Shallow water area geomat construction process control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a shallow water area geotechnical mat construction process control method which comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out acceptance check and paving of geotechnical mats on a flat land, and carrying out transverse splicing of a plurality of geotechnical mats by adopting a mode of'eyelet buckles and high-strength ribbons' to form a geotechnical mat with overall breadth, in the splicing process, a tension regulator is used for applying moderate tension force to the geotechnical mat, and it is guaranteed that the splicing face is smooth and free of wrinkles; s2, firmly fixing the initial end of the spliced geotextile mat through a fixing hook welded to the surface of a winding drum, erecting the two ends of the winding drum on a special bracket through a bearing, driving a rotating rod to wind at a constant speed through manpower or a motor, binding counterweight sand bags at the free end of the geotextile mat in the length direction according to a set interval after winding is completed, and adjusting the density of filler in the sand bags, and different water flow conditions can be adapted. According to the method, the prominent problems of low efficiency, difficult quality control, high cost, high safety risk and the like in a transitional shallow water area by a traditional manual laying method and a ship laying method are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of underwater engineering construction, such as port and waterway projects, water conservancy revetments, and land reclamation projects, laying underwater geomats is a key process for foundation reinforcement, erosion prevention, and seepage prevention. Its construction quality directly affects the long-term safety and stability of the engineering structure. Currently, for special operating environments such as nearshore shallow water areas and intertidal zones, common construction methods mainly include direct manual laying and ship-positioned laying.

[0003] The manual direct laying method is typically used in extremely shallow waters with a depth of no more than 1.5 meters or in areas where drainage is possible. It relies on workers entering the water to drag, flatten, and ballast the geomat. This method is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also highly dependent on worker experience, easily leading to problems such as wrinkles and uneven overlaps in the geomat. Furthermore, it is significantly affected by tides and water flow, resulting in poor operational safety and difficulty in systematically controlling quality.

[0004] The vessel-based positioning and laying method relies on a dedicated laying vessel or a modified barge as a working platform. The geomat is deployed using rollers and winches mounted on the vessel, and divers assist with underwater positioning and ballasting. While this method is suitable for areas with greater water depth (typically ≥2.5 meters), it has strict requirements on the vessel's draft. Grounding is a risky activity in the "transitional shallow water zone" between 1.5 and 2.5 meters. Furthermore, the costs of vessel deployment, modification, and leasing are high, making it less economical for small- to medium-sized projects or dispersed work sites, and it lacks construction flexibility.

[0005] To address the above issues, we have developed a method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention discloses a method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas, aiming to solve the technical problems in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas includes the following steps: S1. On the flat land, the geomat is inspected and laid out. Multiple geomats are spliced ​​laterally using the method of "eyelet buckle + high-strength cable tie" to form a geomat of the whole width. During the splicing process, a tension regulator is used to apply appropriate tension to the geomat to ensure that the splicing surface is flat and wrinkle-free. S2. Securely fix the starting end of the spliced ​​geomat with the fixing hook welded on the surface of the roll. The two ends of the roll are mounted on a special bracket through bearings. The roll is wound at a uniform speed by manual or motor-driven rotating rod. After the roll is completed, tie counterweight sandbags at a set interval along the length of the free end of the geomat. The density of the filling material in the sandbags can be adjusted to adapt to different water flow conditions. S3. The crawler crane's main hook symmetrically lifts the bearing seats at both ends of the drum via a wire rope, while the auxiliary hook simultaneously lifts and flattens the steel pipe. After being transported to the laying starting point, the free end of the geomat is lowered so that the counterweight sandbags contact the bottom of the water. The coordinates of the laying starting point are then checked using the RTK positioning system to ensure that the deviation from the design axis is ≤10cm. S4. Activate the drum brake and lift the traction drum at a constant speed through the main hook to release the geomat. The release speed is manually fine-tuned by the brake lever and cable and is controlled in conjunction with the speed of the main hook. The flattened steel pipe lowered by the auxiliary hook adopts a telescopic structure at both ends. Its length can be adapted to the actual width of the geomat. The lowering height of the steel pipe is adjusted in real time according to the water depth and can swing slightly in the horizontal plane to eliminate local wrinkles. S5. Use a long-arm excavator to simultaneously dump ballast stones within 5-10m after the geomat is released. During the dumping process, use underwater cameras or sonar equipment to monitor the ballast coverage and thickness in real time, and dynamically adjust the dumping position and rate based on the monitoring results. S6. After each section of the paving is completed, the corresponding position on the shore is immediately marked with paint, and the joint coordinates are recorded using RTK. At the same time, the paving speed, ballast thickness, and axis deviation data are collected to form a construction log and quality traceability file.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the eyelet buckle is pre-embedded at 50cm intervals along the edge of the geomat, and the high-strength cable tie is a disposable tensile cable tie with a tensile strength of not less than 10kN. After binding, it is close to the surface of the geomat and does not lift up.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the drum is composed of a seamless steel pipe and bearings at both ends, with a rotating rod connected to the outside of the bearings, and a brake hole provided on the rotating rod; The special bracket has an arc-shaped groove at the top, with a rubber pad lining the groove to reduce vibration and noise when the drum rotates.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the roll is circumferentially welded with multiple fixed hooks, the hooks being arc-shaped and fitting against the outer wall of the roll, with a hook spacing of 2m, used to hook the starting end of the geomat during rolling and prevent slippage.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the flattened steel pipe is a hollow steel pipe, which can be filled with counterweight material, and has lifting lugs and quick connectors at both ends for easy connection with the auxiliary hook and length adjustment.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the release speed is controlled between 0.05 and 0.1 m / s, and the release length is fed back in real time by an angle sensor installed on the drum brake rod, which is linked to and verified with the main hook height data.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the ballast stone is a two-piece stone with a particle size of 80-150mm, which is screened and washed before being dumped, and the dumping thickness is ≥15cm, covering the edge of the geotextile mat by no less than 50cm.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the underwater camera is installed near the bucket teeth of the long-arm excavator, and the video signal is transmitted to the onshore monitoring screen in real time to assist the operator in judging the ballast landing point and coverage quality.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the construction log includes time, station number, laying length, ballast thickness, axis deviation, water level and flow velocity information, and supports electronic storage and association with QR code tags.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, if wind, waves, or increased flow velocity occur during the laying process, the stability of the geomat laying can be maintained by one or more of the following methods: increasing the number of counterweight sandbags, reducing the release speed, or temporarily increasing the braking frequency.

[0017] The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas provided by this invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention achieves comprehensive adaptability to the laying conditions of geomats in nearshore shallow water areas through the integrated process of land splicing and mechanized rolling, crawler crane double hook collaborative operation, dynamic flattening and real-time ballast following. It solves the prominent problems of low efficiency, difficult quality control, high cost and high safety risks of traditional manual laying and ship laying methods in "transitional shallow water areas".

[0018] 2. This method significantly reduces equipment dispatch and rental costs by using conventional land-based equipment instead of dedicated laying vessels. It is particularly suitable for small and medium-sized projects and scattered projects. Through tension adjustment splicing, initial positioning with counterweight sandbags, real-time RTK correction, and flattening with rolling mills for steel pipes, the flatness and axial accuracy of the geomat laid underwater are ensured. Combined with real-time underwater camera monitoring and information-based construction logs, the method achieves visualized quality control and full-process data traceability during the laying process, which can significantly improve the reliability of construction quality and the level of precision in project management. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas, as proposed in this invention.

[0020] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the roll structure of a construction process control method for geomats in shallow water areas proposed in this invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the roll support structure for a method of controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas proposed in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a construction site simulation diagram of the construction process control method for geomats in shallow water areas proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and marked in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] This invention discloses a method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas includes the following steps: S1. On the flat land, the geomat is inspected and laid out. Multiple geomats are spliced ​​laterally using the method of "eyelet buckle + high-strength cable tie" to form a geomat of the whole width. During the splicing process, a tension regulator is used to apply appropriate tension to the geomat to ensure that the splicing surface is flat and wrinkle-free. On a pre-leveled site, a tripod is used to support each geomat panel, leaving its edges suspended. Workers use a handheld tension adjuster (essentially a device with a tension gauge and clips) to hook onto the eyelets along the edges of the geomat. While aligning the two panels, a pre-set slight tension is maintained to ensure a smooth, taut joint without any slack. Then, high-strength cable ties are threaded through the aligned eyelets and secured. The splicing sequence is typically from one end to the other; this step eliminates internal wrinkles caused by uneven pulling during manual handling, ensuring smooth rolling and laying later.

[0026] S2. Securely fix the starting end of the spliced ​​geomat with the fixing hook welded on the surface of the roll. The two ends of the roll are mounted on a special bracket through bearings. The roll is wound at a uniform speed by manual or motor-driven rotating rod. After the roll is completed, tie counterweight sandbags at a set interval along the length of the free end of the geomat. The density of the filling material in the sandbags can be adjusted to adapt to different water flow conditions. The assembled wide geomats are moved to a specialized rolling support. The roll on the support is driven by a manually inserted extended steel pipe as a rotating rod. Before rolling, workers accurately hook the eyelets at the starting edge of the geomat onto the fixed hooks on the surface of the roll. During rolling, workers on both sides rotate the rotating rod at a uniform speed, while a third person observes and directs adjustments to ensure the edge of the geomat remains aligned with the roll's axis without any lateral deviation. After rolling, polyester woven bags filled with medium sand are tied to the free end of the geomat with high-strength ropes at 2-meter intervals.

[0027] S3. The crawler crane's main hook symmetrically lifts the bearing seats at both ends of the drum via a wire rope, while the auxiliary hook simultaneously lifts and flattens the steel pipe. After being transported to the laying starting point, the free end of the geomat is lowered so that the counterweight sandbags contact the bottom of the water. The coordinates of the laying starting point are then checked using the RTK positioning system to ensure that the deviation from the design axis is ≤10cm. The crawler crane is positioned, and the main hook wire rope passes through the bearing seats at both ends of the drum. The auxiliary hook is connected to the lifting lugs at both ends of the flattened steel pipe via lifting straps. The two hooks lift simultaneously, hoisting the drum and steel pipe as a whole to above the designed laying starting point. At this point, the operator slowly lowers the main hook until the counterweight sandbags at the free end of the geotextile mat are completely in contact with the bottom of the water (this can be judged by observing the slack in the cable). Simultaneously, the surveyor uses an RTK rover to measure the planar coordinates of the drum's axis in real time, compares it with the designed axis, and directs the crane to make fine adjustments until the axis deviation is ≤10cm.

[0028] S4. Activate the drum brake and lift the traction drum at a constant speed through the main hook to release the geomat. The release speed is manually fine-tuned by the brake lever and cable and is controlled in conjunction with the speed of the main hook. The flattened steel pipe lowered by the auxiliary hook adopts a telescopic structure at both ends. Its length can be adapted to the actual width of the geomat. The lowering height of the steel pipe is adjusted in real time according to the water depth and can swing slightly in the horizontal plane to eliminate local wrinkles. After initial positioning, onshore support personnel release the brake by pulling the drum brake lever using the traction rope. The crawler crane operator operates the main hook, moving along the laying direction or simply raising the hook. The drum begins to rotate and release the geotextile under the traction force. Simultaneously, the auxiliary hook lowers the flattened steel pipe, gently pressing it onto the geotextile mat that has been released and is floating on the water surface or submerged in shallow water. Because the flattened steel pipe is extendable at both ends (e.g., with a sleeve design), it can accommodate width variations of ±1m. The operator can perform a "rolling" motion on the geotextile mat surface by slightly swinging the auxiliary hook, eliminating wrinkles.

[0029] S5. Use a long-arm excavator to simultaneously dump ballast stones within 5-10m after the geomat is released. During the dumping process, use underwater cameras or sonar equipment to monitor the ballast coverage and thickness in real time, and dynamically adjust the dumping position and rate based on the monitoring results. A long-arm excavator follows synchronously at a safe distance of 5-10 meters behind the crawler crane. After the geotextile mat is released and flattened to a length of approximately 5-10 meters, the excavator begins to evenly and continuously dump the screened and washed stones from its bucket onto the geotextile mat. During dumping, the bucket should be lowered and unloaded slowly to avoid damaging the geotextile mat due to stone impact. To monitor quality, a waterproof camera is installed on the excavator's bucket arm, with the lens pointed at the dumping area, and the video signal is transmitted back to the onshore monitoring screen in real time.

[0030] S6. After each section of laying is completed, paint markings are immediately made at the corresponding positions on the shore, and RTK is used to record the joint coordinates. At the same time, laying speed, ballast thickness, and axis deviation data are collected to form a construction log and quality traceability archive. After each roll of geomat is laid, the construction worker immediately marks the "geomat end" and "ballast zone start" positions clearly with red spray paint on the corresponding embankment top or known fixed object on the bank.

[0031] RTK surveyors simultaneously collect the precise coordinates of the marker point. All data, including time, station number, laying length, RTK coordinates, and daily water level and flow velocity observation records, are entered into the electronic construction log system. A QR code containing key information can be generated and attached to the corresponding construction log page.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the eyelet buckle is pre-embedded at equal intervals of 50cm along the edge of the geomat, and the high-strength cable tie is a disposable tensile cable tie with a tensile strength of not less than 10kN. After binding, it is close to the surface of the geomat and does not lift up. In practice, workers carry a waist bag pre-loaded with 50 high-strength cable ties. They squat down every 50cm along the seam to complete one tying, ensuring high efficiency and uniform spacing. After tying, they gently tap the cable ties with a rubber mallet to ensure they are flat and secure.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the drum is composed of a seamless steel pipe and bearings at both ends, with a rotating rod connected to the outside of the bearings, and a brake hole provided on the rotating rod; The special bracket has an arc-shaped groove at the top, with a rubber pad lining the groove to reduce vibration and noise when the drum rotates; The bracket's arc-shaped slot is prefabricated in the factory, and the rubber pad is a replaceable, wear-resistant rubber strip, secured with bolt plates for easy replacement after wear. The brake hole on the rotating rod is a series of equally spaced circular holes; the brake rod can be locked by inserting it into any of the holes.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the surface of the roll is circumferentially welded with multiple fixed hooks, the hooks are arc-shaped and fit against the outer wall of the roll, and the hook spacing is 2m, which are used to hook the starting end of the geomat during rolling and prevent slippage.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the flattened steel pipe is a hollow steel pipe, which can be filled with counterweight material, and has lifting lugs and quick connectors at both ends for easy connection with the auxiliary hook and length adjustment.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the release speed is controlled between 0.05-0.1 m / s, and the release length is fed back in real time by an angle sensor set on the drum brake rod, which is linked to the main hook height data for verification. An angle sensor can be installed on the drum brake lever, which can convert the drum rotation angle signal into a wireless signal and send it to the display screen in the crane operator's cab.

[0037] The driver can visually see the comparison curves of "theoretical release length (main hook displacement)" and "actual release length (drum rotation calculation)". If the deviation between the two curves exceeds the limit, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection to prevent the geomat from slipping or getting stuck.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the ballast stone is a two-piece stone with a particle size of 80-150mm, which is screened and washed before being dumped, and the dumping thickness is ≥15cm, covering the edge of the geotextile mat by no less than 50cm. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the underwater camera is installed near the bucket teeth of the long-arm excavator, and the video signal is transmitted to the shore monitoring screen in real time to assist the operator in judging the ballast landing point and coverage quality. The underwater camera is installed in a protective housing with a universal joint. The signal is transmitted to a repeater in the excavator cab via a waterproof cable, and then wirelessly transmitted to the monitoring tent on shore. The monitoring screen is split, simultaneously displaying the camera feed and the RTK planar positioning map, achieving fused monitoring of "image" and "location".

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the construction log includes time, station number, laying length, ballast thickness, axis deviation, water level and flow velocity information, and supports electronic storage and association with QR code tags; Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, if wind and waves or increased flow velocity are encountered during the laying process, the stability of the geomat laying can be maintained by one or more of the following methods: increasing the number of counterweight sandbags, reducing the release speed, and temporarily increasing the braking frequency. When the wind speed suddenly increases and causes violent water surface fluctuations, the release can be stopped immediately, the brake lever can be inserted into the brake hole to lock the drum, and then an additional batch of counterweight sandbags can be urgently thrown onto the geotextile mat that has been released but not yet ballasted. Finally, after assessing the risks, the release speed can be reduced and the brake can be used more frequently for "point release".

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The substitutions may be replacements of some structures, devices, or method steps, or they may be complete technical solutions. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. On the flat land, the geomat is inspected and laid out. Multiple geomats are spliced ​​laterally using the method of "eyelet buckle + high-strength cable tie" to form a geomat of the whole width. During the splicing process, a tension regulator is used to apply appropriate tension to the geomat to ensure that the splicing surface is flat and wrinkle-free. S2. Securely fix the starting end of the spliced ​​geomat with the fixing hook welded on the surface of the roll. The two ends of the roll are mounted on a special bracket through bearings. The roll is wound at a uniform speed by manual or motor-driven rotating rod. After the roll is completed, tie counterweight sandbags at a set interval along the length of the free end of the geomat. The density of the filling material in the sandbags can be adjusted to adapt to different water flow conditions. S3. The crawler crane's main hook symmetrically lifts the bearing seats at both ends of the drum via a wire rope, while the auxiliary hook simultaneously lifts and flattens the steel pipe. After being transported to the laying starting point, the free end of the geomat is lowered so that the counterweight sandbags contact the bottom of the water. The coordinates of the laying starting point are then checked using the RTK positioning system to ensure that the deviation from the design axis is ≤10cm. S4. Activate the drum brake and lift the traction drum at a constant speed through the main hook to release the geomat. The release speed is manually fine-tuned by the brake lever and cable and is controlled in conjunction with the speed of the main hook. The flattened steel pipe lowered by the auxiliary hook adopts a telescopic structure at both ends. Its length can be adapted to the actual width of the geomat. The lowering height of the steel pipe is adjusted in real time according to the water depth and can swing slightly in the horizontal plane to eliminate local wrinkles. S5. Use a long-arm excavator to simultaneously dump ballast stones within 5-10m after the geomat is released. During the dumping process, use underwater cameras or sonar equipment to monitor the ballast coverage and thickness in real time, and dynamically adjust the dumping position and rate based on the monitoring results. S6. After each section of the paving is completed, the corresponding position on the shore is immediately marked with paint, and the joint coordinates are recorded using RTK. At the same time, the paving speed, ballast thickness, and axis deviation data are collected to form a construction log and quality traceability file.

2. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the eyelet buckle is pre-embedded at 50cm intervals along the edge of the geomat, and the high-strength cable tie is a disposable tensile cable tie with a tensile strength of not less than 10kN. After binding, it is close to the surface of the geomat and does not lift up.

3. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the drum is composed of a seamless steel pipe and bearings at both ends, with a rotating rod connected to the outside of the bearings, and a brake hole provided on the rotating rod; The special bracket has an arc-shaped groove at the top, with a rubber pad lining the groove to reduce vibration and noise when the drum rotates.

4. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the roll is welded with multiple fixed hooks around its circumference. The hooks are arc-shaped and fit against the outer wall of the roll. The hook spacing is 2m. They are used to hook the starting end of the geomat during rolling and prevent slippage.

5. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the flattened steel pipe is a hollow steel pipe, which can be filled with counterweight material. Both ends are equipped with lifting lugs and quick connectors to facilitate connection with the auxiliary hook and length adjustment.

6. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the release speed is controlled between 0.05-0.1 m / s, and the release length is fed back in real time by an angle sensor set on the drum brake rod, which is linked with the main hook height data for verification.

7. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the ballast stone is a two-piece stone with a particle size of 80-150mm. It is screened and washed before being dumped, and the dumping thickness is ≥15cm, covering the edge of the geotextile mat by no less than 50cm.

8. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the underwater camera device is installed near the bucket teeth of the long-arm excavator, and the video signal is transmitted to the onshore monitoring screen in real time to assist the operator in judging the ballast landing point and coverage quality.

9. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the construction log includes time, station number, laying length, ballast thickness, axis deviation, water level and flow velocity information, and supports electronic storage and association with QR code tags.

10. The method for controlling the construction process of geomats in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, If wind, waves, or increased flow velocity are encountered during the laying process, the stability of the geomat can be maintained by one or more of the following methods: increasing the number of counterweight sandbags, reducing the release speed, or temporarily increasing the braking frequency.

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