Biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive application system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy comprehensive utilization, and relates to a biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system and method, which comprises a biomass boiler, a gas compressor, a turbine, a generator, a solar preheating and humidifying unit, an energy storage and utilization unit and a heat and cold supply unit. Compressed humid air with high specific heat capacity and high heat transfer performance is prepared through the solar preheating and humidifying unit, the compressed humid air serves as a unified working medium carrier, flue gas heat of the biomass boiler is stably absorbed in the energy storage and utilization unit, temperature fluctuation is stabilized, and then high-quality heat energy is conveyed to a turbine to do work through expansion. And finally, turbine exhaust waste heat is recycled through the heating and cooling unit, multi-combined supply of cooling, heating and power is achieved, the working medium acting capacity is improved, compression power consumption is reduced, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, the system operation working condition is stabilized, the service life of equipment is prolonged, the power generation quality is guaranteed, and meanwhile full-process energy gradient utilization is achieved. And the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy comprehensive utilization technology, and relates to a gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system and method for indirect combustion of biomass. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass indirect combustion gas turbine technology, as a power generation technology that can effectively avoid biomass fuel ash corrosion and extend turbine blade life, has broad application prospects in the fields of distributed energy and efficient utilization of biomass energy. In recent years, with the development of multi-energy complementarity and advanced power cycle theory, this technology has gradually evolved towards high parameters and combined heat and power (CHP).

[0003] Currently, biomass indirect combustion gas turbine systems mainly include biomass boilers, compressors, high-temperature heat exchangers, turbines, and generator sets. Biomass is burned in the biomass boiler to produce high-temperature flue gas, which exchanges heat with clean turbine working fluid in the high-temperature heat exchanger. Afterward, the flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, driving the generator set to generate electricity. The dusty and corrosive flue gas produced by combustion only flows through the high-temperature heat exchanger, while the clean turbine working fluid circulates independently, achieving physical isolation between "combustion and working fluid". This reduces the risk of damage to the compressor and turbine blades caused by ash deposition, high-temperature corrosion, and particulate erosion.

[0004] However, in the actual operation of biomass indirect combustion systems, there are still some shortcomings: First, the variety of biomass fuels and the large fluctuations in moisture content can easily cause significant fluctuations in the temperature of flue gas generated by the external combustion furnace, leading to a shortened lifespan of the high-temperature heat exchanger and damage to the quality of power generation. Second, using air as the turbine working fluid, due to its relatively low specific heat capacity and poor heat transfer performance, can easily cause most of the work generated by the turbine to be consumed during the compression process, resulting in low output power and limited thermoelectric conversion efficiency. Third, only electrical energy is output, resulting in a large amount of waste heat resources being simply discharged or inefficiently utilized, failing to fully realize the potential of distributed energy systems in combined cooling, heating, and power generation, and leading to low overall energy utilization rate of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive energy utilization system and method for biomass indirect combustion gas turbine, which can stably control flue gas temperature, improve the heat transfer and power efficiency of the working fluid, realize combined cooling, heating and power, and improve the overall energy utilization rate and operational reliability of the system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy utilization system includes a biomass boiler, a compressor, a turbine and a generator, and further includes: The solar preheating and humidification unit includes a solar collector and a first heat exchanger, a spray tower and a first booster pump connected in sequence. The solar collector is connected to the first heat exchanger, and the spray tower is connected to the compressor. The first inlet of the first heat exchanger is used to introduce circulating water. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger and is heated by the solar collector. Then it enters the spray tower and mixes with the compressed air from the compressor to obtain compressed humid air. The unmixed circulating water is pressurized by the first booster pump and re-enters the first heat exchanger for circulation. The energy storage and utilization unit includes a cold storage tank, a second heat exchanger, a hot storage tank, and a third heat exchanger connected in sequence. The second heat exchanger is connected to a biomass boiler, and the third heat exchanger is connected to a spray tower. The cold storage tank stores a heat storage medium. The flue gas generated by the combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler enters the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank. After the heat storage medium is heated, it enters the hot storage tank for storage. The compressed humid air in the spray tower enters the third heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank. After the heat storage medium is cooled, it enters the cold storage tank for storage. The heated compressed humid air enters the turbine, expands, and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The heating and cooling unit is connected to the turbine and is used to provide heating and cooling to users by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work.

[0007] The invention is further characterized by: A fourth heat exchanger is installed between the spray tower and the third heat exchanger. The first inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the first outlet of the spray tower, the first outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the turbine.

[0008] The heating and cooling unit includes: a cooling component connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, used for cooling by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work; a first heating component connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, used for heating by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work; and a second heating component connected to the cooling component, used for heating by utilizing the waste heat after cooling.

[0009] The cooling system includes: a generator, with its first inlet connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and its first outlet connected to the second heating system; the generator storing refrigerant; a condenser, with its first inlet connected to the second outlet of the generator; an evaporator, with its first inlet connected to the first outlet of the condenser via a first expansion valve, and its second inlet and second outlet connected to users for providing cooling; an absorber, with its first inlet connected to the first outlet of the evaporator; and a heat exchanger, with its first inlet connected to the first outlet of the absorber via a second booster pump, its first outlet connected to the second inlet of the generator, its second inlet connected to the third outlet of the generator, and its second outlet connected to the second inlet of the absorber via a second expansion valve.

[0010] The first heating component includes a ternary heat exchanger, with its first inlet connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, its first outlet connected to the atmosphere, and its second inlet and second outlet connected to users for supplying heat to users.

[0011] The second heating component includes: a fifth heat exchanger, with its first inlet connected to the first outlet of the generator, its first outlet connected to the atmosphere, and its second inlet and second outlet connected to users for providing heat to users.

[0012] The outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger, the first outlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to the third inlet of the ternary heat exchanger, the third outlet of the ternary heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank, the second inlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to the water source, and the second outlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to the user, for supplying industrial steam to the user.

[0013] A seventh heat exchanger is provided between the first heat exchanger and the spray tower. The first inlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the first outlet of the first heat exchanger, the first outlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the spray tower, and the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the first outlet of the second heat exchanger.

[0014] The second outlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the flue gas purification device, the outlet of the flue gas purification device is connected to the atmosphere, and the first outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the flue gas purification device.

[0015] A method for the comprehensive utilization of biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy includes the following steps: The combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler produces high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas enters the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank. After the heat storage medium is heated by the heat exchange, it enters the heat storage tank for storage. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged after heat exchange. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger, is heated by the solar collector, and then enters the spray tower. Normal temperature and pressure air enters the compressor for compression to obtain medium temperature and high pressure air. The medium temperature and high pressure air enters the spray tower and mixes with heated circulating water to obtain medium temperature and high pressure humid air. The medium temperature and high pressure humid air enters the fourth heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger in sequence for heat exchange. The heat storage medium in the heat storage tank exchanges heat and cools down in the third heat exchanger before entering the cold storage tank for storage. The medium temperature and high pressure humid air exchanges heat and heats up to become high temperature and high pressure humid air. It enters the turbine to expand and do work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The high temperature and high pressure humid air becomes exhaust gas. After the exhaust gas enters the fourth heat exchanger for heat exchange and cooling, it enters the cooling component and the first heating component respectively. The cooling component uses the heat in the exhaust gas to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle, causing the refrigerant to change between dilute solution, concentrated solution and gaseous refrigerant to provide cooling for users. The first heating component uses the heat in the exhaust gas to provide heating for users. After the exhaust gas is cooled in the first heating component, it enters the second heating component to use the waste heat to provide heating for users, and then is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0016] The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800℃~1000℃, the temperature of the medium-temperature high-pressure air is 150℃~350℃ and the pressure is 0.4MPa~1.5MPa, the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure humid air is 700℃~900℃ and the pressure is 0.4MPa~1.5MPa, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is 400℃~600℃.

[0017] The biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system and method of the present invention has the following advantages: This invention prepares compressed humid air with high specific heat capacity and high heat transfer performance through a solar preheating and humidification unit. Using this as a unified working fluid, it stably absorbs heat from the flue gas of a biomass boiler in an energy storage and utilization unit, smoothing out temperature fluctuations. The high-quality heat energy is then transported to the turbine for expansion and work. Finally, the waste heat from the turbine exhaust is recovered through a heating and cooling unit, realizing combined cooling, heating and power generation. This not only improves the working fluid's work capacity, reduces compression power consumption, and increases thermoelectric conversion efficiency, but also stabilizes the system's operating conditions, extends equipment life, and ensures power generation quality. At the same time, it achieves cascaded energy utilization throughout the entire process, significantly improving the system's overall energy utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention.

[0021] Figure label: 1. Biomass boiler; 2. Compressor; 3. Turbine; 4. Energy storage and utilization unit; 5. Solar preheating and humidification unit; 6. Heating and cooling unit; 7. Flue gas purification device; 8. First heat exchanger; 9. Cold storage tank; 10. Heat storage tank; 11. Second heat exchanger; 12. Third heat exchanger; 13. Ternary heat exchanger; 14. Fourth heat exchanger; 15. Fifth heat exchanger; 16. Sixth heat exchanger; 17. Seventh heat exchanger; 18. First control valve; 19. Generator; 20. Heat exchanger; 21. First expansion valve; 22. First booster pump; 23. Absorber; 24. Evaporator; 25. Second expansion valve; 26. Condenser; 27. Spray tower; 28. Second booster pump; 29. ​​Solar collector; 30. Second control valve; 31. Third control valve; 32. Fourth control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be described clearly and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, this invention provides a biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy integrated utilization system, including a biomass boiler 1, a compressor 2, a turbine 3, and a generator. Its key feature is that it further includes a solar preheating and humidification unit 5, an energy storage and utilization unit 4, and a heating and cooling unit 6. The solar preheating and humidification unit 5 includes a solar collector 29 and a first heat exchanger 8, a spray tower 27, and a first booster pump 22 connected sequentially. The solar collector 29 is connected to the first heat exchanger 8, and the spray tower 27 is connected to the compressor 2. The first inlet of the first heat exchanger 8 is used to introduce circulating water. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger 8, is heated by the solar collector 29, and then enters the spray tower 27 to mix with compressed air from the compressor 2 to obtain compressed humid air. The unmixed circulating water is pressurized by the first booster pump 22 and re-enters the first heat exchanger 8. The energy storage and utilization unit 4 includes a cold storage tank 9, a second heat exchanger 11, a heat storage tank 10, and a third heat exchanger 12 connected in sequence. The second heat exchanger 11 is connected to the biomass boiler 1, and the third heat exchanger 12 is connected to the spray tower 27. The cold storage tank 9 stores a heat storage medium. The flue gas generated by the combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler 1 enters the second heat exchanger 11 and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank 9. After the heat storage medium is heated, it enters the heat storage tank 10 for storage. The compressed humid air in the spray tower 27 enters the third heat exchanger 12 and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank 9. After the heat storage medium is cooled, it enters the cold storage tank 9 for storage. The heated compressed humid air enters the turbine 3, expands, and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The heating and cooling unit 6 is connected to the turbine 3 and is used to use the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work to provide heating and cooling for users. This invention prepares compressed humid air with high specific heat capacity and high heat transfer performance through a solar preheating and humidification unit. Using this as a unified working fluid, it stably absorbs heat from the flue gas of a biomass boiler in an energy storage and utilization unit, smoothing out temperature fluctuations. The high-quality heat energy is then transported to the turbine for expansion and work. Finally, the waste heat from the turbine exhaust is recovered through a heating and cooling unit, realizing combined cooling, heating and power generation. This not only improves the working fluid's work capacity, reduces compression power consumption, and increases thermoelectric conversion efficiency, but also stabilizes the system's operating conditions, extends equipment life, and ensures power generation quality. At the same time, it achieves cascaded energy utilization throughout the entire process, significantly improving the system's overall energy utilization rate.

[0024] like Figure 2As shown, a fourth heat exchanger 14 is provided between the spray tower 27 and the third heat exchanger 12. The first inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the first outlet of the spray tower 27, the first outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the first inlet of the third heat exchanger 12, and the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the outlet of the turbine 3. By providing the fourth heat exchanger 14, the exhaust waste heat from the turbine 3 outlet can be used to preheat the compressed humid air at the outlet of the spray tower 27, thereby increasing the working fluid temperature entering the third heat exchanger 12, enhancing the working fluid's subsequent expansion and work-making capacity in the turbine 3, realizing energy pre-recovery and cascade utilization, and improving the system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the heating and cooling unit 6 includes a cooling component, a first heating component, and a second heating component. The cooling component is connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14. The cooling component is used to provide cooling by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work. The first heating component is connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 and is used to provide heating by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work. The second heating component is connected to the cooling component and is used to provide heating by utilizing the waste heat after cooling. Through the arrangement of the cooling component, the first heating component, and the second heating component, the waste heat from the turbine exhaust 3 discharged from the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 can be recovered and utilized in stages. First, the waste heat is used for cooling, and then the low-grade waste heat after cooling is used for heating, thereby maximizing the utilization of waste heat resources and significantly improving the overall energy utilization rate and combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) capability of the system.

[0026] like Figure 2As shown, the cooling assembly includes a generator 19, a condenser 26, an evaporator 24, an absorber 23, and a heat exchanger 20. The first inlet of the generator 19 is connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14, and the first outlet of the generator 19 is connected to the second heating assembly. The generator 19 stores refrigerant. The first inlet of the condenser 26 is connected to the second outlet of the generator 19. The first inlet of the evaporator 24 is connected to the first outlet of the condenser 26 via a first expansion valve 21. The second inlet and second outlet of the evaporator 24 are connected to users for providing cooling. The first inlet of the absorber 23 is connected to the first outlet of the evaporator 24, and the first inlet of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the absorber 26. The first outlet of the absorber 23 is connected to the second booster pump 28. The first outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the second inlet of the generator 19. The second inlet of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the third outlet of the generator 19. The second outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the second inlet of the absorber 23 through the second expansion valve 25. The generator 19, condenser 26, evaporator 24, absorber 23, heat exchanger 20 and corresponding pipelines are connected to form an absorption refrigeration cycle. The exhaust waste heat from the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 can be fully utilized to drive refrigeration, achieving efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat. At the same time, the solution is reheated through the heat exchanger 20, improving refrigeration efficiency and overall system energy utilization.

[0027] The refrigerant is either an aqueous solution of lithium bromide or an aqueous solution of ammonia.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the first heating component includes a ternary heat exchanger 13. The first inlet of the ternary heat exchanger 13 is connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14. The first outlet of the ternary heat exchanger 13 is connected to the atmosphere. The second inlet and second outlet of the ternary heat exchanger 13 are respectively connected to the user for heating the user. By using the ternary heat exchanger 13, the exhaust waste heat from the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 can be directly recovered and utilized to heat the user. The structure is simple, the heat exchange is stable, and the waste heat can be directly utilized, further improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the second heating component includes a fifth heat exchanger 15. The first inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 15 is connected to the first outlet of the generator 19. The first outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 15 is connected to the atmosphere. The second inlet and second outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 15 are respectively connected to the user for providing heat to the user. By using the fifth heat exchanger 15, the waste heat discharged from the generator 19 can be recovered and used to provide heat to the user, realizing the reuse of low-grade waste heat after cooling and further improving the overall utilization efficiency of waste heat in the system.

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the outlet of the heat storage tank 10 is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 16, the first outlet of the sixth heat exchanger 16 is connected to the third inlet of the ternary heat exchanger 13, the third outlet of the ternary heat exchanger 13 is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank 9, the second inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 16 is connected to a water source, and the second outlet of the sixth heat exchanger 16 is connected to a user for supplying industrial steam to the user. The sixth heat exchanger 16 can further recover the heat of the heat storage medium output from the heat storage tank 10 to prepare industrial steam, and after the heat storage medium is recooled by the ternary heat exchanger 13, it flows back to the cold storage tank 9, realizing the dual improvement of energy cascade utilization and heat storage medium circulation efficiency, and also improving the quality of heating.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, a seventh heat exchanger 17 is provided between the first heat exchanger 8 and the spray tower 27. The first inlet of the seventh heat exchanger 17 is connected to the first outlet of the first heat exchanger 8, the first outlet of the seventh heat exchanger 17 is connected to the first inlet of the spray tower 27, and the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger 17 is connected to the first outlet of the second heat exchanger 11. The seventh heat exchanger 17 can recover and utilize the waste heat of the flue gas at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 11 to reheat the circulating water output from the first heat exchanger 8, further increasing the temperature of the circulating water entering the spray tower 27, enhancing the humidification effect of compressed air, and improving the energy utilization rate of the system.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the second outlet of the seventh heat exchanger 17 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas purification device 7, and the outlet of the flue gas purification device 7 is connected to the atmosphere. The first outlet of the second heat exchanger 11 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas purification device 7. By introducing the flue gas after the heat is released from the seventh heat exchanger 17 and the second heat exchanger 11 into the flue gas purification device 7 for purification, the flue gas can be discharged in compliance with standards. At the same time, the waste heat of the flue gas can be fully utilized and environmental protection requirements can be met, thereby improving the environmental performance and energy utilization rate of the system.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a first control valve 18 is installed at the first outlet of the second heat exchanger 11 near the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger 17, and a second control valve 30 is installed at the first outlet of the second heat exchanger 11 near the flue gas purification device 7. The outlet of the heat storage tank 10 is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 16 and the second inlet of the third heat exchanger 12, respectively. A third control valve 31 is installed at the outlet of the heat storage tank 10 near the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 16, and a fourth control valve 32 is installed at the outlet of the heat storage tank 10 near the second inlet of the third heat exchanger 12.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for the comprehensive utilization of biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy, comprising the following steps: The combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler 1 produces high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas enters the second heat exchanger 11 and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank 9. After the heat storage medium is heated by the heat exchange, it enters the heat storage tank 10 for storage. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged after heat exchange. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger 8 and is heated by the solar collector 29 before entering the spray tower 27.

[0035] Normal temperature and pressure air enters compressor 2 for compression to obtain medium temperature and high pressure air. The medium temperature and high pressure air enters spray tower 27 and mixes with heated circulating water to obtain medium temperature and high pressure humid air. The medium temperature and high pressure humid air enters the fourth heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 12 in sequence for heat exchange. The heat storage medium in heat storage tank 10 is cooled down by heat exchange in the third heat exchanger 12 and then enters cold storage tank 9 for storage. After the medium temperature and high pressure humid air is heated by heat exchange, it becomes high temperature and high pressure humid air and enters turbine 3 to expand and do work to drive generator to generate electricity. The high temperature and high pressure humid air becomes exhaust gas.

[0036] After the exhaust gas enters the fourth heat exchanger 14 for heat exchange and cooling, it enters the cooling component and the first heating component respectively. The cooling component uses the heat in the exhaust gas to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle, so that the refrigerant changes between dilute solution, concentrated solution and gaseous refrigerant to provide cooling for users. The first heating component uses the heat in the exhaust gas to provide heating for users. After the exhaust gas is cooled in the first heating component, it enters the second heating component to provide heating for users using waste heat, and then is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0037] The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800℃~1000℃, the temperature of the medium-temperature high-pressure air is 150℃~350℃ and the pressure is 0.4MPa~1.5MPa, the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure humid air is 700℃~900℃ and the pressure is 0.4MPa~1.5MPa, the temperature of the exhaust gas is 400℃~600℃, and the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged into the atmosphere is 70℃~120℃.

[0038] Working principle: The combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler 1 produces high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas enters the second heat exchanger 11 and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank 9. After the heat storage medium is heated by the heat exchange, it enters the heat storage tank 10 for storage. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged after heat exchange. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger 8 and is heated by the solar collector 29 before entering the spray tower 27.

[0039] Normal temperature and pressure air enters compressor 2 for compression to obtain medium temperature and high pressure air. The medium temperature and high pressure air enters spray tower 27 and mixes with heated circulating water to obtain medium temperature and high pressure humid air. The medium temperature and high pressure humid air enters the fourth heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 12 in sequence for heat exchange. The heat storage medium in heat storage tank 10 is cooled down by heat exchange in the third heat exchanger 12 and then enters cold storage tank 9 for storage. After the medium temperature and high pressure humid air is heated by heat exchange, it becomes high temperature and high pressure humid air and enters turbine 3 to expand and do work to drive generator to generate electricity. The high temperature and high pressure humid air becomes high quality exhaust gas.

[0040] After the exhaust gas enters the fourth heat exchanger 14 for heat exchange and cooling, it enters the generator 19 and the ternary heat exchanger 13 respectively. The exhaust gas entering generator 19 serves as a driving heat source, heating the internal lithium bromide aqueous solution, causing the lithium bromide aqueous solution to release water vapor and transform into a concentrated lithium bromide solution. The water vapor enters condenser 26 and condenses into liquid. After being throttled and depressurized by the first expansion valve 21, it enters evaporator 24. The liquid water absorbs heat and evaporates in evaporator 24 to form water vapor, providing cooling for users. The water vapor obtained after the liquid water absorbs heat and evaporates enters absorber 23. At the same time, the concentrated lithium bromide solution in generator 19 enters heat exchanger 20. After heat exchange and temperature increase in heat exchanger 20, the concentrated lithium bromide solution is throttled by second expansion valve 25 and enters absorber 23. After absorbing water vapor in absorber 23, it reforms into a dilute lithium bromide solution, i.e., lithium bromide aqueous solution. The dilute lithium bromide solution is pressurized by second booster pump 28 and then enters heat exchanger 20 for heat exchange and temperature reduction before entering generator 19, completing the absorption refrigeration cycle.

[0041] The exhaust gas entering the ternary heat exchanger 13 directly exchanges heat with the user-side heating medium to provide the user with the first stage of heating. At the same time, the exhaust gas discharged from the first outlet of the generator 19, which has released water vapor and completed the refrigeration drive, continues to enter the fifth heat exchanger 15 to exchange heat with the user-side heating medium for the second time, realizing the reuse of the low-grade waste heat after refrigeration and providing the user with the second stage of heating. Finally, the exhaust gas after two heat exchanges is discharged into the atmosphere, realizing the cascade recovery and efficient utilization of the waste heat of the exhaust gas.

[0042] When the system is operating normally, i.e., when solar energy supply is sufficient, the first control valve 18 is closed, and the seventh heat exchanger 17 does not operate; only the first heat exchanger 8 operates. When sunlight is insufficient, the first control valve 18 is opened, the seventh heat exchanger 17 starts operating, and the first heat exchanger 8 stops operating. The biomass gas, cooled by heat exchange with the second heat exchanger 11, enters the seventh heat exchanger 17 to exchange heat with the circulating water, preheating the circulating water.

[0043] The biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system and method of the present invention has the following other advantages: First, by setting up a heat storage body between biomass gas and a high-temperature heat exchanger, the present invention utilizes its thermal inertia to smooth out peak and valley fluctuations in flue gas temperature generated by biomass combustion, and transforms unstable combustion heat into a constant-temperature heat source. This not only fundamentally eliminates the damage to the high-temperature heat exchanger caused by alternating thermal stress and extends the life of key equipment, but also ensures the constant temperature of the gas turbine inlet and guarantees the stability of the generator set's output power.

[0044] Secondly, this invention utilizes solar energy or low-grade waste heat to heat circulating water, which then humidifies compressed air in a spray tower, transforming the circulating working fluid from dry air with low specific heat capacity to humid air with high specific heat capacity. This process utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of water to absorb low-grade heat energy, significantly increasing the mass flow rate of the working fluid through the turbine without increasing compressor power consumption. This breaks through the efficiency bottleneck of traditional air circulation and achieves deep thermodynamic coupling between solar energy and biomass energy.

[0045] Third, this invention constructs a full-temperature-range energy cascade utilization system, realizing combined cooling, heating, and power generation. The system uses the high-grade heat energy generated by biomass combustion to drive turbine power generation, the high-quality exhaust gas from the turbine to drive absorption chiller units for cooling, and the low-temperature exhaust gas to be further used for domestic hot water or heating. Compared with a single power generation mode, this full-temperature-range energy cascade utilization method greatly improves the overall energy utilization rate of the system and significantly reduces the overall energy cost for users.

[0046] Fourth, the system of the present invention adopts an indirect combustion architecture, which physically isolates the combustion flue gas from the turbine working fluid through a high-temperature heat exchanger, completely avoiding the direct entry of biomass ash and tar into the turbine, preventing blade scaling and corrosion, and effectively solving the corrosion and wear problems of biomass fuel.

[0047] Fifth, this invention possesses flexible multi-mode operation capabilities and strong environmental adaptability. The system is designed with a complementary heating circuit of solar thermal collection and flue gas waste heat. When there is sufficient sunlight, solar energy is used to improve efficiency, while in the absence of sunlight or on cloudy or rainy days, flue gas waste heat is used to maintain humid air circulation. This all-weather operation mechanism allows the system to operate independently of specific weather conditions, making it widely applicable in distributed energy scenarios such as rural waste treatment and multi-energy complementarity in industrial parks, demonstrating broad application value.

[0048] It is understood that this invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of this invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this invention are within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy integrated utilization system, comprising a biomass boiler, a compressor, a turbine, and a generator, characterized in that, Also includes: The solar preheating and humidification unit includes a solar collector and a first heat exchanger, a spray tower and a first booster pump connected in sequence. The solar collector is connected to the first heat exchanger, and the spray tower is connected to the compressor. The first inlet of the first heat exchanger is used to introduce circulating water. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger and is heated by the solar collector. Then it enters the spray tower and mixes with the compressed air from the compressor to obtain compressed humid air. The unmixed circulating water is pressurized by the first booster pump and re-enters the first heat exchanger for circulation. The energy storage and utilization unit includes a cold storage tank, a second heat exchanger, a hot storage tank, and a third heat exchanger connected in sequence. The second heat exchanger is connected to a biomass boiler, and the third heat exchanger is connected to a spray tower. The cold storage tank stores a heat storage medium. The flue gas generated by the combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler enters the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank. After the heat storage medium is heated, it enters the hot storage tank for storage. The compressed humid air in the spray tower enters the third heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank. After the heat storage medium is cooled, it enters the cold storage tank for storage. The heated compressed humid air enters the turbine, expands, and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The heating and cooling unit is connected to the turbine and is used to provide heating and cooling to users by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work.

2. The biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fourth heat exchanger is provided between the spray tower and the third heat exchanger. The first inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the first outlet of the spray tower, the first outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the turbine.

3. The biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating and cooling unit includes: a cooling component connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, used for cooling by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work; a first heating component connected to the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, used for heating by utilizing the waste heat after the compressed humid air expands and does work; and a second heating component connected to the cooling component, used for heating by utilizing the waste heat after cooling.

4. A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling system includes: a generator, with a first inlet connected to the second outlet of a fourth heat exchanger, the first outlet of the generator connected to a second heating system, and the generator storing a refrigerant; a condenser, with a first inlet connected to the second outlet of the generator; an evaporator, with a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the condenser via a first expansion valve, the second inlet and second outlet of the evaporator respectively connected to users for providing cooling to users; an absorber, with a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the evaporator; and a heat exchanger, with a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the absorber via a second booster pump, the first outlet of the heat exchanger connected to the second inlet of the generator, the second inlet of the heat exchanger connected to the third outlet of the generator, and the second outlet of the heat exchanger connected to the second inlet of the absorber via a second expansion valve.

5. A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first heating component includes a ternary heat exchanger, with a first inlet connected to the second outlet of a fourth heat exchanger. The first outlet of the ternary heat exchanger is connected to the atmosphere, and the second inlet and second outlet of the ternary heat exchanger are respectively connected to the user for providing heat to the user.

6. A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second heating component includes: a fifth heat exchanger, with a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the generator, the first outlet of the fifth heat exchanger connected to the atmosphere, and the second inlet and second outlet of the fifth heat exchanger respectively connected to the user for providing heat to the user.

7. A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger, the first outlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to the third inlet of the ternary heat exchanger, the third outlet of the ternary heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank, the second inlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to a water source, and the second outlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to a user for supplying industrial steam to the user.

8. A biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A seventh heat exchanger is provided between the first heat exchanger and the spray tower. The first inlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the first outlet of the first heat exchanger, the first outlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the spray tower, the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the first outlet of the second heat exchanger, the second outlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of a flue gas purification device, the outlet of the flue gas purification device is connected to the atmosphere, and the first outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the flue gas purification device.

9. A method for the comprehensive utilization of biomass indirect combustion gas turbine energy, characterized in that, The system as described in claim 6 includes the following steps: The combustion of biomass in the biomass boiler produces high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas enters the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium from the cold storage tank. After the heat storage medium is heated by the heat exchange, it enters the heat storage tank for storage. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged after heat exchange. The circulating water enters the first heat exchanger, is heated by the solar collector, and then enters the spray tower. Normal temperature and pressure air enters the compressor for compression to obtain medium temperature and high pressure air. The medium temperature and high pressure air enters the spray tower and mixes with heated circulating water to obtain medium temperature and high pressure humid air. The medium temperature and high pressure humid air enters the fourth heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger in sequence for heat exchange. The heat storage medium in the heat storage tank exchanges heat and cools down in the third heat exchanger before entering the cold storage tank for storage. The medium temperature and high pressure humid air exchanges heat and heats up to become high temperature and high pressure humid air. It enters the turbine, expands and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The high temperature and high pressure humid air becomes exhaust gas. After the exhaust gas enters the fourth heat exchanger for heat exchange and cooling, it enters the cooling component and the first heating component respectively. The cooling component uses the heat in the exhaust gas to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle, causing the refrigerant to change between dilute solution, concentrated solution and gaseous refrigerant to provide cooling for users. The first heating component uses the heat in the exhaust gas to provide heating for users. After the exhaust gas is cooled in the first heating component, it enters the second heating component to use the waste heat to provide heating for users, and then is discharged into the atmosphere.

10. A method for comprehensive energy utilization of a gas turbine through indirect combustion of biomass according to claim 9, characterized in that, The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800℃~1000℃, the temperature of the medium-temperature high-pressure air is 150℃~350℃ and the pressure is 0.4MPa~1.5MPa, the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure humid air is 700℃~900℃ and the pressure is 0.4MPa~1.5MPa, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is 400℃~600℃.

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