Glass substrate module arranged on vehicle

Abstract

The glass substrate module may include: a first glass substrate; a second glass substrate formed by being laminated on the first glass substrate; an antenna pattern formed on a first surface of the first glass substrate; an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure which is formed between the second surface of the first glass substrate and the first surface of the second glass substrate, and which is provided between the first surface of the first glass substrate and the second surface of the second glass substrate; and a PRS (partial reflection surface) structure which is formed on the second surface of the second glass substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to glass substrate modules configured in vehicles. Specific embodiments involve glass substrate modules including transparent antennas in vehicle glass. Other embodiments involve flexible printed circuit boards configured in vehicle glass and comprising multiple layers. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicles can wirelessly communicate with other vehicles, surrounding objects, infrastructure, or base stations. This can be achieved through wireless communication systems employing LTE or 5G technologies, providing a variety of communication services. Alternatively, a portion of the LTE frequency band can be allocated for providing 5G communication services.

[0003] On the other hand, the vehicle body and roof are made of metal, which poses a problem of radio wave shielding. Therefore, an additional antenna structure can be installed on the upper part of the vehicle body or roof. Alternatively, when the antenna structure is installed on the lower part of the vehicle body or roof, the portion of the vehicle body or roof corresponding to the antenna installation area can be made of a non-metallic material.

[0004] However, from a design perspective, the vehicle body or roof needs to be formed as a single piece. In this case, the exterior of the vehicle body or roof can be made of metal. This presents a problem where antenna efficiency may decrease significantly due to the vehicle body or roof being constructed as a single unit.

[0005] Regarding this issue, in order to increase communication capacity without changing the vehicle's exterior design, transparent antennas can be mounted on glass, which is equivalent to a vehicle window. However, due to the electrical loss of transparent antennas, there are problems with the degradation of antenna radiation efficiency and impedance bandwidth characteristics.

[0006] On the other hand, antennas of a different type can be configured alongside transparent antennas on vehicle glass. In this regard, transparent antennas can be designed to radiate multiple signals in the 4G / 5G wireless communication frequency bands. Antennas of a different type can be formed from thin-film materials. Thin-film antennas can be designed to radiate multiple signals in the Wi-Fi frequency bands (2.4GHz, 5GHz, 7GHz).

[0007] Regarding this, thin-film antennas can be configured adjacent to or on the same layer as transparent antennas. In the 2.4GHz band of Wi-Fi, which has a long wavelength, interference may occur between the thin-film antenna and the transparent electrodes forming the transparent antenna. This interference can lead to beam distortion.

[0008] On the other hand, when antenna modules are installed on vehicle windows, depending on the tilt angle of the window, the beam peaks of the radiation patterns from multiple antenna elements may form in other directions instead of the horizontal direction of the vehicle. Therefore, when antenna modules are installed on vehicle windows, there is a problem of degraded communication performance in the horizontal direction. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical problems to be solved

[0010] The purpose of this manual is to prevent a decrease in horizontal communication performance when antenna modules are installed on vehicle windows.

[0011] The purpose of this manual is to change the direction of the beam pattern of the horizontal antenna element when an antenna module is installed on a vehicle glass.

[0012] The purpose of this specification is to reduce the feed loss of thin-film antennas, thereby improving communication performance.

[0013] The purpose of this specification is to reduce interference between multiple antennas in a glass substrate module that includes a transparent antenna in a vehicle window.

[0014] The purpose of this specification is to prevent beam distortion caused by interference between the thin-film antenna and the transparent electrodes forming the transparent antenna.

[0015] means of solving technical problems

[0016] A glass substrate module according to one embodiment of this specification for achieving the above or other purposes may include: a first glass substrate; a second glass substrate formed by stacking it on the first glass substrate; an antenna pattern formed on a first surface of the first glass substrate; an AMC (artificial magnetic conductor) structure formed between a second surface of the first glass substrate and a first surface of the second glass substrate; and a PRS (partial reflector surface) structure formed on a second surface of the second glass substrate.

[0017] As an example, the glass substrate module may further include a reflector formed on a first surface of the first glass substrate and in the region facing the AMC structure.

[0018] As an example, the PRS structure described above can be configured to reflect a portion of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern while allowing the remaining portion of the signal to pass through. The transmission angle of the signal passing through the PRS structure is configured to be different from the incident angle of the signal. By adjusting the transmission angle, the direction of the wavefront of the signal passing through the PRS structure can be steered. The AMC structure described above can be configured to reflect the signal that has been reflected by the PRS structure and then incident upon it, allowing the signal to re-enter the PRS structure.

[0019] As an example, the reflector may include: a first reflector, which is separately configured from one end of the antenna pattern; and a second reflector, which is separately configured from the other end of the antenna pattern.

[0020] As an example, the interval between the reflector and the third antenna pattern portion on which the antenna pattern is formed can be set to at least 0.03 times the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the WiFi band.

[0021] As an example, the AMC structure described above may include a first AMC structure formed in the region facing the first reflector and a second AMC structure formed in the region facing the second reflector.

[0022] As an example, the antenna pattern can be configured in a region having a first width along the X-axis and a first length along the Y-axis. The PRS structure can include multiple PRS patterns, which are arranged parallel to each other along the X-axis in a region having a second width along the X-axis and the first length along the Y-axis. The multiple PRS patterns can include multiple first PRS patterns configured separately from one end of the antenna pattern and multiple second PRS patterns configured separately from the other end of the antenna pattern.

[0023] According to another embodiment of this specification, a flexible printed circuit board composed of multiple layers may include: a first antenna connection portion and a second antenna connection portion connecting a first antenna pattern portion and a second antenna pattern portion, wherein the first antenna pattern portion and the second antenna pattern portion are formed on a transparent substrate located between a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate; an antenna pattern formed on a first surface of the first glass substrate; a first metal structure formed between a second surface of the first glass substrate and a first surface of the second glass substrate; and a second metal structure formed on a second surface of the second glass substrate.

[0024] As an example, the flexible printed circuit board may further include a third metal structure formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate and in the region facing the AMC structure.

[0025] Invention Effects

[0026] The technical effects of this glass substrate module, which includes a transparent antenna in vehicle glass, and the flexible circuit board comprising multiple layers are explained below.

[0027] According to this manual, when an antenna module is installed on a vehicle glass, multiple metal structures are arranged adjacent to the antenna element to change the beam pattern to an optimal state, thereby improving communication performance.

[0028] According to this specification, when an antenna module is installed on a vehicle glass, multiple metal structures are arranged adjacent to the antenna element, thereby allowing the direction of the beam pattern of the antenna element to be changed in the horizontal direction.

[0029] According to this specification, the thin-film antenna is formed into an on-glass structure, and the feed loss is reduced by slot coupling feed, thereby improving communication performance.

[0030] According to this specification, in a glass substrate module including a transparent antenna for a vehicle glass, a thin-film antenna and multiple metal structures are formed on a flexible circuit substrate, thereby reducing interference between multiple antennas.

[0031] According to this specification, a thin-film antenna and multiple metal structures are formed on a flexible circuit board, thereby preventing beam distortion caused by interference between the thin-film antenna and the transparent electrodes forming the transparent antenna.

[0032] The following detailed description will make it clear that other aspects of this specification can be applied. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of this specification, and therefore the detailed description and specific embodiments, such as preferred embodiments, should be considered as examples. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of this specification.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a vehicle structure diagram based on an embodiment of this specification.

[0035] Figure 3 A perspective view of a vehicle glass that can be combined with or attached to a vehicle frame is shown.

[0036] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the glass and the vehicle frame combined.

[0037] Figure 5 The antenna assembly and connector structure are shown in the transparent and non-transparent areas of the vehicle glass.

[0038] Figure 6 The diagram shows the antenna radiation pattern under the structure of antenna modules configured in the front and side windows of a vehicle.

[0039] Figure 7 A front view of a glass substrate module configured with a transparent antenna module and an antenna pattern operating in the WiFi band is shown.

[0040] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a glass substrate module having multiple metal structures formed according to this specification to achieve the redirection of a beam pattern radiated from an antenna pattern is shown.

[0041] Figure 9 The radiation pattern of the antenna pattern operating in multiple WiFi frequency bands is shown.

[0042] Figure 10 A front view of the AMC structure of the glass substrate module according to this specification and a perspective view of the glass substrate with the AMC structure configured are shown.

[0043] Figure 11 The reflection loss phase values ​​of the AMC structure of the glass substrate module according to this specification are shown.

[0044] Figure 12 A front view of a PRS structure configured in a manner that does not overlap or overlaps with the antenna pattern according to an embodiment is shown.

[0045] Figure 13 This illustrates the integration of a flexible circuit board with... Figure 7 The structure of the glass substrate module.

[0046] Figure 14 It shows having Figure 10 Front view of the glass substrate module with AMC structure.

[0047] Figure 15 It shows having Figure 12 (a) A three-dimensional view of the glass substrate module with PRS structure.

[0048] Figure 16a as well as Figure 16b A perspective view is shown of a glass substrate module according to this specification, in which multiple reflectors are arranged adjacent to an antenna pattern.

[0049] Figure 17This is an enlarged view of a flexible circuit board with reflectors formed on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern.

[0050] Figure 18 A perspective view is shown of an AMC structure configured adjacent to a layer different from the antenna pattern in a glass substrate module, according to this specification.

[0051] Figure 19 This is an enlarged view of a flexible circuit board with an AMC structure configured adjacent to the feed pattern and reflectors formed on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern.

[0052] Figure 20 A perspective view is shown of a PRS structure configured in a glass substrate module on a layer different from the antenna pattern, according to this specification.

[0053] Figure 21 A front view of a glass substrate module in which the AMC structure is formed only on one side of the antenna pattern is shown.

[0054] Figure 22 The radiation pattern is shown depending on the presence or absence of the AMC structure.

[0055] Figure 23 It is a diagram comparing radiation patterns in the WiFi band based on the presence or absence of an AMC structure. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The embodiments disclosed in this specification will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or similar constituent elements will be assigned the same reference numerals regardless of the drawing numbers, and repeated descriptions of these elements will be omitted. The suffixes "module" and "part" used for constituent elements in the following description are added or used interchangeably for ease of writing and do not inherently differ in meaning or function. Furthermore, in describing the embodiments disclosed in this specification, detailed descriptions of related well-known technologies are omitted when it is determined that such descriptions may obscure the spirit of the embodiments disclosed in this specification. The accompanying drawings are only for aiding understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification; the technical ideas disclosed in this specification are not limited to the drawings and should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions within the scope of the ideas and techniques contained in this specification.

[0057] Terms such as "first," "second," etc., which include ordinal numbers, can be used to describe various constituent elements, but multiple constituent elements are not limited to multiple terms. Multiple terms are used only to distinguish one constituent element from other constituent elements.

[0058] When a constituent element is described as being "connected" or "joined" with other constituent elements, it can be directly connected or joined to the other constituent elements, but it should also be understood that other constituent elements may exist in between. Conversely, when a constituent element is described as being "directly connected" or "directly joined" with other constituent elements, it should be understood that no other constituent elements exist in between.

[0059] The singular can include the plural unless there is a clearly different meaning in the context.

[0060] In this application, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are used to specify the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, constituent elements, components or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should not be construed as excluding the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features or numbers, steps, actions, constituent elements, components or combinations thereof.

[0061] The transparent antenna module according to this specification and the method of manufacturing the module will be described in detail below. Regarding this, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of this specification.

[0062] Reference Figure 1 Vehicle 1 may be equipped with at least one communication antenna. Vehicle 1 may use the communication antenna to transmit and / or receive signals in various frequency bands. Vehicle 1 may perform V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure), V2P (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian), V2N (Vehicle-to-Network) and other communications.

[0063] The antenna described above can be constructed from a substrate made of a material such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and an antenna pattern formed on the substrate. For example, the antenna can be a transparent antenna.

[0064] The antenna described above can be configured on the dielectric of vehicle 1. The antenna can also be configured on the glass of vehicle 1. The antenna can be attached to or affixed to the windshield 101, door windows 102, 103, triangular window 104, rear windshield (not shown), rearview mirror (not shown), sunroof 105, or headlight glass 106. For example, the antenna can be a transparent antenna.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a vehicle structure diagram according to an embodiment of this specification. (Refer to...) Figure 2Vehicle 1 may include an object detection device 410, a communication device 420, a user interface device 431, a driving operation device 432, a vehicle drive device 433, a driving system 434, a navigation system 435, a sensing unit 436, an interface unit 437, a memory 438, a power supply unit 439, and / or a control unit 440. In contrast, besides the above-described configuration, vehicle 1 may also include other structures or may omit some of the aforementioned structures.

[0066] The object detection device 410 can be a device for detecting objects located outside the vehicle 1. For example, the object detection device 410 may include a processor 411, a camera 412, a radar 413, a lidar 414, an ultrasonic sensor 415, and / or an infrared sensor 416.

[0067] The communication device 420 can be a device for communicating with external devices. The communication device 420 may include at least one of a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, an RF (Radio Frequency) circuit capable of implementing various communication protocols, or an RF element for communication. For example, the communication device 420 may include a processor 421, a short-range communication unit 422, a location information unit 423, a V2X communication unit 424, an optical communication unit 425, a broadcast transceiver unit 426, and / or an ITS communication unit 427.

[0068] User interface device 431 can be a device for interaction between vehicle 1 and user. Vehicle 1 can implement UI (User Interface) or UX (User Experience) through user interface device 431.

[0069] The driving control device 432 may be a device for receiving user input for driving. The vehicle drive unit 433 may be a device for electrically controlling the drive of various devices within the vehicle 1. The driving system 434 may be a system for controlling various driving actions of the vehicle 1. The navigation system 435 may provide navigation information. The sensing unit 436 may sense the status of the vehicle 1.

[0070] The interface unit 437 serves as a channel for communication with various external devices connected to the vehicle 1. The memory 438 stores basic data for the vehicle 1 unit, control data for the control unit's operation, input / output data, etc. The power supply unit 439 supplies power to each component element required for operation. The control unit 440 controls the overall operation of each unit within the vehicle 1. The control unit 440 can be implemented via an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and / or a TCU (Telematics Control Unit).

[0071] On the other hand, the vehicle glass with the transparent antenna module formed according to this specification can be integrated with the vehicle frame. Regarding this, Figure 3 A perspective view of a vehicle glass that can be combined with or attached to a vehicle frame is shown. Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the glass and the vehicle frame combined.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 Glass 10 and 10' can be bonded to or attached to the vehicle frame 9, and can cover the opening 9h of the frame 9. For example, glass 10 and 10' can be... Figure 1 The windshield 101, door windows 102, 103, triangular window 104, rear windshield, rearview mirror, sunroof 105, or headlight glass 106, etc., are all vehicle glass.

[0073] The groove 9g of the frame 9 can extend along the edges of the glass 10, 10', defining the boundary of the opening 9h. For example, the frame 9 can be made of metal, and sealant 7 can be filled between the groove 9g and the glass 10, 10'. The groove 9g can be formed to create a height difference with the inner boundary of the frame 9. The glass 10 with an opaque area 12 can be configured in the groove 9g, which is formed to create a height difference with the inner end of the frame 9. Because the groove 9g is configured in the glass 10, the height difference of the groove 9g can be perceived as non-existent from the outside of the vehicle.

[0074] Antenna 20 can be located on one side of glass 10 or inside glass 10. Antenna 20 can be transparent. Antenna 20 can be flexible.

[0075] The connection module 100, including connector 100c, can be configured between the edge of the glass 10, 10' and the antenna 20, and can be located on one side of the glass 10, 10'. The connector 100c of the connection module 100 can be electrically connected to the antenna 20 via the substrate 30. The inner cover 8, relative to the frame 9, can face the glass 10 and can cover the connection module. The inner cover 8 can be referred to as the interior cover. The connection module can be referred to as a connector device, a parking jack component, or a connector assembly.

[0076] On the other hand, the vehicle antenna assembly with a transparent antenna module according to this specification can be configured in both the transparent and opaque areas of the vehicle glass. Regarding this, Figure 5The antenna assembly and connector structure are shown, configured in both the transparent and opaque areas of the vehicle glass.

[0077] Reference Figure 5 The glass 10 may include a transparent region 11 and an opaque region 12. The opaque region 12 may be a black mask region or a frit region. For example, the transparent region 11 may occupy most of the glass 10, and the opaque region 12 may be adjacent to one edge of the glass 10. The transparent region 11 and the opaque region 12 may be formed with the same width W10, and the height H11 of the transparent region 11 may be greater than the height H12 of the opaque region 12.

[0078] Antenna 20 may be adjacent to the boundary between transparent region 11 and opaque region 12 and located on transparent region 11. A connection module including connector 100c may be located on opaque region 12, and connector 100c of the connection module may be connected to antenna 20 via housing chassis 111. Housing chassis 111 may be fastened to housing top plate 112 to form housing 110. Connector 100c may be housed inside housing 110. Housing 110 housing connector 100c may be configured in opaque region 12. Alternatively, at least a portion of the connection module may also be located in transparent region 11.

[0079] The glass substrate module configured with a transparent antenna module formed on the vehicle glass according to this specification will now be described. Figure 6 The diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna with antenna modules configured in the front and side windows of the vehicle.

[0080] Reference Figure 6 In (a), the side glass is configured to be tilted at an angle greater than a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane. For example, the side glass can be configured to be tilted at a first angle θ1 of approximately 75 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. A structure in which a transparent antenna is mounted on the side glass has its radiation pattern formed perpendicular to the side glass. For example, a structure in which a transparent antenna is mounted on the side glass has its radiation pattern formed at an angle of approximately 15 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. A structure in which a transparent antenna is mounted on the side glass has its radiation pattern formed at an angle of approximately 75 degrees relative to the vertical plane. Therefore, the requirement for the beam-turning direction of the transparent antenna, i.e., a low elevation angle of 70 to 90 degrees, is satisfied.

[0081] Reference Figure 6(b) The front or rear glass is configured to be tilted at an angle less than a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane. For example, the front glass can be configured to be tilted at a second angle θ2 of approximately 30 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. A structure in which a transparent antenna is mounted on the front glass has its radiation pattern formed perpendicular to the front glass. For example, a structure in which a transparent antenna is mounted on the front glass has its radiation pattern formed at an angle of approximately 60 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. A structure in which a transparent antenna is mounted on the front glass has its radiation pattern formed at an angle of approximately 30 degrees relative to the vertical plane. Therefore, it is difficult to meet the requirement for the beam-turning direction of the transparent antenna, i.e., the requirement of a low elevation angle of 70 to 90 degrees.

[0082] In this regard, a transparent antenna can be formed as a single-layer transparent electrode structure. The radiation direction of a single-layer transparent antenna is vertical, with the plane in which the antenna is positioned as a reference. Therefore, in structures such as front or back glass, where the antenna is positioned at an angle less than a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane, the beam steering direction of the transparent antenna is difficult to meet the low elevation angle requirement.

[0083] According to this specification, the glass substrate module in which the transparent antenna module is formed on the vehicle glass can be configured in both transparent and opaque areas. Regarding this, Figure 7 A front view of a glass substrate module configured with a transparent antenna module and an antenna pattern operating in the WiFi band is shown. On the other hand, Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a glass substrate module having multiple metal structures formed according to this specification to achieve the redirection of a beam pattern radiated from an antenna pattern is shown.

[0084] Reference Figure 7 The glass substrate module 1000 may include an antenna pattern 1100p operating in the WiFi band and a transparent antenna module 1100. The antenna pattern 1100p may be formed on a first surface of a first glass substrate 1010a. The transparent antenna module 1100 may be disposed between the first glass substrate 1010a and a second glass substrate 1010b. The transparent antenna module 1100 may include a first antenna pattern portion 1100-1 and a second antenna pattern portion 1100-2. The antenna pattern 1100p may be disposed between the first antenna pattern portion 1100-1 and the second antenna pattern portion 1100-2.

[0085] The glass substrate module 1000 according to this specification may further include a control unit 1400 and a connection unit 1000CL. The control unit 1400 may be configured to control the transparent antenna module 1100. The connection unit 1000CL may be configured to realize the electrical connection between the transparent antenna module 1100 and the control unit 1400. The connection unit 1000CL may consist of a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) 1200 and a coaxial cable 610. The transparent antenna module 1100 may have a first antenna pattern portion 1100-1 and a second antenna pattern portion 1100-2.

[0086] The flexible printed circuit board 1200 can be configured to include multiple power supply patterns and multiple grounding patterns. The flexible printed circuit board 1200 can be formed from multiple layers.

[0087] The first antenna connection portion 1210 of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a first feed pattern 1210f and a plurality of first ground patterns 1211g and 1212g. The first feed pattern 1210f may be disposed on the first layer of a plurality of layers. The plurality of first ground patterns 1211g and 1212g may be disposed on both sides of the first feed pattern 1210f. Thus, the first feed pattern 1210f and the plurality of first ground patterns 1211g and 1212g can form a CPW (Co-Planar Waveguide) structure.

[0088] The third connection substrate portion 1230b of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a second power feeding pattern and a plurality of second grounding patterns disposed on both sides of the second power feeding pattern. The first cable connection portion 1210c of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a third power feeding pattern and a plurality of third grounding patterns disposed on both sides of the third power feeding pattern.

[0089] The second antenna connection portion 1220 of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a fourth feed pattern 1240f and a plurality of fourth ground patterns 1241g and 1242g. The fourth feed pattern 1240f may be disposed on the first layer of a plurality of layers. The plurality of fourth ground patterns 1241g and 1242g may be disposed on both sides of the fourth feed pattern 1240f. Thus, the fourth feed pattern 1240f and the plurality of fourth ground patterns 1241g and 1242g can form a CPW structure.

[0090] The fourth connection substrate portion 1240b of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a fifth power feed pattern and a plurality of fifth ground patterns disposed on both sides of the fifth power feed pattern. The second cable connection portion 1220c of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a sixth power feed pattern and a plurality of sixth ground patterns disposed on both sides of the sixth power feed pattern.

[0091] An antenna pattern 1100p operating in the WiFi band can be configured on the first connection substrate portion 1210b of the flexible printed circuit board 1200. The antenna pattern 1100p can be configured as a slot antenna including multiple slots. The antenna pattern 1100p can be configured to include first to fourth slot portions SL1, SL2, SL3, and SL4. A signal line SL can be configured such that a third coaxial cable 613 is joined to the flexible circuit board 1200. Multiple signals can be applied to a point on the signal line SL through the internal conductor of the third coaxial cable 613. A first slot portion SL1 and a second slot portion SL2 can be formed on one side and the other side of the signal line SL, respectively. The first width of the first slot portion SL1 formed at the lower end of the signal line SL can be narrower than the second width of the first slot portion SL1 formed on one side of the signal line SL.

[0092] The first slit SL1 can be connected to a first point on one side of the second slit SL2. The third slit SL3 can be connected to a second point on the other side of the second slit SL2, and extends a predetermined length in the X-axis direction. The fourth slit SL4 can be connected to the upper end of the second slit SL2, and extends a predetermined length in the X-axis direction. The fourth slit SL4 can be formed to extend in the opposite direction to the third slit SL3.

[0093] The first connecting substrate portion 1210b can be configured to prevent interference between the antenna pattern 1100p operating in the WiFi band and the transparent antenna module 1100 operating in the 4G / 5G band. For details, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 This specification provides a detailed description of the glass substrate module with an antenna pattern according to this instruction manual.

[0094] Reference Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 This specification describes a glass substrate module 1000 with an antenna pattern according to this instruction manual. In this regard, in a double-bonded glass structure for vehicles, a transparent antenna module 1100 is disposed in an in-glass structure between a first glass substrate and second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. It can be configured such that transparent antenna electrodes are inserted within a PVB film between the first and second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. In this regard, to minimize feed loss and cable loss during feeding, the WIFI antenna pattern of the thin-film material can be designed as an on-glass structure.

[0095] The flexible printed circuit board 1200, which forms the feed pattern for feeding the transparent antenna module 1100 and the antenna pattern 1100p, can be formed to bend outwards from the transparent electrodes inside the glass. The thin-film WIFI antenna pattern can be designed to be positioned to achieve maximum isolation from the transparent antenna module 1100. This specification aims to achieve beam steering in the thin-film antenna pattern 1100p, which is integrated with the FPCB area of ​​the 4G / 5G transparent antenna and operates in the WIFI band. Multiple metal structures are formed in the peripheral area adjacent to the antenna pattern 1100p, thereby enabling beam steering of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern 1100p in the desired direction.

[0096] On the other hand, the glass substrate module 1000 according to this specification includes a glass substrate 1010 and an antenna pattern 1100p. The conductive pattern including the antenna pattern 1100p formed on the glass substrate 1010 can be configured such that the beam direction is tilted at a predetermined angle from the vertical direction.

[0097] Antenna pattern 1100p can be disposed on the first connecting substrate portion 1210b of the flexible printed circuit board 1200. The third antenna pattern portion 1100-3 on which antenna pattern 1100p is formed can be disposed on the center portion of the first connecting substrate portion 1210b of the flexible printed circuit board 1200.

[0098] The glass substrate 1010 can be formed as a multilayer glass substrate structure, including a first glass substrate 1010a and a second glass substrate 1010b. The second glass substrate 1010b can be formed as a laminate on the first glass substrate 1010a. The first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b can be referred to as the upper glass substrate and the lower glass substrate, respectively.

[0099] The transparent antenna module 1100, disposed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b, is constructed as an in-glass antenna. The antenna pattern 1100p disposed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a is constructed as an on-glass antenna. The antenna pattern 1100p, which is a thin film such as a flexible circuit board 1200, can be optimally configured between the first antenna pattern portion and the second antenna pattern portions 1100-1 and 1100-2 using a heuristic process. The antenna pattern 1100p can be configured with respect to the distance between itself and the plurality of feed patterns 1210f and 1240f that feed the first antenna pattern portion and the second antenna pattern portions 1100-1 and 1100-2.

[0100] As described above, the vehicle-mounted transparent antenna 1100 is formed as an in-glass antenna between a laminated first glass substrate and second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. Depending on the WiFi frequency band, the thickness of the glass substrate 1010, including the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b, has different electrical lengths. Therefore, the antenna pattern operating in the WiFi frequency band has a different radiation pattern for each frequency band. Regarding this, Figure 9 The radiation pattern of an antenna pattern operating in the WiFi band is shown. Figure 9 (a) shows the radiation pattern of an antenna pattern operating in the 2.5 GHz band. Figure 9 (b) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna pattern operating in the 5.7 GHz band.

[0101] Reference Figures 7 to 9 In (a), the antenna pattern 1100p formed on the glass substrate 1010 is formed as an omnidirectional radiation pattern, wherein the glass substrate 1010 is formed with a thickness of approximately 6 mm in the 2.5 GHz band. (Refer to...) Figure 7 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9 (b) The radiation pattern of the antenna pattern 1100p formed on the glass substrate 1010 has stronger directivity and is formed in a 180-degree direction, i.e., the glass side direction, with the front coordinate as a reference. The glass substrate 1010 is formed with a thickness of about 6 mm in the 5.7 GHz band.

[0102] Therefore, in such Figure 6 When the antenna pattern 1100p shown in (b) is disposed on the front or back glass, the radiation pattern of the antenna pattern 1100p in the 5GHz band is difficult to meet the low elevation angle requirement. Therefore, multiple metal structures need to be disposed on the flexible circuit board 1200 to tilt the radiation pattern of the antenna pattern 1100p in the 5GHz band in the vertical direction.

[0103] The glass substrate module may further include an AMC (artificial magnetic conductor) structure 1310 and a PRS (partial reflector surface) structure 1320 to tilt the beam direction at a predetermined angle from the vertical direction. The AMC structure 1310 and the PRS structure 1320 may be referred to as the first metal structure and the second metal structure, respectively. The glass substrate module may also include reflectors 1100R arranged adjacent to both sides of the antenna pattern 1100p. The reflectors 1100R may be referred to as the third metal structure.

[0104] An AMC structure 1310 may be formed between the second surface of the first glass substrate 1010a and the first surface of the second glass substrate 1010b. A reflector 1100R may be formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. A reflector 1100R may be formed in the region facing the AMC structure 1310. A PRS structure 1320 may be formed on the second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b.

[0105] The reflector 1100R can be configured to include a first reflector 1110R and a second reflector 1120R. The first reflector 1110R can be separately configured from one end of the antenna pattern 1100p. The second reflector 1120R can be separately configured from the other end of the antenna pattern 1100p.

[0106] The AMC structure 1310 can be configured to include a first AMC structure 1311 and a second AMC structure 1312. The first AMC structure 1311 can be formed in the region facing the first reflector 1110R. The second AMC structure 1312 can be formed in the region facing the second reflector 1120R.

[0107] on the other hand, Figure 10 A front view of the AMC structure of the glass substrate module according to this specification and a perspective view of the glass substrate with the AMC structure configured are shown. Figure 10 (a) shows a front view of the AMC structure of the glass substrate module according to this specification. Figure 10 (b) shows a perspective view of a glass substrate configured with an AMC structure according to this specification.

[0108] Reference Figure 8 as well as Figure 10 The basic unit cell of the AMC structure 1310 can be disposed on the glass substrate module 1000. The basic unit cell of the AMC structure 1310 can be disposed between a first glass substrate 1010a, which serves as the upper glass substrate, and a second glass substrate 1010b, which serves as the lower glass substrate. The first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b are formed with a first thickness h1 and a second thickness h2, respectively, and can be configured as a double-bonded glass substrate module.

[0109] The basic unit of the AMC structure 1310 can be formed to include multiple metal patterns. The basic unit of the AMC structure 1310 can be configured to include a first metal pattern MP1 and a second metal pattern MP2. The basic unit of the AMC structure 1310 can be configured to include a first metal pattern MP1, a second metal pattern MP2, and a third metal pattern MP3. Each of the multiple metal patterns can be formed as a polygonal closed-loop structure. As an example, each of the multiple metal patterns can be formed as a quadrilateral closed-loop structure.

[0110] The number of multiple metallic patterns can be determined based on the WiFi frequency band. The WiFi frequency band can include a first WiFi band of 2.4~2.45GHz and a second WiFi band of 5.15~5.8GHz. The WiFi frequency band can also include a third WiFi band in the 7GHz band. The shapes of the first metallic pattern MP1 to the third metallic pattern MP3 can be designed to reflect signals incident from the first WiFi frequency band to the third WiFi frequency band.

[0111] The first metal pattern MP1 can be formed as a closed-loop structure with an inner length of a first length L1p and a first width W1p. The second metal pattern MP2 can be configured to enclose the first metal pattern MP1. The second metal pattern MP2 can be formed as a closed-loop structure with an inner length of a second length L2p that is longer than the first length L1p and a second width W2p. The third metal pattern MP3 can be configured to enclose the second metal pattern MP2. The third metal pattern MP3 can be formed as a closed-loop structure with an inner length of a third length L3p that is longer than the second length L2p and a third width W3p.

[0112] The basic unit of the AMC structure 1310 can be formed having a predetermined length Lx in the X-axis direction and a predetermined length Ly in the Y-axis direction. The second width W2p of the second metal pattern MP2 can be formed to be narrower than the first width W1p of the first metal pattern MP1. The third width W3p of the third metal pattern MP3 can be formed to be narrower than the second width W2p of the second metal pattern MP2.

[0113] The basic unit of the AMC structure 1310 can be designed such that the phases of the incident and reflected signals in multiple WiFi frequency bands have values ​​within a predetermined range with 0 degrees as a reference. Regarding this, Figure 11 The reflection loss phase values ​​of the AMC structure of the glass substrate module according to this specification are shown.

[0114] Reference Figure 10 as well as Figure 11 In the first WiFi frequency band of 2.4~2.45GHz, the phase value (phase(S11)) of the reflection loss S11 has a value within a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees. In the frequency band of 2.01~2.74GHz, it has a phase value within ±100 degrees based on 0 degrees. Therefore, in the first WiFi frequency band of 2.4~2.45GHz, the AMC structure 1310 reflects the signal with a phase value within a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees.

[0115] In the second WiFi band of 5.15~5.8GHz, the phase value (phase(S11)) of the reflection loss S11 has a value within a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees. In the band of 5.11~5.88GHz, it has a phase value within ±100 degrees based on 0 degrees. Therefore, in the second WiFi band of 5.15~5.8GHz, the AMC structure 1310 reflects the signal with a phase value within a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees.

[0116] In the third WiFi band of 7.02~7.08 GHz, the phase value (phase(S11)) of the reflection loss S11 has a value within a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees. Within the 7.02~7.08 GHz band, it has a phase value within ±100 degrees based on 0 degrees. Therefore, in the third WiFi band of 7.02~7.08 GHz, the AMC structure 1310 reflects the signal with a phase value within a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees.

[0117] The AMC structure 1310 can be designed such that the reflected signal has a phase value within a predetermined angular range relative to the incident signal, with 0 degrees as the reference, in the first WiFi band to the third WiFi band. For this purpose, the first length L1p, which is the inner length of the first metallic pattern MP1, the second length L2p, which is the inner length of the second metallic pattern MP2, and the third length L3p, which is the inner length of the third metallic pattern MP3, are set to 3 mm, 6 mm, and 8.5 mm, respectively. The predetermined length Lx in the X-axis direction and the predetermined length Ly in the Y-axis direction of the AMC structure 1310 can be set to 9 mm x 9 mm.

[0118] On the other hand, the PRS structure 1320 can be configured not to overlap with the antenna pattern 1100p in the Z-axis direction. As another example, a portion of the PRS structure 1320 can be configured to overlap with the antenna pattern 1100p in the Z-axis direction. Regarding this, Figure 12 A front view of a PRS structure configured in a manner that does not overlap with or overlaps with the antenna pattern according to an embodiment is shown. Figure 12 (a) shows a front view of the PRS structure 1320 configured in a non-overlapping manner with the antenna pattern. Figure 12 (b) shows a front view of the PRS structure 1320 configured in a manner that overlaps with the antenna pattern. Figure 13 This illustrates the integration of a flexible circuit board with... Figure 7 The structure of the glass substrate module.

[0119] Figure 13(a) shows a side view of the glass substrate module 1000, in which the flexible circuit board 1200 is disposed in front of and inside the glass substrate module 1000. Figure 13 (b) shows a front view of the flexible circuit board 1200 connected to the transparent antenna region TA.

[0120] Reference Figure 7 as well as Figure 13 The flexible printed circuit board 1200 can be configured to include multiple regions. The flexible printed circuit board 1200 can be formed as a first region 1200R1 located between the first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b, and a second region 1200R2 located outside either the first glass substrate 1010a or the second glass substrate 1010b. A portion of the first region 1200R1 can be electrically connected to the transparent antenna module 1100. A portion of the second region 1200R2 can be electrically connected to the coaxial cable 610. An antenna pattern 1100p can be formed in other portions of the second region 1200R2.

[0121] The flexible circuit board 1200 can be configured to include a first region 1200R1, a second region 1200R2, and a third region 1200R3. The first region 1200R1 may include a bonding region (BA) bonded to the transparent antenna region TA. Feed patterns 1210f and 1240f can be formed on the flexible circuit board 1200 to enable feeding of multiple transparent antennas formed in the transparent antenna region TA.

[0122] An AMC structure 1310 can be disposed in a first region 1200R1 of the flexible circuit board 1200. An antenna pattern 1100p and a reflector 1100R can be disposed in a second region 1200R2 of the flexible circuit board 1200. A reflector 1100R can be disposed on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern 1100p. The flexible circuit board 1200 can be bent to form a third region 1200R3. The third region 1200R3 can be formed by bending the flexible circuit board 1200 along the AA' line. The third region 1200R3 can be formed to cover the side of the first glass substrate 1010a.

[0123] The metal pattern formed in the first region 1200R1 of the flexible circuit board 1200 can be formed as an in-glass structure. The metal pattern formed in the second region 1200R2 of the flexible circuit board 1200 can be formed as an on-glass structure. The WIFI antenna formed in the second region 1200R2 of the flexible circuit board 1200, i.e., the antenna pattern 1100p, is combined with the AMC structure 1310 of the first region 1200R1 to achieve beam steering. The antenna pattern 1100p can be combined with the reflector 1100p of the first region 1200R1 to achieve beam steering. The antenna pattern 1100p can be combined with the PRS pattern 1310 of the second flexible circuit board 1200 to achieve beam steering. The antenna pattern 1100p utilizes multiple metal patterns of the in-glass structure and the on-glass structure within a limited area to achieve beam steering of the WIFI antenna.

[0124] The limited areas of the flexible circuit board 1200 and the second flexible circuit board 1200 can be realized through a combination of AMC structures, metasurfaces, reflectors, and / or PRS patterns. The limited areas of the flexible circuit board 1200 and the second flexible circuit board 1200 can provide an integrated structure for both a WiFi antenna and a 4G / 5G transparent antenna. Furthermore, signal interference between WiFi antennas with an integrated structure for a 4G / 5G transparent antenna, according to this specification, is reduced, thereby reducing the design complexity of the WiFi antenna. Compared to WiFi antennas with an integrated structure for a 4G / 5G transparent antenna where signal interference reaches a certain level, signal interference is reduced, allowing for independent design of the WiFi antenna.

[0125] Flexible circuit boards 1200 can be disposed on the front and inside of the glass substrate module 1000. The PRS structure 1320 formed on the back of the glass substrate module 1000 can be formed on a separate substrate. Antenna patterns 1100p and reflectors 1100R can be disposed on the flexible circuit board 1200 formed on the front of the glass substrate module 1000. An AMC structure 1310 can be disposed on the flexible circuit board 1200 formed inside the glass substrate module 1000. The PRS structure 1320 disposed on the back of the glass substrate module 1000 can be formed on a second flexible circuit board 1200b.

[0126] In this regard, the glass substrate module 1000 may include a first glass substrate 1010a as the upper glass, a second glass substrate 1010b as the lower glass, and a thin film layer 1030 disposed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. The first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b may form a double-bonded glass structure bonded together by the thin film layer 1030. The thin film layer 1030 may be formed as a PVB (Polyvinyl butyral) layer, but it is not limited thereto and may be varied depending on the application.

[0127] An AMC structure 1310 can be formed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. An antenna pattern 1100 operating in multiple WiFi frequency bands and a reflector 1100R can be formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. A PRS structure 1320 can be formed on the second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b. The AMC structure 1310 between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b and the PRS structure 1320 on the second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b can be referred to as a first metal structure and a second metal structure, respectively. The first metal structure is not limited to the AMC structure 1310; depending on the application, it can be formed as a metasurface or a PRS structure. The second metal structure is not limited to the PRS structure 1320; depending on the application, it can also be formed as an AMC structure or a metasurface.

[0128] On the other hand, the glass substrate module 1000 according to this specification can be configured as a transparent antenna including a metal mesh structure and a metal pattern formed in the opaque area. Regarding this, Figure 14 It shows that it has Figure 10 Front view of the glass substrate module with AMC structure. Figure 15 It shows that it has Figure 12 (a) A perspective view of the glass substrate module with a PRS structure.

[0129] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figures 13 to 15In the flexible printed circuit board 1200, the width of the region where multiple metal structures can be configured to improve the isolation between the transparent antenna module 1100 and the antenna pattern 1100p and optimize the beam pattern is limited. In this regard, the width (WWiFi) of the region in the flexible printed circuit board 1200 where multiple metal structures can be configured can be limited to a predetermined range based on approximately 50 mm. The length of the region in the flexible printed circuit board 1200 where multiple metal structures can be configured can be limited to a predetermined range based on approximately 20 mm. In this regard, based on a minimum frequency of 2.4 GHz, the region of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 limited to approximately 50 mm x 20 mm has a value smaller than 0.5 wavelength, i.e., 62.5 mm. Therefore, in order to improve isolation and optimize the beam pattern, at least a portion of the first to third metal structures needs to be configured in the region of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 limited to approximately 50 mm x 20 mm.

[0130] A reflector 1100R can be disposed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. A reflector 1100R can be disposed on the first surface of the flexible circuit board 1200. The reflector 1100R can be configured to reflect signals radiated from the side direction of the antenna pattern 1100p formed as a slot antenna. An AMC structure 1310 can be disposed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. An AMC structure 1310 can be disposed on the second surface of the flexible circuit board 1200. A PRS structure 1320 can be disposed on the second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b. A PRS structure 1320 can be disposed on the second flexible circuit board 1200b.

[0131] Reference Figure 8 , Figures 13 to 15 The PRS structure 1320, configured to either not overlap with or overlap with the antenna pattern 1110p, and the glass substrate module 1000 having the same configuration, will be described. The antenna pattern 1100p can be configured in a region having a first width W1x along the X-axis and a first length L1y along the Y-axis. The PRS structure 1320 can include multiple PRS patterns. In a region having a second width W2x along the X-axis and a second length L2y along the Y-axis, the multiple PRS patterns can be configured parallel and separate along the X-axis. The second width W2x can be wider than the first width W1x. The second length L2y can be longer than or the same as the first length L1y.

[0132] Multiple PRS patterns can be configured to include multiple first PRS patterns 1320a and multiple second PRS patterns 1320b. The multiple first PRS patterns 1320a can be separately disposed in a first region from one end of the antenna pattern 1100p. The multiple second PRS patterns 1320b can be separately disposed in a second region from the other end of the antenna pattern 1100p. The width of each of the multiple first PRS patterns 1320a can be a third width W3x. The length of each of the multiple first PRS patterns 1320a can be a second length L2y. The spacing between adjacent multiple first PRS patterns 1320a can be a first spacing and second spacings Ga1 and Ga2. The width of each of the multiple second PRS patterns 1320b can be a third width W3x. The length of each of the multiple second PRS patterns 1320b can be a second length L2y. The spacing between adjacent multiple second PRS patterns 1320b can be a fourth spacing and a fifth spacing Ga4 and Ga5.

[0133] Multiple PRS patterns can be configured such that a portion of the PRS structure 1320 overlaps with the antenna pattern 1100p in the Z-axis direction. In this regard, the multiple PRS patterns may also include a third PRS pattern 1320c. The third PRS pattern 1320c can be formed in a third region facing the region where the antenna pattern 1100p is configured. The center of the third PRS pattern 1320c and the center of the antenna pattern 1100p can be located at the same point.

[0134] The plurality of first PRS patterns 1320a may include first to third sub-patterns SP1, SP2, and SP3 arranged along a direction away from antenna pattern 1100p. The plurality of second PRS patterns 1320b may include fourth to sixth sub-patterns SP4, SP5, and SP6 arranged along a direction away from antenna pattern 1100p. The third PRS pattern 1320c may correspond to the seventh sub-pattern SP7.

[0135] The first interval Ga1 between the first sub-pattern SP1 and the second sub-pattern SP2 can be formed to be greater than the second interval Ga2 between the second sub-pattern SP2 and the third sub-pattern SP3. The fourth interval Ga4 between the fourth sub-pattern SP4 and the fifth sub-pattern SP5 can be formed to be greater than the fifth interval Ga5 between the fifth sub-pattern SP5 and the sixth sub-pattern SP6. The first interval Ga1 and the fourth interval Ga4 can be formed to be the same distance. The second interval Ga2 and the fifth interval Ga5 can be formed to be the same distance.

[0136] The third interval Ga3 between the first sub-pattern SP1 and the antenna pattern 1100p can be formed to be smaller than the first interval Ga1 and larger than the second interval Ga2. The sixth interval Ga6 between the fourth sub-pattern SP4 and the antenna pattern 1100p can be formed to be smaller than the fourth interval Ga4 and larger than the fifth interval Ga5. The third interval Ga3 and the sixth interval Ga6 can be formed to be the same distance.

[0137] On the other hand, according to the glass substrate module 1000 of this specification, the AMC structure 1310 reflects the signal, and the PRS structure 1320 can be configured to reflect the signal and adjust the phase during transmission. In this regard, the PRS structure 1320 is configured to reflect a portion of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern 1100p, allowing the remaining signal to pass through. The transmission angle of the signal passing through the PRS structure 1320 is configured to be different from the incident angle of the signal. By adjusting the transmission angle of the signal passing through the PRS structure 1320, the direction of the wavefront of the signal passing through the PRS structure 1320 can be steered. The AMC structure 1310 is configured to reflect the signal incident after reflection from the PRS structure 1320 so that the signal is incident on the PRS structure 1320.

[0138] By adjusting the phase of the signal passing through each of the multiple PRS patterns constituting the PRS structure 1320, the wavefront of the signal passing through the PRS structure 1320 can achieve the following mathematical formula 1: directional switching.

[0139]

Mathematical Formula 1

[0140] Regarding this, m is the number of sub-patterns in the PRS structure 1320. For example, m can be set to 7, but it is not limited to this and can be changed according to the application. The phase of the signal reflected by the i-th sub-pattern of the PRS structure 1320 corresponds to Γi. The phase of the signal reflected by the i-th sub-pattern of the PRS structure 1320 after being incident on the AMC structure 1310 and then reflected again by the AMC structure 1310 corresponds to Φi. The phase of the (k+1)-th signal of the PRS structure 1320 corresponds to Tk+1. The electrical length (period) corresponding to the distance between the K-th AMC structure 1310 and the PRS structure 1320 corresponds to pk. The electrical length of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern 1110 and transmitted through the PRS structure 1320 corresponds to l.

[0141] Therefore, by adjusting the phase of the transmitted signal through the first to seventh sub-patterns (SP1 to SP7) of the PRS structure 1320, the direction of the wavefront of the transmitted signal can be adjusted.

[0142] The AMC structure 1310 can reflect signals incident in the WiFi band into a phase with a predetermined angular range based on 0 degrees. The AMC structure 1310 can be configured to include a first AMC structure 1311 disposed on one side of the antenna pattern 1100p and a second AMC structure 1312 disposed on the other side. The first AMC structure 1311 can be configured with N basic units arranged along the X-axis and M units arranged along the Y-axis. The second AMC structure 1312 can be configured with N basic units arranged along the X-axis and M units arranged along the Y-axis.

[0143] On the other hand, the glass substrate module 1000 according to this specification may include an antenna pattern 1100p operating in multiple WiFi frequency bands and a transparent antenna module 1100. The antenna pattern 1100p may be formed on a first surface of a first glass substrate 1010a. The transparent antenna module 1100 may be disposed between the first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b. The transparent antenna module 1100 may include a first antenna pattern portion 1100-1 and a second antenna pattern portion 1100-2. The antenna pattern 1100p may be disposed between the first antenna pattern portion 1100-1 and the second antenna pattern portion 1100-2.

[0144] The glass substrate module 1000 according to this specification may further include a control unit 1400 and a connection unit 1000CL. The control unit 1400 may be configured to control the transparent antenna module 1100. The connection unit 1000CL may be configured to realize the electrical connection between the transparent antenna module 1100 and the control unit 1400. The connection unit 1000CL may consist of a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) 1200 and a coaxial cable 610. The transparent antenna module 1100 may have a first antenna pattern portion 1100-1 and a second antenna pattern portion 1100-2.

[0145] The flexible printed circuit board 1200 can be formed with a first region 1200R1 located between the first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b, and a second region 1200R2 located outside either the first glass substrate 1010a or the second glass substrate 1010b. A portion of the first region 1200R1 can be electrically connected to the transparent antenna module 1100. A portion of the second region 1200R2 can be electrically connected to the coaxial cable 610. An antenna pattern 1100p can be formed in other portions of the second region 1200R2.

[0146] On the other hand, in the glass substrate module according to this specification, the antenna pattern 1100p can achieve beam steering through the reflector 1100R, the AMC structure 1310, and the PRS structure 1320. The manner in which beam steering is achieved through each of the reflector 1100R, the AMC structure 1310, and the PRS structure 1320 will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0147] Regarding this, Figure 16a as well as Figure 16b A perspective view is shown of a plurality of reflectors arranged adjacent to an antenna pattern in a glass substrate module according to this specification. Figure 16a The structure of a reflector 1100R is shown adjacent to the area where the antenna pattern 1110p is arranged. Figure 16b The diagram shows a structure in which a reflector 1100R is arranged adjacent to the region where the antenna pattern 1110p is configured, and a matching circuit is configured between the reflector 1100R and the metal frame region MFR. A matching circuit region MCR, in which the matching circuit is configured, can be formed between the reflector 1100R and the metal frame region MFR. Figure 17 This is an enlarged view of a flexible circuit board with reflectors formed on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern.

[0148] Reference Figures 13 to 17 Reflectors 1110R and 1120R can be disposed on one side and the other side of the third antenna pattern portion 1100-3 on which the antenna pattern 1100p is formed. Reflectors 1110R and 1120R can be formed as metal patterns that achieve beam steering by reflecting the leaky wave radiated from the antenna pattern 1100p. As a thin-film antenna on the flexible circuit board 1200, reflectors 1110R and 1120R can be disposed on one side of the antenna pattern 1100p so that they can be integrated with the transparent antenna region TA. Reflectors 1110R and 1120R can be formed as metal patterns with a predetermined length and width.

[0149] Reflectors 1110R and 1120R can also be formed as AMC structures with multiple closed-loop metal patterns, PRS structures with multiple parallel metal patterns, or metasurfaces of arbitrary shapes. Therefore, reflectors 1110R and 1120R formed with AMC structures, PRS structures, or metasurfaces can be referred to as third metal structures.

[0150] The third metal structure can be configured on one side, the other side, or both sides of the antenna pattern 1100p that achieves beam steering. The spacing α between the third metal structure and the antenna pattern 1100p can be set to at least 0.03 times the target wavelength corresponding to the target resonant frequency. The spacing α between the reflector 1100R and the third antenna pattern portion on which the antenna pattern 1100p is formed can be set to at least 0.03 times the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the WiFi band.

[0151] A first region 1200R1 of the flexible circuit substrate 1200 can be disposed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. A second region 1200R2 of the flexible circuit substrate 1200 can be disposed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. A third region 1200R3 of the flexible circuit substrate 1200 can be disposed on the side surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. Matching circuits MC1 and MC2 can be disposed between the ground region 1100g formed in the third region 1200R3 of the flexible circuit substrate 1200 and the reflector 1100R. The phase of the reflected signal radiated by the antenna pattern 1100p and reflected by the reflectors 1110R and 1120R can be tuned by the matching circuits.

[0152] A first matching circuit MC1 can be disposed between the end of the third region 1200R3 of the flexible circuit substrate 1200 and the end of the first reflector 1110R. A second matching circuit MC2 can be disposed between the end of the third region 1200R3 of the flexible circuit substrate 1200 and the end of the second reflector 1120R. The first matching circuit and the second matching circuits MC1 and MC2 can be constructed using a passive circuit of inductor L and capacitor C and / or an active circuit such as a diode D whose characteristics are changed by controlling the voltage.

[0153] For example, the first matching circuit MC1 can be configured as a first capacitor with a first capacitance C1. The second matching circuit MC2 can be configured as a second capacitor with a second capacitance C2. The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be set to 180pF and 150uF respectively, but are not limited to these values ​​and can be changed according to the application.

[0154] On the other hand, this specification describes the beam steering method in a glass substrate module where the AMC structure 1310 is configured on a layer different from the antenna pattern. Regarding this, Figure 18 A perspective view is shown of a glass substrate module according to this specification, in which multiple AMC structures are arranged adjacent to each other on a layer different from the antenna pattern. Figure 19An enlarged view of a flexible circuit board that configures an AMC structure adjacent to a feeding pattern and forms reflectors on one side and the other side of an antenna pattern.

[0155] Refer to Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figures 13 to 15 、 Figure 18 and Figure 19 to form a pattern structure for realizing beam steering of the antenna pattern 1100p by reflection of leaky waves. An AMC structure 1310 can be formed adjacent to antenna connection parts 1210 and 1220 where feeding patterns 1210f and 1240f are formed. Reflectors 1100R are formed on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern 1100p adjacent to the antenna pattern 1100p. Matching circuits MC1 and MC2 can be arranged at the ends of the reflectors 1100R.

[0156] The AMC structure 1310 of the flexible circuit board 1200 configured for feeding the transparent antenna area TA can be referred to as the first metal structure. The first metal structure is not limited to the AMC structure 1310 and can be changed to a PRS structure, a reflector or a metasurface structure according to the application.

[0157] The size of the basic unit of the first metal structure constituted by the AMC structure 1310, the PRS structure, the reflector or the metasurface structure can be formed to operate in the WiFi band in the double - bonded glass. The WiFi band can be set to include 2.4 - 2.5 GHz and 5.15 - 5.85 GHz. The WiFi band can also be set to include the 7 GHz band. The size of the basic unit of the AMC structure 1310 can be set to β x γ mm. The size of the AMC structure 1310 arranged N in the X - axis direction and M in the Y - axis direction can be set to Nβ X Mγ mm.

[0158] The area where the AMC structure 1310 can be formed can be determined in view of the minimum separation distance from the antenna pattern 1100p and the minimum separation distance from the antenna connection parts 1210 and 1220 where the feeding patterns 1210f and 1240f are formed. The length and width of the area where the AMC structure 1310 can be formed can be limited to Sx and Sy in the X - axis and Y - axis directions. Therefore, the number of basic units (N, M) that can be arranged in the AMC structure 1310 can be defined as the largest integer that satisfies Nβ < Sx and Mγ < Sy. Sx can be defined as the length from one end or the other end of the antenna pattern 1100p for realizing beam steering to the antenna connection parts 1210 and 1220 where the feeding patterns for feeding the transparent antenna area TA are formed. Sy can be defined as the length from the thin film for feeding the transparent antenna area TA to the metal frame area MFR.

[0159] On the other hand, this specification describes the beam steering method in a glass substrate module where a PRS structure is configured on a layer different from the antenna pattern. Regarding this, Figure 20 A perspective view is shown of a glass substrate module according to this specification, in which a PRS structure is configured on a layer different from the antenna pattern. (Refer to...) Figure 12 as well as Figure 20 The PRS structure 1320 can be formed as a structure that does not overlap with the antenna pattern 1100p or an overlapping structure.

[0160] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 12 as well as Figure 20 In order to adjust the wavefront of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern 1100p, the PRS structure 1320 can be disposed on the second glass substrate 1010b. The second metal structure disposed on the second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b is not limited to the PRS structure 1320, and can also be changed to a reflector, an AMC structure or a metasurface structure.

[0161] The length Tx of the PRS structure 1320 is set to be less than the distance between the antenna connection portions 1210 and 1220 on which the feed patterns 1210f and 1240f are formed. The length Tx of the PRS structure 1320 is determined to be the sum of the width W2x of the antenna pattern 1100p used to achieve beam steering and the width of the multiple regions on which multiple sub-patterns (SP1 to SP6) are configured. The number, width, and separation distance of the multiple sub-patterns (SP1 to SP6) can be determined so that the wavefront can be adjusted to the desired angle according to the phase changes of reflection and transmission of multiple leaky waves. The width Ty of the PRS structure 1320 can be determined to form Figure 17 The width Sy of the region of the AMC structure 1310 is below.

[0162] On the other hand, in the glass substrate module according to this specification, the AMC structure disposed on a layer different from the antenna pattern can be formed only on one side of the antenna pattern, thereby tilting the antenna beam in one direction. Regarding this, Figure 21 A front view of a glass substrate module in which the AMC structure is formed only on one side of the antenna pattern is shown. Figure 22 Multiple radiation patterns are shown depending on the presence or absence of the AMC structure.

[0163] Reference Figure 21 To achieve beam steering by directing the signal radiated by antenna pattern 1100p in one direction, an AMC structure 1311 can be configured only on one side of antenna pattern 1100p. (Refer to...) Figure 14 as well as Figure 21The AMC structure 1311 can be configured only on one side of the antenna pattern 1100p, or the AMC structure 1312 can be configured only on the other side of the antenna pattern 1100p.

[0164] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 as well as Figure 21 The glass substrate module 1000 may include a reflector 1100R, an AMC structure 1311, and a PRS structure 1320. The antenna pattern 1100p and the reflector 1100R may be disposed on a first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. The reflector 1100R may be disposed on a second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b. The AMC structure 1311 may be disposed on a thin film layer 1030 between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrates 1010a and 1010b. The thin film layer 1030 may be formed as a PVB layer, but is not limited to this, and can be varied depending on the application. The AMC structure 1311 may be disposed only on one side of the antenna pattern 1100p.

[0165] Figure 22 (a) is a diagram comparing radiation patterns at 5.3 GHz with and without an AMC structure. The beam peak of the radiation pattern Rp2 of the second structure, which has an AMC structure on only one side, is tilted by a predetermined angle in one direction relative to the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure. For example, the beam peak of the radiation pattern Rp2 of the second structure may be tilted by approximately 30 degrees in one direction relative to the beam peak of the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure.

[0166] Figure 22 (b) is a diagram comparing radiation patterns at 5.7 GHz with and without an AMC structure. The beam peak of the radiation pattern Rp2 of the second structure, with an AMC structure configured only on one side, is tilted by a predetermined angle in one direction relative to the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure. For example, the beam peak of the radiation pattern Rp2 of the second structure may be tilted by approximately 30 degrees in one direction relative to the beam peak of the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure.

[0167] On the other hand, in the glass substrate module according to this specification, an AMC structure disposed on a layer different from the antenna pattern is formed on both sides of the antenna pattern, thereby preventing the inflow of interference signals in a specific direction. (Refer to...) Figure 14 PRS structures 1311 and 1312 can be formed on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern 1100p. By forming PRS structures 1311 and 1312 on one side and the other side of the antenna pattern 1100p, it is possible to suppress ripples in the main lobe and reduce the level of the side lobes. Regarding this, Figure 23 It is a diagram comparing radiation patterns in the WiFi band based on the presence or absence of an AMC structure.

[0168] Figure 23 (a) is a diagram comparing radiation patterns at 5.3 GHz with and without an AMC structure. In the first structure's radiation pattern Rp1, where no AMC structure is present, ripples are generated in the main lobe pattern formed in the forward direction, and the received signal level may vary in the forward direction depending on the direction. In the third structure's radiation pattern Rp3, where AMC structures are arranged on both sides, the main lobe pattern does not have ripples, and the received signal level does not fluctuate in the forward direction depending on the direction.

[0169] Compared to the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure which lacks an AMC structure, the radiation pattern Rp3 of the third structure with AMC structures on both sides has a lower horizontal level in the horizontal axis direction, thus lowering the level of the side lobes. For example, the level of the radiation pattern Rp3 of the third structure can be lowered by more than 10 dB in the horizontal axis direction compared to the level of the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure.

[0170] Figure 23 (b) is a diagram comparing the radiation patterns at 5.7 GHz with and without an AMC structure. In the first structure's radiation pattern Rp1, where no AMC structure is present, ripples are generated in the main lobe pattern formed in the forward direction, which may cause the received signal level to vary in the forward direction depending on the orientation. In the third structure's radiation pattern Rp3, where the AMC structure is configured on both sides, there are no ripples in the main lobe pattern, and therefore the received signal level does not vary in the forward direction depending on the orientation.

[0171] Compared to the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure, which lacks an AMC structure, the radiation pattern Rp3 of the third structure, with AMC structures on both sides, decreases in horizontal level along the horizontal axis, thus lowering the sidelobe level. For example, the horizontal level of the radiation pattern Rp3 of the third structure can decrease by more than 10 dB compared to the horizontal level of the radiation pattern Rp1 of the first structure. Furthermore, the radiation pattern Rp3 of the third structure forms a null in the posterior direction, thereby reducing unwanted radiation in the posterior direction.

[0172] The above describes a glass substrate module according to one aspect of this specification. The following describes a flexible printed circuit board composed of multiple layers according to other aspects of this specification. (Refer to...) Figures 7 to 21 This describes a flexible printed circuit board composed of multiple layers. In this regard, all the above information regarding glass substrate modules can be applied to the flexible printed circuit board described below.

[0173] The flexible printed circuit board 1200 may be configured to include a first antenna connection portion 1210 and a second antenna connection portion 1220, an antenna pattern 1110p, and multiple metal structures. The multiple metal structures of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may include a first metal structure 1310 and a second metal structure 1320. The multiple metal structures of the flexible printed circuit board 1200 may also include a third metal structure 1100R.

[0174] The first antenna connection portion 1210 and the second antenna connection portion 1220 can be formed on a transparent substrate located between the first glass substrate 1010a and the second glass substrate 1010b. An antenna pattern 1110p can be formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. The antenna pattern 1110p can be configured to radiate signals in multiple WiFi frequency bands. A first metal structure 1310 can be formed between the second surface of the first glass substrate 1010a and the first surface of the second glass substrate 1010b. A second metal structure 1320 can be formed on the second surface of the second glass substrate 1010b. The second metal structure 1320 can be disposed on a separate second flexible printed circuit board 1200b. A third metal structure 1100R can be formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate 1010a. The third metal structure 1100R can be formed in the region facing the first metal structure 1310.

[0175] The first metal structure 1310 can be configured to reflect signals, and the second metal structure 1320 can be configured to adjust the phase during signal reflection and transmission. Specifically, the second metal structure 1320 is configured to reflect a portion of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern 1100p and allow the remaining signal to pass through. The transmission angle of the signal passing through the second metal structure 1320 is set to an angle different from the incident angle of the signal. Based on the transmission angle of the signal passing through the second metal structure 1320, the direction of the signal wavefront passing through the second metal structure 1320 can be steered. The first metal structure 1310 is configured to reflect the signal incident after being reflected by the second metal structure 1320, thereby allowing the signal to enter the second metal structure 1320.

[0176] The first metal structure 1310 can be formed as an AMC structure. The first metal structure 1310 may include a first AMC structure 1311 and a second AMC structure 1312. The first AMC structure 1311 can be formed in the region facing the first reflector 1110R. The second AMC structure 1312 can be formed in the region facing the second reflector 1120R.

[0177] The basic unit of the first metal structure 1310 may include multiple metal patterns to cover multiple WiFi frequency bands. The basic unit of the first metal structure 1310 may include a first metal pattern MP1 to a third metal pattern MP3. The first metal pattern MP1 may be formed as a closed-loop structure with an inner length of a first length L1p and a first width W1p. The second metal pattern MP2 is configured to enclose the first metal pattern MP1. The second metal pattern MP2 may be formed as a closed-loop structure with an inner length of a second length L2p longer than the first length L1p and a second width W2p. The third metal pattern MP3 may be configured to enclose the second metal pattern MP2. The third metal pattern MP3 may be formed as a closed-loop structure with an inner length of a third length L3p longer than the second length L2p and a third width W3p. The first metal structure 1310 may be configured with N basic units arranged along the X-axis and M basic units arranged along the Y-axis.

[0178] Antenna pattern 1110p can be configured in a region having a first width W1x along the X-axis and a first length L1y along the Y-axis. The second metal structure 1320 can be formed as a PRS structure. The second metal structure 1320 can include multiple PRS patterns. The second metal structure 1320 can include multiple PRS patterns arranged parallel and separately in the X-axis direction in a region having a second width W2x along the X-axis and a second length L2y along the Y-axis. The second width W2x can be wider than the first width W1x. The second length L2y can be longer than or the same as the first length L1y.

[0179] The plurality of PRS patterns may include a plurality of first PRS patterns 1320a configured separately from one end of antenna pattern 1110p and a plurality of second PRS patterns 1320b configured separately from the other end of antenna pattern 1110p. The plurality of PRS patterns may also include a plurality of third PRS patterns 1320c formed in a third region facing the region where antenna pattern 1100p is configured. The center of the third PRS pattern 1320c and the center of antenna pattern 1100p may be configured at the same point.

[0180] The glass substrate module that can be configured in vehicle glass and the flexible printed circuit board composed of multiple layers have been described above. The technical advantages of this glass substrate module that can be configured in vehicle glass and the flexible printed circuit board composed of multiple layers are as follows.

[0181] The technical effects of this glass substrate module, which includes a transparent antenna, and a flexible circuit board comprising multiple layers, are explained below.

[0182] According to this manual, when an antenna module is installed on a vehicle glass, multiple metal structures are arranged adjacent to the antenna element to change the beam pattern to an optimal state, thereby improving communication performance.

[0183] According to this specification, when an antenna module is installed on a vehicle glass, multiple metal structures are arranged adjacent to the antenna element, thereby allowing the direction of the beam pattern of the antenna element to be changed in the horizontal direction.

[0184] According to this specification, the thin-film antenna is formed into an on-glass structure, and the feed loss is reduced by slot coupling feed, thereby improving communication performance.

[0185] According to this specification, in a glass substrate module including a transparent antenna for a vehicle glass, a thin-film antenna and multiple metal structures are formed on a flexible circuit substrate, thereby reducing interference between multiple antennas.

[0186] According to this specification, a thin-film antenna and multiple metal structures are formed on a flexible circuit board, thereby preventing beam distortion caused by interference between the thin-film antenna and the transparent electrodes forming the transparent antenna.

[0187] The following detailed description will clarify the scope of this specification. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand the various changes and modifications made within the spirit and scope of this specification; therefore, the detailed description and specific embodiments, such as preferred embodiments, should be understood as simple examples. The scope of this specification should be determined based on a reasonable interpretation of the claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of this specification are included within its scope.

Claims

1. A glass substrate module, comprising: First glass substrate; The second glass substrate is formed by stacking it on the first glass substrate; An antenna pattern is formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate; AMC, or artificial magnetic conductor structure, is formed between the second surface of the first glass substrate and the first surface of the second glass substrate. A reflector, formed on a first surface of the first glass substrate and in the region facing the AMC structure; and PRS stands for Partial Reflective Surface Structure, which is formed on the second side of the second glass substrate.

2. The glass substrate module according to claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned PRS structure is formed to reflect a portion of the signal radiated from the aforementioned antenna pattern, while allowing the remaining portion of the signal to pass through. The transmission angle of the signal through the aforementioned PRS structure is formed to be different from the incident angle of the signal. By adjusting the transmission angle, the direction of the wavefront (steer) of the signal passing through the PRS structure is changed. The AMC structure described above is configured to reflect the incident signal after it has been reflected by the PRS structure, so that the signal is incident on the PRS structure.

3. The glass substrate module according to claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned reflectors include: The first reflector is disposed separately from one end of the antenna pattern described above; and The second reflector is configured separately from the other end of the antenna pattern described above.

4. The glass substrate module according to claim 1, wherein, The spacing between the reflector and the third antenna pattern portion on which the antenna pattern is formed is set to be at least 0.03 times the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the WiFi band.

5. The glass substrate module according to claim 3, wherein, The above AMC structure includes: A first AMC structure is formed in the region facing the first reflector; and The second AMC structure is formed in the region facing the second reflector.

6. The glass substrate module according to claim 1, wherein, The basic units of the above AMC structure include: The first metal pattern has an inner length of a first length and a first width; A second metal pattern, configured to enclose the first metal pattern, having an inner length longer than the first length and a second width; and The third metal pattern is configured to enclose the second metal pattern, with an inner length that is longer than the second length and a third width.

7. The glass substrate module according to claim 6, wherein, The second width is narrower than the first width, and the third width is narrower than the second width. In the above AMC structure, N basic units are arranged along the X-axis and M units are arranged along the Y-axis.

8. The glass substrate module according to claim 5, wherein, The antenna pattern described above is configured in a region having a first width along the X-axis and a first length along the Y-axis. The aforementioned PRS structure includes multiple PRS patterns, which are arranged parallel to and separated from the X-axis direction within a region having a second width along the X-axis direction and a first length along the Y-axis direction. The aforementioned plurality of PRS patterns include a plurality of first PRS patterns configured separately from one end of the aforementioned antenna pattern and a plurality of second PRS patterns configured separately from the other end of the aforementioned antenna pattern.

9. The glass substrate module according to claim 8, wherein, The aforementioned PRS patterns also include: The third PRS pattern is formed in a third region facing the region where the aforementioned antenna pattern is arranged. The center of the third PRS pattern and the center of the antenna pattern are located at the same point.

10. The glass substrate module according to claim 8, wherein, The aforementioned plurality of first PRS patterns include a first sub-pattern, a second sub-pattern, and a third sub-pattern arranged along a direction away from the aforementioned antenna pattern. The aforementioned plurality of second PRS patterns include a fourth sub-pattern, a fifth sub-pattern, and a sixth sub-pattern arranged along a direction away from the aforementioned antenna pattern. The first interval between the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern is greater than the second interval between the second sub-pattern and the third sub-pattern. The fourth interval between the fourth sub-pattern and the fifth sub-pattern is larger than the fifth interval between the fifth sub-pattern and the sixth sub-pattern.

11. The glass substrate module according to claim 10, wherein, The third interval between the first sub-pattern and the antenna pattern is formed to be smaller than the first interval and larger than the second interval. The sixth interval between the fourth sub-pattern and the antenna pattern is smaller than the fourth interval but larger than the fifth interval.

12. The glass substrate module according to claim 1, wherein, Also includes: A transparent antenna module is disposed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate. The aforementioned transparent antenna module includes a first antenna pattern portion and a second antenna pattern portion. The antenna pattern is positioned between the first antenna pattern portion and the second antenna pattern portion.

13. The glass substrate module according to claim 12, wherein, Also includes: The control unit controls the aforementioned transparent antenna module; as well as The connecting part enables the electrical connection between the transparent antenna and the control unit. The aforementioned connecting parts constitute a flexible printed circuit board and a coaxial cable. The aforementioned flexible printed circuit board is formed from a first region and a second region, wherein the first region is located between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, and the second region is located outside either the first glass substrate or the second glass substrate. A portion of the aforementioned first region is electrically connected to the aforementioned transparent antenna module. A portion of the aforementioned second region is electrically connected to the aforementioned coaxial cable. The antenna pattern is formed in other parts of the second region.

14. A flexible printed circuit board, comprising multiple layers, wherein the flexible printed circuit board includes: A first antenna connection portion and a second antenna connection portion are connected to the first antenna pattern portion and the second antenna pattern portion. The first antenna pattern portion and the second antenna pattern portion are formed on a transparent substrate located between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate. An antenna pattern is formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate; A first metal structure is formed between the second surface of the first glass substrate and the first surface of the second glass substrate. A second metal structure is formed on the second surface of the second glass substrate; as well as A third metal structure is formed on the first surface of the first glass substrate and in the region facing the first metal structure.

15. The flexible printed circuit board according to claim 14, wherein, The second metal structure is configured to reflect a portion of the signal radiated from the antenna pattern while allowing the remaining portion of the signal to pass through. The transmission angle of the signal through the second metal structure is formed to be different from the incident angle of the signal. By adjusting the transmission angle, the direction of the wavefront of the signal passing through the PRS structure is changed, i.e., the steer. The first metal structure is configured to reflect the incident signal after it has been reflected by the second metal structure, so that the signal is incident on the second metal structure.

16. The flexible printed circuit board according to claim 14, wherein, The aforementioned third metal structure includes: The first reflector is disposed separately from one end of the antenna pattern described above; and The second reflector is configured separately from the other end of the antenna pattern described above.

17. The flexible printed circuit board according to claim 16, wherein, The aforementioned first metal structure includes: A first AMC structure is formed in the region facing the first reflector; and The second AMC structure is formed in the region facing the second reflector.

18. The flexible printed circuit board according to claim 14, wherein, The antenna pattern described above is configured in a region having a first width along the X-axis and a first length along the Y-axis. The second metal structure includes a plurality of PRS patterns, which are arranged parallel to and separated from the X-axis in a region having a second width along the X-axis and a first length along the Y-axis. The aforementioned plurality of PRS patterns include a plurality of first PRS patterns configured separately from one end of the aforementioned antenna pattern and a plurality of second PRS patterns configured separately from the other end of the aforementioned antenna pattern.

19. The flexible printed circuit board according to claim 18, wherein, The aforementioned PRS patterns also include: The third PRS pattern is formed in a third region facing the region where the aforementioned antenna pattern is arranged. The center of the third PRS pattern and the center of the antenna pattern are located at the same point.

20. The flexible printed circuit board according to claim 14, wherein, The basic unit of the aforementioned first metal structure includes: The first metal pattern has an inner length of a first length and a first width; A second metal pattern, configured to enclose the first metal pattern, having an inner length longer than the first length and a second width; and A third metal pattern is configured to enclose the second metal pattern, having an inner length that is longer than the second length and a third width. In the first metal structure described above, N basic units are arranged along the X-axis and M units are arranged along the Y-axis.

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