Pre-charging control device and high-voltage pulse power supply

Abstract

The invention discloses a pre-charging control device and a high-voltage pulse power supply, and the device comprises an output capacitor common node control unit which is configured to control a part of switching tubes in each pulse generation network to be switched on in a pre-charging stage, so as to enable the low-voltage nodes or high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor to be connected with each other; the sampling and output voltage calculation unit is used for acquiring sampling voltage representing the voltage at the two ends of each output capacitor, and calculating the output voltage Vo of the high-voltage pulse power supply by using the following formula: Vo = M1 * K1 * VC1 + M2 * K2 * V2 +... + Mn * Kn * VCn; wherein VCn is the sampling voltage of the corresponding output capacitor, and kn is the reduction coefficient of the corresponding sampling voltage; mn is the voltage gain of the corresponding pulse generation network; and the comparison and judgment execution unit is used for comparing the calculated output voltage Vo with a preset output voltage, and when the calculated output voltage Vo and the preset output voltage tend to be equal, the pre-charging stage is controlled to be ended, and a pulse generation stage is entered. According to the invention, the pulse output voltage precision can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulse voltage technology, and in particular to a pre-charge control device and a high-voltage pulse power supply. Background Technology

[0002] Pulse voltage technology refers to storing energy for a relatively long period (defined as the pre-charging phase in this invention) and then rapidly releasing it as electrical energy within a very short time (defined as the pulse generation phase in this invention), thereby generating a high-voltage pulse. The essence of pulse voltage technology is to compress pulse energy on a time scale to obtain a high-voltage output within a short period (nanosecond to microsecond level).

[0003] To generate high-voltage output, a common approach, limited by component stress, is to employ a multi-winding transformer secondary winding scheme. This involves connecting or cascading the lower voltages of each secondary winding through subsequent circuitry to form a high-voltage output. However, this closed-loop output voltage control typically only provides feedback on the voltage of one secondary winding, thus stabilizing only that winding's voltage. Due to the transformer's non-ideal characteristics, variations in coupling and parasitic effects between windings lead to voltage deviations in each secondary winding and inconsistent voltages on the output capacitors. This results in errors in the pulse's starting voltage, especially with a large number of secondary windings, potentially causing overvoltage or undervoltage in the output voltage, ultimately leading to low output voltage accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pre-charge control device and a high-voltage pulse power supply to solve the problem of pulse output voltage accuracy in multi-winding structures.

[0005] As a first aspect of the present invention, the technical solution of the provided pre-charging control device is as follows: A pre-charge control device is applied to a high-voltage pulse power supply, the high-voltage pulse power supply comprising: a transformer, N secondary output units, and a main control device, wherein N is a natural number greater than 1; each secondary output unit includes a rectifier circuit, an output capacitor, and a pulse generation network, each output capacitor is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit, the first output terminal of the first pulse generation network is the first output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply, the second output terminal of the preceding pulse generation network is connected to the first output terminal of the following pulse generation network, and the second output terminal of the last pulse generation network is the second output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply; the main control device is configured to control the high-voltage pulse power supply to operate in the following two stages: During the pre-charging phase, each rectifier circuit is controlled to obtain AC energy through the secondary winding of the transformer and then convert it into DC energy, which is stored in the corresponding output capacitor. During the pulse generation phase, some of the switching transistors in each pulse generation network are turned on, causing each output capacitor to release energy in series, thereby generating an output voltage at the output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The output voltage is a high-voltage pulse voltage. The pre-charge control device includes: The output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the low-voltage nodes or high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are interconnected. The sampling and output voltage calculation unit is used to acquire the sampled voltage, which represents the magnitude of the voltage across each output capacitor, and calculates the output voltage Vo of the high-voltage pulse power supply using the following formula:

[0006] Where: VCn is the sampling voltage of the corresponding output capacitor, kn is the restoration coefficient of the corresponding sampling voltage; Mn is the voltage gain of the corresponding pulse generation network; The comparison and judgment execution unit is used to compare the calculated output voltage Vo with the preset output voltage. When the two tend to be equal, the pre-charging stage ends and the pulse generation stage begins.

[0007] Furthermore, the output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the low-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are connected to the reference ground of the main control device, and the sampling and output voltage calculation unit is connected to the high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor to obtain a sampling voltage characterizing the voltage across each output capacitor. Alternatively, the output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are connected to the reference ground of the main control device, and the sampling and output voltage calculation unit is connected to the low-voltage nodes of each output capacitor to obtain a sampling voltage characterizing the voltage across each output capacitor.

[0008] Furthermore, sampling voltages characterizing the voltage across each output capacitor are obtained by using resistive voltage divider sampling or voltage transformer sampling.

[0009] As a second aspect of the present invention, the technical solution of the provided high-voltage pulse power supply embodiment is as follows: A high-voltage pulse power supply, comprising: a transformer, N secondary-side output units, a main control device, and a pre-charge control device as described in any of the first aspects above, wherein N is a natural number greater than 1; each secondary-side output unit includes a rectifier circuit, an output capacitor, and a pulse generation network; each output capacitor is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit; the first output terminal of the first pulse generation network is the first output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply; the second output terminal of the preceding pulse generation network is connected to the first output terminal of the following pulse generation network; and the second output terminal of the last pulse generation network is the second output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply; the main control device is configured to control the high-voltage pulse power supply to operate in the following two stages: During the pre-charging phase, each rectifier circuit is controlled to obtain AC energy through the secondary winding of the transformer and then convert it into DC energy, which is stored in the corresponding output capacitor. During the pulse generation phase, some switches in each pulse generation network are turned on, causing each output capacitor to release energy in series, thereby generating an output voltage at the output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The output voltage is a high-voltage pulse voltage.

[0010] Optionally, each of the rectifier circuits is a full-bridge rectifier circuit.

[0011] Optionally, each pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, and each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor and a bridge arm. When the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit has only one stage, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network and is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network. When a half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit has two or more stages, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network and is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the bridge arm of the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together. The low-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the high-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm; the cathode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm; the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm; the midpoint of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network.

[0012] Optionally, each pulse generation network includes a first sub-pulse generation network and a second sub-pulse generation network; Each sub-pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and a bridge arm. When each sub-pulse generation network has only one stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. When each sub-pulse generation network has two or more half-bridge voltage multiplier circuits, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together. The high-voltage node is simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm; the anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the cathode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the midpoint of the bridge arm of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network; The output of the first sub-pulse generating network is the first output of the corresponding pulse generating network, and the output of the second sub-pulse generating network is the second output of the corresponding pulse generating network.

[0013] Optionally, each pulse generation network includes a first sub-pulse generation network and a second sub-pulse generation network; Each sub-pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and a bridge arm. When each sub-pulse generation network has only one stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to both the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. When each sub-pulse generation network has two or more half-bridge voltage multiplier circuits, the low-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are also connected. The low-voltage node of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to both the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. The output of the first sub-pulse generating network is the first output of the corresponding pulse generating network, and the output of the second sub-pulse generating network is the second output of the corresponding pulse generating network.

[0014] Optionally, each pulse generation network includes an H-bridge voltage multiplier circuit composed of switching transistors and energy storage capacitors. Each bridge arm includes two switching transistors. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm, the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor, and the high-voltage node of the second bridge arm are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm, the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor, and the low-voltage node of the second bridge arm are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the rectifier circuit. The midpoint of the first bridge arm is the first output terminal of the pulse generation network, and the midpoint of the second bridge arm is the second output terminal of the pulse generation network.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the pre-charging stage, this invention samples the voltage of each output capacitor by turning on some of the switching transistors of each pulse generation network. This controls the initial output voltage of the high-voltage pulse power supply to tend towards the preset output voltage, achieving precise control of the pulse amplitude. This solves the problem of low output voltage accuracy in multi-winding structure pulse output. Furthermore, the control method is simple and suitable for most pulse generation networks composed of switching devices and energy storage devices. It can obtain stable high-amplitude precision high-voltage pulses and has a very wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a specific schematic diagram of the pre-charge control device of the first embodiment of this application applied to a high-voltage pulse power supply; Figure 2 for Figure 1 An equivalent solution; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse power supply containing the specific structure of the first pulse generation network in the second embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first extension of the pulse generation network; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the second extension of the pulse generation network; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse power supply with a second pulse generation network specific structure, as shown in the second embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse power supply that includes a third pulse generation network specific structure in the second embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be used interchangeably where appropriate for the purposes of describing embodiments of this application herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0019] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application may be combined with each other.

[0020] It should be understood that in the specification, claims, and drawings, when a step is described as continuing into another step, the step may directly continue into that other step or be continued into that other step through a third step; when an element / unit is described as "continuing" into another element / unit, the element / unit may be "directly connected" to that other element / unit or "connected" to that other element / unit through a third element / unit.

[0021] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0022] The high-voltage pulse power supply applicable to this invention includes: a transformer, N secondary output units, and a main control device, where N is a natural number greater than 1; each secondary output unit includes a rectifier circuit, an output capacitor, and a pulse generation network, with each output capacitor connected in parallel to the output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit; the first output terminal of the first pulse generation network is the first output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply, the second output terminal of the preceding pulse generation network is connected to the first output terminal of the following pulse generation network, and the second output terminal of the last pulse generation network is the second output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply; the main control device is configured to control the high-voltage pulse power supply to operate in the following two stages: During the pre-charging phase, each rectifier circuit is controlled to obtain AC energy through the secondary winding of the transformer and then convert it into DC energy, which is stored in the corresponding output capacitor. During the pulse generation phase, some switches in each pulse generation network are turned on, causing each output capacitor to release energy in series, thereby generating an output voltage at the output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. This output voltage is the high-voltage pulse voltage.

[0023] It should be noted that the high-voltage pulse power supply of the present invention can be unipolar or bipolar, that is, the first output terminal can output both positive and negative voltage relative to the second output terminal.

[0024] The primary winding of the transformer in the aforementioned high-voltage pulse power supply is connected to an AC power source. This AC power source can be directly supplied by the mains power or obtained by converting a DC power source through an inverter circuit. If it is obtained by converting a DC power source through an inverter circuit, the topology used by the inverter circuit is not required by this invention. Those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs, for example, a half-bridge LLC inverter circuit can be selected.

[0025] The present invention does not require the above-mentioned rectifier circuit to be used, as long as it can rectify the AC power output from the secondary winding into DC power to charge the output capacitor. Those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs, for example, a full-bridge rectifier circuit can be selected.

[0026] The present invention does not require the above-mentioned pulse generation network, but it should have at least one switching transistor, so that the intermittent discharge of each output capacitor in series can be controlled by controlling the conduction and cutoff of the switching transistor, so that the output voltage of the high voltage pulse power supply is a pulse voltage. In specific implementation, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs. Some optional solutions will also be given in the second embodiment below.

[0027] The control of turning on some switches in each pulse generation network during the pulse generation stage is related to the pulse width, frequency, and amplitude of the high-voltage pulse power supply output voltage. In practice, those skilled in the art can control the driving sequence and driving duration of the switches in the pulse generation network according to the target pulse width, frequency, and amplitude of the high-voltage pulse power supply output voltage.

[0028] First Embodiment This embodiment provides a pre-charge control device applied to the aforementioned high-voltage pulse power supply. The pre-charge control device includes: The output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the low-voltage nodes or high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are interconnected. The sampling and output voltage calculation unit is used to acquire the sampled voltage, which represents the magnitude of the voltage across each output capacitor, and calculates the output voltage Vo of the high-voltage pulse power supply using the following formula: (Formula 1) Where: VCn is the sampling voltage of the corresponding output capacitor, kn is the restoration coefficient of the corresponding sampling voltage; Mn is the voltage gain of the corresponding pulse generation network, that is, the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage of the corresponding pulse generation network; the value of Kn is related to the output voltage of the rectifier circuit and is determined by the characteristics of the sampling circuit itself. For example, when using resistor voltage divider sampling or voltage transformer sampling, the sampling voltage is obtained after attenuation according to a set attenuation ratio. Therefore, amplification is required to achieve restoration. The design of the sampling circuit is a well-known technology, and those skilled in the art can choose it as needed. This invention does not require it; the value of Mn depends on the order of the pulse generation network ( Figure 4 The number of stages in the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is determined by the characteristics of the pulse generation network itself. For example, the pulse output voltage can be a certain multiple of the rectified input voltage through the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The comparison and judgment execution unit is used to compare the calculated output voltage Vo with the preset output voltage. When the two are close to equal, the pre-charging stage ends and the pulse generation stage begins.

[0029] Figure 1For a specific schematic diagram of the pre-charge control device of the first embodiment of this application applied to a high-voltage pulse power supply, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The rectifier circuits Rn, the corresponding output capacitors Cn, and the corresponding transformer secondary windings An are combined into a single power supply. The functions of the main control device and the pre-charge control device are implemented through the sampling circuits Sn and controllers corresponding to each output capacitor, where n is 1, 2, ... n. Figure 1 The high-voltage pulse power supply includes a multi-winding power supply unit Un, a pulse generation network Pn, a sampling circuit Sn, and a controller; one end of the output capacitor Cn is the high-voltage node Hn after rectification by the rectifier circuit, and the other end is the low-voltage node Ln after rectification by the rectifier circuit; the pulse generation network Pn includes switching devices, diodes, and energy storage capacitors; Figure 1 The period during which the secondary windings of each transformer charge the corresponding output capacitor Cn and the energy storage capacitor in the corresponding pulse generation network is called the pre-charging stage.

[0030] Figure 1 The pre-charge control device in the circuit includes: Output capacitor common node control unit, integrated in Figure 1 In the controller, it is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the low-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are connected to the main control device. Figure 1 The reference ground G of the controller (in the middle) is connected to the low-voltage nodes L1, L2...Ln of the output capacitor Cn and the reference ground G of the controller. The sampling and output voltage calculation unit is connected to the high-voltage node of each output capacitor to obtain the sampling voltage that represents the voltage across each output capacitor, i.e., to sample the voltage on each output capacitor Cn, and then use the above formula 1 to calculate the output voltage Vo of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The comparison and judgment execution unit is integrated into Figure 1 In the controller, the calculated output voltage Vo is compared with the preset output voltage. When the two are close to equal, the pre-charging stage ends and the pulse generation stage begins. This ensures that the amplitude of the pulse voltage output by the high-voltage pulse power supply is equal to the preset amplitude, thereby improving the accuracy of the output voltage.

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An equivalent scheme, and Figure 1 The difference is that, Figure 2During the pre-charging phase, each output capacitor Cn is connected to the controller's reference ground via a high-voltage node Hn, and the sampling circuit Sn is connected to the low-voltage node Ln of the output capacitor Cn. When the sampling circuit Sn samples the voltage on each output capacitor Cn, the sampled voltage obtained directly is a negative voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to convert this negative voltage into a positive voltage so that it can be used in the calculation to obtain the output voltage. This scheme can also achieve the goal of improving the accuracy of the output voltage.

[0032] Second Embodiment This embodiment provides a high-voltage pulse power supply, including: a transformer, N secondary output units, a main control device, and any one of the pre-charge control devices in the first embodiment, where N is a natural number greater than 1; the structure of each secondary output unit and the function of the main control device have been described above and will not be repeated here. Because this embodiment includes any one of the pre-charge control devices in the first embodiment, the high-voltage pulse power supply can improve the output voltage accuracy.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse power supply containing the specific structure of the first pulse generation network in the second embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the secondary winding has 2 windings, the rectifier circuit is a full-bridge rectifier structure, and the output capacitor CAn is one of the pulse generation energy storage capacitors. Each pulse generation network also includes a first bridge arm composed of switching transistors SAn and SBn, and a first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a bridge arm composed of diode Dn, energy storage capacitor CBn, and switching transistors SCn and SDn. The value of n is 1 in the first pulse generation network and 2 in the second pulse generation network. Similar descriptions can be deduced sequentially below without further explanation. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are also shown. The anodes of the diodes are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network and is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathodes of the diodes in the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network.

[0034] Figure 3 The high-voltage pulse power supply operates in the following two stages under the control of the main control device: During the pre-charging phase, the control rectifier circuit operates, thereby providing energy for charging the energy storage capacitors CA1, CB1, CA2, and CB2. Pulse generation phase: During pulse generation, power is typically supplied only by the energy stored in the energy storage capacitors, not by the primary power supply. Therefore, the operation of the rectifier circuit is not required during this phase. For each pulse generation network, to improve the output voltage gain, the preferred control strategy is to select all high-voltage switching transistors in each pulse generation network to conduct simultaneously for a certain duration. Specifically, switching transistors SA1, SC1, SA2, and SC2 are selected to conduct simultaneously for a certain duration. When these switching transistors are simultaneously conducting, output capacitor CA1, energy storage capacitor CB1, output capacitor CA2, and energy storage capacitor CB2 discharge in series. The current path is: first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → load → second output terminal of pulse generation network P2. →Output capacitor CA2→Switch SA2→Energy storage capacitor CB2→Switch SC2→First output terminal of pulse generation network P2→Second output terminal of pulse generation network P1→Output capacitor CA1→Switch SA1→Energy storage capacitor CB1→Switch SC1→First output terminal of pulse generation network P1, Vo outputs a positive pulse, the magnitude of which is the sum of the voltages of output capacitor CA1, energy storage capacitor CB1, output capacitor CA2, and energy storage capacitor CB2. Since the voltages across output capacitor CA1 and energy storage capacitor CB1 are equal, and the voltages across output capacitor CA2 and energy storage capacitor CB2 are equal, the voltage gain M1 of pulse generation network P1 = the voltage gain M2 of pulse generation network P2 = 2.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention Figure 3 During the pre-charging phase, the circuit selects to turn on all low-voltage switches in each pulse generation network, specifically switches SB1, SD1, SB2, and SD2. This ensures that the DC power output from each rectifier circuit is not affected while simultaneously charging the output capacitors CA1, CB1, CA2, and CB2. It also connects the low-voltage nodes L1 and L2 of the output capacitors CA1 and CA2 in the pulse generation network to the control reference ground G. The sampling circuit Sn is connected to the high-voltage node Hn of the output capacitor CAn. During the pre-charging phase, the voltage across each output capacitor CAn is sampled. Since the voltage gain M1 of pulse generation network P1 equals the voltage gain M2 of pulse generation network P2 (which is 2), the output voltage Vo is obtained according to Formula 1: When the output voltage Vo and the preset output voltage tend to be equal, the charging of the output capacitor CAn and the energy storage capacitor CBn in the pulse generation network stops, the pre-charging stage ends, and the pulse generation stage begins, ready to start pulse generation.

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 3The first extended schematic diagram of the pulse generation network shows that the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit has two additional stages. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network and is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the first... The low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm; the anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, and the cathode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the midpoint of the bridge arm of the last stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network. Because... Figure 4 Compared to Figure 3 The half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit has two additional stages, therefore its voltage gain M1 = 2 + 2 = 4. The output voltage Vo is obtained according to Formula 1: .

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A second extended schematic diagram of the pulse generation network, wherein each pulse generation network includes a first sub-pulse generation network and a second sub-pulse generation network; Each sub-pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and a bridge arm. When each sub-pulse generation network has only one stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. When each sub-pulse generation network has two or more half-bridge voltage multiplier circuits, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together. The high-voltage node is simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm; the anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the cathode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the midpoint of the bridge arm of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network; The output of the first sub-pulse generating network is the first output of the corresponding pulse generating network, and the output of the second sub-pulse generating network is the second output of the corresponding pulse generating network.

[0038] Figure 5 Because each pulse generation network includes a first sub-pulse generation network and a second sub-pulse generation network, the high-voltage pulse power supply can achieve positive and negative bipolar pulse output. Figure 5 During the pre-charging phase, all low-voltage switching transistors are connected. At this time, the low-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are connected together. Output voltage accuracy is improved through sampling, calculation, comparison, and judgment. Its pulse generation phase control strategy is similar to... Figure 3 They are different.

[0039] Figure 5 When the circuit outputs a positive pulse, the selected switching transistors are: SA1-1, SC1-1, SB1-2, SD1-2, SA2-1, SC2-1, SB2-2, and SD2-2. The discharge current path of each energy storage capacitor is as follows: first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → load → second output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → SD2-2 → SB2-2 → energy storage capacitors CA2-2 and CA2-1 → SA2-1 → energy storage capacitor CB2-1 → SC2-1 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → second output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → SD1-2 → SB1-2 → energy storage capacitors CA1-2 and CA1-1 → SA1-1 → energy storage capacitor CB1-1 → SC1-1 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P1.

[0040] Figure 5 When the circuit outputs a negative pulse, the selected switching transistors are: SB1-1, SD1-1, SA1-2, SC1-2, SB2-1, SD2-1, SA2-2, and SC2-2. The discharge current path of each energy storage capacitor is as follows: the second output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → load → the first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → SD1-1 → SB1-1 → energy storage capacitors CA1-1 and CA1-2 → SA1-2 → energy storage capacitor CB1-2 → SC1-2 → the second output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → the first output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → SD2-1 → SB2-1 → energy storage capacitors CA2-1 and CA2-2 → SA2-2 → energy storage capacitor CB2-2 → SC2-2 → the second output terminal of pulse generation network P2.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse power supply containing a second type of pulse generation network specific structure in the second embodiment of this application, which is related to... Figure 5 The difference lies in the connection relationships of the diodes and energy storage capacitors in each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit in the sub-pulse generation network. Specifically, Figure 6The connection relationships are as follows: When each sub-pulse generation network has only one stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the cathode of the diode in the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The anode of the diode in the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. When each sub-pulse generation network has two or more stages of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the cathode of the diode in the first stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The diode in the first stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit... The anode of the diode in the next stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to both the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the first stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the first stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are both connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The cathode of the diode in the next stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the previous stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The anode of the diode in the next stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to both the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the next stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the next stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are both connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the previous stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the last stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. The output terminal of the first sub-pulse generation network is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network, and the output terminal of the second sub-pulse generation network is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network.

[0042] Figure 6 During the pre-charging phase, the circuit needs to select and turn on all the high-voltage switching transistors in each pulse generation network. This will not affect the DC power output of each rectifier circuit, which simultaneously charges each output capacitor and each energy storage capacitor. However, since the output capacitors of each pulse generation network are connected to high-voltage nodes, each sampling circuit samples a negative voltage, which needs to be converted to a positive voltage before calculating the output voltage.

[0043] Figure 6 The high-voltage pulse power supply of the circuit and Figure 5Similarly, it can also achieve positive and negative high-voltage pulse output. When outputting a positive pulse, the selected switching transistors are: SC1-1, SA1-1, SB1-2, SD1-2, SC2-1, SA2-1, SB2-2, and SD2-2. The current path for discharging each energy storage capacitor is as follows: first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → load → second output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → SD2-2 → energy storage capacitor CB2-2 → SB2-2 → energy storage capacitors CA2-2 and CA2-1 → SA2-1 → SC2-1 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → second output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → SD1-2 → energy storage capacitor CB1-2 → SB1-2 → energy storage capacitors CA1-2 and CA1-1 → SA1-1 → SC1-1 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P1. When a negative pulse is output, the selected switching transistors are: SD1-1, SB1-1, SA1-2, SC1-2, SD2-1, SB2-1, SA2-2, and SC2-2. The discharge current path of each energy storage capacitor is as follows: the second output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → load → the first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → SD1-1 → energy storage capacitor CB1-1 → SB1-1 → energy storage capacitors CA1-1 and CA1-2 → SA1-2 → SC1-2 → the second output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → the first output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → SD2-1 → energy storage capacitor CB2-1 → SB2-1 → energy storage capacitors CA2-1 and CA2-2 → SA2-2 → SC2-2 → the second output terminal of pulse generation network P2.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse power supply including a third pulse generation network specific structure in the second embodiment of this application. Figure 3 The difference lies in that each pulse generation network includes an H-bridge voltage multiplier circuit composed of switching transistors and energy storage capacitors. Each bridge arm includes two switching transistors. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm, the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor, and the high-voltage node of the second bridge arm are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm, the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor, and the low-voltage node of the second bridge arm are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the rectifier circuit. The midpoint of the first bridge arm is the first output terminal of the pulse generation network, and the midpoint of the second bridge arm is the second output terminal of the pulse generation network.

[0045] Figure 7During the pre-charging phase, the circuit selects to turn on all low-voltage switching transistors in each pulse generation network, specifically SB1, SD1, SB2, SD2..., SBn, SDn. This not only avoids affecting the DC power output of each rectifier circuit while simultaneously charging each output capacitor CAn and each energy storage capacitor CBn, but also connects the low-voltage nodes L1, L2...Ln of all output capacitors C1, C2...Cn in the pulse generation network to the control reference ground G. This allows the circuit to sample the voltage of each output capacitor, calculate the output voltage using Formula 1, and compare it with the preset output voltage. When the output voltage Vo and the preset output voltage tend to be equal, the pre-charging phase ends, and the pulse generation phase begins. Figure 7 The circuit's high-voltage pulse power supply can also achieve positive and negative high-voltage pulse output. When outputting a positive pulse, the selected conducting switches are: SC1, SB1, SC2, SB2...SCn, SBn; the discharge current path of each energy storage capacitor is: first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → load → second output terminal of pulse generation network Pn → SBn → energy storage capacitor CBn → SCn → first output terminal of pulse generation network Pn → ... → second output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → SB2 → energy storage capacitor CB2 → SC2 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → second output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → SB1 → energy storage capacitor CB1 → SC1 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P1. When a negative pulse is output, the selected switching transistors are: SD1, SA1, SD2, SA2...SDn, SAn. The discharge current path of each energy storage capacitor is as follows: second output terminal of pulse generation network Pn → load → first output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → SD1 → energy storage capacitor CB1 → SA1 → second output terminal of pulse generation network P1 → first output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → SD2 → energy storage capacitor CB2 → SA2 → second output terminal of pulse generation network P2 → ... → first output terminal of pulse generation network Pn → SDn → energy storage capacitor CBn → SAn → second output terminal of pulse generation network Pn.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as a limitation of this application. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of this application. Here, the embodiments will not be repeated. The protection scope of this application should be determined by the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A pre-charge control device, applied to a high-voltage pulse power supply, the high-voltage pulse power supply comprising: A transformer, N secondary output units, and a main control device, where N is a natural number greater than 1; Each secondary output unit includes a rectifier circuit, an output capacitor, and a pulse generating network. Each output capacitor is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The first output terminal of the first pulse generating network is the first output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The second output terminal of the preceding pulse generating network is connected to the first output terminal of the following pulse generating network. The second output terminal of the last pulse generating network is the second output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The main control device is configured to control the high-voltage pulse power supply to operate in the following two stages: During the pre-charging phase, each rectifier circuit is controlled to obtain AC energy through the secondary winding of the transformer and then convert it into DC energy, which is stored in the corresponding output capacitor. During the pulse generation phase, some of the switching transistors in each pulse generation network are turned on, causing each output capacitor to release energy in series, thereby generating an output voltage at the output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The output voltage is a high-voltage pulse voltage. The pre-charge control device is characterized in that it comprises: The output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the low-voltage nodes or high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are interconnected. The sampling and output voltage calculation unit is used to obtain the sampled voltage representing the magnitude of the voltage across each output capacitor, and calculates the output voltage Vo of the high-voltage pulse power supply using the following formula: ； Where: VCn is the sampling voltage of the corresponding output capacitor, kn is the restoration coefficient of the corresponding sampling voltage; Mn is the voltage gain of the corresponding pulse generation network; The comparison and judgment execution unit is used to compare the calculated output voltage Vo with the preset output voltage. When the two tend to be equal, the pre-charging stage ends and the pulse generation stage begins.

2. The pre-charge control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the low-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are connected to the reference ground of the main control device, and the sampling and output voltage calculation unit is connected to the high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor to obtain a sampling voltage characterizing the voltage across each output capacitor. Alternatively, the output capacitor common node control unit is configured to control the conduction of some switches in each pulse generation network during the pre-charging phase, so that the high-voltage nodes of each output capacitor are connected to the reference ground of the main control device, and the sampling and output voltage calculation unit is connected to the low-voltage nodes of each output capacitor to obtain a sampling voltage characterizing the voltage across each output capacitor.

3. The pre-charge control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampled voltage, which characterizes the voltage across each output capacitor, is obtained by using a resistor divider sampling method or a voltage transformer sampling method.

4. A high-voltage pulse power supply, characterized in that, The high-voltage pulse power supply includes: a transformer, N secondary output units, a main control device, and a pre-charge control device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, where N is a natural number greater than 1; each secondary output unit includes a rectifier circuit, an output capacitor, and a pulse generation network, with each output capacitor connected in parallel to the output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit, the first output terminal of the first pulse generation network being the first output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply, the second output terminal of the preceding pulse generation network being connected to the first output terminal of the following pulse generation network, and the second output terminal of the last pulse generation network being the second output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply; the main control device is configured to control the high-voltage pulse power supply to operate in the following two stages: During the pre-charging phase, each rectifier circuit is controlled to obtain AC energy through the secondary winding of the transformer and then convert it into DC energy, which is stored in the corresponding output capacitor. During the pulse generation phase, some switches in each pulse generation network are turned on, causing each output capacitor to release energy in series, thereby generating an output voltage at the output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply. The output voltage is a high-voltage pulse voltage.

5. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the rectifier circuits is a full-bridge rectifier circuit.

6. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and a bridge arm. When the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit has only one stage, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network and is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network. When a half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit has two or more stages, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is the second output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network and is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the bridge arm of the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together. The low-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the high-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm; the cathode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm; the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm; the midpoint of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit's arm is the first output terminal of the corresponding pulse generation network.

7. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each pulse generation network includes a first sub-pulse generation network and a second sub-pulse generation network; Each sub-pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and a bridge arm. When each sub-pulse generation network has only one stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. When each sub-pulse generation network has two or more half-bridge voltage multiplier circuits, the high-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together. The high-voltage node is simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm; the anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the cathode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit; the midpoint of the bridge arm of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network; The output of the first sub-pulse generating network is the first output of the corresponding pulse generating network, and the output of the second sub-pulse generating network is the second output of the corresponding pulse generating network.

8. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each pulse generation network includes a first sub-pulse generation network and a second sub-pulse generation network; Each sub-pulse generation network includes a first bridge arm and a multi-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and a bridge arm. When each sub-pulse generation network has only one stage of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit, the low-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the cathode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The anode of the diode of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to both the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. When each sub-pulse generation network has two or more half-bridge voltage multiplier circuits, the low-voltage node of the first bridge arm and the cathode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm is connected to the first output terminal of the corresponding rectifier circuit. The anode of the diode in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is simultaneously connected to the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm in the first-stage half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are also connected. The low-voltage node of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The anode of the diode in the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is connected to both the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the low-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage node of the bridge arm of the subsequent half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit are connected to the midpoint of the bridge arm of the preceding half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the last half-bridge voltage multiplier circuit is the output terminal of the corresponding sub-pulse generation network. The output of the first sub-pulse generating network is the first output of the corresponding pulse generating network, and the output of the second sub-pulse generating network is the second output of the corresponding pulse generating network.

9. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each pulse generation network includes an H-bridge voltage multiplier circuit composed of switching transistors and energy storage capacitors. Each bridge arm includes two switching transistors. The high-voltage node of the first bridge arm, the high-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor, and the high-voltage node of the second bridge arm are connected together and then connected to the first output terminal of the rectifier circuit. The low-voltage node of the first bridge arm, the low-voltage node of the energy storage capacitor, and the low-voltage node of the second bridge arm are connected together and then connected to the second output terminal of the rectifier circuit. The midpoint of the first bridge arm is the first output terminal of the pulse generation network, and the midpoint of the second bridge arm is the second output terminal of the pulse generation network.

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