A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle battery technology, specifically disclosing a new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function. Its structure includes an outer shell, a thermally conductive baffle, and a collision protection plate. A heat exchange support unit is provided in the cooling cavity below the thermally conductive baffle. This unit includes a thermally conductive support cylinder, a vertical baffle, and a sliding piston connected to a trigger rod. Under normal operating conditions, the cooling medium is guided by the baffle to form a U-shaped flow channel to achieve battery heat dissipation. When the chassis encounters a bottoming collision, the protection plate deforms and pushes the trigger rod, driving the piston upward to instantly block the inlet and outlet ports. This solution utilizes the incompressible nature of the sealed coolant to generate hydraulic feedback, instantly transforming the hollow support cylinder into a high-rigidity hydraulic support column. The collision deformation energy directly drives the flow path to lock, significantly improving the compressive stiffness of the impacted area of ​​the battery casing, effectively resisting external deformation intrusion, and improving the safety protection performance of the battery casing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle battery technology, and more specifically, to a new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing energy density of power batteries for new energy vehicles, the heat exchange efficiency of battery modules and the structural safety of the casing have become the core design considerations. Currently, power battery casings typically have a cooling chamber at the bottom, where a cooling medium circulates within the chamber to remove heat from the module and maintain the normal operating temperature of the battery system.

[0003] However, existing battery casing structures still exhibit significant limitations when facing extreme operating conditions. That is, when the existing casing bottom structure is subjected to chassis bottoming or violent collision, the cooling chamber as a whole is prone to severe instability deformation or collapse, causing external impact loads to be directly transmitted to the upper battery module, inducing physical compression damage to the battery cells. It is difficult to provide sufficient local support stiffness to resist intrusion deformation under instantaneous load, resulting in insufficient safety assurance.

[0004] In summary, the overall protective performance of existing battery casings under extreme collision conditions still has room for improvement. Therefore, this solution proposes a new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a new energy vehicle battery housing with heat dissipation function, so as to at least solve one of the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A new energy vehicle battery housing with heat dissipation function includes an outer shell, the upper part of which is open and recessed to form a battery housing cavity for accommodating a power battery. A cooling cavity is provided at the bottom of the battery housing cavity, and the cooling cavity is separated from the battery housing cavity by a heat-conducting partition. A collision guard plate is also installed at the bottom of the outer shell, and there is a gap between the collision guard plate and the bottom plate of the outer shell. The interior of the cooling cavity is provided with multiple heat exchange support units, and the multiple heat exchange support units are arrayed and distributed to form a grid-like cooling flow channel in the cooling cavity.

[0008] The heat exchange support unit includes a heat-conducting support cylinder whose two ends are fixedly connected to the heat-conducting partition and the bottom plate of the outer shell, respectively; a vertical baffle plate fixedly disposed inside the heat-conducting support cylinder; and a sliding piston that can be slidably sleeved in the heat-conducting support cylinder and located below the vertical baffle plate. An inlet and an outlet are respectively opened on the outer walls on both sides of the heat-conducting support cylinder. The vertical baffle plate is located between the inlet and the outlet and extends upward to form a U-shaped heat exchange channel in the heat-conducting support cylinder. The bottom ends of the inlet and the outlet are flush with the top end of the sliding piston and are respectively connected to the cooling flow channel so that when the cooling medium flows in the cooling flow channel, it is diverted into the heat-conducting support cylinder and flows through the U-shaped heat exchange channel.

[0009] The upper end face of the sliding piston is provided with a sliding clearance groove that cooperates with the vertical baffle plate. The bottom of the sliding piston is connected to a trigger rod that extends downward into the gap between the collision guard plate and the bottom plate. The trigger rod passes through the bottom plate of the outer shell and slides and seals with it.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple water-blocking plates are extended from both sides of the vertical water-blocking plate, and the free ends of the multiple water-blocking plates are inclined upward.

[0011] Furthermore, both the inlet and outlet are flat elongated holes, with their circumferential opening width greater than their axial opening height.

[0012] Furthermore, there is a redundant gap between the bottom end of the trigger rod and the collision guard plate, and the overhang length of the trigger rod within the gap is greater than the axial opening height of the flat elongated hole.

[0013] Furthermore, an elastic airbag is provided between the inside of the sliding clearance groove and the bottom of the vertical baffle plate. The elastic airbag is filled with a gas medium. When the sliding piston slides in the heat-conducting support cylinder, the elastic airbag is squeezed by the vertical baffle plate.

[0014] Furthermore, multiple fire extinguishing capsules are provided around the inner wall of the battery housing cavity. The fire extinguishing capsules are filled with fire extinguishing medium. Each fire extinguishing capsule is provided with a pressure rupture membrane facing the battery housing cavity. Each fire extinguishing capsule is connected to the elastic airbag through a pressure guiding hose that passes through the vertical water baffle and the heat-conducting partition. A one-way pressure valve is also provided on the pressure guiding hose.

[0015] When the sliding piston slides upward to completely block the inlet or outlet, the one-way pressure valve is pressurized and opens, guiding the gas medium in the elastic airbag into the fire extinguishing capsule, so as to force the pressure rupture membrane to rupture and drive the fire extinguishing medium to be sprayed into the battery housing cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, a flexible pressure-sensing film is attached to the inner wall of the thermally conductive support cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer casing is also provided with a filling port and a drain port that communicate with the cooling chamber. The filling port and the drain port are connected to an external heat exchanger through a circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline is provided with a circulation pump for driving the cooling medium to flow in the cooling chamber, and the filling port and the drain port are respectively located on opposite sides of the outer casing.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner wall of the battery housing cavity is also covered with a layer of thermally conductive silicone pad that is in contact with the power battery. Multiple countersunk holes are also formed on the surface of the thermally conductive silicone pad, and the fire extinguishing capsule is adapted to be installed in the countersunk holes.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of the present invention include at least the following:

[0020] 1. This invention provides a heat exchange support unit with a sliding piston and a trigger rod inside the cooling chamber. Under normal operating conditions, a U-shaped flow channel is formed inside the support unit to ensure efficient liquid cooling of the power battery. When encountering a bottoming impact, the chassis deformation directly pushes the trigger rod to drive the piston upward, instantly cutting off the inlet and outlet of the liquid. This cleverly utilizes the incompressible property of liquid to instantly transform the impacted area into a high-rigidity hydraulic support column. The collision deformation energy directly drives the flow path to lock, effectively resisting external deformation intrusion and significantly improving the physical protection capability of the battery casing for the battery module.

[0021] 2. This invention introduces a mechanical linkage structure between an elastic airbag and a fire extinguishing capsule. When an extreme collision causes the piston inside the sealed cylinder to continue to move upward, the upward displacement of the piston compresses the elastic airbag, generating high-pressure gas. This high-pressure gas uses a purely physical pressure difference to break through the one-way valve and the rupture membrane, forcing the fire extinguishing medium to be sprayed into the battery compartment. This design does not rely on external electrical signals, achieving purely mechanical passive fire extinguishing triggering in the very early stages of a collision, effectively ensuring thermal runaway protection under extreme conditions.

[0022] 3. This invention further optimizes the inlet and outlet ports into flat, elongated holes and adds a flexible pressure sensing film and a thermally conductive silicone pad with countersunk holes. This not only achieves a perfect combination of drainage and rapid locking, but also constructs an instantaneous hydraulic quantification sensing mechanism for impact intensity. Combined with the flexible shock absorption of the silicone pad and the anti-interference design of the fire extinguishing components, the overall safety protection performance of the battery casing under normal thermal management and extreme destructive conditions is comprehensively improved. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cooling cavity structure of the outer casing of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a side cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the heat-conducting support cylinder in the middle;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a side cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the thermally conductive support cylinder;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing capsule of the present invention.

[0030] In the above figures, the reference numerals are as follows: 1. Outer shell; 11. Battery housing cavity; 12. Cooling cavity; 13. Thermally conductive baffle; 14. Collision guard plate; 2. Heat exchange support unit; 21. Thermally conductive support cylinder; 211. Flexible pressure sensing membrane; 212. Liquid inlet; 213. Liquid outlet; 22. Vertical baffle; 221. Water blocking plate; 23. Sliding piston; 231. Sliding clearance groove; 232. Elastic airbag; 24. Trigger rod; 31. Fire extinguishing capsule; 311. Pressure rupture membrane; 32. Pressure guiding hose; 4. Heat exchanger; 41. Circulation pipeline; 42. Filling port; 43. Discharge port; 5. Thermally conductive silicone pad; 6. Power battery. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. The embodiments described below are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, in the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] This embodiment provides a battery casing for new energy vehicles with heat dissipation function. Obviously, this battery casing is mainly used in the chassis protection of the power battery of new energy vehicles. Its core protection object is the power battery module installed inside. It aims to provide the power battery with an efficient liquid cooling heat exchange environment under normal operating conditions, and provide instantaneous and reliable structural rigidity support and physical safety protection in application scenarios such as the vehicle chassis being subjected to bottoming out or severe collisions, so as to prevent the battery cells from being damaged by external intrusion and compression or causing thermal runaway accidents.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, its structure specifically includes an outer shell 1, the upper part of which is open and recessed downward to form a battery receiving cavity 11 for accommodating a power battery 6. A cooling cavity 12 is provided at the bottom of the battery receiving cavity 11, and the cooling cavity 12 is separated from the battery receiving cavity by a heat-conducting partition 13. A collision guard plate 14 is also installed at the bottom of the outer shell 1, and there is a gap between the collision guard plate 14 and the bottom plate of the outer shell 1. Multiple heat exchange support units 2 are provided inside the cooling cavity 12. The multiple heat exchange support units 2 are arranged in an array and form a grid-like cooling flow channel in the cooling cavity 12.

[0036] The heat exchange support unit 2 includes a heat-conducting support cylinder 21 with its two ends fixedly connected to the heat-conducting partition 13 and the bottom plate of the outer shell 1, a vertical baffle plate 22 fixedly disposed inside the heat-conducting support cylinder 21, and a sliding piston 23 slidably sleeved in the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 and located below the vertical baffle plate 22. An inlet 212 and an outlet 213 are respectively opened on the outer walls of both sides of the heat-conducting support cylinder 21. The vertical baffle plate 22 is located between the inlet 212 and the outlet 213 and extends upward to form a U-shaped heat exchange channel in the heat-conducting support cylinder 21. The bottom ends of the inlet 212 and the outlet 213 are flush with the top end of the sliding piston 23 and are respectively connected to the cooling flow channel so that when the cooling medium flows in the cooling flow channel, it is diverted into the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 and flows through the U-shaped heat exchange channel.

[0037] The upper end face of the sliding piston 23 is provided with a sliding clearance groove 231 that cooperates with the vertical baffle plate 22. The bottom of the sliding piston 23 is connected to a trigger rod 24 that extends downward into the gap between the collision guard plate 14 and the bottom plate. The trigger rod 24 passes through the bottom plate of the outer shell 1 and slides and seals with it.

[0038] Understandably, in existing chassis protection designs for new energy vehicle power batteries, traditional support structures typically employ fixed hollow pillars or reinforcing ribs to balance the load-bearing capacity of the battery pack with the flow of internal coolant. However, technical personnel have discovered during their analysis of existing technologies that, because these support components need to allow for the flow of cooling media, their interiors must be in a connected, open, hollow state. When the chassis experiences a sudden mechanical impact such as bottoming out or a collision, the cooling fluid inside the cavity leaks directly out through the flow channels after being pressurized, failing to create effective reverse static pressure on the inner wall of the support cavity. This singular structural response mode makes the hollow support components highly susceptible to localized crushing or instability and collapse under significant impacts, leading to the direct transfer of impact loads and compression of the upper battery modules.

[0039] Therefore, this application solves the technical problem of insufficient local support stiffness of existing battery casings under extreme collision conditions by setting a heat exchange support unit 2 with a sliding piston 23 and a trigger rod 24.

[0040] Specifically, this embodiment achieves the switching of physical states under two operating conditions—conventional heat exchange and sudden collision—through the instantaneous forced displacement of mechanical components:

[0041] Under normal operating conditions, the sliding piston 23 is in its initial position, with the bottom ends of the inlet 212 and outlet 213 flush with the top end of the sliding piston 23, and the orifices remaining fully open. The array of heat-conducting support cylinders 21 within the cooling chamber 12 forms a grid-like cooling flow channel on the outside. As the cooling medium flows within this channel, some fluid smoothly flows into the heat-conducting support cylinders 21 via the inlet 212. Under the physical obstruction and guidance of the vertical baffle 22, the cooling medium is forced to flow upwards and overturn along the baffle, forming a U-shaped heat exchange channel, and finally flows out through the outlet 213. Through this flow path configuration, the heat-conducting support cylinders 21 conduct heat downwards from the heat-conducting baffle 13 to the cylinder body, absorbing heat in conjunction with the cooling medium diverted within the internal U-shaped heat exchange channel, thus ensuring the basic heat dissipation performance of the battery housing 11 under normal operating conditions.

[0042] When the battery casing is subjected to extreme conditions such as collision or bottoming out, the impact guard plate 14 is impacted and indented upwards, compressing the gap between it and the bottom plate of the outer casing 1. This directly pushes the trigger rod 24 located in the gap upwards. Since the trigger rod 24 and the bottom plate of the outer casing 1 are in sliding seal fit, the upward displacement of the trigger rod 24 directly pushes the sliding piston 23 in the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 to slide upwards axially. During the sliding process, the sliding clearance groove 231 on the upper end face of the sliding piston 23 cooperates with the vertical baffle plate 22 to ensure the guiding stability of the piston's upward movement. As the sliding piston 23 continues to move upwards, its outer peripheral wall gradually blocks and eventually cuts off the liquid inlet 212 and liquid outlet 213 opened on the side wall of the heat-conducting support cylinder 21. At this time, the originally open U-shaped heat exchange channel in the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 is physically closed, and the cooling medium retained in the cylinder is sealed inside the cylinder. Based on the physical property that liquids are difficult to compress, the sealed cooling medium, when pressurized, forms hydraulic feedback on the inner wall of the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 and the end face of the sliding piston 23. This solution uses the above-mentioned mechanical action to directly drive the flow path lock by utilizing the deformation generated by the collision, transforming the originally hollow heat-conducting support cylinder 21 into a hydraulic support column with high rigidity, thereby improving the local compressive rigidity of the impact area, effectively resisting the deformation intrusion of the chassis, and ensuring the physical support performance of the upper power battery 6.

[0043] Furthermore, it is understandable that in the design of conventional thin-walled heat exchange components, when a high-pressure closed fluid is instantly formed inside the tube, if the external collision load continues to increase, the traditional thin-walled heat exchange tube is very likely to burst under extremely high internal hydraulic pressure, or because it is not sealed inside and is rigid as a whole, it directly breaks through the top heat-conducting partition 13, thereby causing secondary puncture damage to the power battery 6 in the battery housing cavity 11.

[0044] In some embodiments, by matching the material and structural strength of the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 and the thermally conductive partition 13, the technical problems of easy bursting of the cylinder and easy puncture of the partition under hydraulic rigidity are solved, so as to meet the implementation reliability of the foundation. Specifically, in the case of a collision that transforms the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 into a hydraulically rigid state, both the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 and the thermally conductive baffle 13 in this embodiment are made of metal materials with both high thermal conductivity and high yield strength (such as high-strength aluminum alloy or alloy steel structural components). The top of the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 and the bottom of the thermally conductive baffle 13 are fixedly connected with high bonding strength (such as welding or reinforced riveting). Under normal conditions, this high thermal conductivity material ensures efficient heat conduction between the thermally conductive baffle 13 and the thermally conductive support cylinder 21. However, in the case of an extreme collision and the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 transforming into a locked hydraulically rigid state, the high yield strength and wall thickness of the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 itself are sufficient to resist the enormous outward expansion pressure generated by the internal incompressible cooling medium, effectively preventing the cylinder body from bursting and releasing pressure. At the same time, the thermally conductive baffle 13, which has high structural strength, serves as the overall bearing surface and can effectively disperse the localized concentrated stress transmitted from the top of the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 due to rigid pushing, avoiding stress-concentrated physical puncture at the collision contact point.

[0045] This ensures that the heat exchange support unit 2 has sufficient compressive redundancy and feasibility while achieving stiffness transformation. Clearly, the specific material selection rules (such as high-strength alloys) and standard reinforcement connection processes (such as welding and riveting) for the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 and heat-conducting partition 13 mentioned above are all conventional techniques that can be routinely adapted to the overall vehicle safety level when performing chassis mechanical design by those skilled in the art. These are not the core inventive points for which this application seeks protection; therefore, the specific material parameters and process details will not be elaborated upon further in the specification.

[0046] Based on the above embodiments, as a further optional implementation, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, multiple water-blocking plates 221 extend from both sides of the vertical water-blocking plate 22, and the free ends of the multiple water-blocking plates 221 are inclined upward.

[0047] Understandably, in this embodiment, by further setting an upwardly inclined water-blocking plate 221, the cooling medium is forced to form a tortuous flow path in the heat-conducting support cylinder 21, which effectively extends the residence time and heat exchange stroke of the cooling medium in the cylinder. On the other hand, the water flow is continuously cut and stirred when it flows through the edge of the water-blocking plate 221, breaking the original stable layered flow state, which promotes the low-temperature medium in the center to fully mix with the high-temperature medium close to the cylinder wall, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation effect of the battery casing to a certain extent.

[0048] As a further optional implementation of the above embodiments, both the liquid inlet 212 and the liquid outlet 213 are flat elongated holes, and their circumferential opening width is greater than their axial opening height.

[0049] Obviously, if the inlet and outlet ports 213 adopt conventional proportional circular holes, the diameter of the holes must be large in order to ensure sufficient flow of the cooling medium. However, the technicians found in further analysis that the large circular holes not only cause the sliding piston 23 to require a long axial stroke to completely block when it encounters a collision, resulting in a lag in rigid reinforcement; at the same time, at the moment when the piston starts to push the internal cooling medium upward, the discharge cross section of the ordinary hole type is often insufficient, which can easily generate a large instantaneous liquid resistance and affect the smoothness of triggering.

[0050] To address this, this embodiment further utilizes a flat, elongated orifice with a width greater than its height. Under normal cooling and collision-induced upward movement scenarios, this orifice, based on the principles of large width ensuring flow rate, small height promoting rapid sealing, and drainage and resistance relief, solves the technical problems of slow flow path lock-up response and initial triggering obstruction caused by conventional orifice types. Specifically, in actual implementation, the large circumferential width of the flat, elongated orifice fully ensures the large flow rate of the cooling medium under normal operating conditions, facilitating efficient heat exchange. In the initial stage of piston upward sliding triggered by a collision, the large opening provides a smooth drainage channel for the cooling medium displaced by the piston's upward pressure, effectively avoiding liquid resistance jamming caused by incompressible liquid (i.e., facilitating the piston's initial compression displacement). Subsequently, due to the extremely small axial height of the orifice, the piston only needs to produce a very short upward sliding displacement to instantly pass over and completely cut off the flow path, thus achieving a perfect combination of smooth initial drainage and rapid sealing and locking. This improves the protection response efficiency of the heat exchange support unit 2 during collisions and enhances its performance.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the circumferential opening width of the flat elongated holes (i.e., the liquid inlet 212 and the liquid outlet 213) to its axial opening height is between 2:1 and 4:1. This ensures that the holes have a sufficiently large flow cross-sectional area to meet the low flow resistance and high flow rate circulation requirements of the cooling medium under normal conditions. Reducing the axial height of the opening allows the piston to complete full shielding with a very short stroke, while effectively avoiding the risk of stress concentration or significant reduction in structural strength on the side wall of the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 due to excessively wide circumferential openings on one side.

[0052] As a further implementation method, in Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, there is a redundant gap between the bottom end of the trigger rod 24 and the collision guard plate 14, and the overhang length of the trigger rod 24 within the gap is greater than the axial opening height of the flat elongated hole.

[0053] In real driving environments, the chassis will inevitably encounter non-destructive physical contact such as being hit by flying stones on the road or minor scraping at low speeds. In order to avoid these routine disturbances causing the system to frequently and unnecessarily interrupt the flow path.

[0054] This design intentionally reserves this redundant gap between the bottom of the trigger rod 24 and the collision guard plate 14, so as to set a mechanical trigger "safety threshold" for the entire protection mechanism through this gap. It can effectively absorb and filter out the small elastic deformation of the guard plate, prevent the defense mechanism from being falsely triggered, and thus ensure the continuity and stability of the cooling cycle of the power battery 6 under normal conditions.

[0055] Meanwhile, regarding the reliability of the piston sealing stroke under severe collision conditions, when the vehicle experiences severe bottoming out, causing the collision guard plate 14 to deform severely or even press against the bottom plate of the outer shell 1, the upward displacement of the trigger rod 24 is its own overhang length. Therefore, this solution limits its overhang length to be greater than the axial opening height of the flat elongated hole, ensuring that even under conditions where the guard plate deformation is limited, the displacement transmitted by the trigger rod 24 is sufficient to drive the sliding piston 23 to effectively pass over and block the inlet 212 and outlet 213, thereby ensuring that the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 normally forms a hydraulic rigid support.

[0056] Obviously, the specific dimensions of this redundancy gap are not absolutely fixed, but can be flexibly adjusted according to the ground clearance of different vehicle models, the material stiffness of the collision protection plate 14, and the relevant battery pack bottom crush resistance safety test standards. For example, in some conventional new energy passenger vehicle designs, this redundancy gap can be preferably set between 3mm and 15mm. In actual implementation, as long as the value of this gap can absorb the normal elastic deformation during daily driving and does not affect its ability to provide sufficient trigger displacement under extreme destructive conditions, those skilled in the art can make conventional size settings based on actual vehicle safety specifications, and will not impose excessive restrictions or elaborate on them here.

[0057] As a further embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, a flexible pressure sensing film 211 is also attached to the inner wall of the thermally conductive support cylinder 21.

[0058] It should be understood that during the process of the sliding piston 23 being forced to move upward due to a collision with the vehicle chassis, the cooling medium inside the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 will experience a significant pressure change due to compression, and the pressure change gradient of the fluid is directly positively correlated with the collision intensity of the chassis. Therefore, the flexible pressure sensing film 211 attached to the inner wall can collect this internal hydraulic fluctuation data in real time and transmit it to the controller outside the vehicle.

[0059] By introducing the flexible pressure sensing film 211, this solution further constructs a quantitative sensing mechanism for collision intensity on the basis of purely mechanical physical protection. That is, it can predict the damage trend of the chassis mechanical structure based on the collected instantaneous peak hydraulic data. When the hydraulic pressure exceeds the threshold, the external vehicle electronic control system can quickly intervene and trigger the high-voltage power-off protection command, thereby effectively making up for the shortcomings of traditional deformation sensors in responding to bottom compression. It can cut off the high-voltage electrical circuit before the battery cell suffers substantial physical damage, thereby preventing secondary electrical short circuits and fires caused by collisions.

[0060] The flexible film attachment method can seamlessly adapt to the curved inner wall of the heat-conducting support cylinder 21, and will not cause any friction or spatial interference to the mechanical displacement of the sliding piston 23, thus ensuring the smooth execution of the original mechanical action.

[0061] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the outer shell 1 is also provided with a filling port 42 and a discharge port 43 that communicate with the cooling chamber 12. The filling port 42 and the discharge port 43 are connected to an external heat exchanger 4 through a circulation pipe 41. The circulation pipe 41 is provided with a circulation pump for driving the cooling medium to flow in the cooling chamber 12, and the filling port 42 and the discharge port 43 are respectively located on opposite sides of the outer shell 1.

[0062] By introducing the aforementioned closed-loop pipeline and circulating pump, this solution constructs a continuous and efficient active liquid cooling circulation system inside the outer casing 1. Under actual working conditions, the circulating pump provides a stable fluid driving force, causing the cooling medium that has absorbed the heat of the power battery 6 to continuously flow from the outlet 43 to the external heat exchanger 4 for cooling, and then pumps it back into the cooling chamber 12 through the filling port 42, thereby achieving continuous and dynamic dissipation of the heat generated by the battery module.

[0063] Furthermore, the filling port 42 and the discharge port 43 are located on opposite sides of the outer casing 1, which optimizes the fluid distribution path inside the cooling chamber 12. This opposite-side layout forces the cooling medium to cross the entire bottom span of the outer casing 1 after entering the cooling chamber 12 before flowing out, thereby effectively avoiding the phenomenon of short-distance "fluid short circuit" of the cooling medium at the inlet and outlet ends, completely eliminating local heat exchange dead zones, thus ensuring the uniformity of the temperature field distribution at the bottom of the entire battery pack, and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the battery casing.

[0064] In some preferred embodiments, in order to balance the high-voltage insulation safety and high-efficiency heat exchange requirements of the power battery 6 system, the cooling medium circulating inside the cooling chamber 12 can be a conventional thermal management fluid such as an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol or a special insulating cooling oil (such as fluorinated liquid); at the same time, the circulation pump can be a conventional vehicle-mounted electronic water pump, and the circulation pipeline 41 can be made of corrosion-resistant insulating composite pipe. However, this is not the focus of this application, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0065] Example 2:

[0066] Please refer to further information. Figure 5 As another optional implementation of the above embodiments, different from Embodiment 1, an elastic airbag 232 is provided between the inside of the sliding clearance groove 231 and the bottom end of the vertical baffle plate 22. The elastic airbag 232 is filled with a gas medium. When the sliding piston 23 slides in the heat-conducting support cylinder 21, the elastic airbag 232 is squeezed by the vertical baffle plate 22.

[0067] This solution cleverly utilizes the physical property that gas has a higher compressibility ratio than liquid by adding an elastic airbag 232 filled with gas between the sliding clearance groove 231 and the vertical baffle plate 22, introducing a necessary volume compensation mechanism for the hydraulic chamber after locking. In specific implementation, when the sliding piston 23 continues to slide within the sealed cylinder, the bottom end of the fixed vertical baffle plate 22 will press down on the elastic airbag 232 located in the sliding clearance groove 231. As the airbag contracts under pressure, the released internal space provides a buffer margin for the piston's continued upward movement. Thus, this structural design not only effectively absorbs the peak impact load in the later stages of the collision and avoids the risk of the heat-conducting support cylinder 21 wall rupture caused by rigid pressure of pure liquid, but also ensures that the heat exchange support unit 2 provides high-strength compressive support while taking into account a moderate flexible energy absorption effect, improving the rationality of the overall mechanical response.

[0068] Further possible implementations based on the above embodiments, such as... Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of fire extinguishing capsules 31 are provided around the inner wall of the battery housing cavity 11. The fire extinguishing capsules 31 are filled with fire extinguishing medium. Each fire extinguishing capsule 31 is provided with a pressure rupture membrane 311 at the position facing the battery housing cavity 11. Each fire extinguishing capsule 31 is connected to the elastic airbag 232 through a pressure guiding hose 32 that passes through the vertical water baffle 22 and the heat-conducting partition 13. A one-way pressure valve is also provided on the pressure guiding hose 32.

[0069] When the sliding piston 23 slides upward to completely block the liquid inlet 212 or the liquid outlet 213, the one-way pressure valve is pressure-activated and guides the gas medium in the elastic airbag 232 into the fire extinguishing capsule 31, so as to force the pressure rupture membrane 311 to rupture under pressure and drive the fire extinguishing medium to be sprayed into the battery housing cavity 11.

[0070] It should be added that in the event of a severe collision that causes the casing to deform and damage the power battery 6, it is difficult to intervene in the fire in time to deal with the sudden damage to the battery. Especially in extreme cases where the collision causes the vehicle's power supply to fail or the system to be damaged, the protective functions inside the battery pack often fail to act properly in time, making the power battery 6 very prone to thermal runaway and escalating into a fire.

[0071] Therefore, based on the above scheme, this embodiment further constructs a purely mechanical fire extinguishing linkage structure, which cleverly uses the set elastic airbag 232 to convert the internal high-pressure gas generated when it is squeezed into the physical power to drive the spray of the fire extinguishing medium.

[0072] Specifically, when an extreme collision causes the sliding piston 23 to move upward and completely block the inlet 212 or outlet 213, the interior of the thermally conductive support cylinder 21 will transform into an incompressible hydraulic rigid state. If the chassis intrusion deformation continues to intensify, the fixed vertical baffle 22 will exert continuous mechanical compression on the elastic airbag 232 in the sliding clearance groove 231, causing the air pressure inside the airbag to rise sharply. When this air pressure reaches the preset mechanical conduction threshold of the one-way pressure valve, the high-pressure gas will break through the valve and rush into the surrounding fire extinguishing capsules 31 along the pressure guiding hose 32. The sudden increase in internal air pressure will precisely force the relatively weak pressure rupture membrane 311 to rupture in a directional manner, thereby using the purely physical air pressure difference to rapidly spray the fire extinguishing medium into the battery housing cavity 11.

[0073] Through the aforementioned linkage design, this solution does not rely on external electrical signals but directly utilizes the mechanical deformation generated by the collision as the triggering power for the fire extinguishing procedure. At the same time, the setting of the one-way pressure valve not only prevents the backflow of the fire extinguishing medium but also sets a clear pneumatic triggering threshold for the system, effectively avoiding accidental spraying caused by daily bumps or slight deformation. This ensures that the fire extinguishing medium can be forcibly intervened in the early stage when the battery pack suffers severe compression damage, thereby effectively improving the safety and reliability of the battery casing under extreme collision conditions.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments, to ensure stable encapsulation of the system under normal conditions and efficient fire extinguishing under extreme conditions, the fire extinguishing capsule 31 can be made of an insulating polymer or a lightweight thin-walled metal material with pressure resistance. The fire extinguishing medium filled inside is preferably a conventional battery pack fire extinguishing agent such as perfluorohexanone, which has both high electrical insulation and efficient heat absorption and cooling properties. Furthermore, the pressure rupture membrane 311 can be made of a metal foil or a polymer membrane with pre-formed cross-shaped grooves or localized thinning grooves on its surface. By adjusting the depth of the pre-formed grooves or the overall thickness of the membrane, the critical pressure threshold for pressure rupture can be accurately determined from a physical and mechanical perspective, achieving constant pressure directional rupture.

[0075] It should be noted that, in actual implementation, those skilled in the art can make conventional engineering selections and calibrations of the chemical composition of the fire extinguishing medium, the volume and material of the capsule, and the specific fracture stress parameters of the rupture membrane based on the fire safety level of the vehicle. These are all mature and well-known methods in the relevant fields. Furthermore, the core inventive point of this solution lies in the improvement of the battery casing structure, so the specific material and processing details will not be repeated in the specification.

[0076] Based on the above embodiments, as a further optional implementation, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the inner wall of the battery housing cavity 11 is also covered with a layer of thermally conductive silicone pad 5 that is in contact with the power battery 6. Multiple countersunk holes are also formed on the surface of the thermally conductive silicone pad 5, and the fire extinguishing capsule 31 is adapted to be installed in the countersunk holes.

[0077] In the conventional assembly process of the power battery 6, there are often unavoidable small physical assembly gaps between the bottom surface of the battery module and the inner wall of the casing. In this embodiment, by adding the thermally conductive silicone pad 5 to the inner wall of the battery housing cavity 11, the above-mentioned micro gaps can be effectively filled, and a low thermal resistance continuous conductive interface can be built between the heat-generating cell and the liquid cooling cavity below, thereby significantly improving the heat conduction efficiency under normal conditions. On the other hand, the flexibility of the silicone material itself can effectively absorb the vibration of the normal road surface during vehicle driving, providing basic flexible shock absorption support for the battery module.

[0078] Furthermore, a countersunk hole is pre-drilled in the thermally conductive silicone pad 5 and the fire extinguishing capsule 31 is embedded in it, which avoids the fire extinguishing capsule 31 protruding inward and causing mechanical interference with the battery module, ensuring the assembly requirements of high space utilization inside the battery pack. Secondly, the flexible sidewall of the countersunk hole plays a natural surrounding physical isolation role for the fire extinguishing capsule 31, ensuring that during daily assembly and under normal bumpy conditions, the capsule body and the pressure rupture membrane 311 on its surface will not be accidentally damaged due to the pressure of the battery module's gravity or relative friction. When an extreme collision triggers the fire extinguishing mechanism, because the fire extinguishing capsule 31 is close to the surface of the power battery 6 by relying on the countersunk hole, the high-pressure sprayed fire extinguishing medium can reach the thermal runaway hazard area directly through the shortest physical path, thereby quickly reducing the risk of fire.

[0079] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

[0080] Furthermore, it should be specifically noted that the accompanying drawings are intended to schematically illustrate the basic structure and operating principle of the invention, and are not drawn to strict engineering scale. To clearly demonstrate the mating relationships of this solution, the dimensions, thicknesses, and gaps of related components in the drawings may be exaggerated or enlarged proportionally, and do not represent the actual physical dimensions of the product. Therefore, those skilled in the art, when implementing this invention, should combine the logic described in the text of the specification with the conventional tolerance requirements of existing mechanical manufacturing processes to conduct reasonable engineering design of the specific dimensions and mating relationships of each component, and should not be limited by the visual scale shown in the drawings.

[0081] Furthermore, the directional terms such as above, below, left, right, and center used in this specification are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of this invention. Any changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, shall also be considered within the scope of implementation of this invention.

Claims

1. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function, comprising an outer shell, wherein the upper part of the outer shell is open and recessed downward to form a battery housing cavity for accommodating a power battery, a cooling cavity is provided at the bottom of the battery housing cavity, and the cooling cavity and the battery housing cavity are separated by a heat-conducting partition, characterized in that, A collision guard plate is also installed at the bottom of the outer shell. There is a gap between the collision guard plate and the bottom plate of the outer shell. The interior of the cooling cavity is provided with multiple heat exchange support units. The multiple heat exchange support units are arranged in an array and form a grid-like cooling flow channel in the cooling cavity. The heat exchange support unit includes a heat-conducting support cylinder whose two ends are fixedly connected to the heat-conducting partition and the bottom plate of the outer shell, respectively; a vertical baffle plate fixedly disposed inside the heat-conducting support cylinder; and a sliding piston that can be slidably sleeved in the heat-conducting support cylinder and located below the vertical baffle plate. An inlet and an outlet are respectively opened on the outer walls on both sides of the heat-conducting support cylinder. The vertical baffle plate is located between the inlet and the outlet and extends upward to form a U-shaped heat exchange channel in the heat-conducting support cylinder. The bottom ends of the inlet and the outlet are flush with the top end of the sliding piston and are respectively connected to the cooling flow channel so that when the cooling medium flows in the cooling flow channel, it is diverted into the heat-conducting support cylinder and flows through the U-shaped heat exchange channel. The upper end face of the sliding piston is provided with a sliding clearance groove that cooperates with the vertical baffle plate. The bottom of the sliding piston is connected to a trigger rod that extends downward into the gap between the collision guard plate and the bottom plate. The trigger rod passes through the bottom plate of the outer shell and slides and seals with it. An elastic airbag is provided between the inside of the sliding clearance groove and the bottom of the vertical baffle plate. The elastic airbag is filled with a gas medium. When the sliding piston slides in the heat-conducting support cylinder, the elastic airbag is squeezed by the vertical baffle plate. Multiple fire extinguishing capsules are also provided around the inner wall of the battery housing cavity. The fire extinguishing capsules are filled with fire extinguishing medium. Each fire extinguishing capsule is provided with a pressure rupture membrane facing the battery housing cavity. Each fire extinguishing capsule is connected to the elastic airbag through a pressure guiding hose that passes through the vertical water baffle and the heat-conducting partition. A one-way pressure valve is also provided on the pressure guiding hose. When the sliding piston slides upward to completely block the inlet or outlet, the interior of the thermally conductive support cylinder transforms into an incompressible hydraulic rigid state. The fixed vertical baffle plate exerts continuous mechanical pressure on the elastic airbag in the sliding clearance groove, causing the internal air pressure to rise to the preset mechanical conduction threshold of the one-way pressure valve. The one-way pressure valve is then pressurized and conducts, guiding the gas medium in the elastic airbag into the fire extinguishing capsule, thereby forcing the pressure rupture membrane to rupture and driving the fire extinguishing medium to spray into the battery housing cavity. The pressure rupture membrane is made of metal foil or polymer membrane with pre-formed cross-shaped grooves or localized weakening grooves on its surface.

2. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple water-blocking plates are extended from both sides of the vertical water-blocking plate, and the free ends of the multiple water-blocking plates are inclined upward.

3. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the inlet and outlet are flat, elongated holes, with a circumferential opening width greater than an axial opening height.

4. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function according to claim 3, characterized in that: There is a redundant gap between the bottom end of the trigger rod and the collision guard plate, and the overhang length of the trigger rod within the gap is greater than the axial opening height of the flat elongated hole.

5. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function according to claim 3, characterized in that: A flexible pressure-sensing film is also attached to the inner wall of the thermally conductive support cylinder.

6. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer casing is also provided with a filling port and a drain port that communicate with the cooling chamber. The filling port and the drain port are connected to an external heat exchanger through a circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline is provided with a circulation pump for driving the cooling medium to flow in the cooling chamber, and the filling port and the drain port are located on opposite sides of the outer casing.

7. A new energy vehicle battery casing with heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the battery housing cavity is also covered with a layer of thermally conductive silicone pad that is in contact with the power battery. Multiple countersunk holes are also formed on the surface of the thermally conductive silicone pad, and the fire extinguishing capsule is adapted to be installed in the countersunk holes.

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