Single-layer aluminum-wood combined reticulated shell structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-layer aluminum-wood combined reticulated shell structure, and belongs to the technical field of building structure engineering. The technical problems that an existing single-layer wood reticulated shell structure is weak in node rigidity and complex in structure are solved. In order to solve the technical problem, the aluminum alloy joint comprises a glued wood rod piece, an aluminum alloy joint and an aluminum alloy sleeve, an aluminum alloy sleeve sleeves and is fixed at the end part of the glued wood rod piece, a thread or a groove is formed in the inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve, and the aluminum alloy sleeve is fixedly connected with the glued wood rod piece through bonding; the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is in rigid connection with the aluminum alloy joint through welding, bolt connection or pin shaft connection, or the aluminum alloy joint and the aluminum alloy sleeve are of an integrally-formed structure. The local bearing capacity and rigidity of the ends of the glued wood rod pieces are enhanced through the aluminum alloy sleeves, a rigid joint system is formed through rigid connection of the glued wood rod pieces and the aluminum alloy joints, and the large-span space structure is mainly used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building structure engineering technology, specifically to a single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure. Background Technology

[0002] Single-layer reticulated shell structures are a common form of large-span spatial structure, possessing advantages such as reasonable stress distribution, flexible design, and aesthetic appeal. Wood, as a renewable, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly building material, shows promise for application in reticulated shell structures. However, the joints of pure wood single-layer reticulated shell structures often present the following problems: First, stress concentration is significant at the joints, resulting in weak joint rigidity and affecting the overall structural stiffness; second, achieving rigid joint connections often requires complex combinations of steel plates, bolts, dowels, and other components, leading to complex joint construction, high precision requirements, and significant on-site construction difficulties; third, the wood and metal connectors are prone to loosening due to moisture expansion and contraction, affecting durability.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a new type of wood-reinforced shell structure and joint construction that simplifies the construction while ensuring joint rigidity, thereby improving construction efficiency and structural reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0005] One objective of this invention is to address the problems of weak node rigidity and complex structure in existing single-layer wood mesh shells by providing a single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure. This structure leverages the material advantages of wood and aluminum alloy, and achieves a balance between node rigidity and structural simplification through a new node connection method.

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, comprising: Glulam poles; Aluminum alloy joints; and Aluminum alloy sleeve; The aluminum alloy sleeve is sleeved and fixed to the end of the glued laminated timber member. The inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with threads or grooves. The first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is fixedly connected to the glued laminated timber member by bonding. The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy node by welding, bolting, or pin connection, or the aluminum alloy node and the aluminum alloy sleeve are integrally formed.

[0007] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is fixedly connected to the glued laminated wood rod by epoxy resin structural adhesive.

[0008] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the aluminum alloy node is provided with a connection interface that matches the outer contour of the aluminum alloy sleeve, and the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is inserted into the connection interface and rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy node by bolts.

[0009] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the glued laminated timber members are straight or bent rods with a circular, rectangular, or polygonal cross-section; the mesh shell structure is a spherical mesh shell, a cylindrical mesh shell, a hyperbolic paraboloid mesh shell, or a free-form mesh shell.

[0010] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the outer wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with a corrugated structure, which is formed by alternating multiple annular grooves and multiple annular protrusions continuously distributed along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the depth of each annular groove is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the local wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the location of the corresponding annular groove; the spacing between two adjacent annular grooves is 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter of the glued laminated timber member; the corrugated structure includes at least three annular grooves and annular protrusions.

[0012] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the aluminum alloy sleeve further includes a middle section disposed between the first end and the second end, and the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve gradually increases or decreases from the middle section to the second end, forming a stiffness-gradient transition section extending along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy sleeve; and the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with a chamfered or rounded transition section.

[0013] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve increases or decreases linearly from the middle section to the second end, and the wall thickness change rate k satisfies 0.01 ≤ k ≤ 0.1, where k = |t2- t1| / L, t1 is the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the starting position of the middle section, t2 is the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the end face of the second end, and L is the axial length of the middle section and the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the outer wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve is covered with a heat insulation layer, which is made of ceramic fiber, rock wool or fireproof coating; the interior of the middle section is filled with heat insulation material, which is ceramic fiber or rock wool.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. High node rigidity and overall stiffness: The aluminum alloy sleeve significantly enhances the local compressive, bending and shear resistance of the wooden pole ends, and through reliable connection with the rigid aluminum alloy node, it forms a rigid node for transmitting bending moment, which greatly improves the overall stiffness and stability of the grid shell.

[0016] 2. Simple structure and convenient construction: The nodes are mainly composed of prefabricated aluminum alloy sleeves and standardized aluminum alloy nodes. The connection method is simple and clear, which can realize factory prefabrication and rapid on-site assembly, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0017] 3. Excellent load-bearing performance: It makes full use of the high tensile and compressive strength of glued laminated timber and the good bending resistance and connection performance of aluminum alloy, resulting in a reasonable stress distribution and high safety reserve.

[0018] 4. Good durability: The aluminum alloy material is corrosion resistant, and the sleeve provides good protection for the end of the wooden pole, reducing deformation and damage to the wood caused by environmental changes and improving the durability of the joint.

[0019] 5. Wide applicability: The node structure is lightweight and can be applied to single-layer reticulated shells with various curved surface forms, resulting in strong architectural expressiveness.

[0020] 6. Excellent stress dispersion and improved end stress: This invention incorporates a corrugated structure on the outer wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve. This corrugated structure, formed by alternating annular grooves and annular protrusions continuously distributed along the axial direction, alters the geometry of the sleeve's outer wall. The corrugated structure causes the sleeve's stiffness in this region to exhibit periodic changes along the axial direction, helping to disperse concentrated stress over a longer section and reduce the peak stress at the end of the wooden pole. The concave and convex portions of the corrugated structure can produce slight elastic deformation under stress, which can, to some extent, coordinate the deformation differences between the wood and aluminum alloy caused by temperature changes or loads, reducing the risk of interface damage.

[0021] 7. Gradual stiffness transition and uniform stress distribution: This invention creates a gradual stiffness transition section extending axially by varying the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve from the middle section to the second end. Simultaneously, a chamfered or rounded transition section is provided at the first end of the sleeve, improving its geometry. The gradual change in wall thickness ensures continuous axial stiffness variation, conforming to stress transmission principles and reducing stress concentration at the end of the wooden rod. The chamfered or rounded transition section eliminates abrupt geometric changes at the edge of the first end of the sleeve, further improving stress distribution in that area and making the insertion of the wooden rod smoother. This improves the load-bearing performance of the joint without adding extra material.

[0022] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a local area A.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the glued laminated timber rod and the aluminum alloy sleeve and node provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view 1-1.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the glued laminated timber rod and the integrated aluminum alloy node provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view 2-2.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy sleeve in another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, comprising: glued laminated timber rods 1; aluminum alloy nodes 3; and aluminum alloy sleeves 2; the aluminum alloy sleeves 2 are sleeved and fixed to the ends of the glued laminated timber rods 1, the inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeves 2 is provided with threads or grooves, and the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeves is fixedly connected to the glued laminated timber rods 1 by bonding; the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeves 2 is rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy nodes 3 by welding, bolting, or pin connection, or the aluminum alloy nodes and the aluminum alloy sleeves are integrally formed structures.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure of the present invention includes glued laminated timber members 1, aluminum alloy nodes 3, and aluminum alloy sleeves 2. The ends of the glued laminated timber members are fitted with aluminum alloy sleeves, and are connected to the aluminum alloy nodes through the aluminum alloy sleeves to form an integral mesh shell structure.

[0033] like Figure 2As shown, the aluminum alloy sleeve 2 has a first end and a second end. The first end is used to connect with the glued laminated timber member 1, and the second end is used to connect with the aluminum alloy node 3. The end of the glued laminated timber member is inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve. The inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with threads or grooves. The inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and the outer surface of the glued laminated timber member are fixedly connected by adhesive, so that a strong connection is formed between the glued laminated timber member and the aluminum alloy sleeve.

[0034] In this embodiment, the threads or grooves on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve serve the following functions. When assembling the glued laminated timber member with the aluminum alloy sleeve, adhesive is uniformly applied to the outer surface of the glued laminated timber member or the inner wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve. After the glued laminated timber member is inserted into the sleeve, the adhesive fills the gap between the glued laminated timber member and the aluminum alloy sleeve, as well as the threads or grooves on the inner wall. The presence of threads or grooves increases the contact area between the adhesive and the aluminum alloy sleeve, allowing the adhesive to embed within the threads or grooves, forming a bonding layer with a embedding effect after curing. This embedding effect improves the bonding strength between the adhesive and the aluminum alloy sleeve, reduces the possibility of peeling between the bonding layer and the sleeve interface, thereby enhancing the bonding effect between the glued laminated timber member and the aluminum alloy sleeve. The embedding effect of the threads or grooves on the adhesive also gives the bonding layer better stability under shear loads, improving the reliability of the connection.

[0035] The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy node. In one embodiment, the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node are fixedly connected by welding to form a rigid node. In another embodiment, the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node are rigidly connected by bolts or pins. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy node and the aluminum alloy sleeve are integrally molded, that is, the aluminum alloy node and the aluminum alloy sleeve are integrally cast or machined, and the end of the glued laminated timber member is directly inserted into the sleeve portion of this integrally molded structure and fixed by bonding.

[0036] The construction process of this invention is as follows: Glulam timber poles and aluminum alloy sleeves are prefabricated in a factory. The ends of the glued laminated timber poles are inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeves and fixed with adhesive to form a pole assembly with sleeves. If an integrated aluminum alloy node and aluminum alloy sleeve structure is used, an integrated node sleeve component is prefabricated, and the ends of the glued laminated timber poles are inserted and bonded. The prefabricated assembly is transported to the construction site. On-site, the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve in the pole assembly with the sleeve fixed is rigidly connected to a pre-positioned aluminum alloy node. This can be achieved by welding, bolting, or pin connection, completing the assembly of the grid shell structure.

[0037] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following characteristics. In existing single-layer wood mesh shell structures, timber is directly connected at the joints using steel plates, bolts, and other connectors. This results in significant stress concentration at the joints, weak joint rigidity, and complex construction. This invention uses aluminum alloy sleeves fitted onto the ends of glued laminated timber members, which are then fixedly connected to the timber members using adhesive. Threads or grooves are provided on the inner wall of the sleeves, allowing the adhesive to embed and create a secure fit, enhancing the connection reliability at the ends of the timber members. The aluminum alloy sleeves enhance the local load-bearing capacity and rigidity at the ends of the glued laminated timber members. As a transitional connector, it then achieves a rigid connection with the aluminum alloy joints, forming an integrated rigid joint system and improving the overall rigidity of the mesh shell. Simultaneously, the secure fit structure formed by the adhesive embedded in the threads or grooves improves the bonding strength between the adhesive layer and the sleeve interface, reducing the problem of loosening caused by the expansion and contraction of the timber due to moisture or long-term loads. This construction method simplifies the joint construction while ensuring joint rigidity, facilitating factory prefabrication and on-site assembly.

[0038] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve 2 is fixedly connected to the glued laminated wood rod by epoxy resin structural adhesive 21.

[0039] In this embodiment, using epoxy resin structural adhesive as the bonding agent has the following advantages: After curing, epoxy resin structural adhesive exhibits high bonding strength and good toughness, enabling the formation of a stable bonding interface between the wood and aluminum alloy. Epoxy resin structural adhesive demonstrates good wetting and adhesion to both wood and aluminum alloy, effectively transferring stress between them. When assembling the glued laminated timber member with the aluminum alloy sleeve, the epoxy resin structural adhesive is uniformly applied to the outer surface of the glued laminated timber member or the inner wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve. After the glued laminated timber member is inserted into the sleeve, the epoxy resin structural adhesive fills the gap between the glued laminated timber member and the aluminum alloy sleeve, as well as the threads or grooves on the inner wall. The presence of threads or grooves increases the contact area between the epoxy resin structural adhesive and the aluminum alloy sleeve, allowing the epoxy resin structural adhesive to embed into the threads or grooves, forming a bonding layer with an embedding effect after curing. This embedding effect improves the bonding strength between the epoxy resin structural adhesive and the aluminum alloy sleeve, reducing the possibility of peeling between the bonding layer and the sleeve interface. Epoxy structural adhesives have low shrinkage after curing, making them less prone to generating significant internal stress within the adhesive layer due to temperature or humidity changes, thus contributing to the long-term stability of the bond. Furthermore, epoxy structural adhesives exhibit excellent water and chemical resistance, maintaining bond strength under varying environmental conditions and enhancing the durability of the connection.

[0040] When assembling glued laminated timber (GLLT) poles with aluminum alloy sleeves, epoxy resin structural adhesive is first applied to the outer surface of the end of the GLLT pole or the inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve. Then, the end of the GLLT pole is inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve, ensuring the epoxy resin structural adhesive evenly fills the gap between the GLLT pole and the aluminum alloy sleeve, as well as the threads or grooves on the inner wall. After the epoxy resin structural adhesive cures, the GLLT pole and the aluminum alloy sleeve form a strong, integrated structure. The embedded structure formed by the epoxy resin structural adhesive and the threads or grooves on the inner wall of the sleeve provides a high load-bearing capacity for the bonded connection.

[0041] Specifically, the ends of the glued laminated timber poles can be machined to the designed dimensions and then fitted into aluminum alloy sleeves. Before fitting, high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive is applied to the outer surface of the timber pole end and the inner wall of the sleeve. After insertion, pressure is applied for curing to form a strong connection.

[0042] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the aluminum alloy node 3 is provided with a connection interface that matches the outer contour of the aluminum alloy sleeve 2, and the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve 2 is inserted into the connection interface and rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy node by bolts 31.

[0043] The aluminum alloy node has a connection interface whose shape matches the outer contour of the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve. The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is inserted into the connection interface and fixedly connected to the aluminum alloy node by bolts to form a rigid node.

[0044] In this embodiment, the connection interface on the aluminum alloy node matches the outer contour of the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve. This means that the inner wall shape of the connection interface adapts to the outer wall shape of the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve, allowing the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve to be inserted into the connection interface while maintaining a small gap between them after insertion. This matching relationship enables a tight contact between the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node, which is beneficial for load transfer.

[0045] After the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is inserted into the connection interface, the two are fastened together with bolts. Specifically, bolt holes are provided at corresponding positions on the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node. Bolts pass through these bolt holes to fix the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node. The bolted connection provides reliable tensile, shear, and bending resistance, forming a rigid connection between the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node capable of transmitting bending moments. The bolted connection also has a certain degree of detachability, facilitating the installation, adjustment, and subsequent maintenance of the reticulated shell structure.

[0046] When assembling the aluminum alloy sleeve with the aluminum alloy node, first insert the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve, which has been fixed with the glued laminated timber rod, into the connection interface of the aluminum alloy node. Adjust the position so that the bolt holes on both are aligned. Then insert the bolts into the bolt holes and tighten the nuts to securely connect the aluminum alloy sleeve and the aluminum alloy node.

[0047] In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy sleeve is pre-fixed to the end of the glued laminated timber pole, serving as a transitional connector between the timber pole and the node. The aluminum alloy node has a connection interface that matches the outer contour of the aluminum alloy sleeve. The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is inserted into this interface and connected by bolts to form a rigid node. This connection method avoids directly drilling bolt holes or installing complex connectors on the timber pole, simplifying the node construction. Simultaneously, the insert-type bolt connection between the aluminum alloy sleeve and the node has a large contact area and a reliable force transmission path, effectively transmitting axial force, shear force, and bending moment, ensuring the rigidity of the node. Furthermore, the insert-type connection facilitates alignment during on-site assembly, and the bolt connection method also facilitates installation and disassembly, improving construction efficiency.

[0048] Specifically, the aluminum alloy node is a cast-formed connecting flange with bolt holes. The end of the aluminum alloy sleeve has a corresponding H-shaped connecting rod. During installation, the H-shaped connecting rod of the sleeve is fastened to the connecting flange of the aluminum alloy node using fasteners to achieve a rigid connection.

[0049] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in another embodiment, an aluminum alloy node is integrally cast with an aluminum alloy sleeve 2 and an aluminum alloy node 4. The insertion interface (i.e., the aluminum alloy sleeve) at the connection end of the aluminum alloy node matches the shape of the glued laminated timber member. During installation, high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive 21 is applied to the outer surface of the end of the glued laminated timber member 1 and the inner wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve. After insertion into place, pressure is applied for curing to form a rigid connection.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the glued laminated timber members are straight or bent rods with circular, rectangular, or polygonal cross-sections; the mesh shell structure is a spherical mesh shell, a cylindrical mesh shell, a hyperbolic paraboloid mesh shell, or a freeform mesh shell.

[0051] Glulam members can be made in different shapes and cross-sectional forms to suit architectural design and load-bearing requirements. Glulam members can be straight or curved to meet specific surface requirements. The cross-sections of Glulam members can be circular, rectangular, or polygonal.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the glued laminated timber (GLLT) members are in the form of bent bars, they are formed by pressing, bending, and gluing GLLT plywood according to the curved shape of the grid shell structure, creating an arc that conforms to the designed curved surface. When the GLLT members are in the form of straight bars, they can be used in planar grids or grid shell structures with small curvatures. The cross-sectional shape of the GLLT members is selected based on the stress requirements and the node connection method.

[0053] The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure of this invention can adopt various curved surface forms. As one embodiment, the mesh shell structure can be a spherical mesh shell, meaning the curved surface of the mesh shell is part of a sphere. As another embodiment, the mesh shell structure can be a cylindrical mesh shell, meaning the curved surface of the mesh shell is part of a cylinder, suitable for covering long, narrow spaces. As yet another embodiment, the mesh shell structure can be a hyperbolic paraboloid mesh shell. As yet another embodiment, the mesh shell structure can be a free-form mesh shell, meaning any curved surface shape designed according to architectural requirements.

[0054] When assembling glued laminated timber poles with aluminum alloy sleeves, regardless of whether the poles are straight or curved, and regardless of whether their cross-section is circular, rectangular, or polygonal, the inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with an inner cavity adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the pole, allowing the end of the pole to be inserted into the sleeve and fixed with adhesive. The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is then connected to an aluminum alloy joint to form an integral grid shell structure.

[0055] This invention uses aluminum alloy sleeves as transitional connectors between wooden poles and nodes. The inner cavity shape of the first end of the sleeve can be designed according to the cross-sectional shape of the glued laminated timber pole, while the connection interface between the second end of the sleeve and the aluminum alloy node can adopt a standardized design. This construction method allows for a high degree of freedom in selecting the shape and cross-sectional form of the glued laminated timber pole, enabling flexible selection of straight or bent poles, circular, rectangular, or polygonal cross-sections based on architectural style and load-bearing requirements, without being limited by the node construction. Furthermore, the grid shell structure of this invention can adopt various curved surface forms such as spherical, cylindrical, hyperbolic paraboloid, or freeform surfaces to adapt to different architectural functions and aesthetic requirements. The aluminum alloy node can be designed and positioned according to the curved surface shape, forming an integral grid shell through a rigid connection with the glued laminated timber pole with sleeve, ensuring the structural performance and construction feasibility under different curved surface forms.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the outer wall of the first end 6 of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with a corrugated structure 9, which is formed by alternating multiple annular grooves 7 and multiple annular protrusions 8 continuously distributed along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy sleeve.

[0057] In this embodiment, the corrugated structure 9 is disposed on the outer wall of the first end 6 of the aluminum alloy sleeve, that is, the outer area of ​​the sleeve corresponding to the connection end of the glued laminated wood rod. The corrugated structure is formed by machining or extrusion molding to create a series of axially arranged annular grooves and annular protrusions on the outer wall of the sleeve. The grooves and protrusions are alternately distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve to form a wavy outer wall surface.

[0058] The corrugated structure serves the following functions. When glued laminated timber poles are connected to aluminum alloy sleeves, stress concentration occurs at the ends of the timber poles as the load is transferred from the timber poles to the aluminum alloy sleeves. The corrugated structure, through the unevenness of its outer wall, causes the stiffness of the sleeve in this region to vary periodically along the axial direction. This stiffness variation helps to disperse the concentrated stress over a longer section, reducing the peak stress at the ends of the timber poles. Simultaneously, the grooves and protrusions of the corrugated structure can produce minute elastic deformations under stress. This deformation can absorb some energy, mitigating interfacial stress caused by the difference in properties between wood and aluminum alloy to some extent. Furthermore, when temperature changes cause different thermal expansion deformations in wood and aluminum alloy, the uneven parts of the corrugated structure can coordinate these deformation differences through minute elastic deformations, reducing interfacial damage caused by thermal stress.

[0059] When assembling glued laminated timber poles with aluminum alloy sleeves, the end of the glued laminated timber pole is inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and secured with adhesive. The corrugated structure, located on the outer wall of the sleeve, does not directly affect the adhesive connection between the sleeve and the timber pole, but indirectly protects the adhesive layer and improves the reliability of the connection by improving the stress state of the sleeve in this area.

[0060] This embodiment features a corrugated structure on the outer wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve. By altering the geometry of the sleeve's outer wall, the stress state in this area is improved, resulting in a more uniform stress distribution at the end of the wooden pole and reducing stress concentration, without requiring an increase in sleeve length or wall thickness. The alternating concave and convex design of the corrugated structure gives the sleeve a certain degree of deformability in this area, which can, to some extent, coordinate the deformation differences between the wood and aluminum alloy caused by temperature changes or loads, reducing the risk of interface damage. This construction method improves the stress performance of the joint through local geometric optimization while maintaining the basic dimensions of the sleeve.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the depth of each annular groove 7 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the local wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the location of the corresponding annular groove 7; the spacing between two adjacent annular grooves 7 is 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter of the glued laminated timber rod; the corrugated structure includes at least three annular grooves 7 and annular protrusions 8.

[0062] In this embodiment, the geometric parameters of the corrugated structure are designed according to the structural stress requirements. The depth of each annular groove is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the local wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the location of the groove. Maintaining this proportional relationship between the depth of the annular groove and the local wall thickness allows the groove to have appropriate geometric dimensions. If the groove depth is too small, its effect on adjusting the sleeve stiffness is limited; if the groove depth is too large, it may adversely affect the sleeve strength. Controlling the groove depth within the range of 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the local wall thickness achieves a balance between adjusting the sleeve stiffness and maintaining the sleeve strength.

[0063] The spacing between two adjacent annular grooves is 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter of the glued laminated timber member. The spacing of the annular grooves affects the effect of the corrugated structure on the stiffness adjustment of the sleeve. If the spacing is too large, the adjustment effect of the corrugated structure is discontinuous; if the spacing is too small, the corrugations may be too dense and affect the integrity of the outer wall of the sleeve. Controlling the spacing within the range of 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter of the glued laminated timber member ensures that the adjustment effect of the corrugated structure on the stiffness of the sleeve is evenly distributed along the axial direction.

[0064] The corrugated structure includes at least three annular grooves and three annular protrusions. By employing at least three complete corrugation cycles, the corrugated structure can provide a sufficient axial range for adjusting the stiffness of the sleeve, covering the stress concentration area at the end of the wooden pole and achieving an effective stress dispersion effect.

[0065] When assembling glued laminated timber (GLLT) members with aluminum alloy sleeves, the ends of the GLLT members are inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and secured with adhesive. A corrugated structure is located on the outer wall of the sleeve, and its geometric parameters are designed according to the aforementioned range. When a load is transferred from the GLLT member to the aluminum alloy sleeve, the stress in the timber end region is transferred through the sleeve. The corrugated structure causes the sleeve's stiffness in this region to exhibit periodic axial variation, dispersing concentrated stress across multiple corrugation cycles and reducing peak stress. The ratio of the depth of the annular grooves to the local wall thickness ensures appropriate stiffness adjustment capability for each corrugation cycle, and the ratio of the spacing of the annular grooves to the timber diameter ensures the continuity of stress dispersion. At least three corrugation cycles ensure sufficient stress dispersion.

[0066] This embodiment correlates the depth of the annular grooves with the local wall thickness of the sleeve, and the spacing of the annular grooves with the diameter of the glued laminated timber member, specifying at least three corrugation cycles to match the geometric parameters of the corrugated structure with the dimensional characteristics of the structure itself. The proportional relationship between the groove depth and the local wall thickness allows the corrugations to maintain the sleeve strength while adjusting stiffness, and the proportional relationship between the groove spacing and the timber diameter adapts the corrugation distribution to the range of stress concentration areas. At least three corrugation cycles ensure sufficient stress dispersion. This parametric design method makes the stress dispersion effect of the corrugated structure predictable, improving the reliability of the structural design.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the aluminum alloy sleeve further includes a middle section 11 disposed between the first end 6 and the second end 10. The wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve gradually increases or decreases from the middle section 11 to the second end 10, forming a stiffness-gradient transition section extending axially along the aluminum alloy sleeve. The first end 6 of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with a chamfered or rounded transition section 5.

[0068] In this embodiment, the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is a section with a constant wall thickness, meaning that the wall thickness remains unchanged from the end face to the middle section. This section with a constant wall thickness provides a uniform gripping area for the insertion of glued laminated timber members, which is beneficial for the formation of a uniform stress state in the adhesive layer. At the same time, the first end with a constant wall thickness also provides conditions for setting other structural features in this area, such as setting a corrugated structure on the outer wall of the first end, without being affected by changes in wall thickness.

[0069] The wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve changes gradually from the middle section towards the second end. The method of wall thickness change is selected according to the stress requirements. In one implementation, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve gradually increases from the middle section to the second end. In this case, the wall thickness in the middle section is smaller, and the wall thickness at the second end is larger. When the load is transferred from the glued laminated timber member to the aluminum alloy sleeve, the stress is transferred through the first end section with uniform wall thickness to the middle section, and then through the sections with gradually changing wall thickness to the second end. The gradual increase in wall thickness from the middle section to the second end causes the sleeve's stiffness to gradually increase axially, which is compatible with the stress transmission law in the sleeve and facilitates a smooth transition of stress from the timber member to the sleeve. In another implementation, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve gradually decreases from the middle section to the second end. In this case, the wall thickness in the middle section is larger, and the wall thickness at the second end is smaller. This method of wall thickness change is suitable for specific load conditions and joint construction requirements.

[0070] The gradual change in wall thickness can be achieved linearly or nonlinearly. With linear changes, the wall thickness varies along the axial direction at a fixed slope, simplifying manufacturing. With nonlinear changes, the rate of change in wall thickness varies along the axial direction, allowing for a more precise match to stress distribution patterns. Regardless of the method used, the gradual change in wall thickness ensures a continuous variation in the sleeve's stiffness along the axial direction, avoiding stress concentration caused by abrupt changes in stiffness.

[0071] The first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve has a chamfered or rounded transition section. A chamfer is a bevel formed by cutting the inner or outer edge of the first end of the sleeve, while a rounded transition section is a rounded corner formed at the inner or outer edge of the first end of the sleeve. The chamfered or rounded transition section eliminates sharp edges at the first end of the sleeve, reducing geometric abrupt changes. When glued laminated timber rods are inserted into the first end of the sleeve, the chamfered or rounded transition section guides the rod into place smoothly, preventing the rod end from scraping against the sleeve edge. Under stress, the chamfered or rounded transition section makes the stress distribution at the first end of the sleeve smoother, reducing stress concentration caused by geometric abrupt changes.

[0072] When assembling glued laminated timber (GLLT) poles with aluminum alloy sleeves, the end of the GLLT pole is inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and secured with adhesive. The insertion process is smoother due to the chamfered or rounded transition section at the first end of the sleeve. The uniform wall thickness at the first end provides a uniform gripping area for the pole, resulting in more even stress distribution on the adhesive layer. The sleeve, with its wall thickness gradually changing from the middle section to the second end, exhibits a continuous axial stiffness variation under load, ensuring a smooth stress transition from the timber pole to the sleeve and reducing stress concentration at the pole end. Simultaneously, the chamfered or rounded transition section at the first end of the sleeve further improves stress distribution in that area.

[0073] This embodiment employs a sleeve with a uniform wall thickness at the first end, gradually changing in thickness from the middle section to the second end. This ensures continuous axial stiffness variation in the sleeve, aligning with stress transmission principles and reducing stress concentration at the ends of the wooden poles. The uniform wall thickness at the first end provides a uniform bonding area for adhesive connections and also allows space for additional structural features. A chamfered or rounded transition section at the first end of the sleeve eliminates abrupt geometric changes at the edge, further improving stress distribution in that area and facilitating smoother insertion of the wooden poles. This construction method improves the load-bearing performance of the joint by altering the sleeve's geometry without adding extra material.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve increases or decreases linearly from the middle section 11 to the second end 10, and the wall thickness change rate k satisfies 0.01 ≤ k ≤ 0.1, where k = |t2 - t1| / L, t1 is the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the starting position of the middle section 11, t2 is the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the end face of the second end 10, and L is the axial length of the middle section and the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve.

[0075] In this embodiment, the wall thickness variation begins at the starting position of the middle section and changes linearly towards the second end. The starting position of the middle section is the starting point for the wall thickness variation; the first end before this position is a section with a constant wall thickness, keeping the wall thickness t1 constant. Controlling the wall thickness variation rate k within the range of 0.01 to 0.1 has the following effects: The wall thickness variation rate reflects the degree of axial variation in the sleeve wall thickness. When the wall thickness variation rate k is less than 0.01, the axial variation in wall thickness is too gradual, and the change in sleeve stiffness along the axial direction is not significant, limiting its effect on improving stress distribution and making it difficult to effectively reduce stress concentration at the end of the wooden pole. When the wall thickness variation rate k is greater than 0.1, the axial variation in wall thickness is too drastic, and the sleeve stiffness changes significantly within a short axial distance, potentially causing new stress concentration and adversely affecting the load-bearing performance. Controlling the wall thickness variation rate k within the range of 0.01 to 0.1 allows for a moderate axial variation in sleeve stiffness, effectively improving stress distribution without creating new problems due to excessively drastic changes.

[0076] In one implementation, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve increases linearly from the middle section to the second end. At this point, the wall thickness t1 at the beginning of the middle section is smaller, while the wall thickness t2 at the second end face is larger, and the wall thickness change rate k is positive. When the load is transferred from the glued laminated timber member to the aluminum alloy sleeve, the stress is transferred through the first end section with uniform wall thickness to the middle section, and then through sections with gradually increasing wall thickness to the second end. The gradual increase in wall thickness from the middle section to the second end causes the sleeve's stiffness to gradually increase axially, which is consistent with the stress transmission pattern in the sleeve and facilitates a smooth transition of stress from the timber member to the sleeve.

[0077] In another implementation, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve decreases linearly from the middle section to the second end. In this case, the wall thickness t1 is larger at the beginning of the middle section, and the wall thickness t2 is smaller at the second end face, with a positive wall thickness change rate k. This wall thickness variation method is suitable for specific load conditions and node construction requirements.

[0078] When assembling glued laminated timber poles with aluminum alloy sleeves, the ends of the glued laminated timber poles are inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve and secured with adhesive. The uniform wall thickness section at the first end provides a uniform gripping area for the pole. The sleeve, with its wall thickness linearly varying from the middle section to the second end, exhibits a continuous axial stiffness variation under load, ensuring a smooth stress transition from the timber pole to the sleeve. The wall thickness variation rate is controlled within the range of 0.01 to 0.1, ensuring the appropriateness of this stiffness variation. This effectively reduces stress concentration at the ends of the timber pole without creating new stress concentrations due to excessively drastic changes.

[0079] This embodiment limits the wall thickness variation rate k to the range of 0.01 to 0.1, providing a quantitative parameter basis for the design of variable wall thickness sleeves. When the wall thickness variation rate is less than 0.01, the wall thickness change is too gradual, limiting its effect on improving stress distribution; when the wall thickness variation rate is greater than 0.1, the wall thickness change is too drastic, potentially causing new stress concentrations. Controlling the wall thickness variation rate within the range of 0.01 to 0.1 allows for a moderate variation in sleeve stiffness along the axial direction, effectively improving stress distribution while avoiding new problems. Simultaneously, the wall thickness change begins in the middle section, with the first end maintaining a constant wall thickness, providing space for other structural features and making the stress distribution more rational. This parametric design method makes the stress improvement effect of variable wall thickness sleeves predictable, improving the reliability of the structural design.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, in the single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, the outer wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve is covered with a heat insulation layer 12, which is made of ceramic fiber, rock wool or fireproof coating; the interior of the middle section 11 is filled with heat insulation material 13, which is ceramic fiber or rock wool.

[0081] In this embodiment, the insulation layer covers the outer surface of the aluminum alloy sleeve, and the middle section is filled with insulation material, forming a double insulation structure. The materials of the insulation layer and the internal insulation material are selected based on factors such as fire protection requirements and cost. Ceramic fiber has a low thermal conductivity and good high-temperature resistance, and can maintain a stable insulation effect in high-temperature environments. Rock wool is a commonly used inorganic insulation material with good insulation and fire resistance properties, and its cost is relatively low. Fire-retardant coatings provide insulation at room temperature and can expand to form a charred layer in the event of a fire, further enhancing the insulation protection effect.

[0082] This double-insulation structure serves the following functions: Aluminum alloy has a high thermal conductivity, allowing heat to be rapidly conducted through the aluminum alloy sleeve to the ends of the glued plywood poles during a fire, causing a rapid temperature rise and potentially leading to charring or failure of the adhesive layer. The insulation layer covering the outer wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve blocks external heat conduction to the sleeve during a fire, slowing the temperature rise of the sleeve's outer wall. The insulation material filling the middle section further blocks heat conduction along the sleeve wall towards the first end, and also blocks heat radiation and convection through the sleeve's internal cavity to the ends of the poles. This double-insulation structure creates multiple layers of insulation, with external heat first contacting the outer insulation layer, where some heat is absorbed and blocked. Heat passing through the outer insulation layer enters the aluminum alloy sleeve wall, where it encounters the internal insulation material and is further absorbed and blocked. After multiple layers of insulation, the heat reaching the ends of the glued laminated timber poles is significantly reduced, thus more effectively protecting the ends of the poles from carbonization due to high temperatures and protecting the adhesive layer from failure due to high temperatures.

[0083] When assembling glued laminated timber (GLLT) poles with aluminum alloy sleeves, the ends of the GLLT poles are first inserted into the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the factory and secured with adhesive. Then, insulation material is filled into the middle section, and finally, an insulation layer is applied to the outer wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve. The method of applying the insulation layer depends on the material type. For flexible or rigid insulation materials such as ceramic fiber and rock wool, they can be fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve by wrapping, winding, or sleeve. For fire-retardant coatings, they can be applied to the outer wall of the sleeve by spraying or brushing to form a coating of a certain thickness. The insulation material inside the middle section can be filled, inserted, or injected to ensure close contact between the insulation material and the inner wall of the sleeve, minimizing gaps.

[0084] This embodiment combines an outer insulation layer with an inner insulation material filling the middle section of the aluminum alloy sleeve, creating a double insulation structure. The outer insulation layer blocks external heat transfer to the sleeve, while the inner insulation material blocks heat transfer along the sleeve wall and internal cavity to the end of the wooden pole. The combined effect significantly improves insulation performance. The inner insulation material filling also utilizes the space within the middle section of the sleeve without adding extra volume. This double insulation structure allows for the selection of different materials and thicknesses based on fire resistance requirements, adapting to various fire protection design needs and improving the fire resistance limit of the joint under fire conditions.

[0085] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Other modifications can be readily made by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure, characterized in that, include: Glulam poles; Aluminum alloy joints; as well as Aluminum alloy sleeve; The aluminum alloy sleeve is sleeved and fixed to the end of the glued laminated timber member. The inner wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with threads or grooves. The first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is fixedly connected to the glued laminated timber member by bonding. The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy node by welding, bolting, or pin connection, or the aluminum alloy node and the aluminum alloy sleeve are integrally formed.

2. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is fixedly connected to the glued laminated timber member by epoxy resin structural adhesive.

3. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy node is provided with a connection interface that matches the outer contour of the aluminum alloy sleeve. The second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is inserted into the connection interface and rigidly connected to the aluminum alloy node by bolts.

4. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glued laminated timber members are straight or curved, and their cross-sections are circular, rectangular, or polygonal; the reticulated shell structure is a spherical reticulated shell, a cylindrical reticulated shell, a hyperbolic paraboloid reticulated shell, or a free-form reticulated shell.

5. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with a corrugated structure, which is formed by alternating multiple annular grooves and multiple annular protrusions continuously distributed along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy sleeve.

6. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The depth of each annular groove is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the local wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the location of the corresponding annular groove; the spacing between two adjacent annular grooves is 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter of the glued laminated timber rod; the corrugated structure includes at least three annular grooves and annular protrusions.

7. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy sleeve also includes a middle section disposed between the first end and the second end. The wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve gradually increases or decreases from the middle section to the second end, forming a stiffness-gradient transition section extending along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy sleeve. The first end of the aluminum alloy sleeve is provided with a chamfered or rounded transition section.

8. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve increases or decreases linearly from the middle section to the second end, and the wall thickness change rate k satisfies 0.01 ≤ k ≤ 0.1, where k = |t2 - t1| / L, t1 is the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the starting position of the middle section, t2 is the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy sleeve at the end face of the second end, and L is the axial length of the middle section and the second end of the aluminum alloy sleeve.

9. The single-layer aluminum-wood composite mesh shell structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer wall of the aluminum alloy sleeve is covered with a heat insulation layer, which is made of ceramic fiber, rock wool or fireproof coating; the interior of the middle section is filled with heat insulation material, which is ceramic fiber or rock wool.

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