated into the controller 300. In embodiments where the controller 300 is a battery management system, the aforementioned functional modules and the battery management functional modules of the battery management system (state-of-charge estimation module, internal resistance estimation module, charge / discharge management module, etc.) run together on the same processor and share data in the same memory, enabling thermal management control and battery management to be executed in a unified manner on the same hardware platform.

[0136] In addition, another embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal management system for an energy storage system, comprising: a main path; multiple branch paths, each branch path being fluidly connected to the main path and arranged in parallel; each branch path comprising an immersion cavity, a flow resistance regulating device, and a flow detection component, the flow resistance regulating device and the flow detection component being disposed on the branch path; and a controller, the controller being communicatively connected to the flow resistance regulating device and the flow detection component on each branch path; the controller being configured to execute the thermal management method of the energy storage system described above.

[0137] In addition, another embodiment of the present invention provides an energy storage device, including a battery device and a thermal management system of the above-mentioned energy storage system, wherein the battery device is disposed in an immersion cavity of the thermal management system.

[0138] In addition, another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrical device, including a battery device and a thermal management system of the above-mentioned energy storage system, wherein the battery device is disposed in an immersion cavity of the thermal management system.

[0139] It is not difficult to see that the above embodiments are device embodiments corresponding to the above method embodiments, and this embodiment can be implemented in conjunction with the above method embodiments. The relevant technical details mentioned in the above method embodiments are still valid in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here to reduce repetition. Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to the above method embodiments.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management method for an energy storage system, characterized in that, An application is made in a thermal management system, the thermal management system comprising multiple parallel branches and flow resistance regulating devices and flow detection components respectively disposed on each of the branches; and temperature detection components and pressure detection components respectively disposed on each of the branches; the thermal management system stores a family of temperature index calibration curves corresponding to each of the branches; the method includes: The actual flow rate of the target branch is obtained through the flow detection component. Determine the flow deviation between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate; The flow resistance of the target branch is adjusted by controlling the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation. The method further includes: The actual temperature of the target branch is obtained through the temperature detection component, and the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of the target branch is obtained through the pressure detection component. The calibration reference pressure difference is determined based on the actual flow rate and the target calibration curve; wherein, the target calibration curve is obtained by matching the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to the target branch with the actual temperature; If the difference between the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference and the calibrated reference pressure difference is greater than the preset deviation band, the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch is controlled according to the difference to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch.

2. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes: If the absolute value of the flow deviation is greater than the first flow deviation threshold, the step of adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch is executed, and after a preset time interval is reached, the step of obtaining the actual flow of the target branch is returned until the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the first flow deviation threshold.

3. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes temperature detection components disposed on each of the branches; the step of controlling the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation, and adjusting the flow resistance of the target branch, includes: The actual temperature of the target branch is obtained through the temperature detection component. When the actual flow rate is less than the target flow rate and the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold, the flow resistance regulating device corresponding to the target branch is controlled to reduce the flow resistance of the target branch.

4. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnitude by which the flow resistance adjustment device reduces the flow resistance of the target branch is positively correlated with the difference between the actual temperature and the first temperature threshold.

5. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference, actual flow rate, and actual temperature of multiple branches; Determine the standardized deviation values ​​of the actual inlet and outlet pressure differences of each of the multiple branches relative to the corresponding calibration reference pressure differences; Determine the mean and standard deviation of the standardized deviation values ​​for the multiple branches; If the standard deviation is greater than the standard deviation threshold, identify the target abnormal branch with the largest absolute value of the standardized deviation among the multiple branches, and increase the adjustment range of the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target abnormal branch.

6. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Within a preset update cycle, the current flow resistance coefficient of each branch is obtained by fitting the steady-state operating data of each branch. Determine the relative rate of change of the current flow resistance coefficient relative to the initial flow resistance coefficient for each of the branches; Determine the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the rate of change of the relative rates of change for the multiple branches; If the average rate of change is greater than a first rate of change threshold and the standard deviation of the rate of change is less than a second rate of change threshold, the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to each branch is adjusted by overall offset based on the average rate of change.

7. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Before determining the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow, the method further includes: Obtain the status information of the target battery device corresponding to the target branch and the power scheduling plan within a future preset time window; Based on the status information and the power scheduling plan, predict the predicted heat generation power of the target battery device; The target flow rate of the target branch is determined based on the predicted heating power; Before the power scheduling plan is executed, the flow resistance adjustment device is pre-set for a certain duration to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch.

8. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of predicting the predicted heat generation power of the target battery device based on the state information and the power scheduling plan includes: Extract the real-time voltage and internal resistance estimates of the target battery device from the state information; The predicted current is determined based on the power scheduling plan and the real-time voltage; The predicted heating power is determined by multiplying the square of the predicted current by the estimated internal resistance.

9. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system also includes a circulation pump installed on the main line and temperature detection components installed on each of the branch lines; Before obtaining the actual traffic of the target branch, the following steps are also included: Obtain the actual temperature of the target branch; When the actual temperature is less than the second temperature threshold, the flow resistance of the flow resistance regulating device is set to the minimum preset flow resistance, and the circulating pump is controlled to run at the first speed.

10. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: When the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the rotational speed of the circulating pump is increased at a preset rate. The third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold; When the speed of the circulating pump reaches the second speed, the step of determining the flow deviation between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate and subsequent steps are performed, and the flow resistance adjustment device is controlled by the first control parameter group. The second speed is greater than the first speed and less than the rated speed of the circulating pump.

11. The thermal management method for an energy storage system according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: When the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the fourth temperature threshold, the speed of the circulating pump reaches the rated speed, and the absolute value of the flow deviation is less than or equal to the second flow deviation threshold, the first control parameter group is switched to the second control parameter group to control the flow resistance adjustment device, and the fourth temperature threshold is greater than the third temperature threshold. The integral time constant of the first control parameter group is greater than the integral time constant of the second control parameter group.

12. A thermal management device for an energy storage system, characterized in that, include: The traffic acquisition module is configured to acquire the actual traffic of the target branch through the traffic detection component. The deviation determination module is configured to determine the flow deviation between the actual flow and the target flow; The flow resistance adjustment module is configured to control the flow resistance adjustment device corresponding to the target branch according to the flow deviation, and adjust the flow resistance of the target branch; The calibration curve management module is configured to store the temperature index calibration curve family corresponding to each branch, and determine the target calibration curve that matches the actual temperature from the temperature index calibration curve family based on the actual temperature of the target branch obtained through the temperature detection component, and determine the calibration reference pressure difference based on the actual flow rate and the target calibration curve. The deviation detection module is configured to trigger the flow resistance adjustment module to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch according to the difference when the difference between the actual inlet and outlet pressure difference of the target branch obtained by the pressure detection component and the calibration reference pressure difference is greater than a preset deviation band.

13. The thermal management device for the energy storage system according to claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: The temperature status determination module is configured to obtain the actual temperature of the target branch through the temperature detection component, and trigger the flow resistance adjustment module to reduce the flow resistance of the target branch when the actual flow rate is less than the target flow rate and the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold.

14. The thermal management device for an energy storage system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, Also includes: The forward-looking control module is configured to acquire the status information of the target battery device corresponding to the target branch and the power scheduling plan within a future preset time window, predict the predicted heat generation power of the target battery device based on the status information and the power scheduling plan, determine the target flow rate of the target branch based on the predicted heat generation power, and trigger the flow resistance adjustment module to adjust the flow resistance of the target branch for a preset time period before the power scheduling plan is executed.

15. The thermal management device for an energy storage system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, Also includes: The cold start control module is configured to acquire the actual temperature of the target branch, and when the actual temperature is less than a second temperature threshold, set the flow resistance of the flow resistance adjustment device to the minimum preset flow resistance, and control the circulating pump to run at a first speed.

16. A thermal management system for an energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Main road; Multiple branch paths are provided, each of which is in fluid communication with the main path and is arranged in parallel. Each branch path includes an immersion cavity, a flow resistance adjustment device, and a flow detection component, wherein the flow resistance adjustment device and the flow detection component are disposed on the branch path. as well as A controller is communicatively connected to the flow resistance regulating device and the flow detection component on each of the branches; the controller is configured to perform the thermal management method of the energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

17. An energy storage device, characterized in that, include: Battery device; as well as The thermal management system of the energy storage system of claim 16, wherein the battery device is disposed within the immersion cavity of the thermal management system.

18. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, include: Battery device; as well as The thermal management system of the energy storage system of claim 16, wherein the battery device is disposed within the immersion cavity of the thermal management system.

Images