Road surface runoff test system and method capable of adjusting transverse and longitudinal gradients

Abstract

The pavement runoff test system comprises a pavement test piece and further comprises a supporting plate and vertical baffles, the multiple vertical baffles are vertically fixed to the upper surface of the supporting plate and are sequentially connected in an end-to-end mode to jointly define a containing area with an opening in the top, and the pavement test piece is laid and limited in the containing area; the supporting plate is supported on the slope adjusting unit and is driven by the slope adjusting unit to adjust the longitudinal slope and the transverse slope of the supporting plate, a detection unit for detecting runoff parameters of the road surface is arranged around the supporting plate, and the rainfall unit is used for artificial rainfall. The invention also discloses a pavement runoff test method capable of adjusting transverse and longitudinal gradients, pavement runoff parameters of pavements with different longitudinal and transverse gradients can be detected, and a test means is provided for road surface water film thickness prediction and runoff law research of a road.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road engineering, specifically to a road surface runoff testing system with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes, and also to a road surface runoff testing method with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid socio-economic development, urban road traffic loads are increasing daily. To improve the capacity of existing routes, various regions are successively carrying out highway reconstruction and expansion projects. After these reconstructions, there will be an increasing number of ultra-wide highways, primarily with eight or ten lanes. The expanded and reconstructed highways have increased surface catchment areas and water flow paths, leading to longer surface water drainage times and increased drainage pressure. Simultaneously, influenced by climate change, extreme rainfall events are becoming more frequent, exacerbating the drainage pressure on ultra-wide highways. To improve the drainage capacity of wide road surfaces, understanding the distribution patterns of surface runoff is crucial to reducing hydroplaning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct road runoff tests under simulated rainfall conditions to provide theoretical support for wide road surface drainage improvement technologies.

[0003] Currently, most road test specimens used in road runoff tests are unidirectional slope adjustments, which cannot reflect the combined effects of longitudinal and transverse slopes on road runoff and make it difficult to accurately characterize the road runoff behavior of ultra-wide highways. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-angle adjustable pavement scaling test system and a multi-angle adjustable pavement scaling test method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical means: An adjustable road runoff testing system includes a road test specimen, a support plate, and vertical baffles. Multiple vertical baffles are erected and fixed on the upper surface of the support plate and connected end to end to form a receiving area with an open top. The road test specimen is laid and confined within the receiving area. The support plate is supported on a slope adjustment unit and driven by the slope adjustment unit to adjust its longitudinal and transverse slopes. A detection unit for detecting road runoff parameters is arranged around the support plate.

[0006] The slope adjustment unit includes a central stabilizing support mechanism and two pairs of symmetrically distributed slope adjustment actuators; the central stabilizing support mechanism includes a vertically arranged stabilizing support column, the top of which is connected to the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate through a fixed ball joint support.

[0007] The slope adjustment mechanism includes a slope adjustment telescopic rod, a sliding ball joint support, and a slope adjustment channel set on the bottom surface of the support plate. A slider is embedded in the slope adjustment channel. The lower surface of the slider is fixedly connected to the top surface of the upper support plate of the sliding ball joint support, and the bottom surface of the lower support plate of the sliding ball joint support is fixedly connected to the top end of the slope adjustment telescopic rod.

[0008] The slope adjustment telescopic rods include a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods and a pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods. The pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the support plate with the stable support column as the center, and the pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods are symmetrically distributed along the transverse axis of the support plate with the stable support column as the center. The slope adjustment channels include a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment channels and a pair of transverse slope adjustment channels. The pair of longitudinal slope adjustment channels are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the support plate with the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate as the center, and the pair of transverse slope adjustment channels are symmetrically distributed along the transverse axis of the support plate with the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate as the center.

[0009] It also includes a water storage tank, which is connected to the inlet of the rain plate through a water supply pipe. The rain plate is supported on the rain frame and located above the road test piece. The bottom of the rain plate is provided with rain holes evenly distributed in a plum blossom pattern.

[0010] The inlet or outlet of the rain hole is covered with a filter screen.

[0011] The water pipes, rain plates, and rain racks are all made of stainless steel.

[0012] A water pump and an electromagnetic flow meter are connected in series on the water supply pipe.

[0013] The bottom of the support plate is provided with a seepage port, and a water collection tank is provided below the seepage port. The water collection tank is connected to the water storage tank through pipes and a water pump.

[0014] A method for testing pavement runoff with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes, utilizing the aforementioned pavement runoff testing system with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes, includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the road test specimen and lay it on the upper surface of the support plate within the receiving area; adjust the slope adjustment unit to drive the road test specimen to the target longitudinal slope and target transverse slope; adjust the position of the rain plate so that the rain area of ​​the rain plate covers the road test specimen; deploy the detection unit so that its monitoring range covers the upper surface of the road test specimen. Step 2: According to the test requirements, set the rainfall intensity of the system and start the water pump to simulate rainfall for a set duration on the road test specimen under the set slope. Step 3: During the preset time period after rainfall and rain cessation, the runoff parameters on the upper surface of the road test specimen are continuously collected by the detection unit; Step 4: Change the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the support plate, or change both the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the support plate to form a new test condition. For each test condition, repeat steps 2 to 3 until all predetermined test conditions are completed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By adjusting the power of the water pump to change the rainfall intensity of the rainfall unit, the road runoff parameters under different rainfall intensities can be detected. Combined with the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter, the rainfall intensity of the test can be quantitatively controlled, thus improving the accuracy of the test. 2. According to the test requirements, the longitudinal slope and cross slope of the road test specimen can be adjusted by changing the height of the longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rod and the cross slope adjustment telescopic rod, respectively. This allows for the detection of road runoff parameters for roads with different longitudinal and cross slopes, thus improving the practicality of the test. 3. During outdoor testing, there is no need to set up a rainfall unit. Outdoor rainfall falls directly on the road test specimen, and the detection unit directly detects the road runoff parameters, which improves the flexibility of the test. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of slope adjustment units; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of rain inlets on the bottom surface of the rain plate; In the diagram, 1-Water storage tank, 2-Raining unit, 21-Raining plate, 211-Raining hole, 212-Filter screen, 22-Raining frame, 3-Test unit, 31-Road test specimen, 32-Support plate, 33-Vertical baffle, 34-Infiltration port, 35-Collection tank, 4-Slope adjustment unit, 41-Stabilizing support column, 42-Slope adjustment telescopic rod, 43-Slope adjustment channel, 421-Longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rod, 422-Cross slope adjustment telescopic rod, 431-Longitudinal slope adjustment channel, 432-Cross slope adjustment channel, 5-Detection unit, 51-Road condition sensor, 52-Modible bracket, 6-Water supply pipe, 7-Water pump, 8-Electromagnetic flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: like Figure 1As shown, an adjustable longitudinal and transverse slope road runoff test system includes a water storage tank 1, which is connected to a rainfall unit 2 via a water supply pipe 6. A test unit 3 is set below the rainfall unit 2. Simulated rainwater output from the rainfall unit 2 falls onto the test unit 3 to form road runoff. A slope adjustment unit 4 is set at the bottom of the test unit 3. The slope adjustment unit 4 is used to support the test unit 3 and adjust the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the test unit 3. By changing the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the test unit 3, road runoff tests under different working conditions can be achieved. Detection units 5 are arranged around the test unit 3 to detect road runoff parameters such as road runoff thickness, flow velocity, water accumulation range, and slip coefficient.

[0019] In some embodiments, a water pump 7 and an electromagnetic flow meter 8 are connected in series on the water supply pipe 6. The water storage tank 1 is used to store simulated rainwater. The rainfall intensity of the rainfall unit 2 is changed by adjusting the output power of the water pump 7. The electromagnetic flow meter 8 is used to measure and provide feedback on the water flow rate of the water supply pipe 6 in real time. Combined with the known spray area of ​​the rainfall unit 2, the real-time rainfall intensity can be calculated, thereby realizing the detection and calibration of the experimental rainfall intensity. The specific structures of the water pump 7 and the electromagnetic flow meter 8 are existing technologies; finished products meeting the experimental requirements can be selected, and will not be described in detail here.

[0020] The rainfall unit 2 includes a rainfall plate 21 and a rainfall frame 22 for supporting the rainfall plate 21. The rainfall plate 21 includes a water inlet and rainfall holes 211 arranged at the bottom of the rainfall plate 21. The water inlet of the rainfall plate 21 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through a water supply pipe 6.

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, furthermore, the rain holes 211 are evenly distributed in a plum blossom pattern at the bottom of the rain plate 21, and the distribution area of ​​the rain holes 211 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the test unit 3, so as to ensure that the simulated rainwater can fall evenly onto the test unit 3.

[0022] In some embodiments, the inlet or outlet end of the rainfall hole 211 is covered with a filter screen 212. The filter screen 212 can prevent the rainfall hole 211 from becoming clogged. At the same time, the filter screen 212 also has a certain effect on the uniform flow of water, which helps to make the distribution of simulated rainfall more uniform and stable.

[0023] In some embodiments, the water pipe 6, the rain plate 21, and the rain rack 22 are all made of stainless steel, which has good corrosion resistance and can improve service life.

[0024] The test unit 3 includes a road test specimen 31, a support plate 32, and vertical baffles 33. Multiple vertical baffles 33 are erected and fixed on the upper surface of the support plate 32 and connected in sequence to form a top-opening accommodating area. The road test specimen 31 is laid out and confined within the accommodating area.

[0025] The test specimen 31 is prepared according to the test requirements. The material of the test specimen 31 is asphalt pavement or cement pavement. The width is determined according to the number of lanes of the simulated wide road surface. The width of each lane is 3.75m. The length of the test specimen 31 is not less than its width.

[0026] Furthermore, the height of the vertical baffle 33 is flush with the upper surface of the pavement test specimen 31 to prevent the vertical baffle 33 from obstructing road runoff and causing water accumulation, which would affect the accuracy of the test results. Furthermore, the bottom of the support plate 32 is provided with an infiltration port 34, and a collection pool 35 is provided below the infiltration port 34. The collection pool 35 is connected to the storage tank 1 through pipes and a water pump. Simulated rainwater infiltrates into the road test specimen 31 and then flows through the infiltration port 34 to the collection pool 35. During the experiment, the slope of the test unit 3 is adjusted so that the runoff drainage area is located above the collection pool 35. Both runoff drainage and road seepage flow into the collection pool 35. The collection pool 35 and the storage tank 1 are connected by pipes to form a water circulation loop, so that the simulated rainwater collected in the collection pool 35 can be recycled, reducing the water consumption of the experiment.

[0027] The slope adjustment unit 4 includes a central stabilizing support mechanism and two pairs of symmetrically distributed slope adjustment actuators, which are used to achieve stable support and tilt adjustment of the support plate 32.

[0028] The central stabilizing support mechanism includes a vertically arranged stabilizing support column 41. The top of the stabilizing support column 41 is connected to the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate 32 through a fixed ball joint support. The fixed ball joint support allows the support plate 32 to tilt in any direction, but restricts the horizontal movement of the support plate 32, providing a stable rotation center for the support plate 32.

[0029] The slope adjustment mechanism includes a slope adjustment telescopic rod 42, a sliding ball joint support, and a slope adjustment channel 43 set on the bottom surface of the support plate 32. A slider is embedded in the slope adjustment channel 43. The lower surface of the slider is fixedly connected to the top surface of the upper support plate of the sliding ball joint support, and the bottom surface of the lower support plate of the sliding ball joint support is fixedly connected to the top of the slope adjustment telescopic rod 42, so that the telescopic movement of the slope adjustment telescopic rod 42 is converted into linear sliding of the slider in the slope adjustment channel 43 through the sliding ball joint support.

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the slope adjustment telescopic rod 42 includes a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods 421 and a pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods 422. The pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods 421 are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the support plate 32 with the stable support column 41 as the center. The pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods 422 are symmetrically distributed along the transverse axis of the support plate 32 with the stable support column 41 as the center. The slope adjustment channel 43 includes a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment channels 431 and a pair of transverse slope adjustment channels 432. The pair of longitudinal slope adjustment channels 431 are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the support plate 32 with the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate 32 as the center. The pair of transverse slope adjustment channels 432 are symmetrically distributed along the transverse axis of the support plate 32 with the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate 32 as the center.

[0031] When the longitudinal slope of the support plate 32 needs to be adjusted, a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods 421 are simultaneously controlled to extend and retract in opposite directions (one extends and one retracts), driving the corresponding sliders to slide towards or away from each other in the longitudinal slope adjustment channel 431; when the transverse slope of the support plate 32 needs to be adjusted, a pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods 422 are simultaneously controlled to extend and retract in opposite directions (one extends and one retracts), driving the corresponding sliders to slide towards or away from each other in the transverse slope adjustment channel 432.

[0032] Furthermore, by adjusting the length of the longitudinal slope adjustment channel 431, the maximum longitudinal slope of test unit 3 is set to 6%, and by adjusting the length of the cross slope adjustment channel 432, the maximum cross slope of test unit 3 is set to 5%, ensuring that the maximum slope (maximum longitudinal slope and maximum cross slope) meets the test requirements. It should be noted that the slope measurement can be achieved using a portable slope measuring instrument (with built-in sensor). (Note: The portable slope measuring instrument is a commercially available product and will not be described in detail.) The detection unit 5 includes a road surface condition sensor 51 and a movable bracket 52 for mounting the road surface condition sensor 51. The road surface condition sensor 51 is used to detect road runoff parameters such as runoff thickness, flow velocity, water accumulation range, and wet skid coefficient on the upper surface of the road test specimen 31. The movable bracket 52 is flexibly arranged around the test unit 3 according to the test conditions to ensure that the road surface condition sensor 51 can completely detect the runoff parameters of the road test specimen 31. Multiple road surface condition sensors 51 and movable brackets 52 can be arranged according to the test conditions to comprehensively and accurately detect the runoff parameters of the road test specimen 31. The specific structure of the road surface condition sensor 51 is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0033] Example 2: A method for testing pavement runoff with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes, utilizing the pavement runoff testing system with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes described in Example 1, includes the following steps: Step 1: System Deployment and Debugging Set up a water storage tank 1, a rainfall unit 2, a water supply pipe 6, a water pump 7, and an electromagnetic flow meter 8; add sufficient experimental water (simulated rainwater) to the water storage tank 1, and ensure that the water level is always higher than the outlet throughout the entire test. Add water in time if necessary to maintain stable water supply pressure; turn on the water pump 7, observe the reading of the electromagnetic flow meter 8, adjust the power of the water pump 7, and adjust the pipeline flow to the preset value to complete the calibration of the rainfall intensity of the rainfall unit. After calibration, turn off the water pump 7.

[0034] Step 2: Experimental unit installation and slope presetting According to the test specifications, a road test specimen 31 that meets the size and material requirements is prepared. The road test specimen 31 is laid in the receiving area on the upper surface of the support plate 32. The height of the vertical baffle 33 is adjusted so that it is flush with the upper surface of the road test specimen 31, forming a regular runoff boundary. The longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rod 421 is adjusted to drive the support plate 32 so that the road test specimen 31 tilts longitudinally towards the seepage outlet 34. The longitudinal slope of the road test specimen 31 is measured and recorded. Subsequently, the transverse slope adjustment telescopic rod 422 is adjusted to drive the support plate 32 so that the road test specimen 31 tilts laterally towards the seepage outlet 34. The transverse slope of the road test specimen 31 is measured and recorded.

[0035] Step 3: Auxiliary unit in place Place the water storage tank 35 directly below the infiltration port 34, adjust the height and horizontal position of the rainfall unit so that the rainfall range of the rainfall plate 21 covers the road test piece 31, install the road condition sensor 51 on the movable bracket 52, adjust the position and height of the movable bracket 52, adjust the lens angle of the road condition sensor 51 so that the road condition sensor 51 can completely cover the paved surface of the road test piece 31.

[0036] Step 4: Experiment Execution and Data Acquisition Start the water pump 7, and the rainfall unit 2 begins to simulate rainfall at the calibrated rainfall intensity. The road runoff experiment begins. During the rainfall and for a period of time after the rain stops, the detection unit 5 continues to work to measure and record the road runoff parameters of the road test specimen 31 under the cross and longitudinal slope conditions, such as road runoff thickness, flow velocity, water accumulation range, and wet skid coefficient. Step 5: Operating Condition Iteration and Data Acquisition To obtain runoff patterns under different road alignments, multi-condition tests can be conducted. After completing a set of tests under different slopes, the slope setting operation in step 2 is repeated to change the longitudinal or transverse slope of the support plate 32, or to change both the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the support plate 32, thus forming a new test condition. For each new condition, step 4 is repeated. By iterating in this way, multiple sets of road runoff parameter datasets under different combinations of transverse and longitudinal slopes can be systematically obtained.

[0037] Step 6: End of Experiment and Resource Recovery After all the predetermined working condition tests are completed, the water pump 7 is turned off to stop the rainfall; after the residual water in the road test specimen 31 is completely discharged into the water collection tank 35 through the seepage port 34, the recycled water pump connected between the water collection tank 35 and the water storage tank 1 is started to pump the collected test water back into the water storage tank 1, so as to realize the recycling of water resources for the next test.

[0038] It should be noted that the embodiments described in this invention are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pavement runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes, comprising pavement test specimens (31), characterized in that, It also includes a support plate (32) and vertical baffles (33). Multiple vertical baffles (33) are erected and fixed on the upper surface of the support plate (32) and connected in sequence to form a top-opening accommodating area. The road test piece (31) is laid and confined within the accommodating area. The support plate (32) is supported on the slope adjustment unit (4) and driven by the slope adjustment unit (4) to adjust its longitudinal slope and transverse slope. A detection unit (5) for detecting road runoff parameters is set around the support plate (32).

2. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope adjustment unit (4) includes a central stabilizing support mechanism and two pairs of symmetrically distributed slope adjustment actuators; the central stabilizing support mechanism includes a vertically arranged stabilizing support column (41), the top of which is connected to the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate (32) through a fixed ball joint support.

3. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slope adjustment mechanism includes a slope adjustment telescopic rod (42), a sliding ball joint support, and a slope adjustment channel (43) set on the bottom surface of the support plate (32). A slider is embedded in the slope adjustment channel (43). The lower surface of the slider is fixedly connected to the top surface of the upper support plate of the sliding ball joint support, and the bottom surface of the lower support plate of the sliding ball joint support is fixedly connected to the top of the slope adjustment telescopic rod (42).

4. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The slope adjustment telescopic rod (42) includes a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods (421) and a pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods (422). The pair of longitudinal slope adjustment telescopic rods (421) are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the support plate (32) with the stable support column (41) as the center. The pair of transverse slope adjustment telescopic rods (422) are symmetrically distributed along the transverse axis of the support plate (32) with the stable support column (41) as the center. The slope adjustment channel (43) includes a pair of longitudinal slope adjustment channels (431) and a pair of transverse slope adjustment channels (432). The pair of longitudinal slope adjustment channels (431) are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the support plate (32) with the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate (32) as the center. The pair of transverse slope adjustment channels (432) are symmetrically distributed along the transverse axis of the support plate (32) with the center point of the bottom surface of the support plate (32) as the center.

5. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a water storage tank (1), which is connected to the inlet of the rain plate (21) through a water supply pipe (6). The rain plate (21) is supported on the rain frame (22) and located above the road test piece (31). The bottom of the rain plate (21) is provided with rain holes (211) evenly distributed in a plum blossom pattern.

6. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inlet or outlet end of the rain hole (211) is covered with a filter screen (212).

7. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water pipe (6), rain plate (21) and rain rack (22) are all made of stainless steel.

8. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, A water pump (7) and an electromagnetic flow meter (8) are connected in series on the water supply pipe (6).

9. The road runoff testing system with adjustable transverse and longitudinal slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the support plate (32) is provided with a seepage port (34), and a water collection pool (35) is provided below the seepage port (34). The water collection pool (35) is connected to the water storage pool (1) through a pipe and a water pump.

10. A method for testing road runoff with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes, utilizing the road runoff testing system with adjustable cross and longitudinal slopes as described in claim 9, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a road test specimen (31) and lay the road test specimen (31) in the receiving area on the upper surface of the support plate (32); adjust the slope adjustment unit (4) to drive the road test specimen (31) to the target longitudinal slope and target transverse slope; adjust the position of the rain plate (21) so that the rainfall range of the rain plate (21) covers the road test specimen (31); set up the detection unit (5) so that its monitoring range covers the upper surface of the road test specimen (31); Step 2: According to the test requirements, set the rainfall intensity of the system and start the water pump (7) to simulate rainfall for a set duration on the road test specimen (31) under the set slope condition; Step 3: During the preset time period after rainfall and rain cessation, the runoff parameters on the upper surface of the road test specimen (31) are continuously collected by the detection unit (5); Step 4: Change the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the support plate (32) or change the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the support plate (32) to form a new test condition. For each test condition, repeat steps 2 to 3 until all predetermined test conditions are completed.

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