Network device, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method

Abstract

A network device is provided with: a control unit for controlling, in a network, communication of a virtual network using each of one or more services; and a transmission unit that transmits prediction information associated with the communication to another network device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to network devices, wireless communication systems, and wireless communication methods that envision utilizing AIML technology in slicing techniques. Background Technology

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) standardizes fifth-generation mobile communication systems (also known as 5G, New Radio (NR), or Next Generation (NG)). Furthermore, within 3GPP, the standardization of next-generation technologies, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G, is also underway.

[0003] Furthermore, in 3GPP Release-19, a technique for virtually separating the network on a per-service basis (slicing technique) was studied (e.g., Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent literature 1: "Moderator's summary for Rel-19 RAN3 topic AI / ML for NG-RAN", RP232623, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, 3GPP, September 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0007] In addition, 3GPP Release-17 proposed a framework for RAN (Radio Access Network) implemented through AI (Artificial Intelligence) (AIML (Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning) technology).

[0008] Against this backdrop, the inventors conducted in-depth research and found that, in order to effectively utilize AIML technology in slicing, it is necessary to clarify what kind of information should be exchanged between nodes.

[0009] Therefore, this disclosure was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide a network device, wireless communication system and wireless communication method that, when utilizing AIML technology in slicing technology, can perform appropriate communication of information predicted using AIML technology.

[0010] The disclosed summary is a network device comprising: a control unit that controls communication within a network using more than one virtual network, each with its own service; and a transmission unit that transmits prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

[0011] The disclosed summary is a wireless communication system comprising a terminal and a network device disposed in a network, the network device comprising: a control unit that controls communication using more than one virtual network, each serving its own; and a transmission unit that transmits prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

[0012] The disclosed summary is a wireless communication method comprising the steps of: controlling communication in a network using more than one virtual network, each with its own service; and sending predictive information associated with the communication to other network devices. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wireless communication system 10.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the frequency ranges used in cellular networks.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of radio frames, subframes, and time slots used in cellular networks.

[0016] Figure 4 This is the function block structure diagram of UE200.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a functional block structure diagram of network device 50.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a diagram used to illustrate an AIML model.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 1.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 2.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 3.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 4.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 5.

[0024] Figure 12 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 6.

[0025] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to illustrate action example 6.

[0026] Figure 14 This is a diagram used to illustrate the changes in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 15 This is a diagram used to illustrate the changes in Example 1.

[0028] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of gNB100 and UE200.

[0029] Figure 17 This is a diagram showing a structural example of vehicle 2001. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The embodiments are described below based on the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, identical or similar labels are used to refer to the same functions and structures, and their descriptions are omitted where appropriate.

[0031] [Implementation Method]

[0032] (1) Overall general structure of wireless communication system

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wireless communication system 10 according to the embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 includes a terminal 200 (or below), a UE (User Equipment (200)), a first network 10A, and a second network 10B.

[0034] The first network 10A includes a radio access network 20A and a core network 30A. The radio access network 20A includes a base station 100A that performs wireless communication with the UE 200. Alternatively, the first network 10A may not have a radio access network 20A, but may have a base station 100A. The first network 10A may also not have a core network 30A. The base station 100A may also consist of a DU (Distributed Unit) and a CU (Central Unit). The DU may perform processing below the MAC layer. The CU may perform processing above the PDCP layer.

[0035] The first network 10A can also be a network that follows the new technology (6G). 6G can also be called Beyond 5G or 5G Evolution. The first network 10A can also be a network that follows the existing technology (5G). 5G can also be called 5G New Radio (NR).

[0036] The second network 10B includes a radio access network 20B and a core network 30B. The radio access network 20B includes a base station 100B that performs wireless communication with the UE 200. Alternatively, the second network 10B may not have a radio access network 20B, but may have a base station 100B. The second network 10B may also not have a core network 30B. The base station 100B may also consist of a DU and a CU.

[0037] The second network 10B can also be a network based on existing technology (5G). 5G can also be called 5G New Radio (NR). The second network 10B can also be a network following new technology (6G). 6G can also be called Beyond 5G or 5G Evolution.

[0038] Here, the first network 10A and the second network 10B only need to differ in their wireless access methods. For example, the wireless access method can be a cellular network wireless access method known as 5G, Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0039] First, cellular networks can support Figure 2 The multiple frequency ranges (FR) are shown. For example, as... Figure 2 As shown, the cellular network can support FR1 and FR2. The frequency bands of each FR are as follows.

[0040] FR1: 410 MHz~7.125 GHz

[0041] ·FR2-1: 24.25 GHz~52.6 GHz

[0042] FR2-2: Over 52.6GHz to 71GHz

[0043] In FR1, sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz can be used, with a bandwidth (BW) of 5–100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and can use SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), with a bandwidth (BW) of 50–400 MHz.

[0044] Furthermore, cellular networks can also support frequency bands higher than FR2. Specifically, cellular networks support frequency bands exceeding 52.6 GHz, up to 71 GHz or 114.25 GHz.

[0045] Second, cellular networks can support Figure 3 The wireless frames, subframes, and time slots shown are illustrated.

[0046] like Figure 3As shown, one time slot consists of 14 symbols. The larger (wider) the SCS, the shorter the symbol period (and time slot period). In addition to 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz, SCS can also be 480kHz, 960kHz, etc.

[0047] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one time slot does not necessarily have to be 14 symbols (e.g., 28 symbols, 56 symbols). Moreover, the number of time slots in each subframe can also vary depending on the SCS.

[0048] in addition, Figure 3 The time direction (t) shown can also be referred to as the time domain, symbol period, or symbol time, etc. Furthermore, the frequency direction can also be referred to as the frequency domain, resource block, subcarrier, bandwidth part (BWP), etc.

[0049] (2) Functional block structure of wireless communication system

[0050] The functional block structure of the wireless communication system 10 will be described below.

[0051] First, the functional block structure of UE200 will be explained.

[0052] Figure 4 This is the function block structure diagram of UE200. (Example) Figure 4 As shown, the UE200 includes a wireless signal transceiver unit 210, an amplifier unit 220, a modem unit 230, and a control signal transceiver unit 20. Reference signal processing unit 240, encoding / decoding unit 250, data transceiver unit 260 and control unit 270.

[0053] The wireless transceiver unit 210 transmits and receives wireless signals based on 5G or 6G. The wireless transceiver unit 210 supports massive MIMO, CA using multiple CCs, and DC that enables simultaneous communication between the UE and each of the two NG-RAN nodes.

[0054] The amplification unit 220 is composed of a power amplifier (PA) and a low-noise amplifier (LNA). The amplification unit 220 amplifies the signal output from the modem 230 to a predetermined power level. Additionally, the amplification unit 220 amplifies the RF signal output from the wireless transceiver unit 210.

[0055] The modem 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmit power setting, and resource block allocation for each predetermined communication target (gNB100 or other gNB). Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) / Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread (DFT-S-OFDM) can also be applied in the modem 230. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM can be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0056] The control signal and reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to various control signals transmitted and received by the UE200, as well as processing related to various reference signals transmitted and received by the UE200.

[0057] Specifically, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 receives various control signals transmitted from the gNB 100 via a predetermined control channel, such as control signals from the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. Additionally, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 transmits various control signals to the gNB 100 via the predetermined control channel.

[0058] The control signal and reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing using reference signals (RS) such as demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) and phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS).

[0059] DM-RS is a terminal-specific reference signal (pilot signal) known between the base station and the terminal, used for estimating fading channels used in data demodulation. PT-RS is a terminal-specific reference signal used for estimating phase noise, which is a problem in the high-frequency band.

[0060] In addition to DM-RS and PT-RS, the reference signal may also include Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for location information.

[0061] In addition, channels include control channels and data channels. Control channels may include PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), RACH (Random Access Channel), downlink control information (DCI) containing the Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), and physical broadcast channel (PBCH), etc.

[0062] In addition, data channels include PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Data refers to data transmitted via a data channel. A data channel can also be replaced by a shared channel.

[0063] Here, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 can receive downlink control information (DCI). The DCI, as an existing field, includes fields storing DCI formats, carrier indicator (CI), BWP indicator, FDRA (Frequency Domain Resource Assignment), TDRA (Time Domain Resource Assignment), MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), HPN (HARQ Process Number), NDI (New Data Indicator), RV (Redundancy Version), etc.

[0064] The DCI format field stores information elements specifying the DCI format. The CI field stores information elements specifying the CC for which the DCI is applied. The BWP indicator field stores information elements specifying the BWP for which the DCI is applied. The BWP that can be specified through the BWP indicator is set by the information element (BandwidthPart-Config) contained in the RRC message. The FDRA field stores information elements specifying the frequency domain resources for which the DCI is applied. Frequency domain resources are determined by the value stored in the FDRA field and the information element (RA Type) contained in the RRC message. The TDRA field stores information elements specifying the time domain resources for which the DCI is applied. Time domain resources are determined by the value stored in the TDRA field and the information elements (pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationList, pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList) contained in the RRC message. Time domain resources can be determined by the value stored in the TDRA field and the default table. The MCS field stores information elements specifying the MCS for which the DCI is applied. MCS is determined by the value stored in the MCS field and the MCS table. The MCS table can be specified via RRC messages or determined via RNTI scrambling. The value stored in the HPN field is an information element specifying the HARQProcess of the applied DCI. The value stored in the NDI field is an information element used to determine whether the data used in the applied DCI is initial data. The value stored in the RV field is an information element specifying the redundancy of the data used in the applied DCI.

[0065] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs data segmentation / linking and channel encoding / decoding for each predetermined communication target (gNB100 or other gNB).

[0066] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 250 divides the data output from the data transceiver unit 260 into predetermined sizes and performs channel coding on the divided data. Additionally, the encoding / decoding unit 250 decodes the data output from the modem unit 230 and concatenates the decoded data.

[0067] The data transceiver unit 260 performs the transmission and reception of Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs). Specifically, the data transceiver unit 260 performs the assembly / disassembly of PDUs / SDUs in multiple layers (Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), etc.). In addition, the data transceiver unit 260 performs error correction and retransmission control based on HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request).

[0068] The control unit 270 controls the functional blocks constituting the UE 200. In an embodiment, it is also conceivable that the control unit 270 employs a technique of virtually separating the network on a per-service basis (slicing technique) in the first network 10A. The control unit 270 may also control communication in the first network 10A for virtual networks using more than one service. A service or virtual network may also be referred to as a slice.

[0069] Second, the functional block structure of network device 50 will be described. For example, network device 50 is disposed in a first network 10A or a second network 10B. That is, network device 50 can be a base station 100A, a CU constituting a part of base station 100A, or a DU constituting a part of base station 100A. Network device 50 can be a base station 100B, a CU constituting a part of base station 100B, or a DU constituting a part of base station 100B.

[0070] like Figure 5 As shown, the network device 50 includes a receiving unit 51, a transmitting unit 52, and a control unit 53.

[0071] The receiving unit 51 receives various signals from the UE200. The receiving unit 51 can receive control signals (PUCCH) and data signals (PUSCH).

[0072] The transmitting unit 52 transmits various signals to the UE200. The transmitting unit 52 can transmit control signals (PDCCH) and data signals (PDSCH).

[0073] In an embodiment, when network device 50 is provided in the first network 10A, the transmitting unit 52 may also be configured to transmit prediction information (hereinafter referred to as slice association prediction information) associated with communication of virtual networks using more than one service to other network devices.

[0074] Furthermore, when the network device 50 is installed in the second network 10B, the receiving unit 51 can also receive slice association prediction information.

[0075] The control unit 53 controls the various blocks constituting the network device 50. When the network device 50 is configured in a first network 10A, the control unit 130 controls the communication of the first network 10A. The communication of the first network 10A may also include communication using more than one virtual network (Slice) for each service. The communication of the first network 10A may include communication of uplink signals (PUCCH, PUSCH) transmitted from the UE 200, and may also include communication of downlink signals (PDCCH, PDSCH) transmitted from the base station 100A. The communication of the first network 10A may also include reference signals (SRS) transmitted from the UE 200. The communication of the first network 10A may include communication of synchronization signals (SSB; Synchronization Signal Block) transmitted from the base station 100A, and reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, DM-RS, PT-RS, PRS, TRS (Tracking Reference Signal)) transmitted from the base station 100A. SSB can also include PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), PBCH, and DM-RS for PBCH (DM-RS of PBCH).

[0076] In an implementation, the control unit 130 may also be configured to perform communication in a network (e.g., a first network 10A) using one or more virtual networks (slices) for each service.

[0077] Furthermore, when network device 50 is installed in the second network 10B, control unit 130 can also control the communication of the second network 10B under the premise of performing communication using slices in the first network 10A. The communication of the second network 10B may also include communication using more than one virtual network (Slice) for each service. The communication of the second network 10B may include communication of uplink signals (PUCCH, PUSCH) sent from UE 200, and may also include communication of downlink signals (PDCCH, PDSCH) sent from base station 100B. The communication of the second network 10B may also include SRS sent from UE 200. The communication of the second network 10B may include communication of synchronization signals (SSB) sent from base station 100B, and reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, DM-RS, PT-RS, PRS, TRS) sent from base station 100B. SSB may also include PSS, SSS, PBCH, and DM-RS for PBCH (DM-RS of PBCH).

[0078] (3) Problem

[0079] In 3GPP Release-19, a technique for virtually separating the network according to each service (slicing technique) was studied. Moreover, in 3GPP Release-17, a framework for RAN (Radio Access Network) implemented through AI (Artificial Intelligence) (AIML (Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning) technology) was proposed.

[0080] Against this backdrop, the inventors conducted in-depth research and found that, in order to effectively utilize AIML technology in slicing, it is necessary to clarify what kind of information should be exchanged between nodes.

[0081] (4) AIML model

[0082] The AIML model will be explained below. The AIML model can be used to measure (predict) the slice association prediction information mentioned above.

[0083] like Figure 6 As shown, an AIML model can include functions such as data collection, model training, model interface, model management / performance monitoring, and model storage.

[0084] Data collection gathers input data for the model used to measure (predict) information. Data collection outputs input data (Training Data) to model training. Data collection outputs input data (Monitoring Data) to model management / performance monitoring. Data collection outputs input data (Interface Data) to the model interface.

[0085] Model training, based on training data, involves training, validating, and testing a model to measure (predict) the information to be predicted. Model training may perform preprocessing of the training data, such as cleaning, formatting, and transforming it. The trained or updated model is then output to model storage.

[0086] The Model Interface uses models retrieved from Model Storage to output prediction information corresponding to the input data (Interface Data). The Model Interface can also provide prediction information as feedback to Model Management / Performance Monitoring.

[0087] Model management / performance monitoring outputs information to the model interface to determine the model used in the model interface (Model Interface Control). This determination can also be referred to as activation, deactivation, selection, switch, fallback, etc. Model management / performance monitoring, based on input data (Monitoring Data) and prediction information (Output), outputs information to model training for model retraining or updating (Model Training Control).

[0088] Model storage stores the models output from model training. Model storage then outputs the stored models to the model interface. This output can also be referred to as model deliver / transfer.

[0089] In this context, data collection and model interfaces can be set up at least on nodes of the first network 10A (e.g., base stations 100A, DU, etc.). Model training, model management / performance monitoring, and model storage can be set up on nodes of the first network 10A (e.g., base stations 100A, DU, CU, etc.), or on nodes of the core network 30A.

[0090] (5) Action Examples

[0091] To solve the aforementioned problem, the following actions can also be performed. Hereinafter, assuming that communication using slices is performed in the first network 10A, the network device 50 of the first network 10A sends slice association prediction information to the second network 10B. As an example of action, consider the following example.

[0092] (5-1) Example 1 of the action

[0093] In Action Example 1, the direct communication between RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2 is described. RAN Node 1 is an example of other network devices, and could also be a node of the radio access network 20B of the second network 10B (e.g., base station 100B). RAN Node 2 could also be a node of the radio access network 20A of the first network 10A (e.g., base station 100A).

[0094] like Figure 7 As shown, in step S10, RAN node 1 sends a message requesting slice association prediction information to RAN node 2. The data collection request may include one or more pieces of information selected from the cell ID of the object requesting slice association prediction information, the reporting periodicity, and the requested prediction time.

[0095] The data collection request may also include information identifying RAN Node 1 (Source RAN ID). The Source RAN ID may include information identifying the RAN (Global 5G / 6G RAN ID) or information identifying the selected area (Selected 5GC / 6GC TAI (Tracking Area Identity)).

[0096] The data collection request may also include information identifying RAN Node 2 (Target RAN ID). The Target RAN ID may include information identifying the RAN (Global 5G / 6G RANID) or information identifying the selected region (Selected 5GC / 6GC TAI).

[0097] A data collection request may also include information related to cells in the reportable list. The reportable list may include information related to cells in the reportable items. The reportable item may include information related to the cell ID and the predicted slice of the item. The predicted slice may include information identifying the PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) (PLMN ID) and a list of S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information).

[0098] In step S11, RAN node 2 sends a message including slice association prediction information (Datacollection response) to RAN node 1. The slice association prediction information may include prediction information related to the objects and items requested through the Data collection request. The slice association prediction information may also include at least any of the information shown below.

[0099] In option 1-1, the slice-associated prediction information may include the capacity prediction information obtained through slicing (Predicted slice available capacity).

[0100] In options 1-2, slice-related prediction information may include predicted usage information of resources that guarantee speed in the DL / UL used in the slice (Predicted Slice GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) PRB (Physical Resource Block) usage).

[0101] In options 1-3, slice association prediction information may include predicted usage information for resources whose speed cannot be guaranteed in the DL / UL used in the slice (Predicted Slice Non-GBR PRB usage).

[0102] In options 1-4, the slice association prediction information may include the predicted total DL / UL PRB allocation for the DL / UL resources used in the slice.

[0103] In options 1-5, the slice-associated prediction information may include the predicted number of UEs per slice.

[0104] In options 1-6, the slice association prediction information may include the predicted number of UEs per slice group (NSAG; Network Slice As Group) for each group of virtual networks.

[0105] In options 1-7, the slice-associated prediction information may include the predicted load information per slice.

[0106] In options 1-8, the slice-related prediction information may include predicted slice load statistics for each slice.

[0107] In options 1-9, the slice-associated prediction information may include the predicted number of PDU session establishments per slice.

[0108] In options 1-10, the slice association prediction information may include predicted slice congestion level information for each slice. Although there are no specific restrictions, the level can be represented by an index with an upper limit of 100, or it can be a value of 50, 100, etc.

[0109] In addition to slice-related prediction information, the data collection response may also include prediction information associated with MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) (hereinafter referred to as MIMO-related prediction information). MIMO-related prediction information may also include at least one of the information shown below.

[0110] In option 2-1, the MIMO-related prediction information may include predicted DL / UL GBR PRB usage for MIMO, which guarantees speed in the DL / UL.

[0111] In option 2-2, the MIMO-related prediction information may include predicted DL / UL non-GBR PRB usage for MIMO, where the speed is not guaranteed in the DL / UL.

[0112] In options 2-3, the MIMO-related prediction information may include the predicted total resource usage for MIMO in the DL / UL.

[0113] In Action Example 1, RAN Node 2 can send a notification of the measurement failure of the prediction information requested via a data collection request to RAN Node 1. RAN Node 2 can also send the reason for the measurement failure to RAN Node 1.

[0114] In Action Example 1, RAN Node 2 can send a data collection response based on the data collection request.

[0115] In Action Example 1, RAN Node 2 can periodically send data collection responses. The period of the data collection response can be specified by the data collection request, can be predetermined in the wireless communication system 10, or can be determined by the installation of RAN Node 2.

[0116] In Action Example 1, RAN Node 2 can append the time (Timestamp) of the predicted information included in the predicted data collection response to the predicted information.

[0117] As described above, in Action Example 1, RAN Node 2 sends a data collection response directly to RAN Node 1 without going through the core network.

[0118] (5-2) Action Example 2

[0119] In Action Example 2, the indirect communication between RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2 is described. RAN Node 1 is an example of another network device, and could also be a node of the radio access network 20B of the second network 10B (e.g., base station 100B). RAN Node 2 could also be a node of the radio access network 20A of the first network 10A (e.g., base station 100A). The AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) could be an example of a 5GC node.

[0120] like Figure 8 As shown, in step S20, RAN node 1 sends a message to AMF / 6GC requesting slice association prediction information (Data collection request). The details of the Data collection request can also be the same as in action example 1.

[0121] In step S21, AMF / 6GC sends a data collection request to RAN node 2.

[0122] In step S22, RAN node 2 sends a message containing slice association prediction information (Datacollection response) to AMF / 6GC. The details of the Data collection response can also be the same as in action example 1.

[0123] In step S23, AMF / 6GC sends a data collection response to RAN node 1.

[0124] As described above, in Action Example 2, RAN Node 2 indirectly sends a data collection response to RAN Node 1 via the core network.

[0125] (5-3) Action Example 3

[0126] In Action Example 3, the indirect communication between the 5G RAN and the 6G RAN is described. The 5G RAN is an example of other network devices, and can also be a node of the radio access network 20B of the second network 10B (e.g., base station 100B). The 6G RAN can also be a node of the radio access network 20A of the first network 10A (e.g., base station 100A).

[0127] like Figure 9 As shown, in step S30, the 5G RAN sends a message to the 5GC requesting slice association prediction information (Datacollection request). The details of the Data collection request can also be the same as in action example 1.

[0128] In step S31, 5GC sends a data collection request to 6GC.

[0129] In step S32, the 6GC sends a data collection request to the 6G RAN.

[0130] In step S33, the 6G RAN sends a message containing slice association prediction information (Data collection response) to the 6GC. The details of the Data collection response can also be the same as in Action Example 1.

[0131] In step S34, 6GC sends a data collection response to 5GC.

[0132] In step S35, the 5GC sends a data collection response to the 5G RAN.

[0133] As described above, in Action Example 3, the 6G RAN indirectly sends the data collection response to the 5G RAN via the core network.

[0134] (5-4) Action Example 4

[0135] In Action Example 4, the indirect communication between the 6G RAN and the 5G RAN is described. The 6G RAN is an example of other network devices, and can also be a node of the radio access network 20B of the second network 10B (e.g., base station 100B). The 5G RAN can also be a node of the radio access network 20A of the first network 10A (e.g., base station 100A).

[0136] like Figure 10 As shown, in step S40, the 6G RAN sends a message to the 6GC requesting slice association prediction information (Datacollection request). The details of the Data collection request can also be the same as in Action Example 1.

[0137] In step S41, 6GC sends a data collection request to 5GC.

[0138] In step S42, the 5GC sends a data collection request to the 5G RAN.

[0139] In step S43, the 5G RAN sends a message containing slice association prediction information (Data collection response) to the 5GC. The details of the Data collection response can also be the same as in Action Example 1.

[0140] In step S44, 5GC sends a data collection response to 6GC.

[0141] In step S45, the 6GC sends a data collection response to the 6G RAN.

[0142] As described above, in Action Example 4, the 5G RAN indirectly sends the data collection response to the 6G RAN via the core network.

[0143] (5-5) Example of action 5

[0144] In Action Example 5, direct communication between RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2 will be described. RAN Node 1 is an example of other network devices, and could also be a node of the radio access network 20B of the second network 10B (e.g., base station 100B). RAN Node 2 could also be a node of the radio access network 20A of the first network 10A (e.g., base station 100A).

[0145] like Figure 11As shown, RAN Node 2 sends a message to RAN Node 1 related to updates to the collected information (Datacollection update). The Data collection update may include a Cell Info Result List.

[0146] First, the Cell Info Result List can include the information shown below.

[0147] The Cell Info Result List can include items representing the results of information predicted in AIML (CellAI / ML Info Result Item).

[0148] The Cell Info Result List can include the cell ID associated with the update of information.

[0149] Second, the Cell Info Result List may include slice association prediction information containing at least one of the following information.

[0150] In option 3-1, the slice-associated prediction information may include the predicted slice available capacity. The predicted slice available capacity may include information identifying the PLMN (PLMN ID) and a list of predicted S-NSSAI available capacity information obtained through slicing (Predicted S-NSSAI available capacity list). The predicted S-NSSAI available capacity list may include S-NSSAI, the predicted slice available capacity value downlink obtained through slicing, and the predicted slice available capacity value uplink obtained through slicing.

[0151] In option 3-2, the slice-associated prediction information may include a list of predicted number of UEs per slice. The predicted number of UEs per slice list may include information identifying the slice (slice ID (S-NSSAI)) and the predicted number of UEs per slice for each slice.

[0152] In option 3-3, the slice association prediction information may include a list of predicted number of UEs per slice group (NSAG) for each group of the virtual network. The predicted number of UEs per slice group (NSAG) list may include information identifying the NSAG (NSAG ID) and the predicted number of UEs per slice group (NSAG) for each group of the virtual network.

[0153] In options 3-4, the slice-associated prediction information may include the predicted load information per slice.

[0154] In options 3-5, the slice-related prediction information may include predicted slice load statistics for each slice.

[0155] In options 3-6, the slice-associated prediction information may include the predicted number of PDU session establishments per slice.

[0156] In options 3-7, the slice association prediction information may include predicted slice congestion level information for each slice. Although there are no specific restrictions, the level can be represented by an index with an upper limit of 100, or it can be a value of 50, 100, etc.

[0157] Third, the Cell Info Result List may include information related to the predicted radio resource status. The predicted radio resource status may include a list of predicted radio resource statuses (Predicted slice radio resource status item). The predicted slice radio resource status item may include information identifying the PLMN (PLMN ID) and slice prediction association information (Predicted S-NSSAI radio resource status item). The slice prediction association information may also include at least one of the following pieces of information.

[0158] In option 4-1, the slice prediction association information may include information that identifies the slice (slice ID (S-NSSAI)).

[0159] In option 4-2, slice-related prediction information may include predicted resource usage (Predicted Slice GBR PRB (Physical Resource Block) usage) by guaranteeing speed in the DL / UL used in the slice.

[0160] In option 4-3, slice association prediction information may include predicted usage information for resources whose speed cannot be guaranteed in the DL / UL used in the slice (Predicted Slice Non-GBR PRB usage).

[0161] In option 4-4, the slice association prediction information may include the predicted total DL / UL PRB allocation for the DL / UL resources used in the slice.

[0162] In addition to slice association prediction information, the predicted slice radio resource status item may also include MIMO association prediction information. MIMO association prediction information may also include at least one of the following types of information.

[0163] In option 5-1, the MIMO-related prediction information may include predicted DL / UL GBR PRB usage for MIMO, which guarantees speed in the DL / UL.

[0164] In option 5-2, the MIMO-related prediction information may include predicted DL / UL non-GBR PRB usage for MIMO, where the speed is not guaranteed in the DL / UL.

[0165] In option 5-3, the MIMO-related prediction information may include the predicted DL / UL total PRB usage for MIMO.

[0166] As described above, in Action Example 5, RAN Node 2 sends data collection updates directly to RAN Node 1 without going through the core network.

[0167] (5-6) Example 6 of the action

[0168] In Action Example 6, the direct communication between DU and CU is described. DU is a node of the wireless access network 20A of the first network 10A. CU is an example of other network devices, and may also be a node of the wireless access network 20A of the first network 10A.

[0169] like Figure 12 As shown, in step S60, the CU sends a message to the DU requesting slice association prediction information (Data collection request). The details of the data collection request can also be the same as in action example 1.

[0170] In step S61, the DU sends a message containing slice association prediction information (Data collection response) to the CU. The details of the slice association prediction information can be the same as in Action Example 1.

[0171] As described above, in Action Example 6, the DU sends a data collection response directly to the CU without going through the core network.

[0172] (5-7) Example 7 of the action

[0173] In Action Example 7, the direct communication between DU and CU is described. DU is a node of the wireless access network 20A of the first network 10A. CU is an example of other network devices, and may also be a node of the wireless access network 20A of the first network 10A.

[0174] like Figure 13As shown, the DU sends a message related to the update of the collected information (Data collection update) to the CU. The details of the Data collection update can also be the same as in Action Example 5.

[0175] As described above, in Action Example 7, the DU sends a data collection update directly to the CU without going through the core network.

[0176] (6) Functions and effects

[0177] In this implementation, network device 50 sends slice association prediction information to other network devices. Based on this structure, other network devices can anticipate the congestion status of each slice based on the slice association prediction information, thus preventing resource strain on a particular slice from occurring. Furthermore, it optimizes the construction of virtual networks (Slices) and effectively allocates capacity to other network devices.

[0178] In this implementation, network device 50 sends MIMO association prediction information to other network devices. Based on this structure, other network devices can anticipate MIMO resources based on the MIMO association prediction information, enabling efficient allocation of capacity to other network devices.

[0179] (7) Example of modification 1

[0180] Hereinafter, a modified example 1 of the implementation method will be described. The following mainly describes the differences from the implementation method.

[0181] In Variation Example 1, the utilization of messages sent from the core network to subordinate RAN nodes within the core network in the event of overload in the core network (e.g., AMF or 6GC) is explained. In Variation Example 1, future core network load or overload can be measured (predicted) using AIML.

[0182] In this case, the core network can include the elements that make up an AIML model: data collection, model training, and model interface. Model training can be set up at the OAM (Operation and Management) node.

[0183] In Example 1, the nodes of the core network may constitute network device 50, and the RAN nodes under the core network may constitute other network devices.

[0184] First, the nodes of the core network (network device 50) can send messages to the RAN nodes containing information related to future loads measured (predicted) via AIML (hereinafter referred to as Load Information). The Load Information may include Load Information for each slice.

[0185] For example, such as Figure 14 As shown, when the node in the core network is an AMF, in step S80, the AMF sends a message containing load information (Predicted AMF load) to the RAN node.

[0186] Second, the nodes of the core network (network device 50) can send a message to the RAN nodes containing information related to future overloads measured (predicted) by AIML (hereinafter referred to as Overload Information). The Overload Information may also contain at least one of the following types of information.

[0187] In option 6-1, the overload information can include a predicted slice overload list. The predicted slice overload list is an example of slice-associated prediction information. The predicted slice overload list can include S-NSSAI and the predicted load information per slice.

[0188] In option 6-2, overload information may include a predicted slice overload response. A predicted slice overload response is an example of slice-associated prediction information. A predicted slice overload response may include responses such as: Reject RRC connection establishments for non-emergency MO DT, Reject RRC connection establishments for Signaling, Permit Emergency Sessions and mobile terminated services only, and Permit High Priority Sessions and mobile terminated services only.

[0189] In option 6-3, the overload information may include information indicating the probability of future overload in the core network (Predicted traffic load reduction indication). The Predicted traffic load reduction indication may also include the probability of generating a response for each response as described in option 6-2.

[0190] In option 6-4, the overload information may include information indicating a future moment when an overload occurs in the core network (timestamp). The timestamp may also include the moment when a response is generated for each response, as described in option 6-2.

[0191] For example, such as Figure 14 As shown, when the node in the core network is an AMF, in step S80, the AMF sends a message containing overload information to the RAN node (Predicted AMF overload start: predicted AMF overload starts).

[0192] Third, the nodes of the core network (network device 50) can send a message to the RAN nodes containing information (overload end information) related to the future end of the overload as measured (predicted) by AIML. The overload end information may include information indicating the future time of the end of the overload generated in the core network (timestamp).

[0193] For example, such as Figure 15 As shown, when the node in the core network is an AMF, in step S90, the AMF sends a message containing overload end information to the RAN node (Predicted AMF overload stop: predicted AMF overload stop).

[0194] In Modification Example 1, the core network node (network device 50) sends Overload information containing slice association prediction information to the RAN node. With this configuration, the RAN node can prevent overload of the core network node by performing UE200 release (RRC release) on a per-slice basis. Alternatively, the RAN node can reject access requests for new UE200s on a per-slice basis, allowing new UE200s to connect to other core network nodes, thereby preventing overload of the core network node.

[0195] (8) Other implementation methods

[0196] The present invention has been described above according to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and various modifications and improvements can be made, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0197] The block structure diagram used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (components) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within the aforementioned single or multiple devices.

[0198] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (component) that enables the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0199] Furthermore, the aforementioned network device 50 and UE200 (the device) can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method disclosed herein. Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of the device. (As shown...) Figure 16 As shown, the device can also be configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0200] Additionally, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of the device can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0201] The functional blocks of the device (refer to) Figure 4 and Figure 5 This can be achieved through any hardware element or combination of hardware elements of the computer device.

[0202] Furthermore, the functions of the device are implemented by reading predetermined software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0203] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc.

[0204] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one direction of memory 1002 in the storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. The program is used to cause the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. Moreover, the various processes described above can be executed by one processor 1001, or by two or more processors 1001 simultaneously or sequentially. The processor 1001 can also be implemented using one or more chips. Furthermore, the program can also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0205] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and random access memory (RAM). The memory 1002 may be referred to as a register, cache memory, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 may store programs (program code), software modules, etc., capable of executing the methods involved in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0206] Storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: optical disc (CD-ROM, Compact Disc ROM), hard disk drive, floppy disk, magneto-optical disc (e.g., compact disc, digital multipurpose disc, Blu-ray disc), smart card, flash memory (e.g., card, stick, key drive), floppy disk, magnetic stripe, etc. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The aforementioned recording medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0207] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. For example, it may also be called a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc.

[0208] The communication device 1004 may also be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

[0209] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0210] Furthermore, devices such as processor 1001 and memory 1002 are connected via bus 1007 for communicating information. Bus 1007 can be configured using a single bus or different buses can be used between each device.

[0211] Furthermore, the device can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can be used to implement some or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0212] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, the notification of information may also be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or combinations thereof. In addition, RRC signaling may also be referred to as RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0213] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to systems utilizing Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Super 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems based on these systems and extended therefrom. Alternatively, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0214] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this disclosure may be changed in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order in the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0215] In this disclosure, specific actions performed by the base station are sometimes also performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, various actions performed for communication with a terminal can obviously be performed by at least one of the base station and other network nodes besides the base station (e.g., consider MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, but it can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0216] It can output information and signals (information, etc.) from a higher (or lower) level to a lower (or higher) level. It can also be input or output through multiple network nodes.

[0217] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0218] The determination can be made by the value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by comparing numerical values ​​(e.g., comparing with a predetermined value).

[0219] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not being notified of the predetermined information).

[0220] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0221] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0222] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0223] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0224] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0225] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can be indicated using indexes.

[0226] The names used for the parameters described above are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters may sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any appropriate name, and therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0227] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0228] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0229] Terms such as “cell” or “sector” refer to a portion or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station or at least one of the base station subsystems that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0230] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" are used interchangeably.

[0231] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0232] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body can be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), a mobile body moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). In addition, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication. For example, at least one of the base station and mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0233] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a mobile station (user terminal, hereinafter the same). For example, various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied to structures that replace communication between the base station and the mobile station with communication between multiple mobile stations (e.g., also referred to as D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the mobile station has the functions of the base station. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be replaced with side channel.

[0234] Similarly, the mobile station in this disclosure can be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of a mobile station.

[0235] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. In the time domain, one or more frames can be called subframes.

[0236] Subframes can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. Subframes can be of a fixed duration (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0237] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0238] A time slot can be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0239] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0240] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0241] For example, a single subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a single time slot or a single mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe or TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., symbols 1-13), or a period longer than 1ms. Furthermore, the unit representing TTI can also be called a time slot, mini-time slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0242] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc. available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0243] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than that TTI.

[0244] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can also be controlled.

[0245] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a regular TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a regular subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0246] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can be understood as a TTI with a duration of more than 1ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can be understood as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1ms.

[0247] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0248] Furthermore, the time domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, and can be 1 time slot, 1 mini-time slot, 1 subframe, or 1 TTI in length. 1 TTI, 1 subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0249] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0250] Furthermore, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, 1 RE can be a radio resource area with 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.

[0251] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a given carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0252] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. For a UE, one or more BWPs can be set within one carrier.

[0253] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and it is not assumed that the UE will transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. In addition, "cell", "carrier", etc. in this disclosure can be replaced by "BWP".

[0254] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc., can be varied in many ways.

[0255] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, and can include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0256] The reference signal can be simply called the Reference Signal (RS), or, depending on the standard applied, the pilot.

[0257] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0258] Alternatively, the term "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section," "circuit," "equipment," etc.

[0259] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to "first" and "second" elements do not imply that only two elements can be used herein, or that in any form the first element must precede the second element.

[0260] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0261] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0262] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Moreover, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include matters that are considered as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0263] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Furthermore, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0264] Figure 17 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 17 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0265] The drive unit 2002 may consist of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor.

[0266] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel) configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0267] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021-2027 of the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0268] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2028 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal input signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal input signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0269] The Information Service Unit 2012 consists of various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, which provide various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of vehicle 1.

[0270] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0271] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 2028 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0272] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0273] The communication module 2013 transmits the current signal from the current sensor input to the electronic control unit 2010 to an external device via wireless communication. Additionally, the communication module 2013 also transmits the following signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 via wireless communication to external devices: the front and rear wheel speed signals obtained by the speed sensor 2022; the front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by the air pressure sensor 2023; the vehicle speed signal obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 2024; the acceleration signal obtained by the acceleration sensor 2025; the accelerator pedal depressor signal obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 2029; the brake pedal depressor signal obtained by the brake pedal sensor 2026; the gear shift lever operation signal obtained by the gear shift lever sensor 2027; and the detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc., obtained by the object detection sensor 2028.

[0274] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided by the vehicle. Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gearshift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, and sensors 2021-2028 provided by the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0275] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0276] (Postscript)

[0277] The aforementioned disclosure can also be expressed as follows.

[0278] The first characteristic is that it is a network device that possesses: The control unit controls communication within the network that utilizes more than one virtual network, each with its own service; and The transmitting unit sends prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

[0279] The second feature is that, in the first feature, the prediction information associated with the communication includes one or more pieces of information selected from the following: prediction number information of terminals of each virtual network, prediction number information of terminals of each group of virtual networks, prediction load information of each virtual network, prediction load statistics of each virtual network, prediction number information of set sessions of each virtual network, and congestion level prediction information of each virtual network.

[0280] The third feature is that, in the first or second feature, the transmitting unit directly transmits the prediction information associated with the communication to the other network device without passing through the core network.

[0281] The fourth feature is that, in the first or second feature, the transmitting unit indirectly transmits the prediction information associated with the communication to the other network device via the core network.

[0282] The fifth feature is a wireless communication system comprising: a terminal; and a network device disposed in a network, the network device comprising: a control unit that controls communication using one or more virtual networks, each serving its own; and a transmission unit that transmits prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

[0283] The sixth feature is a wireless communication method comprising the steps of: controlling communication in a network using more than one virtual network, each with its own service; and sending prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

[0284] Label Explanation

[0285] 10: Wireless Communication System

[0286] 10A First Network

[0287] 10B Second Network

[0288] 20A, 20B Wireless Access Network

[0289] 30A, 30B Core Network

[0290] 50 network devices

[0291] 51 Receiving Department

[0292] 52. Sending Department

[0293] 53 Control Department

[0294] 100A, 100B base stations

[0295] 200 UE

[0296] 210: Wireless Signal Transceiver Unit

[0297] 220: Enlarged section

[0298] 230 Modulation and Demodulation Section

[0299] 240: Control Signal & Reference Signal Processing Unit

[0300] 250 Encoding / Decoding Unit

[0301] 260: Data Transceiver Department

[0302] 270 Control Department

[0303] 1001 processor

[0304] 1002 Memory

[0305] 1003 Storage device

[0306] 1004 Communication device

[0307] 1005 Input Device

[0308] 1006 Output Device

[0309] 1007 bus

[0310] Vehicle 2001

[0311] 2002 Drive Unit

[0312] 2003 Steering Unit

[0313] 2004 Accelerator Pedal

[0314] 2005 Brake Pedal

[0315] 2006 gearshift lever

[0316] Front wheels around 2007

[0317] 2008 rear wheels (left and right)

[0318] 2009 axle

[0319] 2010 Electronic Control Department

[0320] 2012 Information Service Department

[0321] 2013 Communication Module

[0322] 2021 Current Sensor

[0323] 2022 Speed ​​Sensor

[0324] 2023 Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0325] 2024 vehicle speed sensor

[0326] 2025 Accelerometer

[0327] 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor

[0328] 2027 Gearshift sensor

[0329] 2028 Object Detection Sensor

[0330] 2029 Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0331] 2030 Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0332] 2031: Microprocessors

[0333] 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0334] 2033: Communication Port

Claims

1. A network device comprising: The control unit controls communication within the network that utilizes more than one virtual network, each with its own service; and The transmitting unit sends prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

2. The network device according to claim 1, wherein, The prediction information associated with the communication includes one or more of the following: predicted number of terminals for each virtual network, predicted number of terminals for each group of virtual networks, predicted load information for each virtual network, predicted load statistics for each virtual network, predicted number of sessions for each virtual network, and predicted congestion level for each virtual network.

3. The network device according to claim 1, wherein, The transmitting unit sends the prediction information associated with the communication directly to the other network devices without going through the core network.

4. The network device according to claim 1, wherein, The transmitting unit indirectly transmits the prediction information associated with the communication to the other network devices via the core network.

5. A wireless communication system comprising: Terminal; and Network devices, which are installed in the network, The network device includes: A control unit that controls communication within the network using more than one virtual network, each with its own service; and The transmitting unit sends prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

6. A wireless communication method comprising the following steps: Controlling communication within a network that uses more than one service's virtual network; and Send prediction information associated with the communication to other network devices.

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