Floating and sinking sorting device, sorting system, and control program
By using a float-sink separation device and control program, and by utilizing water flow adjustment and optical sorting technology, the problem of fine classification and efficient recycling of ASR has been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost ASR classification and recycling.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies struggle to accurately classify and efficiently recycle ASR generated by crushing vehicles, especially separating useful metals from organic components such as solidified plastics, and also present problems of equipment corrosion and increased costs.
Employing a floating and sinking separation device and classification system, the system uses water flow to adjust the buoyancy of crushed materials. Combining optical sorting and agitating water wheels, it performs fine classification through water tanks, water supply pipes, guides, and outlets. The system also optimizes water flow and agitation through control programs, avoids the use of brine to prevent corrosion, and reduces power requirements.
It achieves precise classification and efficient recycling of ASR, reduces equipment corrosion risk and cost, and realizes a miniaturized classification system.
Smart Images
Figure CN122055211A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to a float-sink sorting device, a sorting system, and a control program for classifying ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue) recovered from shredded material generated by shredding vehicles. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, the recycling process of ASR (Automatic Recycling Material) has been continuously advancing. Therefore, it is required not only to classify the shredded material generated by shredders into ASR containing useful metals and organic components such as solidified plastics, but also to classify and recycle ASR more finely.
[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for treating a mixture of fragmented materials generated at the end of the life of a durable consumer product due to the breakage of the durable consumer product, the mixture consisting of a small amount of waste polymer materials and pollutants that can be recycled in the field of plastics technology.
[0004] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-535359
[0005] Currently, there are requirements not only to classify the shredded material generated by crushing vehicles into useful metals and ASR containing organic components such as solidified plastics, but also to classify and recycle ASR more precisely. Summary of the Invention
[0006] This disclosure was made in view of the above background, and its purpose is to provide a float-sink sorting device, sorting system, and control program capable of precisely classifying and recovering ASR recovered from crushed material generated by a crushing vehicle.
[0007] The float-and-sink sorting device disclosed herein comprises: a water tank filled with water; an inlet for feeding crushed material into the water tank; a water supply pipe for spraying water from a nozzle located in the water within the water tank; a guide member for receiving the water sprayed from the nozzle of the water supply pipe in the water within the water tank and creating an upward flow of water in the water tank; a first outlet disposed on the side of the water tank; and a second outlet disposed at the bottom of the water tank. This float-and-sink sorting device can precisely classify and recover crushed material. For example, it can precisely classify and recover ASR recovered from crushed material generated by a crushing vehicle. Furthermore, the device can adjust the float / sink of the crushed material by water flow without the need for adjustment using brine or similar substances, thus preventing corrosion of the device. Additionally, the device can perform wet float-and-sink sorting of crushed material with almost no power, thus suppressing cost increases. Furthermore, this floating and sinking separation device does not require a large-scale mixer, thus enabling miniaturization.
[0008] Alternatively, the guide member may be formed from a portion of the housing of the water tank, the portion of the housing of the water tank being opposite to the spray outlet and having an inclined surface.
[0009] Alternatively, the guide member can be configured such that it is formed into a downwardly protruding arc shape, so that water ejected from the nozzle is received at one end and the water ejected from the nozzle is made to rise at the other end.
[0010] Alternatively, the first outlet can be positioned near the water surface of the aforementioned water tank.
[0011] It can also be configured to include a stirring wheel that agitates the surface of the water in the aforementioned water tank.
[0012] Alternatively, the stirring wheel can be configured to rotate in a manner that stirs the surface of the water in the tank in the opposite direction to the first outlet.
[0013] The classification system disclosed herein is for classifying ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue) recovered from shredded materials generated by shredding vehicles. It comprises: an optical sorting device that extracts metallic components from the ASR; and a float-sink sorting device that classifies the resin contained in the ASR after the metallic components have been extracted by the optical sorting device. The float-sink sorting device includes: a water tank filled with water; an inlet for introducing the ASR into the water tank; a water supply pipe that sprays water from a nozzle located in the water within the water tank; a guide that receives the water sprayed from the nozzle of the water supply pipe in the water within the water tank and creates an upward flow of water in the water tank; a first outlet located on the side of the water tank; and a second outlet located at the bottom of the water tank. This classification system can precisely classify and recover shredded materials. For example, this classification system can precisely classify and recover ASR recovered from shredded materials generated by shredding vehicles. Furthermore, this sorting system can adjust the buoyancy of specified crushed materials using water flow without the need for adjustments with brine, thus preventing equipment corrosion. Additionally, the system can perform wet float-sink separation of crushed materials with minimal power, thus controlling cost increases. Moreover, the system does not require large-scale mixers, enabling miniaturization.
[0014] Alternatively, the guide member may be formed from a portion of the housing of the water tank, the portion of the housing of the water tank being opposite to the spray outlet and having an inclined surface.
[0015] Alternatively, the guide member can be configured such that it is formed into a downwardly protruding arc shape, so that water ejected from the nozzle is received at one end and the water ejected from the nozzle is made to rise at the other end.
[0016] Alternatively, the first outlet can be positioned near the water surface of the aforementioned water tank.
[0017] It can also be configured such that the above classification system also has a stirring water wheel for stirring the water surface of the above water tank.
[0018] Alternatively, the stirring wheel can be configured to rotate in a manner that stirs the surface of the water in the tank in the opposite direction to the first outlet.
[0019] The control program disclosed herein is a control program that enables a computer to execute control processes in a float-sink sorting device, which includes: a water tank filled with water; an inlet for feeding crushed material into the water tank; a water supply pipe for spraying water from an outlet located in the water within the water tank; a guide for receiving the water sprayed from the outlet of the water supply pipe in the water within the water tank and causing an upward flow of water in the water tank; a first outlet disposed on the side of the water tank; and a second outlet disposed at the bottom of the water tank. The control program enables the computer to perform: analysis of the composition of the crushed material discharged from the first outlet and the composition of the crushed material discharged from the second outlet; and, based on the analysis results, adjustment of the spray rate of water sprayed from the outlet of the water supply pipe per unit time. This control program is capable of precisely classifying and recovering the crushed material. For example, this control program is capable of precisely classifying and recovering ASR recovered from crushed material generated by a crushing vehicle. Furthermore, this control program can adjust the buoyancy of the crushed material using water flow without the need for adjustments with brine, thus preventing equipment corrosion. Additionally, the program can perform wet float-sink separation of the crushed material with minimal power, thus controlling cost increases. Moreover, the program does not require a large-scale mixer, enabling miniaturization.
[0020] Alternatively, the control program may also cause the computer to perform processing based on the analysis results to adjust the angle of the aforementioned guide.
[0021] Alternatively, the above-mentioned float-sink separation device may also include a stirring wheel for stirring the surface of the water in the above-mentioned tank, and the above-mentioned control program may also cause the computer to perform processing based on the analysis results to adjust the rotation amount of the stirring wheel.
[0022] This disclosure provides a float-sink sorting device, sorting system, and control program capable of precisely classifying and recovering ASR from crushed material generated by a crushing vehicle. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an ASR recycling system within the classification system of this disclosure.
[0024] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of the control device installed in the ASR recycling system of this disclosure.
[0025] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the preliminary steps of the ASR classification system in the classification system of this disclosure.
[0026] Figure 4This is a schematic perspective view illustrating an example of a sieve set in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic top view of the sieve shown.
[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating other examples of sieves set in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0029] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the intermediate steps of the ASR classification system disclosed herein.
[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a sorting machine using a sieve provided in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a sieve set in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0032] Figure 10 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the later stages of the ASR classification system disclosed herein.
[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an optical sorting machine installed in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an optical sorting machine installed in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a wet flotation / sinking separator installed in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0036] Figure 14 It means Figure 13 The diagram shows a schematic perspective view of the wet flotation and sinking separator.
[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of a wet flotation / sinking separator installed in the ASR classification system of this disclosure.
[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second variation of the wet flotation and sinking separator installed in the ASR classification system of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0039] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In addition, the following description and drawings can be appropriately simplified in order to make the description clear.
[0040] <Classification system covered in this disclosure>
[0041] To date, ASR has primarily been used in cement production, thus lacking detailed classification. However, in recent years, with the increasing demand for ASR reuse in various fields, the necessity for efficient ASR recycling and high-precision ASR classification has also increased. Therefore, the classification system disclosed herein uses an ASR recycling system 10 for efficient ASR recycling and an ASR classification system 20 for high-precision ASR classification.
[0042] <Instructions for ASR Recycling System 10>
[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the ASR recycling system 10 in the classification system of this disclosure. The ASR recycling system 10 is a system that classifies and recycles shredded materials generated from the shredding of end-of-life vehicles into ASR containing useful metals and organic components such as cured plastics. Here, the ASR recycling system 10 can increase the organic content of the ASR (e.g., to 70% or more) by adjusting the attraction force of the suction device used to attract the shredded materials and the air force of the blower used to blow the shredded materials. In other words, the ASR recycling system 10 can accurately classify and recycle the shredded materials generated from shredding vehicles. A detailed description follows.
[0044] In this classification system, major components such as the engine, transmission, catalyst, tires, battery, engine oil, fuel, Freon, and airbags are first removed from the vehicle to be scrapped. After the major components are removed, the vehicle is compressed and then crushed to a specified size S1 or less by a pre-crusher (not shown). The crushed material 50 of the specified size S1 or less is conveyed by conveyor belt 101 and fed into the inlet 102 of the ASR recycling system 10. The crushed material 50 fed into the inlet 102 is fed into the crushing chamber 105 via the upper feed roller 103 and the lower feed roller 104. In the crushing chamber 105, the crushed material 50 is further crushed by hammers 106 mounted on the outer periphery of the rotating rotor.
[0045] A screen 108 is installed at the upper part of the crushing chamber 105 to allow crushed materials of a specified size S2 or less, which is smaller than the specified size S1, to pass through. Additionally, a screen 107 is installed at the lower part of the crushing chamber 105 to allow crushed materials of a specified size S3 or less, which is smaller than the specified size S1, to pass through. The specified sizes S2 and S3 are determined according to specifications and can be the same or different.
[0046] Alternatively, only screen 108 can be installed, without screen 107. In other words, the discharge path of the crushed material from the crushing chamber 105 can be only via screen 108. However, by installing screen 107, the discharge path of the crushed material from the crushing chamber 105 is increased, thus increasing the discharge efficiency and the crushing capacity of the crushed material 50 in the crushing chamber 105.
[0047] The first suction device 109 draws the crushed material 50, which has been finely crushed by the hammer 106 in the crushing chamber 105, through the suction port 110 provided on the upper side of the screen 108. Furthermore, the first suction device 109 collects the crushed material 50 that has passed through the screen 108 in the crushing chamber 105 as crushing residue (first crushing residue) 50a.
[0048] A tray 111 is positioned below the screen 107. The tray 111 receives crushed material 50 from the crushing chamber 105 that has passed through the screen 107 but was not recovered by the first suction device 109, as crushed material 50b. Additionally, the tray 111 receives crushed material that, although attracted by the first suction device 109 and passed through the screen 108, falls due to its weight before reaching the suction port 110, also as crushed material 50b. The crushed material 50b received by the tray 111 is conveyed by the conveyor belt 112 and fed into the inlet 114 located above the sorting chamber 113.
[0049] The sorting chamber 113 is a cylindrical conveying path that transports the crushed material 50b from the upper inlet 114 to the lower outlet 115. Here, an outlet 116 is provided at the upper part of the sorting chamber 113, separate from the outlet 115 at the lower part. The outlet 116 is also the suction port of the second suction device 118. Therefore, the outlet 116 will also be referred to as the suction port 116 below.
[0050] A blower 117 is installed on the lower side of the exterior of the sorting chamber 113. The blower 117 blows air from the outside of the sorting chamber 113 onto the broken material 50b inside the sorting chamber 113 via an outlet 115. Alternatively, a vent can be provided at the lower part of the sorting chamber 113 for the air from the blower 117 to pass through. In this case, the blower 117 blows air from the outside of the sorting chamber 113 onto the broken material 50b inside the sorting chamber 113 via this vent.
[0051] The second suction device 118 draws in the crushed material 50b from the sorting chamber 113, which is blown up by the blower 117, and collects it as crushing residue (second crushing residue) 50c. The crushed material 50b in the sorting chamber 113 that is not collected by the second suction device 118 is discharged as recycled material 80 from the discharge port 115. Recycled material 80 is mainly composed of metals (useful metals) and ceramic materials. The recycled material 80 can also be sorted more precisely in a process not shown.
[0052] The crushed residue 50a recovered by the first suction device 109 and the crushed residue 50c recovered by the second suction device 118 are combined and discharged as ASR60. ASR60 is composed of organic components, non-ferrous metals, wire harnesses, glass, iron, paper, wood, etc. The organic components are cured plastics (resins), foamed polyurethane, fibers, and rubber, etc. The higher the content of organic components in ASR60 (i.e., the higher the recovery rate of organic components from the crushed material 50), the higher the recycling efficiency of ASR.
[0053] A control device 15 is provided in the ASR recycling system 10. The control device 15 drives the ASR recycling system 10 and controls the attraction of the first attraction device 109, the attraction of the second attraction device 118, and the air force of the blower 117 based on the respective compositions of the ASR 60 and the recycled material 80. As a result, the control device 15 can increase the organic content in the ASR 60.
[0054] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the control device 15. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the control device 15 includes a drive unit 151, an analysis unit 152, an attraction force adjustment unit 153, and a wind force adjustment unit 154.
[0055] The drive unit 151 drives the ASR recycling system 10. As a result, the ASR recycling system 10 performs the operation of classifying the crushed material 50 into ASR 60, which contains organic components such as solidified plastics, and recyclable material 80, which is made of materials such as metals and ceramics.
[0056] The analysis unit 152 analyzes the components of ASR60 recovered by the ASR recovery system 10 and the other recoveries 80 recovered by the ASR recovery system 10.
[0057] Based on the analysis results of the analysis unit 152, the attraction adjustment unit 153 adjusts the attraction of the first attraction device 109 and the second attraction device 118 respectively. Based on the analysis results of the analysis unit 152, the wind force adjustment unit 154 adjusts the wind force of the blower 117.
[0058] For example, if the content of the specified metal (which should be included in the recyclable 80) in ASR60 is above a specified level, the attraction adjustment unit 153 reduces the force of at least one of the first attraction device 109 and the second attraction device 118. Alternatively, the wind force adjustment unit 154 reduces the wind force of the blower 117. This suppresses the recovery of the specified metal by the first attraction device 109 and the second attraction device 118.
[0059] Furthermore, for example, if the content of a specified organic component (the component that should be included in ASR60) in the recycled material 80 is above a specified level, the attraction adjustment unit 153 increases the strength of at least one of the first attraction device 109 and the second attraction device 118. Alternatively, the wind force adjustment unit 154 increases the wind force of the blower 117. This promotes the recovery of the specified organic component by the first attraction device 109 and the second attraction device 118.
[0060] Furthermore, there are various methods for adjusting the attractive forces of the first suction device 109 and the second suction device 118 via the attractive force adjustment unit 153, and for adjusting the airflow of the blower 117 via the airflow adjustment unit 154. The control device 15 can increase the content of organic components in the ASR60 by fine-tuning the attractive forces of the first suction device 109 and the second suction device 118, as well as the airflow of the blower 117.
[0061] Thus, the ASR recycling system disclosed herein can increase the organic content in the recovered ASR (e.g., to over 70%) by adjusting the attraction force of the suction device that attracts the crushed material and the air force of the blower that blows the crushed material. In other words, the ASR recycling system disclosed herein can accurately classify and recycle the crushed material generated by the crushing vehicle.
[0062] <Explanation of ASR Classification System 20>
[0063] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the preliminary steps of the ASR classification system 20 in the classification system disclosed herein. The ASR classification system 20 is a system for precisely classifying ASR 60 recovered from the crushed material 50 by the ASR recycling system 10.
[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the ASR classification system 20 includes a screen 201, an air separator 202, a crusher 203, and an air separator 204 for the early stages of the process.
[0065] Screen 201 will classify the ASR60 recovered from the crushed material 50 in the ASR recovery system 10 into ASR with a particle size smaller than the first particle size (first ASR) 60a and ASR with a particle size greater than the first particle size (second ASR) 60b.
[0066] Figure 4 This is a schematic perspective view showing an example of sieve 201. Additionally, Figure 5 This is a schematic top view of sieve 201. (See attached image.) Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, a sieve 201 is constructed by arranging multiple comb-shaped components 2011, each with multiple slits 2011a, in a stepped configuration. The sieve 201 classifies ASR60s by vibration into ASR60a that have passed through the slits and ASR60b that have not. As an example, the slit width is 10 mm and the slit length is 40 mm. Because each slit is 40 mm long, linear objects such as wire harnesses and copper wires are less likely to clog the sieve 201.
[0067] Here, generally speaking, glass is prone to breakage and becomes thinner. Furthermore, the slits of sieve 201 are adjusted to a relatively small width (size) that allows glass to pass through. Therefore, sieve 201 can also be said to classify ASR60a, which has a higher glass content, from ASR60b. Although the example given is a 10mm slit width for sieve 201, it is not a limitation. The slit width of sieve 201 can be any size that increases the glass content in ASR60a and decreases the glass content in ASR60b. Specifically, the slit width of sieve 201 can also be larger than 10mm, so that the glass content in ASR60b is practically zero. In this case, a more detailed classification is performed using sieve 205 in the subsequent process.
[0068] Alternatively, the sieve 201 can be configured to change the width of the slit. In this case, for example, the glass content in ASR60a and ASR60b can be analyzed by a control device (not shown), and the width of the slit in the sieve 201 can be adjusted based on the analysis results.
[0069] Furthermore, the structure of sieve 201 is not limited to Figure 4 The structure shown can be appropriately modified to other structures that can classify ASR60 into ASR60a (with a particle size smaller than the first particle size) and ASR60b (with a particle size larger than the first particle size). For example, the structure of sieve 201 could also be... Figure 6 The structure shown. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating other examples of sieve 201, using sieve 201a as an example. Figure 6As shown, the sieve 201a has multiple holes and is mesh-like, and is formed into a cylindrical shape. By rotating, the cylindrical sieve 201a sorts the ASR60 fed into the upper inlet 2012 into ASR60a that passes through the slit and ASR60b that does not pass through the slit and is discharged from the lower outlet 2013.
[0070] The air separator 202 classifies ASR60a particles smaller than a first particle size into ASR60c, a lighter material that can be blown away by the wind, and other ASR60d particles. ASR60c, a lighter material that can be blown away by the wind, is, for example, fibrous dust. After being solidified, the fibrous dust is used as fuel in electric furnaces or as a reducing agent in blast furnaces.
[0071] The crusher 203 uses hammers or similar components mounted on the outer periphery of a rotating rotor to crush ASR60b particles larger than the first particle size to a particle size smaller than the first particle size. Furthermore, it can also perform not only crushing but also further magnetic separation (magnetic separation), aluminum separation, etc.
[0072] The air separator 204 separates the ASR60b crushed by the crusher 203 into ASR60e, a lighter material that can be blown away by the air, and other ASR60f. ASR60e, a lighter material that can be blown away by the air, includes, for example, polyurethane and fiber dust. After being solidified, polyurethane and fiber dust can be used as fuel for electric furnaces or as a reducing agent for blast furnaces. Alternatively, after crushing by the crusher 203 and sorting by the air separator 204, the material can be further pulverized by a pulverizer (not shown) and sorted by a separator (not shown). In other words, the crushing and sorting of ASR60b can be performed in two stages. This reduces the workload on the crusher 203.
[0073] In the next step of the ASR classification system 20, ASR60d and ASR60f are classified in a more refined manner.
[0074] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of an intermediate process in the ASR classification system 20. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the ASR classification system 20 includes a screen 205, a dry gravity separator 206, a magnetic separator 207, an aluminum separator 208, a screen 209, and a dry gravity separator 210 for intermediate processes.
[0075] Sieve 205 classifies ASR60a particles with a higher glass content and a smaller particle size than the first particle size into ASR60g particles with a smaller particle size than the second particle size, and ASR60h particles with a particle size greater than the second particle size. Furthermore, while the second particle size is equivalent to the first particle size, it is not a limitation; the second particle size can also differ from the first particle size, as long as the difference is not so great that it would cause blockage by broken material in subsequent processes, or render the classification by sieve 205 meaningless.
[0076] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of sieve 205. For example... Figure 8 As shown, sieve 205 has multiple slits and is formed in a plate shape. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a separator 25 equipped with a screen 205. The separator 25 separates the ASR60d fed into the inlet 252 into ASR60g (which passes through the slit) and ASR60h (which does not pass through the slit), by vibrating the plate-shaped screen 205, and discharges them from outlets 253 and 254 respectively. The slit of the screen 205 can be adjusted to a width that allows glass to pass through easily but makes it difficult for other components to pass through.
[0077] Alternatively, sieve 205 can be configured to change the width of the slit. In this case, for example, the glass content in ASR60g and ASR60h can be analyzed by a control device (not shown), and the width of the slit in sieve 205 can be adjusted based on the analysis results.
[0078] By using sieves 201 and 205 for sorting, the vast majority (ideally all the glass contained in ASR60) of the ASR60 recycled in the ASR recycling system 10 is sorted into ASR60g. This prevents damage or malfunction of subsequent sorting devices due to the glass.
[0079] The dry gravity separator 206, for example, classifies ASR60g particles smaller than a second particle size into lighter ASR60i and heavier ASR60j by vibrating a tray. The lighter ASR60i is glass shavings. Glass shavings can be used, for example, as a raw material for cement or as fuel in cement production. The heavier ASR60j is, for example, gold and silver slag.
[0080] Magnetic separator 207 removes iron and other metals attracted by the magnet from ASR60h particles with a particle size of second size or larger but smaller than the first size. Aluminum separator 208 uses an alternating magnetic field generated by rotating a permanent magnet at high speed to classify the magnetically separated ASR60h into aluminum 60k and other types of ASR60m.
[0081] Sieve 209 classifies ASR60f particles with a lower glass content and a smaller particle size than the first particle size into ASR60n particles with a smaller particle size than the third particle size, and ASR60p particles with a particle size greater than the third particle size. Furthermore, although the third particle size is smaller than the first particle size, it is not limited to this; the third particle size can be the same as or larger than the first particle size, as long as the difference is not so great that it would cause blockage by broken material in subsequent processes, or render the classification of sieve 209 meaningless. The structure of sieve 209 is the same as that of sieve 205, except for the width of the slits.
[0082] Dry gravity separator 210, for example, classifies ASR60n particles smaller than the third particle size into lighter ASR60q and heavier ASR60r by vibrating a tray. Lighter ASR60q is, for example, resin dust (cured plastic). Resin dust, primarily composed of PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), can be used as pallet materials or building materials. Heavier ASR60r is, for example, gold and silver slag.
[0083] In the next step of the ASR classification system 20, ASR60m and ASR60p are classified more precisely. Here, ASR60m and ASR60p are adjusted to the same size using crusher 203 and thus merged into one type. In other words, in a later step of the ASR classification system 20, a shared classification device is used to classify the two types of ASR60m and ASR60p separately. This reduces costs.
[0084] Figure 10 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the later stages of the ASR classification system 20. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the ASR classification system 20 includes an optical sorter 211, an optical sorter 212, a crusher 213, a dry gravity separator 214, a circular sieve 215, and a wet flotation separator (flotation separation device) 216 for later processes.
[0085] Optical sorter 211 classifies ASR70, which combines ASR60m and ASR60p into one, into metal 70a and non-metal 70b.
[0086] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an optical sorting machine 211. (Example) Figure 11As shown, the optical sorting machine 211 uses a metal sensor 2112 to identify whether an ASR70 transported by the conveyor belt 2111 to the vicinity of the metal sensor 2112 is metallic or non-metallic. Then, the optical sorting machine 211 blows air from an air nozzle 2113 onto the ASR70 with a force corresponding to the identification result of the metal sensor 2112. For example, if the ASR70 is metallic, the optical sorting machine 211 blows air from the air nozzle 2113 onto the metallic ASR70, causing it to fly further away; if the ASR70 is non-metallic, it does not blow air from the air nozzle 2113 onto the non-metallic ASR70, causing it to fall closer. Thus, the ASR70 is classified as either metallic 70a or non-metallic 70b.
[0087] Optical sorting machine 212 classifies the metal 70a, which has been sorted by optical sorting machine 211, into incompressible dust 70c and non-ferrous metals 70d. The incompressible dust 70c, after being solidified, is used as fuel for electric furnaces or as a reducing agent for blast furnaces. Specifically, non-ferrous metal 70d is copper.
[0088] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an optical sorting machine 212. (Example) Figure 12 As shown, the optical sorting machine 212 uses a metal sensor 2122 to identify whether metal 70a, conveyed by the conveyor belt 2121 to the vicinity of the metal sensor 2112, is uncrushable dust 70c or non-ferrous metal 70d. Furthermore, the optical sorting machine 212 identifies the type of non-ferrous metal 70d based on the color of the metal 70a obtained from an image captured by the camera 2123. For example, if the color of the metal 70a is red, the optical sorting machine 212 identifies it as copper. Then, the optical sorting machine 212 blows air from the air nozzle 2124 onto the metal 70a with a force corresponding to the identification result of the metal sensor 2122 and the analysis result of the image captured by the camera 2123. Thus, the metal 70a is classified as either uncrushable dust 70c or non-ferrous metal 70d.
[0089] The pulverizer 213 uses blades and other components mounted on the outer periphery of a rotating rotor to finely pulverize the non-ferrous metal 70d. As a result, for example, the wire bundle contained in the non-ferrous metal 70d is separated into metal (copper) and coating material. A dry gravity separator 214 classifies the non-ferrous metal 70d pulverized by the pulverizer 213 into heavier copper (i.e., non-ferrous metal 70f) and lighter residue 70e. The residue 70e, after being solidified, is used as fuel in an electric furnace or as a reducing agent in a blast furnace. A circular sieve 215 classifies the non-ferrous metal 70f into copper wire 70g and copper 70h.
[0090] The wet flotation separator 216 classifies non-metallic materials 70b, which are fed into liquids such as water, into non-metallic materials 70i that sink in the liquid and non-metallic materials 70j that float in the liquid. Non-metallic materials 70i that sink in the liquid are, for example, settling resins. Settling resins can be used as fuel for sludge incineration. Non-metallic materials 70j that float in the liquid are, for example, flotation resins. Flotation resins, mainly composed of PP, PE, etc., can be used as pallet materials, building materials, etc.
[0091] Figure 13 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a wet flotation separator 216. Figure 14 This is a schematic perspective view showing the appearance of the wet flotation separator 216. (Example) Figure 13 as well as Figure 14 As shown, the wet flotation separator 216 has a water tank 2161 for adding water, a water supply pipe 2162, and an inlet 2164 for non-metallic material 70b.
[0092] In the water tank 2161, the main body has a cuboid shape and the bottom has a shape that tapers towards the front end.
[0093] The water supply pipe 2162 is configured such that its nozzle 2163 is located inside (in water) the water stored in the water tank 2161. Figure 13 as well as Figure 14 In this example, the water supply pipe 2162 is configured to extend along the side of the main body of the water tank 2161 in the vertical direction (z-axis direction). Water is sprayed from the water supply pipe 2162 through the nozzle 2163.
[0094] The portion 2165 of the housing of the water tank 2161 opposite the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 has an inclined surface. While receiving water ejected from the nozzle 2163, the force of the received water causes the water in the water tank 2161 to rise. In other words, the portion 2165 of the housing of the water tank 2161 functions as a guide to generate an upward flow of water in the water tank 2161 using water ejected from the nozzle 2163. Therefore, the portion 2165 of the housing of the water tank 2161 will also be referred to as the guide 2165 below. The guide 2165 not only generates an upward flow of water but also prevents the non-metallic material 70b from stagnating in the water.
[0095] A first outlet 2166 is provided on the side of the main body of the water tank 2161. More specifically, the first outlet 2166 is located on the side of the main body of the water tank 2161 near the water surface. More specifically, a portion of the opening of the first outlet 2166 is below the water surface. Thus, non-metallic materials 70b that float on the water surface after being fed into the water tank 2161 through the inlet 2164 are discharged from the first outlet 2166 along with the water. Furthermore, the water discharged from the first outlet 2166 can be reused as water sprayed from the water supply pipe 2162.
[0096] A second outlet 2167 is provided at the front end of the bottom of the water tank 2161. Non-metallic materials 70b that are put into the water tank 2161 through the inlet 2164 and sink to the bottom are discharged from the second outlet 2167.
[0097] The wet flotation separator 216 classifies non-metals 70b that are lighter than water and non-metals that float on the surface of the water due to the rising water flow into the water tank 2161 from the inlet 2164 as non-metals 70j and discharges them from the first outlet 2166. It also classifies non-metals that do not float with the rising water flow and sink to the bottom of the water due to their greater weight as non-metals 70i and discharges them from the second outlet 2167.
[0098] Figure 13 as well as Figure 14 The wet flotation separator 216 shown can adjust the float and sink of a specified amount of crushed material using water flow. Since it does not require the use of brine or similar substances for adjustment, corrosion of the device can be prevented. Furthermore, this wet flotation separator 216 can perform wet flotation separation of non-metallic materials 70b with almost no power, thus suppressing cost increases. Moreover, this wet flotation separator 216 does not require a large-scale mixer, enabling miniaturization.
[0099] Furthermore, the ASR classification system 20 may also include a control device (not shown) for controlling the wet flotation separator 216. For example, this control device analyzes the composition of non-metallic material 70j discharged from the first outlet 2166 and the composition of non-metallic material 70i discharged from the second outlet 2167, and based on the analysis results, adjusts the spray volume of water from the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 per unit time. Thus, the wet flotation separator 216 can adjust the composition of non-metallic material 70j discharged from the first outlet 2166 and the composition of non-metallic material 70i discharged from the second outlet 2167.
[0100] Figure 15This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the wet flotation separator 216a. Compared with the wet flotation separator 216, the wet flotation separator 216a further includes an agitator 2168.
[0101] The agitator 2168 is positioned near the water surface. Figure 15 In this example, the stirring impeller 2168 is configured such that its rotating axis, extending in the horizontal direction (x-axis direction), is located below the water surface, and a portion of its outer periphery is in contact with the water surface. The stirring impeller 2168 stirs the water surface of the tank 2161 by rotating. For example, the stirring impeller 2168 rotates in a manner opposite to that of the first outlet 2166. Figure 15 In the example, when observed along the negative x-axis, the stirring impeller 2168 rotates to the right. This removes, for example, air bubbles attached to the broken material (non-metallic 70b), or separates lighter fragments attached to heavier fragments. Consequently, fragments that should not float sink as expected, and fragments that should not sink float as expected. Thus, the wet flotation / sinking separator 216a can perform flotation / sinking separation with greater accuracy.
[0102] Furthermore, the ASR classification system 20 may also include a control device (not shown) for controlling the wet flotation separator 216a. For example, this control device analyzes the composition of the non-metallic material 70j discharged from the first outlet 2166 and the non-metallic material 70i discharged from the second outlet 2167, and adjusts the spray volume of water from the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 per unit time based on the analysis results. Alternatively, the control device may adjust the rotation of the agitator impeller 2168 based on the analysis results. Thus, the wet flotation separator 216a can adjust the composition of the non-metallic material 70j discharged from the first outlet 2166 and the non-metallic material 70i discharged from the second outlet 2167.
[0103] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the wet flotation separator 216, which is shown as a wet flotation separator 216b. Compared with the wet flotation separator 216a, the wet flotation separator 216b also includes a guide member 2169. In other words, instead of using a part of the housing of the water tank 2161 as the guide member, the wet flotation separator 216b uses the guide member 2169 as an accessory.
[0104] A guide 2169 is disposed below the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 within the water tank 2161. The guide 2169 receives water ejected from the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 and, through the force of the received water, causes the water in the water tank to rise. For example, the guide 2169 is formed in a downwardly convex arc shape, designed to receive water ejected from the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 at one end and cause it to rise at the other end.
[0105] The wet flotation separator 216b can achieve the same effect as the wet flotation separator 216a.
[0106] Furthermore, the ASR classification system 20 may also include a control device (not shown) for controlling the wet flotation separator 216b. For example, this control device analyzes the composition of non-metallic material 70j discharged from the first outlet 2166 and the composition of non-metallic material 70i discharged from the second outlet 2167, and adjusts the spray volume of water from the nozzle 2163 of the water supply pipe 2162 per unit time based on the analysis results. Alternatively, the control device may adjust the rotation of the agitator impeller 2168 based on the analysis results. Alternatively, the control device may adjust the angle of the guide member 2169 based on the analysis results. Thus, the wet flotation separator 216b can adjust the composition of non-metallic material 70j discharged from the first outlet 2166 and the composition of non-metallic material 70i discharged from the second outlet 2167.
[0107] Thus, in the classification system disclosed herein, the ASR recycling system 10 further recovers organic components such as solidified plastics that could not be completely recovered by the first suction device alone by using a blower and a second suction device, thereby increasing the recovery rate of organic components contained in the ASR. In other words, the ASR recycling system 10 can accurately classify and recycle the crushed material generated by the crushing vehicle.
[0108] Furthermore, in the classification system disclosed herein, the ASR classification system 20 can precisely classify and recycle ASR recovered from the shredded material generated by the crushing vehicle. Here, by classifying the ASR recovered from the shredded material after removing glass using a sieve, the ASR classification system 20 can prevent malfunctions of the classification device caused by glass. Additionally, by crushing the larger ASR among the two particle sizes of ASR classified as two sizes, the ASR classification system 20 can classify both types of ASR separately using a shared classification device. This helps to suppress cost increases. Furthermore, the ASR classification system 20 recovers cured plastics by performing dry gravity separation on the ASR from which glass has been recovered. In other words, the ASR classification system 20 can precisely classify and recycle ASR.
[0109] Furthermore, in the ASR classification system 20, the wet flotation separator 216 can adjust the float and sink of specified crushed materials by water flow, without the need for adjustment using brine or the like, thus preventing corrosion of the device. In addition, the wet flotation separator 216 can perform ASR wet flotation separation with almost no power, thus suppressing cost increases. Moreover, the wet flotation separator 216 does not require a large-scale mixer, thus enabling miniaturization.
[0110] Furthermore, this disclosure enables the classification system to perform part or all of its processing by having a CPU (Central Processing Unit) execute a computer program.
[0111] When the above-described program is read by a computer, it includes a set of commands (or software code) for causing the computer to perform one or more functions described in the embodiments. The program may also be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium or a physical storage medium. As a non-limiting example, a computer-readable medium or a physical storage medium includes RAM (Random-Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), flash memory, SSD (Solid-State Drive) or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), Blu-ray disc or other optical disc storage, cassette tape, magnetic tape, disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices. The program may also be transmitted on a transient computer-readable medium or a communication medium. As a non-limiting example, a transient computer-readable medium or a communication medium includes electrical, optical, acoustic, or other forms of propagation signals.
[0112] The present disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various modifications that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the structure and details of the present disclosure within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, each embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments.
[0113] This application claims priority to Japanese Application Special Penalty 2023-146508, filed on September 8, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0114] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures
[0115] 10…ASR recovery system, 15…control device, 20…ASR sorting system, 25…sorter, 50…crushed material, 60…ASR, 70…ASR, 101…conveyor belt, 102…feed inlet, 103…upper feed roller, 104…lower feed roller, 105…crushing chamber, 106…hammer, 107…screen, 108…screen, 109…first suction device, 110…suction inlet, 111…tray, 112… Conveyor belt, 113… Classification chamber, 114… Inlet, 115… Outlet, 116… Outlet (suction port of the second suction device), 117… Blower, 118… Second suction device, 151… Drive unit, 152… Analysis unit, 153… Suction adjustment unit, 154… Air force adjustment unit, 201… Screen, 202… Air separator, 203… Crusher, 204… Air separator, 205… Screen, 206… Dry gravity separator Sorting machine, 207…Magnetic separator, 208…Aluminum separator, 209…Sieve, 210…Dry gravity separator, 211…Optical separator, 212…Optical separator, 213…Pulverizer, 214…Dry gravity separator, 215…Circular sieve, 216…Wet flotation and sedimentation separator, 252…Inlet, 253…Outlet, 254…Outlet, 2011…Component, 2012…Inlet, 2013…Outlet, 21 11…conveyor belt, 2112…metal sensor, 2113…air nozzle, 2121…conveyor belt, 2122…metal sensor, 2123…camera, 2124…air nozzle, 2161…water tank, 2162…water supply pipe, 2163…spray outlet, 2164…inlet, 2165…guide, 2166…first outlet, 2167…second outlet, 2168…stirring water wheel, 2169…guide.
Claims
1. A float-sink separation device, wherein, have: A water tank, which is filled with water; An inlet for feeding crushed materials into the water tank; A water supply pipe that sprays water from a nozzle located in the water tank; A guide that receives water ejected from the nozzle of the water supply pipe in the water in the tank and causes the water in the tank to rise. The first row of outlets is located on the side of the water tank; as well as The second outlet is located at the bottom of the water tank.
2. The float-sink separation device according to claim 1, wherein, The guide is formed from a portion of the housing of the water tank that is opposite the spray outlet and has an inclined surface.
3. The float-sink separation device according to claim 1, wherein, The guide is formed in a downwardly convex arc shape, such that it receives water ejected from the nozzle at one end and causes the water ejected from the nozzle to generate an upward flow at the other end.
4. The float-sink separation device according to claim 1, wherein, The first outlet is located near the water surface of the tank.
5. The float-sink separation device according to claim 1, wherein, It also has a stirring wheel to agitate the surface of the water in the tank.
6. The float-sink separation device according to claim 5, wherein, The stirring impeller rotates in a manner that stirs the water surface of the tank in the opposite direction to the first outlet.
7. A classification system for classifying ASR, i.e., scrap vehicle shredding residue, recovered from shredded material generated by a shredding vehicle, wherein, have: An optical sorting device that extracts metallic components from the ASR; and A float-and-sink sorting device that classifies the resin contained in the ASR after the metal components have been extracted by the optical sorting device. The float-sink separation device has the following features: A water tank, which is filled with water; The ASR is inserted into the water tank through the inlet. A water supply pipe that sprays water from a nozzle located in the water tank; A guide that receives water ejected from the nozzle of the water supply pipe in the water in the tank and causes the water in the tank to rise. The first row of outlets is located on the side of the water tank; as well as The second outlet is located at the bottom of the water tank.
8. The classification system according to claim 7, wherein, The guide is formed from a portion of the housing of the water tank that is opposite the spray outlet and has an inclined surface.
9. The classification system according to claim 7, wherein, The guide is formed in a downwardly convex arc shape, such that it receives water ejected from the nozzle at one end and causes the water ejected from the nozzle to generate an upward flow at the other end.
10. The classification system according to claim 7, wherein, The first outlet is located near the water surface of the tank.
11. The classification system according to claim 7, wherein, It also has a stirring wheel to agitate the surface of the water in the tank.
12. The classification system according to claim 11, wherein, The stirring impeller rotates in a manner that stirs the water surface of the tank in the opposite direction to the first outlet.
13. A control program that causes a computer to perform control processing in a float-sink sorting device, the float-sink sorting device comprising: A water tank, which is filled with water; An inlet for feeding crushed materials into the water tank; A water supply pipe that sprays water from a nozzle located in the water tank; A guide that receives water ejected from the nozzle of the water supply pipe in the water in the tank and causes the water in the tank to rise. The first row of outlets is located on the side of the water tank; as well as The second outlet is located at the bottom of the water tank, wherein, The control program causes the computer to execute: The process involves analyzing the composition of the crushed material discharged from the first discharge outlet and the composition of the crushed material discharged from the second discharge outlet. as well as Based on the analysis results, the treatment is adjusted to adjust the amount of water sprayed from the nozzle of the water supply pipe per unit time.
14. The control procedure according to claim 13, wherein, It also enables the computer to perform processing based on the analysis results to adjust the angle of the guide.
15. The control program according to claim 13, wherein, The float-and-sink separation device also includes a stirring wheel to agitate the surface of the water in the tank. The control program also enables the computer to perform processing based on the analysis results to adjust the rotation amount of the stirring impeller.