High-voltage pulse generation array circuit for laser dynamic regulation and control

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of high-voltage pulse power supplies, in particular to a high-voltage pulse generation array circuit capable of being dynamically regulated and controlled. The Marx boost circuit is characterized in that the Marx boost circuit comprises a control signal generation circuit and a Marx boost array circuit, a DC power supply, a multipath inductance boost circuit, a Marx boost circuit and a branch control switch tube, the Marx boost circuit comprises multiple stages of cascaded Marx boost sub-modules, after an inductor boosts a charging voltage, the Marx boost sub-modules are connected with the Marx boost array circuit, and the Marx boost array circuit is connected with the DC power supply. The cascaded boosting sub-modules are used for transmitting electric energy to a load end to realize high-voltage pulse; and the control signal generation circuit controls whether the Marx boost submodule stores electric energy or not and whether the branch circuit transmits the electric energy to the load or not by outputting a control signal. Through digital combined control, the total energy storage capacity participating in discharging can be accurately controlled in a digital mode, and therefore dynamic programmable large-range adjustment of the magnitude of output pulse voltage or current is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage pulse power supply technology, and more specifically to a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array. Background Technology

[0002] A classic Marx generator circuit consists of a multi-stage structure, each stage containing an energy storage element (usually a capacitor), a charging resistor, a discharging switch (such as a spark gap), and an isolation element. Its basic working principle is that multiple capacitors are slowly charged by a DC power supply in parallel, and then synchronously and rapidly switched to series discharge by a control switch, thereby obtaining a high-voltage pulse several times the charging voltage at the load. Traditional Marx circuits are simple in structure and can achieve extremely high voltage output, but their inherent defects are also significant. Once the hardware parameters of the Marx generator (such as capacitor value and number of stages) are determined, the key parameters such as the output pulse amplitude, width, and energy are basically fixed, and the pulse width and shape are difficult to control flexibly. To improve output capability, array schemes that connect multiple Marx circuits in parallel have emerged in existing technologies. However, most of these schemes only achieve simple power superposition; all parallel branches are usually controlled synchronously as a whole, making it impossible to achieve independent start and stop of each branch. This makes the system's output capability fixed, and it is impossible to achieve digital, discrete, step-by-step control of the output energy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array circuit. This circuit aims to solve the problems of limited output parameter control and poor flexibility in traditional high-voltage pulse generators, allowing for wider output pulse amplitude control compared to traditional Marx boost arrays, tailored to different application scenarios. This invention aims to provide a technical solution that enables programmable, dynamically step-by-step adjustment of the output pulse current or energy.

[0004] To address one or more technical problems in the background art, the present invention provides a specific embodiment of the technical solution as follows:

[0005] Firstly, a high-voltage pulse generation array, comprising N Marx boost circuits; secondly, a control signal generation circuit, which outputs trigger pulses for each Marx boost circuit.

[0006] Furthermore, the Marx boost circuit includes an inductor boost circuit and M cascaded Marx boost sub-units, with the last cascaded sub-unit connected to the load via a control branch switch.

[0007] Furthermore, the inductor boost circuit, specifically the nth inductor boost circuit, includes a boost inductor. ,diode and control switching transistor One end of the boost inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the other end is connected to the diode. The positive terminal of the diode. negative terminal and switching transistor Drain connection, switching transistor The source is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. .

[0008] Furthermore, each of the m-th stage Marx boost sub-units in the multi-stage cascaded Marx boost sub-units includes a charging and discharging capacitor. ,diode Switching transistor and switching transistor Each of the first-stage Marx boost sub-units is connected to an inductor boost circuit, and the switching transistor... Source and Diode With switching transistor Drain common connection point connection, switching transistor Drain and switching transistor Drain connection, switching transistor Source and inductor boost circuit switching transistor The source connection. Diode. Positive electrode and switching transistor The source is connected, and the negative terminal is connected to the charging / discharging capacitor. A connection, The other end is connected to the switching transistor. , The common terminal connection, , .

[0009] Furthermore, in adjacent Marx boost sub-units, the capacitance of the previous Marx boost sub-unit... With diode The common terminal of the negative electrode is connected to the switching transistor of the next stage Marx boost subunit. With diode The common terminal of the positive electrode is connected; the capacitor of the previous Marx boost subunit. The other end is connected to the switching transistor of the next-stage Marx boost subunit. The source connection, , .

[0010] Furthermore, the capacitor of the last stage of the multi-stage cascaded Marx boost sub-unit... With diode The common terminal of the capacitor is not connected. The other end is connected to the switching transistor. The source, the switch The drain is connected to the load. .

[0011] Furthermore, the control signal generation circuit generates the switching transistors for the N-channel inductor boost circuit. and switching transistor The control signals are used to control the charging of the inductor and whether the Marx boost circuit discharges to the load; at the same time, control signals for the Marx sub-unit boost module of the M-path branch are also generated to control the switching transistors. The switch controls whether to charge the capacitor. Charge.

[0012] A method for operating a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array, characterized by comprising a branch inductor charging stage, a branch capacitor charging stage, and a pulse output stage;

[0013] During the charging stage of the branch inductor, the following characteristics are observed: the control signal generation circuit generates a control signal, which turns on the switching transistors of each boost circuit in the high-voltage pulse generation array. At the same time, close all branch roads. , and At this time, the diode When the circuit is turned on, the power supply is connected to the inductor L. n Charging is achieved through a switching transistor. Connect to the ground.

[0014] The charging stage of the branch capacitor is characterized by the following: turning on the high-voltage pulse generation array switch. At the same time, turn off other switching transistors. , , At this time, the diode When the circuit is turned on, the power supply flows through inductor L. n For each capacitor Charging, an inductor that has already stored energy. and power supply to charging capacitor Discharge enables a power surge. The control signal generation circuit generates control signals to control the K switching transistors before each Marx boost circuit in the high-voltage pulse generation array. Turn on, the switch tube at the back Because no charging circuit is formed, charging will not occur, thus reducing the number of charging capacitors in each branch and reducing capacitor discharge. , .

[0015] The pulse output stage is characterized by the following: turning on the switching transistor of the high-voltage pulse generation array. and switching transistor At this time, because of the switching transistor On, diode Short circuit, each circuit is charged negative terminal of the charger connected The positive terminal of the charging capacitor is connected to achieve series discharge of the charging capacitor; the power supply is connected to multiple inductors. ,capacitance Series discharge achieves the superposition of multiple currents at the load, generating a high-voltage pulse at the load end. The control signal generation circuit can generate control signals and output control signals to control... The number of Marx boost circuits at the input load terminal is controlled to control the pulse current magnitude.

[0016] Furthermore, the switching transistor It is a P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET (PMOS transistor), a switching transistor. , , It is an N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET (NMOS transistor).

[0017] Furthermore, the path length from the trigger signal generated by the control signal generation circuit to the input terminal of the Marx boost sub-unit module is equal.

[0018] Furthermore, the lengths of the input paths from the output terminal to the load terminal of the N-stage Marx boost circuit are equal.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] This invention provides a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array technology. Based on a control signal generation circuit and a high-voltage pulse generation array, it achieves dynamic control of high-voltage pulses on the load. The control signal generation circuit outputs a synchronous trigger signal to ensure synchronous switching of transistors, allowing capacitors to discharge simultaneously, achieving series discharge and thus generating high-voltage pulses. Each pulse generation unit has the same structure; by adding N switching devices to an N-stage Marx circuit, independent control of each circuit is achieved. The pre-inductor boost circuit enhances the charging rate of subsequent energy storage capacitors, ensuring rapid voltage rise of the high-voltage pulse. The control signal generation circuit can control the number of capacitors charging in a single branch and the total number of discharging branches during the branch capacitor charging and pulse output stages to effectively control the array size, thereby achieving a wider range of pulse current amplitude control and improving the dynamic control performance of the high-voltage pulse generation array. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of the dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array described in this invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array described in this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is the timing diagram of the switching transistor in the simulation experiment described in this invention; where (a) is the switching transistor. The PWM control signal timing diagram, where (b) is the switching transistor. The timing diagram of the PWM control signal, where (c) is the switching transistor. , Timing diagram of PWM control signals;

[0024] Figure 4 The following diagrams illustrate the working principle of the simulation experiment described in this invention: (a) is the schematic diagram of the branch inductor charging stage, (b) is the schematic diagram of the branch capacitor charging stage, (c) is the schematic diagram of the pulse output stage, (d) is the schematic diagram of the branch capacitor charging control of the 2*3 Marx boost array branch capacitor charging stage, and (e) is the schematic diagram of the branch pulse control of the 2*3 Marx boost array pulse output stage.

[0025] Figure 5 The simulation results described in this invention are shown in the comparison chart between the 1*1 Marx boost array and the 10*10 Marx boost array. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0027] This example provides a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array. Based on the Marx circuit topology, a microcontroller is used to synchronously control the switching transistors of the Marx array, enabling multiple transistors to conduct simultaneously. The load receives multiple pulses, which are then superimposed to form a high-voltage pulse. The system framework diagram of this example is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the Marx boost array circuit diagram is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes a control signal generation circuit and a dynamically regulated Marx boost array circuit.

[0028] The control signal generation circuit serves as the trigger signal generator for the switching transistors in the Marx boost array circuit, providing corresponding synchronization signals for the switching transistor groups. The control signal generation circuit, controlled by a microcontroller, generates 2N+M signals; N of these signals act on the switching transistors of N branches. The charging time of the inductors in each boost branch is controlled, with N signals acting on the switching transistors in the N branches. , This is used to control the series discharge time of the capacitors in each branch, where M signals act on the switching transistors in the M-stage cascaded boost submodules of each branch. This is used to control whether the capacitors of the m-th cascaded sub-unit modules in all branches are charged.

[0029] Please see Figure 2 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array, characterized in that it includes N Marx boost branches, each containing an inductor boost circuit and an M-stage cascaded Marx boost sub-unit. The pre-charged inductor charges the capacitors of the M-stage cascaded Marx boost sub-modules in parallel, and pulses are generated on the load through the series discharge of the power supply, inductor, and capacitor. The pulses from each branch are further synthesized on the load to achieve a higher voltage pulse.

[0030] The inductor boost circuit includes a boost inductor. ,diode Switching transistor ;inductance One end is connected to a DC power supply Connect the other end to the diode. Positive terminal connection; diode negative terminal and switching transistor Drain connection; switching transistor The source is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, and when it is turned on, it short-circuits the Marx boost sub-unit, providing a separate boost inductor. Charging; utilizing the inductor after charging Accelerate the various capacitors cascaded in the M-stage. Rapid voltage boost is achieved through charging and discharging in series with capacitors.

[0031] The Marx boost sub-unit, the m-th cascaded sub-unit of the nth branch includes a PMOS switching transistor. NMOS transistor Charging capacitor and diodes , Drain and The drain connection, source and diode The positive terminal is connected to the diode. negative terminal and capacitor Connection, capacitor The other end and The drain connection. For the first stage of the Marx boost converter circuit, The source is connected to the switching transistor. The source pole, The source connection is connected to the power supply. For interconnected Marx boost sub-units, the switching transistor of the next-stage Marx boost sub-unit... The source and the switching transistor of the previous subunit The drains are connected, and the diode of the previous sub-unit is connected. The negative terminal and the diode of the next sub-unit The positive terminal is connected. The switching transistor of the final Marx boost converter subunit. Drain and switching transistor The common drain terminal is not connected, and the switching transistor... Source and switch The drain connection. The source is connected to the load.

[0032] Switching transistor , PMOS transistor, switching transistor , The transistors used are NMOS transistors. It should be noted that the above device selection is only an example and is not a limitation on the circuit of this invention.

[0033] The operating method of a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array circuit includes the branch inductor charging stage, the branch capacitor charging stage, and the pulse output stage; taking a 2*3 Marx boost array as an example. Figure 3 The sequence diagrams for each stage are provided, corresponding to... Figure 3 (a), (b), (c); Figure 4 A diagram showing the current flow direction is provided.

[0034] The branch inductor charging stage is as follows: The switching transistors in N branches are turned on. At the same time, turn off the switching transistor. , , At this time, the diode On, DC power supply Give inductor Charging, via diode and switching transistor Connect to the negative terminal of the power supply, such as Figure 4 As shown in (a).

[0035] The branch capacitor charging stage is as follows: The switching transistors in N branches are turned on. At the same time, turn off the switching transistor. , , At this time, the diode , On, DC power supply Series inductor Inductors in the M-level cascaded submodules of each branch Charging, such as Figure 4 As shown in (b); during the capacitor charging stage, the subsequent cascaded modules of the M-level cascaded sub-modules can be generated through the control signal generation circuit. The shutdown signal controls the total number of charging capacitors, and further controls the pulse size generated by capacitor discharge in the Marx boost circuit. For example... Figure 4 As shown in (d), by shutting down the last stage of the Marx boost subunit Since the capacitors do not form a charging circuit, they are in an uncharged state, which limits the total number of capacitors that can be charged, thus enabling the charging of capacitors in a 2*2 Marx array.

[0036] The pulse output stage is as follows: The switching transistors in N branches are turned on. , At the same time, turn off the switching transistor. , At this time, the diode On, diode When short-circuited, the capacitor and Interconnected, power supply Through inductance With the capacitor in series, through the switching transistor , A pulse is generated on the load, and a multi-channel parallel boost circuit achieves a higher voltage pulse on the load, such as... Figure 4 As shown in (c); during the pulse output stage, the switching transistor can be generated by controlling the signal generation circuit. The shutdown signal thus controls the pulse size generated by the entire boost circuit for the load. For example... Figure 4 As shown in (e), by turning off the second branch switch tube This achieves discharge to the load through only one branch, and overall achieves discharge of the 1*2 Marx boost array.

[0037] Simulation experiment, Figure 5 As shown, the simulation parameters are set as follows: the initial circuit is a 10*10 Marx boost array, and the load is 0.3. DC power input The output pulse voltage is 324V, the output pulse current is 1079A, the peak power is 349464.4W, and the output pulse width is 1µs. A control signal generation circuit generates a control signal, and the final circuit is limited to a 1*1 Marx boost array, resulting in an output pulse voltage of 25V, an output pulse current of 83A, a peak power of 2085.13W, and an output pulse width of 1µs. This achieves a wide voltage range coverage from 25V to 324V, with a dynamic ratio (upper limit / lower limit) of approximately 13 times, meeting the needs of various application scenarios from low-voltage precision experiments to high-voltage intensity processing, and enabling programmable output within this preset voltage range. The lower limit of the preset voltage range is determined by the lowest output voltage of a single charge / discharge electronic unit in a single branch, and the upper limit is determined by the highest output voltage of all charge / discharge electronic units connected in series in all branches. This invention can dynamically adjust the size of the Marx boost array to dynamically control the output pulse size.

[0038] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array circuit, comprising: Firstly, a high-voltage pulse generation array includes N Marx boost circuits, wherein the Marx boost circuit includes a pre-inductor boost circuit, an M-stage cascaded Marx boost sub-unit module, and a branch control switch transistor; Secondly, a control signal generation circuit is provided. The output of the control signal generation circuit is connected to the signal input of the Marx boost sub-unit module and is configured as the trigger pulse of the Marx boost sub-unit module. The control signal generation circuit is used to generate control signals to control the operating state of the Marx boost circuit and the energy of the energy storage capacitor of each boost circuit.

2. The dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inductor boost circuit includes a boost inductor. ,diode and switching transistor One end of the boost inductor is connected to a DC power supply, and the other end is connected to a diode. The positive terminal is connected to the diode. Negative electrode and switching transistor The drain connection, The source is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. Each stage of the M-stage cascaded Marx boost sub-module includes a switching transistor. , ,diode and capacitor The first-stage Marx boost sub-unit module, the switching transistor Source and inductor boost circuit switching transistor The drain connection, Drain and switching transistor Drain and capacitor One end connected, The source and inductor of the boost circuit switching transistor The source connection of the Marx boost subunit boost module diode. Positive electrode and switching transistor Source connection, the diode Negative electrode and capacitor Another connection, .

3. The dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array according to claim 2, characterized in that, In two adjacent Marx boost sub-modules, the capacitor of the upper-level Marx boost sub-module... With diode The negative common connection point is connected to the switching transistor of the next-stage Marx boost sub-unit module. The source connection, the capacitor of the previous Marx boost sub-module With switching transistor The drain common connection point is connected to the switching transistor of the next-stage Marx boost sub-module. The source connection, , .

4. The dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array according to claims 2 and 3, the switching transistor of the last stage Marx boost sub-unit module With capacitor The common connection point is not connected, diode Negative electrode and capacitor common connection point and branch control switch transistor Source connection, The drain is connected to the load. .

5. The method for operating a dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array according to claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, characterized in that: This includes the branch inductor charging stage, the branch capacitor charging stage, and the pulse output stage; The inductor charging stage is as follows: Turning on the switching transistor... At the same time, other switching transistors are turned off, and the diode... In forward conduction, the capacitor does not form a charging circuit, and the DC power supply charges the inductor through the switching transistor. Connect to the negative terminal of the power supply. The charging phase of the branch capacitor is as follows: Turn off the switching transistor. , , Power supply series inductor Common capacitor Parallel charging, at this time the diode Forward conduction; the pulse output stage is as follows: simultaneously turning on all parallel switching transistors of the Marx circuit. and Other switching transistors are off. Capacitors in the same branch are connected in series; the power supply discharges through the inductor and capacitor, creating a high voltage across the load. At this time, the diodes are reverse-biased and cut off. , .

6. The dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array according to claim 5, wherein the control signal generation circuit generates a digital trigger signal to control the nth Marx boost circuit. The control signal generation circuit generates a numerical trigger signal to output a shutdown signal to the m-th cascaded Marx boost sub-module of the n-th Marx boost circuit from back to front. Since the later cascaded Marx boost sub-modules do not form a charging circuit, the capacitors are in an unstored state, thereby controlling the discharge energy of the capacitors in the branch. .

7. A parallel pulse generation array circuit with initial voltage boost that can dynamically adjust the pulse amplitude according to claim 6, characterized in that: Marx sub-circuit module , For PMOS, For NMOS, It is a MOSFET.

8. The dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control signal generation circuit connects to the inductor boost circuit in each Marx boost stage. With equal path lengths, the control signal generation circuit connects to the same-stage switching transistors of each neutron voltage module in the Marx boost converter. , and in each branch Path lengths are equal. .

9. The dynamically adjustable high-voltage pulse generation array circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the Marx boost matrix can be controlled by a microcontroller, and a larger control range can be achieved by controlling the capacitor charging time.

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