Multi-angle double-edge automatic scraping machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-angle double-edge automatic scraping machine, and relates to the technical field of machining equipment. Comprising a scraping mechanism which is installed on a workbench and conducts reciprocating scraping motion on the surface of a workpiece; the cleaning mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the scraping mechanism and used for cleaning cuttings on the surface of the workpiece; the color developing mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the cleaning mechanism and is used for smearing a color developing agent on the surface of the workpiece; and the grinding mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the color developing mechanism and is used for grinding the surface of the workpiece coated with the color developing agent so as to show a contact point. According to the automatic scraping machine, variable-speed scraping, multi-angle tool bit adjustment, automatic scraping chip cleaning, color development and grinding can be conducted, full-process automatic and intelligent operation of the scraping technology is achieved, and the machining efficiency, the quality stability and the technology adaptability are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing equipment technology, and more specifically, it relates to a multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine. Background Technology

[0002] Scraping is a precision machining method that uses a scraping tool to perform micro-cutting on the surface of a workpiece. It is mainly used to improve the flatness, straightness, and surface contact quality of workpieces, and is commonly used in the assembly and repair of machine tool guideways, precision plates, and other components. Traditional scraping relies heavily on the experience and feel of skilled workers, involving repeated manual cycles of "spot-scraping," which is labor-intensive, inefficient, and makes it difficult to guarantee consistent quality.

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of manual scraping, some automated or semi-automated scraping equipment has been proposed in existing technologies. For example, using a motor to drive the scraping blade in reciprocating motion mechanizes the scraping action, but its function is relatively limited, the scraping blade angle is fixed, and it is difficult to adapt to the scraping needs of complex curved surfaces or special patterns. Existing gantry scraping equipment, although improving the degree of automation, has a relatively simple toolpath and lacks integrated online detection (color development) and post-processing (cleaning, grinding) functions, resulting in interruptions in the entire process flow. The level of automation and intelligence needs to be improved. In addition, how to adjust cutting parameters (such as speed and force) in real time according to the workpiece material and hardness during the scraping process, and how to accurately control the amount of scraping per pass to prevent overcutting or chattering, remain technical challenges that urgently need to be solved.

[0004] Therefore, developing an intelligent, fully automatic scraping machine that integrates clamping, multi-angle scraping, online color detection, automatic cleaning and grinding, and can flexibly adjust parameters according to process requirements, is of great significance for improving the level of precision manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine that can perform variable speed scraping, multi-angle blade adjustment, automatic chip cleaning, color development and grinding, realize the full-process automation and intelligent operation of scraping process, and significantly improve processing efficiency, quality stability and process adaptability.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine, comprising: The scraping mechanism is installed on the worktable and performs reciprocating scraping motion on the surface of the workpiece; The cleaning mechanism, located downstream of the scraping mechanism, is used to clean the chips from the surface of the workpiece. The color-developing mechanism, located downstream of the cleaning mechanism, is used to apply the color-developing agent to the surface of the workpiece; The grinding mechanism is arranged downstream of the color developing mechanism and is used to grind the surface of the workpiece after applying the color developer to reveal the contact points.

[0007] Preferably, the scraping mechanism includes a driving mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and a scraping knife mechanism. The guiding mechanism includes a guiding roller, a guide rail, a slider, and a sliding member. The guiding roller is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the pedestal, the guide rail is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the pedestal, the slider is slidably connected to the guide rail, the scraping knife mechanism and the sliding member are both fixedly connected to the slider, the sliding member is slidably connected to the guiding roller, the driving mechanism drives the guiding roller to rotate, and the guiding roller带动 the sliding member and the scraping knife mechanism to perform a linear reciprocating motion.

[0008] Preferably, a spiral guiding groove is provided on the surface of the guiding roller. When the guiding roller rotates, the sliding member slides in the guiding groove and moves back and forth linearly along the guide rail together with the slider.

[0009] Preferably, a tool dropping groove is provided on the side of the guiding groove close to the workpiece. The length of the tool dropping groove is half of the length of the guiding groove. When the sliding member slides into the tool dropping groove, the scraping knife mechanism drops to scrape the workpiece. When the sliding member slides out of the tool dropping groove, the sliding member raises one end of the slider to lift the scraping knife mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the scraping knife mechanism includes a tool handle and a scraping knife. An angle adjustment structure is provided on the tool handle and / or the scraping knife. Angle graduation lines are engraved on the inner wall of the tool mounting hole of the tool handle and / or the tool shank of the scraping knife.

[0011] Preferably, the scraping knife is of a rectangular cross-section cantilever beam structure. The dimensions of the effective length L, thickness t, and width b are designed according to the material elastic modulus E, the estimated cutting force F, and the target single-pass scraping amount h_pass, and satisfy the control condition of the tip deflection δ: δ ≤ β·h_pass, where β is a safety factor with a value range of 1.2 - 1.5.

[0012] Preferably, the scraping knife is divided into three types according to the machining accuracy, and the dimension ranges are as follows: The first type: the effective length L ≤ 5mm, and the thickness t ≥ 1.2mm; The second type, with a lower accuracy than the first type: 5mm < L ≤ 12mm, and the thickness t ranges from 0.9mm to 1.8mm; The third type, with a lower accuracy than the second type: 8mm ≤ L ≤ 30mm.

[0013] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning head, a first connecting rod, a rubber tube, and an air pump. The cleaning head is mounted on the first connecting rod, and the rubber tube connects the air pump to the cleaning head. The color-developing mechanism includes a second connecting rod, a support, a pigment box, and a roller brush. The pigment box is connected to the roller brush, and the two ends of the second connecting rod are respectively connected to the pigment box and the support. The grinding mechanism includes a column, a counterweight, a crossbeam, a grinding block, and a motor. The two ends of the crossbeam are slidably connected to a column, the motor is mounted on the crossbeam, the grinding block is connected to the motor, and the counterweight is detachably mounted on the crossbeam.

[0014] Preferably, the worktable and the base are slidably connected by a gear and rack pair. The gear is mounted on the base, and when the gear rotates, it drives the rack and the worktable to move along the slide rail.

[0015] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor and a multi-stage gear transmission system, wherein the multi-stage gear transmission system is equipped with a variable speed mechanism.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: 1. During operation, the workpiece is fixed to the worktable by a fixture. The operator installs and adjusts the angle of the scraping blade on the tool holder according to process requirements, and may adjust the speed ratio of the transmission system via a variable speed mechanism. After startup, the scraping motor drives the worktable to feed the workpiece longitudinally, while the drive mechanism drives the scraping blade holder to reciprocate at high speed, scraping the workpiece surface. After completing one scraping stroke, the workpiece passes sequentially through a cleaning mechanism (chip removal), a coloring mechanism (coloring), and a grinding mechanism (spot grinding). The operator can judge the scraping quality based on the distribution of the bright spots after grinding and decide whether to proceed to the next round of scraping. The entire process is highly automated, integrating the traditional discrete scraping, cleaning, coloring, and grinding processes into a continuous production line, greatly improving efficiency.

[0017] 2. The design of variable speed function and adjustable angle scraping blade enhances the equipment's adaptability to different materials, different precision requirements, and different scraping patterns.

[0018] 3. The scraping tool design based on deflection control fundamentally ensures the precise controllability of the scraping depth in a single pass, thereby improving the stability of processing quality.

[0019] 4. The present invention has a spiral guide groove on the guide roller and a blade drop groove on the side of the spiral guide groove. During the rotation of the guide roller, the scraping blade not only realizes reciprocating linear motion, but also automatically realizes the blade drop and lift actions. The structural design is both simple and ingenious. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a top-down view of the entire equipment's structure. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the entire device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the scraping tool mechanism; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the I-axis in the diagram; Figure 5 This is a top view of the scraping tool mechanism. Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The C-direction view in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the cleaning mechanism; Figure 8 These are schematic diagrams of the color rendering mechanism from the front and top views. Figure 9 These are schematic diagrams of the grinding mechanism from the front and top views. Figure 10 yes Figure 3 BB section view in the middle; In the diagram: 1. Scraping mechanism; 101. Drive mechanism; 102. Guide mechanism; 1021. Guide cylinder; 1022. Guide rail; 1023. Slider; 1024. Sliding component; 103. Scraping knife mechanism; 1031. Knife handle; 1032. Scraping knife; 2. Platform; 3. Workbench; 4. Workpiece; 5. Fixture; 6. Cleaning mechanism; 601. Cleaning head; 602. First connecting rod; 603. Rubber tube; 604. Air pump; 7. Color developing mechanism; 701. Second connecting rod; 702. Support; 703. Pigment box; 704. Roller brush; 8. Grinding mechanism; 801. Column; 802. Counterweight; 803. Crossbeam; 804. Grinding block; 805. Motor; 9. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the automatic scraping machine includes: a scraping mechanism 1, a cleaning mechanism 6, a color-developing mechanism 7, and a grinding mechanism 8. The scraping mechanism 1 is mounted on the worktable 3 and performs reciprocating scraping motions on the surface of the workpiece 4. The cleaning mechanism 6 is located downstream of the scraping mechanism 1 and is used to clean the chips from the surface of the workpiece 4. The color-developing mechanism 7 is located downstream of the cleaning mechanism 6 and is used to apply a color-developing agent to the surface of the workpiece 4. The grinding mechanism 8 is located downstream of the color-developing mechanism 7 and is used to grind the surface of the workpiece 4 after the color-developing agent has been applied to reveal contact points.

[0023] Workpiece 4 is fixed on worktable 3 by fixture 5. Worktable 3 and base 2 are slidably connected by a gear and rack pair. The gear is mounted on base 2. When the gear rotates, it drives the rack and worktable 3 to move along the slide rail, thereby moving workpiece 4.

[0024] like Figure 3-5 As shown, the scraping mechanism 1 includes a drive mechanism 101, a guide mechanism 102, and a scraping blade mechanism 103. The output shaft of the drive mechanism 101 is connected to the guide roller 1021. The drive mechanism 101 includes a drive motor and a multi-stage gear transmission system, which is equipped with a variable speed mechanism. The multi-stage gear transmission system includes a pair of double gear pairs and a pair of gear pairs. The drive motor drives the gear pairs to rotate, and the gear pairs drive the double gear pairs to rotate. The variable speed mechanism is equipped with a paddle, which is mounted on a movable shaft. By manually or by motor, the movable shaft can be moved, and the paddle will change the axial position of one of the double gears in the double gear pair, making it mesh with different tooth segments of the other double gear, thereby switching the transmission ratio and adjusting the speed of the guide roller 1021, thus changing the reciprocating frequency and power output of the scraping blade 1032.

[0025] The guiding mechanism 102 includes a guide roller 1021, a guide rail 1022, a slider 1023, and a sliding member 1024. The scraping mechanism 103 includes a handle 1031 and a scraping blade 1032. The output shaft of the drive mechanism 101 is connected to the guide roller 1021. The guide roller 1021 is rotatably connected to the top of the platform 9, the guide rail 1022 is fixedly connected to the platform 9, and the slider 1023 is slidably connected to the guide rail 1022. In the scraping blade mechanism 103, both the handle 1031 and the sliding member 1024 are fixedly connected to the slider 1023. A spiral guide groove is provided on the surface of the guide roller 1021. When the drive mechanism 101 drives the guide roller 1021 to rotate, the sliding member 1024 slides in the guide groove and moves reciprocating linearly along the guide rail 1022 together with the slider 1023.

[0026] The guide groove on the surface of the guide roller 1021 has a tool drop groove on the side near the workpiece 4, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the length of the tool groove is half that of the guide groove. When the sliding member 1024 slides into the tool groove, the scraping tool mechanism 103 falls down to scrape the workpiece 4. When the sliding member 1024 slides out of the tool groove, it drives one end of the slider 1023 to lift, thus raising the scraping tool mechanism 103. During scraping, the guide roller 1021 rotates 180°, and the top of the sliding member 1024 slides within the tool groove, allowing the scraping tool 1032 to complete the cutting of the workpiece 4. When the guide roller 1021 continues to rotate from 108° to 360°, the top of the sliding member 1024 slides out of the tool groove, causing the slider 1023 to lift, thereby lifting the scraping tool 1032 to prevent the tool tip from dragging and scraping the machined surface. The scraping tool 1032 then returns to its initial position.

[0027] An angle adjustment structure is provided on the tool shank 1031 and / or the scraping tool 1032. As Figure 6 shown, angle scale lines are engraved on the inner wall of the tool mounting hole of the tool shank 1031. During installation, insert the scraping tool 1032 into the tool shank hole, align the required angle scale line, and then lock it hydraulically to achieve precise setting of the working angle of the scraping tool 1032.

[0028] The scraping tool 1032 has a rectangular cross-section cantilever beam structure, and the dimensions of the effective length L, thickness t, and width b are designed according to the material elastic modulus E, the estimated cutting force F, and the target single-pass scraping amount h_pass, and satisfy the control condition of the tip deflection δ: δ ≤ β·h_pass, where β is the safety factor and its value range is 1.2 - 1.5.

[0029] The scraping tool 1032 is divided into three types according to the machining accuracy, and the dimension ranges are as follows: Ultra-precision type: effective length L ≤ 5 mm, thickness t ≥ 1.2 mm; Precision type, with lower precision than the first type: effective length 5 mm < L ≤ 12 mm, thickness t is 0.9 mm to 1.8 mm; General type, with lower precision than the second type: effective length 8 mm ≤ L ≤ 30 mm.

[0030] Taking ultra-precision scraping as an example, set the single-pass scraping amount h_pass to 1 μm, and the safety factor β is taken as 1.3, then the allowable maximum deflection δ_allow is 1.3 μm. If the material of the scraping tool is cemented carbide (E ≈ 600 GPa), the estimated cutting force F is 5 N, and the designed effective length L = 5 mm. According to the cantilever beam deflection formula δ = (FL^3) / (3EI), where I is the moment of inertia of the cross-section (for a rectangular cross-section, I = bt^3 / 12). To satisfy δ ≤ 1.3 μm, the required minimum cross-sectional dimensions can be calculated inversely. For example, if t = 1.5 mm is selected, the minimum value of the required width b can be calculated, and a safety margin is added on this basis to finally determine the tool cross-section. The general type and precision type scraping tools can be designed by referring to a similar method within the corresponding L and h_pass ranges.

[0031] As Figure 7-9As shown, the cleaning mechanism 6 includes a cleaning head 601, a first connecting rod 602, a rubber tube 603, and an air pump 604. The cleaning head 601 is mounted on the first connecting rod 602, and the rubber tube 603 connects the air pump 604 to the cleaning head 601. The color developing mechanism 7 includes a second connecting rod 701, a support 702, a pigment box 703, and a roller brush 704. The pigment box 703 is connected to the roller brush 704, and the two ends of the second connecting rod 701 are respectively connected to the pigment box 703 and the support 702. The grinding mechanism 8 includes a column 801, a counterweight 802, a crossbeam 803, a grinding block 804, and a motor 805. The two ends of the crossbeam 803 are slidably connected to a column 801, the motor 805 is mounted on the crossbeam 803, the grinding block 804 is connected to the motor 805, and the counterweight 802 is detachably mounted on the crossbeam 803.

[0032] After the workpiece 4 has completed the scraping of one area, it moves with the worktable 3 and first passes through the cleaning mechanism ( Figure 7 The air pump generates compressed air, which is delivered to the cleaning head 601 through the rubber hose 603 to blow the scraped iron filings away from the workpiece surface and the machine tool area.

[0033] Subsequently, the workpiece enters the color developing mechanism ( Figure 8 The motor inside the mechanism drives two roller brushes to rotate, dipping them in the developer from the pigment box and applying them evenly to the scraped surface of the workpiece.

[0034] Finally, the workpiece reaches the grinding mechanism ( Figure 9 Motor 805 drives grinding block 804 to rotate at high speed. The U-shaped counterweights on both sides of the frame can be increased or decreased according to the required grinding pressure. Grinding block 804 grinds the surface coated with colorant. The colorant at the high points of the workpiece surface (i.e., the points in contact with the ideal plane) is ground off, revealing bright spots, thus visually reflecting the quality of scraping and the distribution of contact points.

[0035] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine, characterized in that, Comprising: A scraping mechanism (1), installed above the workbench (3), performing a reciprocating scraping motion on the surface of the workpiece (4); A cleaning mechanism (6), arranged downstream of the scraping mechanism (1), used for cleaning the chips on the surface of the workpiece (4); A coloring mechanism (7), arranged downstream of the cleaning mechanism (6), used for applying a coloring agent to the surface of the workpiece (4); A grinding mechanism (8), arranged downstream of the coloring mechanism (7), used for grinding the surface of the workpiece (4) after applying the coloring agent to reveal the contact points.

2. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping mechanism (1) includes a driving mechanism (101), a guiding mechanism (102), and a scraping tool mechanism (103). The guiding mechanism (102) includes a guiding roller (1021), a guide rail (1022), a slider (1023), and a sliding member (1024). The guiding roller (1021) is rotatably connected above the pedestal (9), the guide rail (1022) is fixedly connected above the pedestal (9), the slider (1023) is slidably connected to the guide rail (1022), both the scraping tool mechanism (103) and the sliding member (1024) are fixedly connected to the slider (1023), the sliding member (1024) is slidably connected to the guiding roller (1021), the driving mechanism (101) drives the guiding roller (1021) to rotate, and the guiding roller (1021) drives the sliding member (1021) and the scraping tool mechanism (103) to perform a linear reciprocating motion.

3. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, A spiral guiding groove is provided on the surface of the guiding roller (1021). When the guiding roller (1021) rotates, the sliding member (1024) slides in the guiding groove and reciprocates linearly along the guide rail (1022) together with the slider (1023).

4. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, A tool dropping groove is provided on the side of the guiding groove close to the workpiece (4). The length of the tool dropping groove is half of the length of the guiding groove. When the sliding member (1024) slides into the tool dropping groove, the scraping tool mechanism (103) drops to scrape the workpiece (4). When the sliding member (1024) slides out of the tool dropping groove, the sliding member (1024) raises one end of the slider (1023) to lift the scraping tool mechanism (103).

5. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scraping tool mechanism (103) includes a tool handle (1031) and a scraping tool (1032). An angle adjustment structure is provided on the tool handle (1031) and / or the scraping tool (1032), and angle graduation lines are engraved on the inner wall of the tool mounting hole of the tool handle (1031) and / or the tool shank of the scraping tool (1032).

6. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The scraping tool (1032) is a rectangular cross-section cantilever beam structure. The dimensions of the effective length L, thickness t, and width b are designed according to the material elastic modulus E, the estimated cutting force F, and the target single-pass scraping amount h_pass, and satisfy the control condition of the tip deflection δ: δ ≤ β·h_pass, where β is a safety factor with a value range of 1.2 - 1.

5.

7. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The scraping tool (1032) is divided into three types according to the machining accuracy, and the dimension ranges are as follows: The first type: the effective length L ≤ 5mm, and the thickness t ≥ 1.2mm; The second type, with a lower accuracy than the first type: 5mm < L ≤ 12mm, and the thickness t ranges from 0.9mm to 1.8mm; The third type has a lower precision than the second type: effective length 8mm≤L≤30mm.

8. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning mechanism (6) includes a cleaning head (601), a first connecting rod (602), a rubber tube (603), and an air pump (604). The cleaning head (601) is mounted on the first connecting rod (602), and the rubber tube (603) connects the air pump (604) to the cleaning head (601). The color developing mechanism (7) includes a second connecting rod (701), a support (702), a pigment box (703), and a roller brush (704). The pigment box (703) is connected to the roller brush (704), and the second connecting rod... (701) is connected to a pigment box (703) and a support (702) at both ends respectively; the grinding mechanism (8) includes a column (801), a counterweight (802), a crossbeam (803), a grinding block (804), and a motor (805). A column (801) is slidably connected to both ends of the crossbeam (803), the motor (805) is mounted on the crossbeam (803), the grinding block (804) is connected to the motor (805), and the counterweight (802) is detachably mounted on the crossbeam (803).

9. The multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench (3) and the base (2) are slidably connected by a gear and rack pair. The gear is installed on the base (2). When the gear rotates, it drives the rack and the workbench (3) to move along the slide rail.

10. A multi-angle double-blade automatic scraping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (101) includes a drive motor and a multi-stage gear transmission system, wherein the multi-stage gear transmission system is equipped with a variable speed mechanism.

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