Purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering

Abstract

The invention provides a purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering, which belongs to the technical field of environmental dust removal and comprises a water inlet pipe, an impeller, a conical rear disc, a waterproof motor, rotational flow blades and a dewatering cylinder which are sequentially arranged, the impeller is driven by the waterproof motor to generate high negative pressure to suck dust-containing airflow, meanwhile, water discharged from the water inlet pipe is sucked to the conical rear disc at the front end of the impeller to form a water film, dust is captured and sucked at a time, a common water pipe is adopted to replace a nozzle to serve as a water inlet, and blockage of impurities in water is avoided. The conical rear disc rotating at a high speed is adopted, so that water discharged from the water inlet pipe forms a dust-catching water film; the sewage discharge groove is arranged to discharge sewage and is flushed by part of air flow, so that the sewage discharge groove is prevented from being blocked by sludge deposition, and the purification and dust removal efficiency for environmental engineering is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental dust removal technology, and specifically relates to a purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Environmental engineering is a branch of environmental science that primarily studies how to protect and rationally utilize natural resources, and how to use scientific methods to solve increasingly serious environmental problems, improve environmental quality, and promote environmental protection and social development. It is the science and technology that studies and engages in the prevention and control of environmental pollution and the improvement of environmental quality. Environmental engineering is related to ecology in biology, environmental hygiene and environmental medicine in medicine, as well as environmental physics and environmental chemistry. Because environmental engineering is still in its early stages and the field is still developing, its core is the control of environmental pollution sources.

[0003] Environmental engineering requires collaboration with multiple disciplines. For example, it requires on-site engineering equipment for construction operations, as well as seed cultivation technology and bio-fertilizer technology for support. Currently, the dust removal technology for vehicles or processing equipment used in environmental engineering still needs to be developed and utilized. When the equipment is running, the equipment and raw materials will generate a large amount of dust during production. This dust will not only cause a very harsh environment and affect the health of workers, but also affect the precision and smoothness of the produced parts, thus reducing the quality of production.

[0004] Patent CN208771093U discloses an environmentally friendly electrostatic dust removal device for the production of new materials. It includes a dust removal chamber and an exhaust device. A ventilation hose is sealed to the bottom of the dust removal chamber, and a suction funnel is located at the lower end of the ventilation hose. A turbine fan is installed at the connection between the ventilation hose and the bottom of the dust removal chamber, and a cathode electrode is installed above the turbine fan shaft. An anode electrode is installed on the inner wall of the dust removal chamber, and a filter screen is installed on the inner wall of the dust removal chamber above the anode electrode. An exhaust device is installed at the top of the dust removal chamber. This device can fix and collect airborne dust on the anode electrode, improving dust collection efficiency. However, the device has low power and poor dust removal effect within the equipment; if multiple locations are used, the cost increases significantly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problems of existing technologies by providing a purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering, comprising: a water inlet pipe, an impeller, a conical rear plate, a waterproof motor, swirl blades, and a dewatering cylinder arranged in sequence; the impeller, driven by the waterproof motor, generates a high negative pressure that draws in dust-laden airflow, while simultaneously drawing water from the water inlet pipe onto the conical rear plate at the front end of the impeller to form a water film, thus capturing the inhaled dust in one pass. After the water flow enters the dynamic Venturi channel between the blades, it is fully broken and atomized into fine droplets under mechanical action, which combine with the dust particles under the high-speed impact action of the dynamic Venturi principle, thereby capturing the dust.

[0006] Furthermore, the impeller is an axial flow impeller with a cylindrical surface that is approximately concentric with the shaft. The airflow generated by the axial flow impeller moves along the axial direction.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotating surface of the impeller blade is a cylindrical surface, forming a cylinder with the impeller. The axis of this cylinder coincides with the axis of rotation. The airflow enters the blade radially and exits in a direction inclined at 45° to the axis. This is different from radial impellers where the airflow flows out radially, and also different from mixed-flow impellers where the rotating surface of the blade is a plane and perpendicular to the rotating axis, and the airflow enters the blade axially.

[0008] Furthermore, the purifier is 2100mm long and 980mm in diameter, with an air inlet and outlet diameter of 640mm. It uses an 800mm diameter impeller and a YBF3-22HS-4 explosion-proof three-phase asynchronous motor with rated voltage, power, and air volume of 660 / 1140V, 37kW, and 530-550m³ / h respectively. 3 / min.

[0009] Furthermore, the purifier includes a water inlet and distribution unit, a mixing vortex unit, and a dehydration and sewage discharge unit. The impeller generates high negative pressure, changing the straight path of the airflow to a curved path of spiral movement around the inner wall of the purifier. This increases the contact distance and time between dust particles and liquid droplets, improving dust collection efficiency. The airflow passes through the vortex blades and forms a water film on the blades, achieving three dust captures and one dehydration. The polluted airflow, moving along a spiral trajectory, passes through the dehydration cylinder, where dust droplets separate from the airflow, achieving dehydration and purification before being discharged from the outlet. The dust droplets separated from the dehydration cylinder converge and are discharged through the sewage discharge trough. After the dust-laden airflow enters the purifier, it undergoes triple dust capture and double dehydration, achieving efficient dust removal and thorough dehydration.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention discloses a dust removal and purification device for environmental engineering, comprising: a water inlet pipe, an impeller, a conical rear plate, a waterproof motor, swirl blades, and a dewatering cylinder arranged sequentially; the impeller, driven by the waterproof motor, generates a high negative pressure to draw in dust-laden airflow, while simultaneously drawing water from the water inlet pipe onto the conical rear plate at the front end of the impeller to form a water film, thus capturing the inhaled dust in one pass. A common water pipe is used instead of a nozzle as the water inlet to avoid clogging by impurities in the water; the high-speed rotating conical rear plate ensures that the water from the water inlet pipe forms a dust-collecting water film; the impeller is designed to create a spiral airflow, increasing the contact path between dust and water mist, effectively removing dust while also fully breaking down and atomizing the water flow; the swirl blades provide guidance and centrifugal dewatering; a dewatering cylinder is installed after the swirl blades for further dewatering; a sewage discharge trough is provided to discharge wastewater, and a portion of the airflow is used to flush the trough, preventing clogging due to sludge accumulation and improving the efficiency of dust removal and purification in environmental engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering according to the present invention; In the above figures, 1 is the impeller; 2 is the polluted airflow; 3 is the swirl blades; 4 is the dewatering cylinder; 5 is the sewage; 6 is the air outlet; 7 is the sewage discharge trough; 8 is the conical rear plate; 9 is the water inlet pipe; and 10 is the air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0014] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0015] Example 1, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, this application provides a purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering, including: a water inlet pipe 9, an impeller 1, a conical rear plate 8, a waterproof motor, swirl blades 3, and a dewatering cylinder 4 arranged in sequence; the impeller 1, driven by the waterproof motor, generates a high negative pressure to draw in dust-laden airflow, while simultaneously drawing water from the water inlet pipe 9 onto the conical rear plate 8 at the front end of the impeller 1 to form a water film, thus capturing the inhaled dust in one go. After the water flow enters the dynamic Venturi channel between the blades, it is fully broken and atomized into fine droplet particles under mechanical action, which combine with the dust particles under the high-speed impact action of the dynamic Venturi principle to capture the dust.

[0016] The air purifier is 2100mm long and 980mm in diameter. Its air inlet (10) and outlet (6) are both 640mm in diameter. It uses an 800mm diameter impeller (1). The waterproof motor is a YBF3-22HS-4 explosion-proof three-phase asynchronous motor with rated voltage, power, and air volume of 660 / 1140V, 37kW, and 530-550m³ / h respectively. 3 / min. The principle is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the purifier is functionally divided into a water inlet and distribution unit, a mixing and swirling unit, and a dehydration and sewage discharge unit. Its working principle is as follows: impeller 1, driven by a waterproof motor, generates high negative pressure to draw in dust-laden airflow. Simultaneously, water from the inlet pipe 9 is drawn onto the conical rear plate 8 at the front end of impeller 1 to form a water film, capturing dust in the first stage. The water then enters the dynamic Venturi channel between the blades and is fully broken and atomized into fine droplets under mechanical action. These droplets combine with the dust particles under the high-speed impact of the dynamic Venturi principle, resulting in a second dust capture. The high negative pressure generated by impeller 1 changes the straight airflow path to a curved path of spiral movement around the inner wall of the purifier, increasing the contact distance and time between dust particles and droplets, thus improving dust capture efficiency. The airflow then passes through the swirling blades 3 and forms a water film on the blades, achieving a third dust capture and a first dehydration. The polluted airflow 2, moving along a spiral trajectory, passes through the dehydration cylinder 4, where the dust droplets separate from the airflow, achieving dehydration and purification before being discharged from the outlet 6. The dust-laden droplets separated from the dehydration cylinder 4 are collected and discharged from the drain trough 7. After the dust-laden airflow enters the purifier, it achieves efficient dust removal and thorough dehydration through triple dust capture and double dehydration.

[0017] The impeller is the most critical component of a dust collector, and its structure varies depending on the type of dust collector. There are three common types of dust collector impellers: based on the shape of the flow surface, fluid mechanics classifies them into axial flow impellers (where the flow surface is approximately concentric with the axis of rotation), radial flow impellers (where the flow surface is approximately perpendicular to the axis of rotation), and mixed flow impellers (where the flow surface is approximately conical). Axial flow impellers generate airflow along the axial direction, characterized by a large flow coefficient and high efficiency; while radial flow impellers generate airflow along the radial direction under the action of centrifugal force, characterized by a high pressure coefficient and a wide operating range.

[0018] The airflow direction generated by the mixed-flow impeller is between axial and radial, and its specific speed and pressure head are between those of axial flow and radial flow, combining the advantages of both.

[0019] Combining the advantages of radial and mixed-flow impellers, a new impeller design was developed. The rotating surface of the impeller blades is a cylindrical surface, forming a cylinder with the impeller itself. The axis of this cylinder coincides with the axis of rotation. Airflow enters the blades radially and exits at a 45° angle to the axis of rotation. This design differs from radial-flow impellers where the airflow exits radially, and also from mixed-flow impellers where the rotating surface of the blades is planar and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and the airflow enters the blades axially. According to gas dynamics, for Newtonian fluids, the continuity and momentum equations in the compressible differential form of inviscid flow can be written as:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula: The density of the gas is kg / m³.3 ; ▽ represents the Hamiltonian operator; V represents absolute velocity; p represents pressure; g represents gravitational acceleration.

[0022] The most convenient coordinate system to use in turbomachinery is the rotating relative coordinate system. The relationship between absolute velocity V and relative velocity W is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula: V is the absolute velocity; W is the relative velocity; r is the radius vector; a is the absolute acceleration; ω is the angular velocity; the subscripts A and R represent the absolute coordinate system and the relative coordinate system, respectively.

[0025] The continuity equation and momentum equation in the relative coordinate system can be derived as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula: F is the body force; 2ω×W is the Coriolis force, N; ω×ω×r is the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the system.

[0028] Therefore, for inviscid and incompressible flow, the equation of motion can be written as:

[0029] As can be seen from the above equation, the Coriolis force -2ωW lies in a plane perpendicular to ω and W. Therefore, the Coriolis force changes the direction of the W velocity component perpendicular to the ω plane. In the impeller, the direction of the Coriolis force is between the radial and axial directions. Thus, for the impeller, the Coriolis force has a significant impact on the flow field distribution.

[0030] For inviscid flow, the equation for the angular momentum of a compressible fluid is:

[0031] In the formula: m is the mass of the fluid flowing into or out of the impeller; M is the external torque acting on the fluid inside the impeller; , These are the tangential velocities of the fluid at the impeller inlet and outlet, respectively; R １ R ２ These are the radii at the impeller inlet and outlet, respectively.

[0032] The mass of fluid passing through the impeller per unit time is:

[0033] In the formula: Q ｔ γ is the theoretical volumetric flow rate of the impeller; γ is the fluid density.

[0034] We can obtain:

[0035] Assuming all the shaft power on the impeller is transferred to the fluid, the theoretical power is:

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] Where: H ｔ The theoretical pressure of the fan; n is the rotational speed; D １ D ２ These are the diameters at the impeller inlet and outlet, respectively.

[0039] The conical design of the impeller's back plate serves several structural purposes, in addition to aiding in the formation of a water film: ① It brings the impeller's center of gravity closer to the motor rotor's center, thus improving the stress distribution on the motor's two bearings; ② It reduces the thickness of the conical back plate 8, increasing structural strength and reducing impeller weight; ③ In centrifugal impellers, the airflow changes from axial flow to radial motion after deceleration and rotation, resulting in higher energy consumption. However, with a conical back plate, the airflow direction is slightly deflected both axially and radially, thus reducing energy consumption; ④ Because the airflow passing over the blades is a composite motion, the airflow leaving the impeller is not a horizontal radial motion but a spiral motion along the 45° angle of the impeller's back plate.

[0040] The water inlet and distribution unit is the frontmost structure of the equipment. Water flows through the inlet pipe 9 and forms a water film on the conical rear plate for the first dust capture. The outlet of the inlet pipe 9 is a simple tubular outlet, requiring no nozzles or other auxiliary structures. Therefore, there are no requirements for the inlet water pressure or quality, fundamentally avoiding the problem of nozzle clogging in wet scrubbers. After the water flows out of the inlet pipe 9, it is evenly spread on the conical rear plate under high negative pressure, forming a water film with a very large area. Some of the dust entering the purifier axially with the airflow impacts the water film, completing the first dust capture. At this time, the increase in the water flow rate from the inlet pipe 9 has a certain positive effect on the dust removal and purification efficiency of the equipment. However, once the water film is formed inside the equipment, the dust removal efficiency does not increase but decreases with the continued increase in the water flow rate. This is because the impeller and the rate at which the negative pressure air breaks up the water film inside the equipment do not increase. At the same time, if the water inflow is too high, it will exceed the capacity of the dewatering cylinder 4, causing water to be carried in the exhaust gas at the outlet. These water droplets will contain many dust particles that have been captured by the water droplets, causing secondary pollution.

[0041] The space between each pair of impeller blades can be considered a Venturi tube, forming a dynamic Venturi channel as the impeller rotates. Under the high negative pressure and centrifugal force generated by the impeller, the dust-laden airflow and the water flow on the conical rear plate enter the dynamic Venturi channel between the blades. The water flow is thoroughly broken up and atomized into tiny droplets, which are accelerated under the dynamic Venturi principle, achieving thorough mixing of water and dust-laden airflow. The accelerated droplets collide and combine with uncaptured dust, completing the second dust capture.

[0042] The swirl blades 3 have a triple function: guiding airflow, dust collection, and dehydration. The high negative pressure generated by the impeller changes the straight path of the airflow to a curved path, spiraling around the inner wall of the purifier. This increases the contact distance and time between dust particles and liquid droplets, improving dust collection efficiency. The swirl blades 3 guide the airflow, ensuring it maintains its spiral trajectory. Simultaneously, dust-laden liquid droplets are carried by the airflow and form a water film on the swirl blades 3, resulting in a third dust capture. This water film, under centrifugal force, converges onto the inner wall of the purifier, completing the first dehydration process.

[0043] Guided by the swirl vanes, the partially dehydrated, polluted airflow 2 continues to move along a spiral trajectory. When it passes through the dehydration cylinder 4, the dust-laden droplets in the airflow gather on the inner wall of the dehydration cylinder and are then thrown onto the inner wall of the purifier through the dehydration tank, thus separating the airflow from the dust-laden droplets and achieving a second dehydration. The purified airflow after the two dehydrations is discharged from the air outlet 6.

[0044] After the first and second dehydration processes, the wastewater 5 collected on the inner wall of the purifier accumulates in the drain trough 7 at the bottom of the inner wall under the combined action of airflow and gravity, and is discharged from the drain trough 7. Since the drain trough 7 is connected to the outside, part of the airflow can be used to flush it. The wastewater 5 in the drain trough 7 continuously washes away the sludge at the bottom of the trough under the action of this airflow, effectively preventing sludge from settling and clogging the drain trough. The wastewater 5 in the drain trough is finally discharged from the drain outlet.

[0045] Four centrifugal dewatering machines are equipped with one belt conveyor, which is installed below the outlet of the centrifugal dewatering machines and the belt is semi-enclosed using steel plates. A wet cyclone dust collector is placed on one side behind the belt conveyor and connected to the main pipeline. Four branch pipelines branch off from the main pipeline and connect to the dust collection hoods, with four measuring points set at the connection points between the branch pipelines and the dust collection hoods. Field application results show that the total dust and respirable dust concentrations in the workshop before dust removal were 87.7-118.7 mg / m³. ３ and 59.8-79.2 mg / m ３ After dust removal, the concentration decreased to 2.9-3.2 mg / m³. ３ and 2.0-2.2 mg / m ３ The dust removal efficiency reaches over 96.3%.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering, characterized in that, include: The following components are arranged in sequence: water inlet pipe (9), impeller (1), conical rear plate (8), waterproof motor, swirl blades (3) and dewatering cylinder (4). The impeller (1) generates a high negative pressure driven by a waterproof motor to draw in dust-laden airflow. At the same time, it draws water from the inlet pipe (9) onto the conical rear plate (8) at the front end of the impeller (1) to form a water film. This captures the dust in one go. After the water flows into the dynamic Venturi channel between the blades, it is fully broken and atomized into fine droplets under mechanical action. Under the high-speed impact of the dynamic Venturi principle, the droplets combine with the dust particles to capture the dust. After the polluted airflow (2) passes through the dehydration cylinder (4), the dust-laden droplets are separated from the airflow. After dehydration and purification, the airflow is discharged from the outlet (6).

2. The purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The impeller (1) is an axial flow impeller with a cylindrical surface that is approximately concentric with the shaft. The airflow generated by the axial flow impeller moves along the axial direction.

3. The purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating surface of the blade of the impeller (1) is a cylindrical surface, which together with the impeller (1) forms a cylinder. The axis of this cylinder coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft. The airflow enters the blade radially and is discharged in a direction inclined at 45° to the axis.

4. The purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air purifier is 2100mm long and 980mm in diameter. Its air inlet (10) and air outlet (6) are 640mm in diameter. It uses an impeller (1) with a diameter of 800mm. The waterproof motor is a YBF3-22HS-4 explosion-proof three-phase asynchronous motor with a rated voltage, power and air volume of 660 / 1140V, 37kW and 530-550m³ / h respectively. 3 / min.

5. The purification and dust removal device for environmental engineering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The impeller (1) generates high negative pressure, changing the straight path of the airflow to a curved path of spiral trajectory around the inner wall of the purifier, increasing the binding distance and time of dust particles and droplet particles, and improving dust collection efficiency. The airflow passes through the swirl blades (3) and forms a water film on the blades, achieving three dust captures and one dehydration. The polluted airflow (2) moving in a spiral trajectory passes through the dehydration cylinder (4), and the dust droplets are separated from the airflow, achieving dehydration and purification before being discharged from the air outlet (6). The dust droplets separated from the dehydration cylinder (4) converge and are discharged from the sewage trough (7). After the dusty airflow enters the purifier, it achieves efficient dust removal and full dehydration through triple dust capture and double dehydration.

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