Ultra wide band pulse antenna and array applied to time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to a time domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system, and relates to the technical field of antennae, the ultra-wideband pulse antenna comprises at least one ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit, and is characterized in that the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit comprises a dielectric substrate; the pulse feed port, the balun matching section, the oval adjusting branch knot, the radiation arm gradual transition area and the parasitic radiation branch knot are printed on the dielectric substrate; wherein the pulse feed port, the balun matching section, the oval adjusting branch knot, the radiation arm gradient transition area and the parasitic radiation branch knot are cascaded in sequence, time domain response is used as a core optimization target, the excellent time domain characteristics that the group delay in an ultra-wideband is lower than 4 ns and the waveform fidelity normalization coefficient is as high as 0.8395 are achieved, pulse signal distortion is effectively restrained, and the bandwidth is improved. And the target resolution precision and the detection reliability of the time-domain anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array for use in time-domain anti-drone systems. Background Technology

[0002] In time-domain anti-drone (anti-UAV) systems, the antenna, as a key component for radiating and receiving pulse signals, directly affects the system's detection, identification, and countermeasure effectiveness. Existing ultra-wideband antenna designs mostly focus on optimizing frequency domain parameters, such as operating bandwidth, gain, radiation pattern, and radiation efficiency, while relatively little attention is paid to the time-domain characteristics that are crucial for pulse signal transmission.

[0003] Because time-domain anti-nuclear systems use carrier-free pulse modulation signals, their energy is distributed across an extremely wide frequency band. As frequency-changing devices, antennas exhibit varying transmission responses to different frequency components, easily introducing signal distortion. This distortion primarily manifests as pulse waveform broadening, oscillation, and amplitude distortion, stemming from the antenna's dispersion characteristics and group delay fluctuations. Poor antenna time-domain response directly leads to a decrease in pulse signal integrity, thereby reducing the system's ability to distinguish targets, accurately range, and effectively jam. Especially when dealing with highly maneuverable, swarmed UAV targets, antenna-induced signal distortion can severely impact the system's overall robustness and countermeasure accuracy in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0004] A search of Chinese patent application No. 202422579256.4, entitled "An Anti-UAV Antenna Structure", reveals an anti-UAV antenna that adopts a multi-band antenna fusion design. It achieves wideband coverage by combining antenna elements of multiple independent frequency bands such as 868MHz / 915MHz, 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz, and 5.8GHz, and uses orthogonal dual polarization to improve interference capability. However, this scheme is essentially a physical integration of multiple narrowband antennas, and its core design still focuses on traditional frequency domain interference. It does not optimize the time domain transmission characteristics of the antenna itself. When transmitting or receiving ultra-wideband pulse signals, the pulse waveform may be severely distorted due to the inconsistent group delay and dispersion effect of the antennas in different frequency bands, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of the time domain countermeasure system. The Chinese patent application with application number 202422579234.8 and invention title "Positive and negative 45 degree orthogonal dual polarization cross anti-drone antenna structure" further optimizes the structural layout and integration of multi-band antennas, but its technical path is also limited to the coverage and suppression of specific communication frequency bands. It fails to fundamentally solve the problem of high-fidelity transmission of pulse signals in the ultra-wide spectrum range. When dealing with new anti-drone systems based on time domain modulation and spectrum independence, the inherent frequency domain selectivity of its antennas will become a bottleneck for improving system performance.

[0005] In addition, existing ultra-wideband antennas often fall short in terms of lightweight design, modular rapid assembly, and integrated design with other RF front-ends when deployed in vehicles, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high mobility and reconfigurability without a platform. Most antenna designs also fail to fully balance wideband coverage and time-domain fidelity performance, resulting in limited performance in actual pulse operation mode.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array for time-domain anti-drone systems. With optimized time-domain response as its core, it significantly reduces dispersion effects, suppresses group delay fluctuations, and improves waveform fidelity while ensuring wideband radiation performance. It also achieves modular rapid deployment, lightweight design, and high radiation efficiency, providing a high-performance and highly reliable antenna solution for vehicle-mounted time-domain anti-drone systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the signal distortion problem caused by dispersion and group delay fluctuations in traditional ultra-wideband antennas under pulse mode, while meeting the high mobility and reconfigurable deployment requirements of vehicle-mounted platforms, and to propose an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array for use in time-domain anti-UAV systems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technology: an ultra-wideband pulse antenna applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system, comprising at least one ultra-wideband pulse antenna element, characterized in that the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element comprises: Dielectric substrate; Pulse feed port, balun matching section, elliptical adjustment stub, radiating arm gradient transition region and parasitic radiating stub printed on dielectric substrate; The pulsed feed port, balun matching section, elliptical adjustment stub, radiating arm gradient transition region and parasitic radiating stub are cascaded in sequence. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit adopts a dual-polarization design, with an operating frequency band of 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2, and an isolation between dual-polarization ports better than -40dB. The group delay of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element is less than 4ns within the operating frequency band, and the waveform fidelity normalization coefficient is not less than 0.8395.

[0009] As a further description of an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system, the above-mentioned technology is described as follows: the balun matching section is used to achieve impedance matching between the pulse feed port and the radiating arm gradient transition region; the elliptical adjustment stub is disposed between the balun matching section and the radiating arm gradient transition region to smooth the impedance transition and extend the operating frequency band.

[0010] As a further description of an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system, the parasitic radiating stubs are disposed on the radiating arm's gradient transition region to suppress cross-polarization components and control the radiation pattern, so that the half-power beamwidth of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element is greater than 46° and the cross-polarization ratio is less than -25dB.

[0011] As a further description of the above-mentioned technology applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system, the ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array have high power tolerance and can withstand pulse high voltage of not less than 20kV without breakdown under standard atmospheric conditions; the mass of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element is less than 500g, and it adopts a modular configuration to support plug-and-play.

[0012] An ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for use in a time-domain anti-UAV system includes multiple ultra-wideband pulse antenna elements, and: A pulse drive and feed network, connected to the pulse feed port of each ultra-wideband pulse antenna element, is used to distribute the high-voltage short pulse signal generated by the pulse source to each ultra-wideband pulse antenna element with a specific amplitude and phase relationship. The array configuration management module is used to manage and reconfigure the electrical performance of a distributed array composed of multiple ultra-wideband pulse antenna elements arranged at a preset spacing, according to task requirements.

[0013] As a further description of the above-mentioned technology applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system, an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array: the pulse drive and feeding network has impedance matching and time delay consistency for ultra-wideband signal transmission, which is used to ensure the synchronization of the array's transmitted pulse wavefront.

[0014] As a further description of the above-mentioned technology applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system, the ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array: the array configuration management module realizes beam scanning, beamforming or focusing functions through the coordinated control of the pulse drive and feeding network and the array configuration, and directionally radiates time-domain pulse energy to a predetermined airspace.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technology, the beneficial effects of this invention in an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system are: 1. This invention takes time-domain response as the core optimization target. Through the coordinated design of balun matching segment, elliptical adjustment stub and radial arm gradual transition region, it achieves excellent time-domain characteristics with an intraband group delay of less than 4ns and a waveform fidelity normalization coefficient as high as 0.8395. It effectively suppresses pulse signal distortion and significantly improves the target resolution accuracy and detection reliability of time-domain anti-UAV system.

[0016] 2. Through structural optimization, this invention achieves excellent performance in the wide bandwidth of 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz for the antenna dual-polarization port, with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤2, dual-polarization port isolation better than -40dB, cross-polarization ratio lower than -25dB, and beamwidth greater than 46°. It also takes into account wide bandwidth coverage, high polarization purity, and stable radiation pattern, providing hardware support for complex pulse modulation and polarization diversity strategies.

[0017] 3. The antenna unit and pulse source of this invention adopt an integrated collaborative design, with energy conversion and radiation efficiency reaching over 90%, effectively improving the system's energy efficiency ratio. Furthermore, through the adoption of a high power tolerance design, it can withstand pulse high voltage of no less than 20kV. The weight of a single antenna unit is less than 500g, and it adopts a modular plug-and-play configuration. Combined with the beam scanning, shaping, and focusing capabilities of the array configuration management module, it achieves a unified approach of lightweight design, rapid deployment, and flexible beam control, perfectly adapting to vehicle-mounted high-mobility platform applications. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the S-parameters of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is the 3D radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element at 0.8 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is the 3D radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element at 2GHz in this embodiment of the invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is the 3D radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element at 3.5 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the group delay of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a waveform fidelity simulation diagram of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the markings of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit at different key locations in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the voltage value at port ① of the pulse anti-antenna position in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the port voltage value at position ② of the pulse anti-antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage value at port ③ of the pulse anti-antenna position in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage value at port ④ of the pulse anti-antenna position in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage value at port ⑤ of the pulse anti-antenna position in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals: 1. Dielectric substrate; 2. Pulse feed port; 3. Balun matching section; 4. Elliptical adjustment stub; 5. Radiation arm gradient transition region; 6. Parasitic radiation stub. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following will describe, with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, a clear and complete description of an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1: Ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit for a time-domain anti-UAV system. The antenna unit includes a dielectric substrate 1, and a pulse feed port 2, a balun matching section 3, an elliptical adjustment stub 4, a radiating arm gradient transition region 5, and a parasitic radiating stub 6 printed on the dielectric substrate 1. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of a low-loss microwave composite material, and its dielectric constant and thickness are optimized to support the entire circuit structure and ensure the transmission characteristics of the ultra-wideband signal. The pulse feed port 2 is located in the edge region of the dielectric substrate 1 and is used to connect to an external feed network to input pulse signals. The mass of a single antenna unit is less than 500g. At the same time, the pulse feed port 2 adopts a standardized plug-and-play interface, which enables the antenna unit to have a modular configuration and support rapid replacement and expansion.

[0035] Furthermore, one end of the balun matching section 3 is connected to the pulse feed port 2, and the other end is connected to the elliptical adjustment stub 4. The balun matching section 3 adopts a tapered microstrip line structure to realize the impedance transformation between the unbalanced feed port and the balanced radiation structure, smoothly transitioning the port impedance (typically 50Ω) to the impedance value required by the radiation arm, thereby maintaining low standing wave characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0036] Furthermore, the elliptical adjustment stub 4 is positioned between the balun matching section 3 and the radiating arm gradient transition region 5. This elliptical structure optimizes the ratio of the major and minor axes of the ellipse to form a multi-resonance adjustment mechanism, which is used to further smooth the impedance transition curve and compensate for the reactance component in the high-frequency band, thereby effectively extending the operating frequency band of the antenna. In use, the elliptical adjustment stub 4 and the balun matching section 3 work together to jointly construct a wideband impedance matching network.

[0037] Furthermore, the gradient transition region 5 of the radiating arm is the main radiating structure of the antenna. It adopts an exponential or linear gradient profile design to efficiently convert the guided wave into a space radiated wave. The gradient profile of the radiating arm is optimized so that the current distribution flows smoothly along the radiating arm, suppressing high-order mode excitation and ensuring the stability of the radiation pattern in a wide frequency band.

[0038] Furthermore, parasitic radiating stubs 6 are disposed on both sides or at specific locations of the gradient transition region 5 of the radiating arm, forming a tightly coupled structure with the main radiating arm. These parasitic stubs are used to regulate the current distribution of the radiating aperture, suppress the generation of cross-polarization components, and shape the radiation pattern. By optimizing the length, width, and spacing of the parasitic stubs 6 with the main radiating arm, the antenna element maintains stable directional radiation characteristics within the operating frequency band.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, the antenna unit adopts a dual-polarization design, that is, two sets of the above-mentioned cascaded structures are orthogonally arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, corresponding to the vertical polarization and horizontal polarization channels respectively. The two sets of structures share the same dielectric substrate 1, and the high isolation between channels is ensured by optimizing the layout.

[0040] Among them, such as Figure 2 The figure shows the S-parameter curves of the antenna element in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna element is ≤2 (corresponding to S11 and S22 ≤ -10dB) in the entire operating frequency band from 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz. The isolation between the dual polarization ports, S21 and S12, is better than -40dB, indicating that the antenna has excellent impedance matching performance and polarization isolation.

[0041] Among them, such as Figures 3-5The figures show the 3D radiation patterns of the antenna element in this embodiment at 0.8 GHz, 2 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. Simulation results show that the half-power beamwidth of the antenna at each frequency is greater than 46° and the cross-polarization ratio is less than -25 dB, indicating that the antenna has good directional radiation capability and polarization purity. In use, the gradient transition region 5 of the radiating arm and the parasitic radiating stub 6 work together to ensure the stability of the radiation pattern in the wide bandwidth.

[0042] Among them, such as Figure 6 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of the antenna element in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is basically maintained above 90% throughout the entire operating frequency band, which reflects its efficient energy conversion capability.

[0043] Among them, such as Figure 7 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the group delay of the antenna element in this embodiment. The group delay reflects the relative time delay of different frequency components of the signal when they pass through the antenna system. As can be seen from the figure, within the operating frequency band, except for a few frequency points, the group delay fluctuation of the antenna is controlled within 4ns, indicating that the antenna has extremely low dispersion characteristics, which is the key to ensuring low distortion of the pulse signal. In use, the coordinated design of the balun matching section 3 and the elliptical adjustment stub 4 ensures the stability of the group delay.

[0044] Among them, such as Figure 8 The figure shows a simulation diagram of the waveform fidelity of the antenna element in this embodiment. The figure is a cross-correlation function curve of the input excitation pulse and the radiated far-field received pulse. By calculating the normalized cross-correlation peak value of the two, the waveform fidelity normalization coefficient of the antenna element in this embodiment is obtained as 0.8395. This high numerical value quantitatively proves that the antenna can maintain the waveform shape of the original pulse to the maximum extent when radiating ultra-wideband pulses, thus ensuring the time-domain integrity of the signal.

[0045] Among them, such as Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the markings of the antenna element at different key locations in this embodiment. Figures 10-14 The simulation diagrams for the port voltage values ​​at positions ①-⑤ are shown respectively. The simulation results show that when a 20kV high-voltage pulse excitation is applied, the electric field strength at all key points on the antenna structure is lower than the air breakdown threshold (corresponding to the maximum breakdown voltage value of 32kV in the figure). This proves that the antenna structure can withstand a 20kV pulse high voltage without breakdown discharge, thus meeting the application requirements of high-power pulse transmission.

[0046] Based on the aforementioned characteristics of high time-domain fidelity, large power capacity, lightweight modularity, the antenna unit of this embodiment is particularly suitable for constituting the radiating front end of a vehicle-mounted time-domain anti-UAV system. When the system transmits a carrier-free pulse modulation signal (typically with a pulse width in the nanosecond or sub-nanosecond range), the antenna unit can maintain the integrity of the pulse waveform to the greatest extent. After the impedance matching is optimized by the balun matching section 3 and the elliptical adjustment stub 4, the signal is efficiently radiated into space by the radiating arm gradient transition region 5 and the parasitic radiating stub 6, ensuring the accuracy of UAV target detection and identification.

[0047] Example 2: Ultra-wideband pulse antenna array like Figures 1-14 As shown, the present invention also provides an ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for a time-domain anti-UAV system. The array includes multiple ultra-wideband pulse antenna elements as in Embodiment 1 (each element includes a dielectric substrate 1, a pulse feed port 2, a balun matching section 3, an elliptical adjustment stub 4, a radiating arm gradient transition region 5, and a parasitic radiating stub 6), as well as a pulse drive and feed network and an array configuration management module. Multiple ultra-wideband pulse antenna elements are arranged according to a preset row and column spacing to form a distributed area array or linear array. The element spacing is optimized based on the half wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency in the operating frequency band to balance array gain and grating lobe suppression requirements.

[0048] (I) Pulse drive and power supply network The pulse drive and feed network is connected to the pulse feed port 2 of each ultra-wideband pulse antenna element. This network includes a power divider, an adjustable attenuator, an adjustable phase shifter, and necessary impedance matching circuitry.

[0049] In use, the high-voltage short pulse signal generated by the pulse source is first input to the pulse drive and feed network. The power divider inside the network divides one input signal into multiple signals with equal amplitude or according to a specific ratio, corresponding to each antenna element. The adjustable attenuator is used to adjust the signal amplitude of each channel, and the adjustable phase shifter is used to adjust the signal phase of each channel.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment, a broadband impedance matching structure is specially designed for the pulse drive and feeding network to ensure consistent transmission characteristics in each channel and across the entire operating frequency band of 0.8GHz-3.5GHz, taking into account the characteristics of ultra-wideband pulse signals. At the same time, the network ensures high consistency of transmission delay between channels through precise transmission line length control and delay equalization circuits, i.e., it has "delay consistency". This characteristic is used to ensure the synchronization of the pulse wavefront transmitted by the array and avoid pulse waveform broadening or distortion caused by channel delay differences.

[0051] (ii) Array configuration management module The array configuration management module is the control core of the array, used to manage and reconfigure the electrical performance of the distributed array according to task requirements. This module includes a wave controller computer, a storage unit, and supporting control interface circuits.

[0052] When in use, the array configuration management module manages and reconfigures the array through the following mechanisms: 1. Beam pointing control (beam scanning): The array configuration management module receives external commands (such as target azimuth angle). The internal beam control computer calculates the required compensation phase value for each antenna element according to the preset beam scanning algorithm. The specific calculation formula is: Δφ=(2π / λ)×d×sinθ, where Δφ is the phase difference between adjacent elements, λ is the operating wavelength, d is the element spacing, and θ is the target scanning angle. For ultra-wideband pulse signals, due to the extremely wide operating bandwidth, phase compensation at a single frequency cannot meet the full-band requirements. Therefore, in this embodiment, a phase shifter and true delay unit collaborative control strategy is adopted: for in-band high-frequency components, phase compensation is mainly achieved by phase shifters; for low-frequency components and the envelope delay of wideband pulses, compensation is performed by true delay units to eliminate beam spatial dispersion and waveform temporal dispersion. The beam control computer writes the calculated phase value and delay value into the phase shifter and delay unit of each channel respectively to complete the rapid reconstruction of beam pointing. When the vehicle platform is dealing with highly mobile targets, this module can achieve millisecond-level beam pointing update.

[0053] 2. Beamforming control: When it is necessary to enhance the energy of a specific airspace (such as a key defense area) or to create nulls in the direction of interference, the array configuration management module calls the beamforming algorithm. The module stores a preset beamforming weight codebook internally, or calculates the optimal weights in real time through adaptive algorithms (such as the minimum mean square error algorithm or the linear constraint minimum variance algorithm). The beam control computer writes the amplitude and phase weights into the adjustable attenuators and phase shifters of each channel, changing the aperture field distribution of the array, thereby achieving beamforming of the radiation pattern. For example, when dealing with drone swarms, beamforming can be used to form a wide beam to cover a wide airspace; when accurately tracking a single target, beamforming can be used to form a narrow beam with high gain pointing.

[0054] 3. Beam focusing control: When energy needs to be concentrated on a point target at a specific distance and azimuth, the array configuration management module performs beam focusing control. Unlike far-field beam scanning, focusing requires the introduction of a range-dependent curvature phase term in phase compensation. The beam control computer calculates the spatial time delay difference of each element relative to the focal point based on the target distance R, azimuth angle θ, and elevation angle φ, thereby determining the required phase and delay compensation values ​​for each channel. By precisely controlling the amplitude and phase excitation of each channel, the pulse signals radiated by each element are superimposed in phase at the focal point, forming a high-energy-density focused field for strong electromagnetic pulse countermeasures against specific UAV targets.

[0055] 4. Dynamic configuration reconfiguration: To address the high mobility and multi-tasking characteristics of vehicle-mounted platforms, the array configuration management module supports dynamic configuration reconfiguration. When the task requirement switches from wide-area search to precise tracking, the module can dynamically adjust the number of participating elements, the effective array aperture, and the subarray division method. For example, in wide-area search mode, all elements can be activated to form a large-aperture array to obtain high gain; in fast scan mode, only some elements can be activated to form a sparse array to improve beam switching speed. The module's internal storage unit pre-stores configuration parameters corresponding to various working modes, supporting one-click fast switching.

[0056] Through the coordinated control of the aforementioned feed network and array configuration, the ultra-wideband pulse antenna array can achieve flexible beam scanning, beamforming, or focusing functions, directionally radiating high-fidelity time-domain pulse energy to a predetermined airspace, achieving wide-area coverage of UAV swarms or precise time-domain countermeasures against specific targets. In use, the gradient transition region 5 of the radiating arm of each unit and the parasitic radiating stubs 6 work together to ensure the stability of directional radiation, while the consistency of the pulse drive and the feed network's time delay ensures the synchronization of the array's transmitted pulse wavefront, avoiding pulse signal distortion.

[0057] Specifically, based on the above array structure and control mechanism, the ultra-wideband pulse antenna array of this embodiment can give full play to its technical advantages when deployed on a vehicle platform. Since the antenna unit adopts a lightweight modular configuration, the distributed array composed of multiple units can well adapt to the load requirements and space constraints of the vehicle platform. The array configuration management module realizes rapid beam scanning and shaping through real-time beam control. The dielectric substrate 1, parasitic radiating branches 6 and other structures of each unit work together to ensure radiation stability under high mobility platforms.

[0058] In actual counter-drone missions, the array operates as follows: the high-voltage short pulse signal generated by the pulse source is distributed to each antenna element via the pulse drive and feeding network. In receiving mode, the pulse echo reflected by the target is received by the antenna array, amplified and filtered by the receiving front end, and then sent to the signal processing unit for target detection, identification, and positioning. When the vehicle encounters a drone swarm threat while in motion, the array configuration management module can quickly reconstruct the beam pointing according to the target's azimuth (i.e., perform the beam scanning or shaping control mentioned above) to alternately track or monitor multiple incoming targets over a wide area. When locking onto a high-value target, the module can switch to focusing mode and concentrate the pulse energy at the target position through precise amplitude and phase control to implement precise countermeasures.

[0059] Working principle of the invention: The high-voltage short pulse signal generated by the pulse source is distributed to each antenna element through the pulse drive and feeding network. The signal is input through the pulse feed port 2 and the impedance transformation from unbalanced transmission to balanced radiation is achieved through the balun matching section 3. The impedance transition is further smoothed and the operating frequency band is extended through the elliptical adjustment stub 4. Finally, the guided wave is converted into a space radiation wave by the radiating arm gradient transition region 5. The parasitic radiation stub 6 regulates the current distribution of the radiation aperture through coupling, suppresses cross-polarization components, and ensures the stability of the radiation pattern. When multiple elements form an array, the array configuration management module achieves beam scanning, shaping, and focusing by precisely controlling the amplitude, phase, and time delay of each channel. It directionally radiates high-fidelity time-domain pulse energy to the target airspace, completing the detection, identification, and countermeasure against UAV targets.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or modification made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the present invention's technology, to an ultra-wideband pulse antenna and array applied to a time-domain anti-UAV system and its inventive concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband pulse antenna for use in a time-domain anti-UAV system, comprising at least one ultra-wideband pulse antenna element, characterized in that, The ultra-wideband pulse antenna element includes: Dielectric substrate (1); The pulse feed port (2), balun matching section (3), elliptical adjustment stub (4), radiating arm gradient transition region (5), and parasitic radiating stub (6) are printed on the dielectric substrate (1). Among them, the pulse feed port (2), balun matching section (3), elliptical adjustment stub (4), radiating arm gradual transition zone (5) and parasitic radiating stub (6) are cascaded in sequence; The ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit adopts a dual-polarization design, with an operating frequency band of 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2, and an isolation between dual-polarization ports better than -40dB. The group delay of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element is less than 4ns within the operating frequency band, and the waveform fidelity normalization coefficient is not less than 0.8395.

2. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna for a time-domain anti-UAV system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The balun matching section (3) is used to achieve impedance matching between the pulse feed port (2) and the radiating arm gradient transition region (5); the elliptical adjustment stub (4) is set between the balun matching section (3) and the radiating arm gradient transition region (5) to smooth the impedance transition and extend the operating frequency band.

3. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna for a time-domain anti-UAV system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parasitic radiating stub (6) is disposed on the radiating arm gradient transition region (5) to suppress cross-polarization components and control the radiation pattern, so that the half-power beamwidth of the ultra-wideband pulse antenna element is greater than 46° and the cross-polarization ratio is less than -25dB.

4. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna for a time-domain anti-UAV system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit has high power tolerance and can withstand pulse high voltage of not less than 20kV under standard atmospheric conditions without breakdown; the ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit weighs less than 500g and adopts a modular configuration to support plug and play.

5. An ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for use in a time-domain anti-UAV system, characterized in that, Includes multiple ultra-wideband pulse antenna elements as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and: A pulse drive and feed network is connected to the pulse feed port (2) of each ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit, which is used to distribute the high-voltage short pulse signal generated by the pulse source to each ultra-wideband pulse antenna unit with a specific amplitude and phase relationship. The array configuration management module is used to manage and reconfigure the electrical performance of a distributed array composed of multiple ultra-wideband pulse antenna elements arranged at a preset spacing, according to task requirements.

6. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for a time-domain anti-UAV system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pulse drive and feed network have impedance matching and time delay consistency for ultra-wideband signal transmission, which is used to ensure the synchronization of the array's transmitted pulse wavefront.

7. The ultra-wideband pulse antenna array for a time-domain anti-UAV system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The array configuration management module achieves beam scanning, beamforming, or focusing functions through the coordinated control of the pulse drive and feed network with the array configuration, directionally radiating time-domain pulse energy to a predetermined spatial domain.

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