Comprehensive machining equipment and method for gantry double-layer structure cross beam for machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses comprehensive machining equipment and method for a gantry double-layer structure cross beam for a machine tool, and mainly relates to the field of cross beam machining. Comprising a gate-type milling machine system, a milling head module is carried on a cross beam, a feedback system is arranged on the edge side, close to a stand column on one side, of a machine body, the feedback system comprises a detection sliding table which is located above and / or on the inclined side of a workpiece and has a linear stroke in the length direction of the machine body, and a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate and a third mounting plate are carried on the detection sliding table; the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are arranged corresponding to the two rail mounting surfaces on the top surface, the third mounting plate is arranged corresponding to the third rail mounting surface on the side surface or the third rail mounting surface on the step surface, and the first mounting plate, the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate are respectively provided with two groups of detection units which are arranged in parallel. The method has the beneficial effects that the plane trend can be evaluated based on the double-straight-line contour, so that the geometrical characteristics of the guide rail mounting surface are fed back in time in the machining process, and the machining precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of beam processing, specifically to a comprehensive processing equipment and method for a gantry double-layer structure beam for machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] In the industry, the crossbeam of a machine tool gantry is commonly referred to as a "crossbeam" or "bridge crossbeam." In a gantry machining center, it is the core component connecting the two columns, bearing the loads of key moving parts such as the saddle, ram, and spindle.

[0003] The machining of large crossbeams is a complex, multi-step process, with the machining of the support surface (device surface / mounting surface) being particularly critical. Since the support surface is the plane reserved for the installation of guide rails, and linear guide rails need to be inlaid later to guide the movement of the equipment during operation, its machining accuracy must be guaranteed.

[0004] Currently, milling machines are mostly used to machine the mounting surface. Later, it is also necessary to machine locating keyways or pin holes for guide rail positioning. In milling, it is generally necessary to complete the process in multiple stages. In the finish milling stage, it is necessary to measure and report the surface data of the mounting surface during machining to ensure that the final machining accuracy meets the requirements.

[0005] In existing machining methods, surface quality, such as flatness, is often judged manually after the machine stops, or some highly automated large milling machines use automatic dial indicators to measure flatness. However, for double-layer or box-shaped crossbeams, newer structures often employ a three-guide-rail crossbeam layout, including two guide rails on the upper surface, one guide rail on the front vertical surface (usually the lower part), or a stepped layout with a third guide rail on the stepped surface between the top and side surfaces. This complex layout makes it difficult to achieve higher precision machining quality by focusing solely on flatness, thus creating a bottleneck problem for the precision of large gantry crossbeams using existing machining equipment and processes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools. It can evaluate the planar trend based on the double straight line profile, thereby providing timely feedback on the geometric features of the guide rail mounting surface during machining and improving machining accuracy.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: A comprehensive machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools includes a gantry milling machine system. The gantry milling machine system includes a bed, column, crossbeam, and milling head module. The column and crossbeam form a gantry structure. The milling head module is mounted on the crossbeam. A feedback system is provided on the edge of the bed near one of the columns. The feedback system includes a detection slide located above and / or on the oblique side of the workpiece and having a linear travel along the length of the bed. A first mounting plate, a second mounting plate, and a third mounting plate are mounted on the detection slide. The first and second mounting plates are set with two rail mounting surfaces corresponding to the top surface. The third mounting plate is set with a third rail mounting surface corresponding to the side surface or a step surface. Two sets of detection units are mounted side by side on the first, second, and third mounting plates. The detection units are used to acquire the linear contour data of the corresponding machining surface.

[0008] The detection slide is provided with a first bracket, which extends horizontally along the X-axis of the gantry milling machine system. A first mounting plate is fixed at the inner end of the first bracket away from the detection slide. The first bracket is provided with an adjusting guide rail and an adjusting screw arranged parallel to and in the same direction as the first bracket. An adjusting slider is fitted on the adjusting guide rail, and an adjusting slide is fixed on the adjusting slider. An adjusting nut is fitted on the adjusting screw and fixed on the adjusting slide. A second mounting plate is fixed on the adjusting slide, and the adjusting slide is equipped with the second mounting plate so that the horizontal distance between the second mounting plate and the first mounting plate is adjustable.

[0009] The detection slide is equipped with a floating second bracket. The top of the second bracket is provided with an upper hinge joint vertically connected to it. The upper hinge joint extends towards the slide and is hinged to an upper hinge seat. The bottom of the second bracket is provided with a lower hinge joint, which is hinged to a lower hinge seat. The upper hinge seat has linear movement along the X-axis, and the lower hinge seat has a follow-up lifting movement, allowing the second bracket to switch between a horizontal and a vertical posture. When the second bracket is in a horizontal posture, its height is adapted to that of the first bracket. When the second bracket is in a vertical posture, it is positioned close to the detection slide. On the end face of the second bracket away from the detection slide, there is a linear guide rail and a linear screw extending along its length. A working slider slides on the linear guide rail, and a nut is fitted on the linear screw and fixed to the working slider. The third mounting plate is fixed to the working slider.

[0010] A fixed base is fixed to the top of the detection slide. An electric pusher cylinder and a sliding sleeve are mounted on the fixed base. A guide rod passes through the sliding sleeve. One end of the electric pusher cylinder is equipped with a cylinder rod that telescopically engages with it. The cylinder rod and the guide rod are arranged parallel to each other and extend horizontally along the X direction of the equipment. The upper hinge seat is fixed to the inner end of the cylinder rod and the guide rod away from the detection slide. and / or A vertically extending hanging plate is fixed on the detection slide, an attitude guide rail is fixed on the inner side of the scraper, an attitude slider is slidably mounted on the attitude guide rail, and the lower hinge seat is fixed on the attitude slider.

[0011] The detection unit is a laser probe equipped with a laser displacement sensor. The straight line contour data is three-dimensional coordinate data along the scanning trajectory obtained by the laser probe. The geometric features of the surface are fed back based on two sets of straight line contour data of the same track mounting surface. The detection unit includes two first detection units fixed on a first mounting plate, two second detection units fixed on a second mounting plate, and two third detection units fixed on a third mounting plate. The two first detection units feed back the geometric features of a first surface, the two second detection units feed back the geometric features of a second surface, and the two third detection units feed back the geometric features of a third surface. The geometric features of the first surface and the geometric features of the second surface are used at least to compare parallelism, and the geometric features of the first surface / the geometric features of the second surface and the geometric features of the third surface are used at least to compare perpendicularity or parallelism. The feedback system includes fixed frames symmetrically arranged at both ends along the longitudinal direction of the bed. A vertical frame is fixedly mounted on the top of each fixed frame. A lifting guide rail and a lifting screw are vertically mounted on the vertical frame. A lifting slider is slidably fitted onto the lifting guide rail. A lifting platform is fixed to the lifting slider. A lifting nut is fitted onto the lifting screw and fixed to the lifting platform. A transverse slider is fixed to the lifting platform. A transverse guide rail passes through and slidably fits into the transverse slider. The length direction of the transverse guide rail is aligned with the X-axis direction. A transverse screw is rotatably mounted on the transverse platform, fitted with a transverse nut, which is fixed to the lifting platform. A travel platform is provided between the two transverse platforms, with both ends of the travel platform fixed to the inner ends of the two transverse platforms respectively. The detection slide moves linearly along the travel platform.

[0012] The top surface of the travel carrier plate is fixed with a travel guide rail extending along the Y-axis. A rack arranged in the same direction as the travel carrier plate is fixed on the outer side of the travel carrier plate near the upright. A travel slider is slidably fitted on the travel guide rail. The detection slide is fixed on the travel slider. A travel gear that meshes with the rack is installed on the detection slide.

[0013] A purging module is installed on the detection slide. The purging module includes an air duct, the air outlet of which faces the forward direction of the detection slide and purifies the surface of the workpiece.

[0014] A comprehensive machining method for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools is provided, using the aforementioned comprehensive machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools, and including a rough milling stage, a semi-finish milling stage, and a finish milling stage; after the rough milling stage, and / or after the semi-finish milling stage, and / or after the finish milling stage, a detection slide is activated to acquire two independent straight line contour data for each machining surface, and the geometric features of the machining surface are obtained based on the double straight line contours.

[0015] The comparison is based on geometric features, including at least parallelism, perpendicularity, and height difference.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This technology utilizes dual-line laser scanning fusion to simultaneously acquire six sets of linear contour data from three guide rail mounting surfaces during a single pass, enabling comprehensive evaluation of multi-faceted shape and position. Compared to traditional single-face sequential inspection, this significantly shortens the inspection cycle, allowing the spindle to operate continuously in thermal equilibrium and avoiding zero-point drift caused by repeated start-stop cycles. Introducing an intermediate inspection step during machining allows for timely detection of accumulated errors in the parallelism of the top double guide rails, the perpendicularity of the sides, and the height difference of the step surfaces, enabling systematic correction before finish milling. Final inspection and verification after finish milling form a closed-loop control system, ensuring that the geometric accuracy of all three surfaces meets the standards on the first attempt. The inspection data covers key indicators such as flatness, straightness, parallelism, perpendicularity, and height conformity, breaking through the bottleneck of traditional methods that only focus on single flatness. This provides multi-dimensional data support for the attitude adjustment of the universal milling head, significantly improving the machining accuracy and efficiency of large gantry beams. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the feedback system of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of part A.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the travel structure of the travel carrier plate of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the detection slide traveling on the travel carrier plate according to the present invention (the second support is in a horizontal position).

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the detection slide of the present invention (the second support is in a horizontal position).

[0023] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 A diagram showing the upward-looking perspective.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the detection slide table of the present invention (the second bracket is in a vertical posture) Reference numerals shown in the drawings: 1. Bed; 2. Workbench; 3. Column; 4. Crossbeam; 5. Fixed frame; 6. Vertical frame; 7. Lifting guide rail; 8. Lifting lead screw; 9. Lifting carrier plate; 10. Transverse carrier plate; 11. Transverse lead screw; 12. Transverse guide rail; 13. Travel carrier plate; 14. Travel guide rail; 15. Rack; 16. Travel gear; 17. First bracket; 18. First mounting plate; 19. Adjusting guide rail; 20. Adjusting lead screw; 21. Adjusting slide table; 22. Second mounting plate; 23. Detection unit; 24. Second bracket; 25. Fixed seat; 26. Electric push cylinder; 27. Guide rod; 28. Upper hinge seat; 29. Hanging plate; 30. Attitude guide rail; 31. Lower hinge seat; 32. Upper hinge joint; 33. Linear guide rail; 34. Third mounting plate; 35. Detection slide table. Specific embodiments

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by this application.

[0026] Embodiment: Comprehensive processing equipment This embodiment completely describes the overall cooperation mode of the equipment. Based on the overall architecture of the milling machine system, it includes a bed 1 fixed to the bottom surface. The top surface of the bed 1 is fixed with a workbench 2, which is the basis of the entire machine tool and is made of cast iron. The workbench 2 is used to fix the workpiece (that is, the large crossbeam 4 to be processed), and has T-shaped grooves and corresponding clamping workpieces on the surface.

[0027] The two sides of the bed 1 adopt a gantry frame structure of double columns 3 + connecting beam + crossbeam 4. Two parallel columns 3 are arranged on both sides, and the top ends of the columns 3 are used to install the connecting beam and the crossbeam 4.

[0028] The column 3 is a vertical support member constituting the gantry frame, arranged in pairs on both sides of the bed 1 to form a gantry structure. Each column 3 is integrally cast with high-strength low-stress cast iron, and internally设有 "米" - shaped or box-shaped ribbed plate structures to form a closed force flow transmission path. The cross-section of the column 3 is rectangular or trapezoidal, and the bottom is rigidly connected to the foundation through anchor bolts, and the top is fixedly connected to another column 3 through a connecting beam.

[0029] The crossbeam 4 can be installed as a fixed beam or as a moving beam with Z-axis lifting, neither of which affects processing. If it is installed as a lifting beam, a hydrostatic guide rail or a heavy-duty roller linear guide rail 33 can be configured on the inner wall of the column 3, and the vertical lifting movement of the crossbeam 4 can be achieved through screw and nut transmission or cylinder drive.

[0030] The crossbeam 4 is a horizontal load-bearing component spanning the two columns 3. It adopts an integral cast box structure or a welded steel plate structure. A Y-axis guide rail is installed on the crossbeam 4, and a milling head module is slidably supported on it. The milling head module includes a saddle, a ram, a spindle, and other necessary milling components. The saddle, mounted on the guide rail of the crossbeam 4, is the intermediate link connecting the spindle box and the crossbeam 4, responsible for driving the spindle system to move along the Y-axis. The ram is installed in the saddle and can extend and retract along the Z-axis (vertical), achieving precise guidance in the vertical direction of the Z-axis. The spindle and milling head are the components that directly perform cutting, installed at the end of the ram, driving the tool to rotate. Various accessory milling heads are often provided, such as right-angle milling heads and universal milling heads, to achieve five-sided or even five-axis linkage machining. By rotating the spindle / worktable 2, the top and side / step surfaces of the large crossbeam 4 can be machined in one clamping, without repeated clamping, ensuring machining accuracy.

[0031] The above structure is a gantry milling machine capable of milling large crossbeams 4. It is not limited to the description in this embodiment, and other automated milling machine structures for machining large crossbeams 4 can also be used.

[0032] A feedback system is provided on one side of the worktable 2. The feedback system is used to perform surface quality detection and feedback of relevant data during the milling of the mounting plane, so as to correct subsequent processing.

[0033] The feedback system is located on the side of the worktable 2 near its long side, that is, on the inner side close to a column 3, with its length direction consistent with the longitudinal direction of the bed 1. In many large milling machine designs, there are often channels for slag removal on one or both sides, which can be installed above them without affecting slag removal or interfering with the machining range.

[0034] The feedback system includes fixed frames 5 located at both ends of the workbench 2 in the longitudinal direction and arranged symmetrically. A vertical frame 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed frame 5. The vertical frame 6 is used to provide a support carrier in the vertical lifting direction. The fixed frame 5 is a transition support part for installing the vertical frame 6. The top of the fixed frame 5 and the bottom of the vertical frame 6 are fixed by fasteners or welding. The bottom of the fixed frame 5 is fixed to the two sides of the edge of the bed 1 in the longitudinal direction by fasteners, so that the two fixed frames 5 are installed at the corners of the bed 1.

[0035] Two lifting guide rails 7 and a lifting screw 8 are installed on the upright frame 6 along the direction of the plumb bob to achieve precise drive control of the lifting height. Specifically, the two lifting guide rails 7 are installed side by side on the upright frame 6. A lifting slider is slidably fitted on the lifting guide rail 7. A lifting carrier plate 9 is fixed on the lifting slider. The lifting screw 8 is located between the two lifting guide rails 7. A first motor for driving the lifting screw 8 is installed at the top of the upright frame 6. A lifting nut is fitted on the lifting screw 8. The lifting nut is fixed on the lifting carrier plate 9 to achieve guidance and drive control of the lifting.

[0036] The lifting screws 8 on the two end supports 6 are driven synchronously to ensure that the two lifting plates 9 are driven to lift and lower synchronously at the same height.

[0037] A horizontal slider is fixed on the lifting platform 9. A horizontal guide rail 12 is slidably fitted through the horizontal slider. The length direction of the horizontal guide rail 12 is consistent with the width direction (X-axis direction) of the worktable 2. In order to ensure the stability of the horizontal extension, two horizontal guide rails 12 on the same side are set as one above the other, and both horizontal guide rails 12 are fixed on the horizontal platform 10. A horizontal lead screw 11 is also rotatably installed on the horizontal platform 10. The horizontal lead screw 11 is installed between the two horizontal guide rails 12. The horizontal lead screw 11 is driven by a second motor installed at the end of the horizontal platform 10. A horizontal lead screw nut is fitted on the horizontal lead screw 11. The horizontal lead screw nut is fixed on the lifting platform 9, so as to achieve precise driving and stable support of the horizontal platform 10 in the horizontal direction along the width direction of the worktable 2.

[0038] Based on the synchronous lifting of the lifting plates 9 on both ends of the upright frame 6, and the simultaneous extension of the transverse plates 10 on both sides, a telescopic mechanism that can extend to the top of the worktable 2 along the width direction of the worktable 2 is formed.

[0039] A travel carrier plate 13 is provided between the two transverse carrier plates 10. The travel carrier plate 13 adopts a "┓" shaped structure, with its inner corner facing the center of the workbench 2, so as to obtain an upright mounting surface on the outside. The two ends of the travel carrier plate 13 are respectively fixed to the inner end faces of the two transverse carrier plates 10. The transverse carrier plates 10 and the travel carrier plate 13 form a rigidly connected horizontal "door" shaped telescopic structure.

[0040] Two parallel travel guide rails 14 are fixed to the top surface of the travel carrier plate 13. The travel guide rails 14 are parallel to the travel carrier plate 13. A rack 15, arranged in the same direction as the travel carrier plate 13, is fixed to the outer side of the travel carrier plate 13 near the upright 6. A travel slider is slidably fitted on the travel guide rails 14. A detection slide 35 is fixed above the travel slider. A travel gear 16 that meshes with the rack 15 is mounted on the detection slide 35. This gear is driven by a third motor. Specifically, a motor frame is fixed on the detection slide 35, and the third motor is fixed on the motor frame. The travel gear 16 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the motor frame. A drive gear that meshes with the travel gear 16 is provided on the output shaft of the third motor. The bottom of the travel gear 16 meshes with the rack 15, realizing precise positioning and dynamic feedback of the detection slide 35 along the length direction (Y-axis direction) of the worktable 2. This is used to carry the detection components to realize automated detection operations from one end of the workpiece to the other.

[0041] The top of the detection slide 35 is provided with a first bracket 17 and a second bracket 24. The first bracket 17 extends horizontally towards the center of the worktable 2 along the X-axis. One end of the first bracket 17 is fixed to the detection slide 35. A first mounting plate 18 is fixed to the end of the first bracket 17 away from the upright 6 (defined as the inner end since this end is close to the center of the worktable 2). The first mounting plate 18 has a horizontal mounting surface on its bottom surface. Two first detection units 23 are fixed on the bottom surface of the first mounting plate 18, which are arranged side by side. The first detection unit 23 is specifically a laser probe equipped with a high-precision laser displacement sensor. The laser probe (LDS) has its optical axis pointing vertically downwards. The distance between the two laser probes is less than the width of the general crossbeam 4 guide rail mounting surface. Therefore, two parallel detection units 23 are used to simultaneously and synchronously measure the spatial distance of one of the machining guide rail mounting surfaces of the crossbeam 4, thereby obtaining two sets of independent scanning trajectory lines. Since the laser probe moves along the length of the workpiece above it, the downward optical axis distance is recorded in real time. Combined with the high-precision displacement reference of the laser probe itself, the three-dimensional coordinates on the scanning trajectory line can be used to obtain a continuous spatial curve and obtain straight line contour data.

[0042] Two sets of first detection units 23 operate in parallel and synchronously, executing two sets of scanning trajectories on the same machining surface and obtaining straight line contour data under these trajectories. By fusing the two sets of spatial linear data, the geometric features of the machining surface can be fed back and evaluated, resulting in a planar trend assessment based on the dual straight line contours.

[0043] It should be noted that the geometric features here do not cover and exhaust the three-dimensional coordinate distribution of all points on the plane (i.e., the complete surface morphology), but only determine the spatial orientation and flatness of the plane through the three-dimensional coordinate data of two lines. Based on the characteristics of milling, under a stable milling process, the machined surface can usually be approximated as an ideal plane with small local concavity, convexity and torsion. Therefore, the results of the two-line measurement are sufficient to represent the geometric features of the entire surface.

[0044] The first bracket 17 is also equipped with an adjusting guide rail 19 and an adjusting screw 20 arranged parallel and in the same direction. The adjusting guide rail 19 and the adjusting screw 20 are located between the first mounting plate 18 and the inner end of the first bracket 17. An adjusting slider is fitted on the adjusting guide rail 19, and an adjusting slide 21 is fixed on the adjusting slider. The adjusting screw 20 is driven by a fourth motor, which is fixed at the inner end of the first bracket 17. An adjusting nut is fitted on the adjusting screw 20, and the adjusting nut is fixed on the adjusting slide 21. A second mounting plate 22 is fixed on the adjusting slide 21. The bottom surface of the second mounting plate 22 is coplanar with the bottom surface of the first mounting plate 18. The second mounting plate 22 adjusts its distance from the first mounting plate 18 based on the adjusting screw 20 and the adjusting guide rail 19. Two parallel second detection units 23 are fixed on the bottom surface of the second mounting plate 22. The second detection units 23 are of the same model and layout as the first detection units 23, and their spacing is less than the width of the track mounting surface being processed. The optical axis is vertically downward to collect the distance between the detection unit and the detection surface. Similarly, the two second detection units 23 move and scan along the length of the workpiece to obtain two independent scanning trajectory lines, simultaneously acquiring a second set of straight line contour data, and fusing them to obtain the spatial orientation and flatness of the detection surface.

[0045] In the above structure, the first detection unit 23 is fixed, and the distance between the second detection unit 23 and the first detection unit 23 is adjustable. Combined with the adjustable lateral position of the travel carrier plate 13, it can quickly correspond to and match the two milled surfaces on the top surface of the large crossbeam 4 (used for the installation of two sets of top guide rails respectively) (i.e., the top surface double guide rail mounting surface). The spatial orientation and flatness of the two guide rail mounting surfaces are obtained.

[0046] The second bracket 24 adopts a floating and adjustable installation method. Specifically, a fixed base 25 is fixed on the top of the detection slide 35. An electric push cylinder 26 and a sliding sleeve are installed on the fixed base 25. A guide rod 27 passes through the sliding sleeve. The guide rod 27 is a straight guide rod 27 with a keyway. The end of the electric push rod near the processing table is provided with a cylinder rod that telescopically cooperates with it. The cylinder rod and the guide rod 27 are arranged parallel to each other and extend horizontally along the X direction of the equipment, that is, the width direction of the bed 1. The inner ends of the cylinder rod and the guide rod 27 are provided with upper hinge seats 28 fixed to them. The upper hinge seat 28 realizes the linear stroke along the width direction of the bed 1 based on the drive of the electric cylinder and the guidance of the guide rod 27.

[0047] A vertically extending hanging plate 29 is fixed to the inner side of the detection slide 35. An attitude guide rail 30 is fixed to the inner side of the scraper. A height-adjustable attitude slider is slidably fitted on the attitude guide rail 30. A lower hinge seat 31 is fixed on the attitude slider. The lower hinge seat 31 is a U-shaped structure with an upward opening, providing upward space. A lower shaft is provided at the top opening of the lower hinge seat 31 for hinged connection. With the above structure, a height-adjustable hinge structure support can be provided at the bottom of the second bracket 24.

[0048] The second support 24 has an upper hinge joint 32 at its top, which is vertically connected to the second support 24. When the second support 24 is upright, the hinge joint forms a "┏" shape and extends outward. This hinge joint structure provides space for the lower hinge joint below when the second support 24 is in a horizontal state, and helps maintain a stable horizontal posture. The bottom of the second support 24 has a lower hinge joint that extends downward in the same direction and is coplanar with it.

[0049] The outer end of the upper hinge joint 32 is hinged to the upper hinge seat 28, and the lower hinge joint is hinged to the lower shaft of the lower hinge seat 31, forming a dual-degree-of-freedom adjustable support structure. In this structure, the electric push cylinder 26 is defined to have an X-axis extension stroke. When the electric push rod extends, it drives the upper hinge seat 28 to translate along the X-axis (width direction of the bed 1) towards the machining table. Simultaneously, the lower hinge seat 31 rises and falls with the attitude slider, causing the lower hinge joint to rise, coordinating with the change of the second support 24 from a vertical to a horizontal posture. When changing from a horizontal to a vertical posture, the air source can be disconnected first. After the system unloads force in the horizontal direction, the second support 24 smoothly falls back under the combined action of gravity and the self-weight of the attitude slider. Then, the electric push rod is retracted to ensure the upright posture of the second support 24.

[0050] The above structure allows the second support 24 to switch between upright and horizontal positions. In the horizontal state, its height position is adapted to the first support 17, and in the upright state, it is positioned close to the detection slide 35. This enables simultaneous detection of the sides of large beams 4 with different structures when processing them. In the upright state, it can work with the inverted L-shaped beam 4 guide rail mounting surface (including double guide rails on the top surface and single guide rails on the side / stepped surface). In the horizontal state, it is positioned above the workpiece and can work with the stepped guide rail arrangement to achieve simultaneous detection of the stepped surfaces.

[0051] The second bracket 24 has a linear guide rail 33 extending along its length on the end face away from the detection slide 35. A working slider slides on the linear guide rail 33. The linear guide rail 33 is arranged on both sides and has a linear screw in the middle. The linear screw is driven to rotate by a fifth motor installed at the top. A nut is fitted on the linear screw and fixed to the working slider. A third mounting plate 34 is fixed on the working slider. A third detection unit 23 is installed in parallel on the third mounting plate 34. It adopts the same configuration as the first detection unit 23 and can obtain two independent scanning trajectory lines for the detected processing surface, thereby merging them into the geometric features of the surface.

[0052] When the posture of the second bracket 24 is adjusted according to the installation layout of the guide rail of the crossbeam 4 being processed, the position of the working slider is then aligned with the processing surface. Specifically, when the second bracket 24 is arranged horizontally, it is used to detect and scan the step surface. At this time, the working slider slides along the X-axis to the top of the step surface to detect the step surface. When the second bracket 24 is arranged vertically, it is used to detect and scan the mounting surface on the side. At this time, adjusting the working slider can adjust the height of the third mounting plate 34 so that it is aligned with the height of the mounting surface on the side, thus allowing the mounting surface on the side to be detected.

[0053] Furthermore, during the posture adjustment process, the optical axis of the manifold always points towards the workpiece. When the second support 24 is horizontal, the optical axis points downward; when the second support 24 is vertical, the optical axis points horizontally towards the workpiece. Thus, positioning can be achieved in a single adjustment step.

[0054] The first mounting plate 18, the second mounting plate 22, and the third mounting plate 34 can all adopt a slotted hole mounting structure. That is, two sets of slotted holes are provided through the first mounting plate 18 / second mounting plate 22 / third mounting plate 34, and each set of slotted holes includes two parallel slotted holes, so there are a total of 2 sets of 4 slotted holes. The mounting position is finely adjusted through the slotted holes to ensure that the position of each detection unit 23 is appropriate. The two slotted holes in each set can also be arranged in an X-shape. The detection units 23 fixed on the first mounting plate 18 / second mounting plate 22 / third mounting plate 34 are pre-tightened and locked by fasteners that pass through the slotted holes.

[0055] Based on the three-dimensional spatial data (straight line contour data) of the two trajectory lines, the plane of the processed surface can be easily determined. By comparing the six straight line contour data of the three surfaces acquired by the first detection unit 23, the second detection unit 23, and the third detection unit 23, the parallelism, perpendicularity, and height difference deviations between the processed surfaces can be easily determined. Specifically, the parallelism of the top double guide rail mounting surface needs to be compared, the perpendicularity between the top double guide rail mounting surface and the side guide rail mounting surface needs to be compared, and the parallelism and height difference between the top double guide rail mounting surface and the step surface need to be compared. By scanning the surface profile of three machining surfaces with each movement of the detection slide 35, the machining system receives timely feedback, providing data support for subsequent machining and improving machining accuracy. This allows the machining data feedback evaluation to go beyond straightness, offering a more comprehensive evaluation capability for surface profile and geometric tolerances, covering key indicators such as flatness, straightness, parallelism, perpendicularity, and contour conformity. All detection data is uploaded to the PLC control unit in real time, triggering the five-sided machining center's built-in adaptive compensation algorithm to drive the universal milling head to perform fine-tuning cutting—achieving a closed-loop response of "measurement-calculation-adjustment-cutting."

[0056] When machining the guide rail mounting surface of the gantry beam 4 using this milling machine equipped with a feedback system, the machining process is as follows: Based on the milling head, the three guide rail mounting base surfaces of the gantry beam 4 are cleaned and processed. After rough milling, the semi-finish milling stage and the finish milling stage are entered. First, in the rough milling stage, the universal milling head rotates sequentially to rough mill the top two guide rail mounting surfaces and the side guide rail mounting surfaces / step surfaces. A allowance of 2 to 3 mm is left on the top and side surfaces, and 1 to 2 mm on the step surfaces. After rough milling, the detection slide 35 is activated to perform the first round of online feedback scanning on the three surfaces; the slide moves at a constant speed along the length of the crossbeam 4, obtaining the first round of data for the three machined mounting surfaces. At this stage, the data is mainly used to identify casting defects, uneven allowance, and preliminary deformation trends. The data can be imported into analysis software to generate an error distribution map, but it is not immediately used for compensation; it is only used as a reference for subsequent stages. Alternatively, the first round of scanning data can be automatically retrieved based on the milling head's built-in PLC control system, driving the universal milling head to perform adaptive allowance allocation.

[0057] Second, after entering the semi-finish milling stage, adjust the cutting parameters based on the first round data detected after rough milling, reduce the feed rate, and increase the spindle speed. The universal milling head then processes three sides again, leaving a allowance of 0.3 to 0.5 mm on the top and side surfaces, and 0.2 mm on the step surface.

[0058] After semi-finish milling, a second round of online feedback scanning is initiated. The detection slide 35 moves at a constant speed along the entire length of the crossbeam 4, simultaneously triggering the first, second, and third detection units 23 to collaboratively collect intermediate data. At this point, the data quality is significantly improved. The parallelism trend of the two guide rails on the top surface, the perpendicularity deviation of the side surface relative to the top surface, and the height difference between the step surface and the top surface are analyzed. These error values ​​are compared with the ideal inverse deformation curve, and tool compensation values ​​and corrected tool paths for the finish milling stage are generated based on the correction amounts.

[0059] At this stage, it is necessary not only to look at the accuracy of a single surface, but also to calculate the relative relationship between the three surfaces. The parallelism deviation of the two guide rails on the top surface is corrected by adjusting the tool's Y-axis compensation; the perpendicularity deviation of the side surface is corrected by adjusting the universal milling head's tilt angle or the tool's X-axis tilt; and the height difference of the step surface is corrected by adjusting the Z-axis tool compensation.

[0060] The third stage involves finish milling three sides using a universal milling head. The depth of cut is small, typically removing only 0.3 to 0.5 mm of material to achieve the final dimensions and accuracy. A third laser scan after finish milling comprehensively verifies the geometric accuracy of the three sides. The parallelism of the two guide rails on the top surface, the perpendicularity of the top surface to the side surface, and the straightness and flatness of each surface must all meet design requirements. If deviations are found, since the clamping mechanism has not been moved, micro-compensation milling can be performed immediately, but in principle, the result should be acceptable in one pass.

[0061] The slide-based inspection uses fully automatic positioning and movement, with extremely short inspection time. Compared to the method of inspecting each surface individually, it greatly reduces the inspection waiting time, so it does not affect the continuous operation of milling. The spindle can keep running without cooling, which does not affect the thermal balance of the spindle machining and maintains the accuracy without loss of control.

[0062] Considering the influence of cutting fluid, and to improve detection accuracy, a purging module can be added to the detection slide 35. This module consists of an air duct installed on the detection slide 35, with the air outlet facing forward in the direction of travel. It blows away residual cutting fluid and micro-chips from the machined surface in front of the travel path of the detection slide 35, ensuring stable sampling by the laser displacement sensor. The purging module starts and stops synchronously with the laser sensor array, and the air pressure is adjustable.

[0063] It should be noted that the above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such improvements and modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools, comprising a gantry milling machine system, wherein the gantry milling machine system includes a bed, a column, a crossbeam, and a milling head module, the column and crossbeam forming a gantry structure, and the milling head module being mounted on the crossbeam, characterized in that, The bed is equipped with a feedback system on the edge near one of the columns. The feedback system includes a detection slide located above and / or on the oblique side of the workpiece and having a linear travel along the length of the bed. The detection slide is equipped with a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate, and a third mounting plate. The first and second mounting plates are set with two rail mounting surfaces corresponding to the top surface, and the third mounting plate is set with a third rail mounting surface corresponding to the side surface or the third rail mounting surface of the step. Two sets of detection units are installed side by side on the first, second, and third mounting plates. The detection units are used to acquire the linear contour data of the corresponding machining surface.

2. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection slide is provided with a first bracket, which extends horizontally along the X-axis of the gantry milling machine system. A first mounting plate is fixed at the inner end of the first bracket away from the detection slide. The first bracket is provided with an adjusting guide rail and an adjusting screw arranged parallel to and in the same direction as the first bracket. An adjusting slider is fitted on the adjusting guide rail, and an adjusting slide is fixed on the adjusting slider. An adjusting nut is fitted on the adjusting screw and fixed on the adjusting slide. A second mounting plate is fixed on the adjusting slide, and the adjusting slide is equipped with the second mounting plate so that the horizontal distance between the second mounting plate and the first mounting plate is adjustable.

3. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection slide is equipped with a floating second bracket. The top of the second bracket is provided with an upper hinge joint vertically connected to it. The upper hinge joint extends towards the slide and is hinged to an upper hinge seat. The bottom of the second bracket is provided with a lower hinge joint, which is hinged to a lower hinge seat. The upper hinge seat has linear movement along the X-axis, and the lower hinge seat has a follow-up lifting movement, allowing the second bracket to switch between a horizontal and a vertical posture. When the second bracket is in a horizontal posture, its height is adapted to that of the first bracket. When the second bracket is in a vertical posture, it is positioned close to the detection slide. On the end face of the second bracket away from the detection slide, there is a linear guide rail and a linear screw extending along its length. A working slider slides on the linear guide rail, and a nut is fitted on the linear screw and fixed to the working slider. The third mounting plate is fixed to the working slider.

4. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that, A fixed base is fixed to the top of the detection slide. An electric pusher cylinder and a sliding sleeve are mounted on the fixed base. A guide rod passes through the sliding sleeve. One end of the electric pusher cylinder is equipped with a cylinder rod that telescopically engages with it. The cylinder rod and the guide rod are arranged parallel to each other and extend horizontally along the X direction of the equipment. The upper hinge seat is fixed to the inner end of the cylinder rod and the guide rod away from the detection slide. and / or A vertically extending hanging plate is fixed on the detection slide, an attitude guide rail is fixed on the inner side of the scraper, an attitude slider is slidably mounted on the attitude guide rail, and the lower hinge seat is fixed on the attitude slider.

5. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit is a laser probe equipped with a laser displacement sensor. The straight line contour data is three-dimensional coordinate data along the scanning trajectory obtained by the laser probe. The geometric features of the surface are fed back based on two sets of straight line contour data of the same track mounting surface. The detection unit includes two first detection units fixed on a first mounting plate, two second detection units fixed on a second mounting plate, and two third detection units fixed on a third mounting plate. The two first detection units feed back the geometric features of a first surface, the two second detection units feed back the geometric features of a second surface, and the two third detection units feed back the geometric features of a third surface. The geometric features of the first surface and the geometric features of the second surface are used at least to compare parallelism, and the geometric features of the first surface / the geometric features of the second surface and the geometric features of the third surface are used at least to compare perpendicularity or parallelism.

6. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback system includes fixed frames symmetrically arranged at both ends along the longitudinal direction of the bed. A vertical frame is fixedly mounted on the top of each fixed frame. A lifting guide rail and a lifting screw are vertically mounted on the vertical frame. A lifting slider is slidably fitted onto the lifting guide rail. A lifting platform is fixed to the lifting slider. A lifting nut is fitted onto the lifting screw and fixed to the lifting platform. A transverse slider is fixed to the lifting platform. A transverse guide rail passes through and slidably fits into the transverse slider. The length direction of the transverse guide rail is aligned with the X-axis direction. A transverse screw is rotatably mounted on the transverse platform, fitted with a transverse nut, which is fixed to the lifting platform. A travel platform is provided between the two transverse platforms, with both ends of the travel platform fixed to the inner ends of the two transverse platforms respectively. The detection slide moves linearly along the travel platform.

7. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top surface of the travel carrier plate is fixed with a travel guide rail extending along the Y-axis. A rack arranged in the same direction as the travel carrier plate is fixed on the outer side of the travel carrier plate near the upright. A travel slider is slidably fitted on the travel guide rail. The detection slide is fixed on the travel slider. A travel gear that meshes with the rack is installed on the detection slide.

8. The integrated machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: A purging module is installed on the detection slide. The purging module includes an air duct, the air outlet of which faces the forward direction of the detection slide and purifies the surface of the workpiece.

9. A comprehensive machining method for a double-layer gantry beam for machine tools, characterized in that, The comprehensive machining equipment for a gantry double-layer structure crossbeam for machine tools according to any one of claims 1-8 includes a rough milling stage, a semi-finish milling stage, and a finish milling stage; after the rough milling stage, and / or after the semi-finish milling stage, and / or after the finish milling stage, the detection slide is activated to acquire two independent straight line contour data for each machining surface, and the geometric features of the machining surface are acquired based on the double straight line contours.

10. The comprehensive machining method for a double-layer structure crossbeam of a machine tool gantry according to claim 9, characterized in that, The comparison is based on geometric features, including at least parallelism, perpendicularity, and height difference.

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