Layer 1 and layer 2 triggered mobility measurements

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a reference signal. The UE may start a Layer 1 (L1) measurement based at least in part on the first Layer 3 (L3) measurement. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and to techniques and apparatus for layer 1 and layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) measurements. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies that enable communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is an enhancement set of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with network nodes via downlink and uplink communication. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication link from the network node to the UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via local links (e.g., sidelinks (SL), wireless local area network (WLAN) links, and / or wireless personal area network (WPAN) links, etc.).

[0004] The aforementioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at the city, country, region, and / or global levels. New Radio (NR) (which may be referred to as 5G) is an enhancement set to the LTE mobile standard issued by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by: improving spectrum efficiency; reducing costs; improving service; utilizing new spectrum; and better integrating with other open standards by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) on the downlink (CP-OFDM), and CP-OFDM and / or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink; and supporting beamforming, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technologies and carrier aggregation. Further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include receiving a reference signal. The method may include initiating a Layer 1 (L1) measurement based at least in part on a Layer 3 (L3) measurement.

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by a UE. This method may include receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB). This method may include initiating an SSB measurement based at least in part on the expiration of a timing advance (TA) timer.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by a UE. This method may include selecting a certain number of supported simultaneous channel state information (CSI) calculations for L1 measurements. This method may include transmitting an indication of the number.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by a UE. This method may include selecting one or more resources in a Layer 1 and Layer 2 triggered Mobility Reference Signaling Resource Set for measurements of a specific cell (SpCell) using a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), an SSB Identifier (ID), and frequency information. This method may include receiving one or more resources. This method may include transmitting one or more measurements to one or more resources.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured individually or collectively to cause the UE to receive a reference signal. The one or more processors may be configured individually or collectively to cause the UE to initiate an L1 measurement at least in part based on a first L3 measurement.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured individually or collectively to enable the UE to receive an SSB. The one or more processors may be configured individually or collectively to enable the UE to initiate an SSB measurement at least in part based on the expiration of a TA timer.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured individually or collectively to enable the UE to select a number of supported CSI calculations for L1 measurements. The one or more processors may be configured individually or collectively to enable the UE to transmit an indication of the number.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to enable the UE to select one or more resources in an LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of the SpCell using PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to enable the UE to receive the one or more resources. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to enable the UE to transmit one or more measurements of the one or more resources.

[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to receive a reference signal. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to initiate an L1 measurement at least in part based on a first L3 measurement.

[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions causes the UE to receive an SSB (Service Subsequent Bus). When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions causes the UE to initiate an SSB measurement at least in part based on the expiration of a TA (Task Timer).

[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, this set of instructions enables the UE to select a certain number of supports for L1 measurements while CSI calculation is performed. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, this set of instructions enables the UE to send an indication of the number.

[0016] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to select one or more resources in an LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of the SpCell using PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to receive one or more resources. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to transmit one or more measurements of one or more resources.

[0017] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving a reference signal. The apparatus may include components for initiating an L1 measurement based at least in part on a first L3 measurement.

[0018] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving SSBs. The apparatus may include components for initiating SSB measurements at least in part based on the expiration of a TA timer.

[0019] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for selecting a certain number of supports for simultaneous CSI calculation for L1 measurement. The apparatus may also include components for transmitting an indication of the number.

[0020] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for selecting one or more resources in an LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of the SpCell using PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information. The apparatus may include components for receiving the one or more resources. The apparatus may include components for transmitting one or more measurements of the one or more resources.

[0021] The entirety of the terms includes methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description and illustrated as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0022] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been summarized rather extensively above in order to better understand the detailed description below. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, in both their organization and manner of operation, and the associated advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each drawing provided in the drawings is for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a limitation of the definitions in the claims.

[0023] While aspects are described herein by way of example, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or package arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user equipment, vehicles, communication equipment, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). The aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user equipment of various sizes, shapes, and configurations. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To gain a full understanding of the foregoing features of this disclosure, a more specific description of the invention, briefly outlined above, can be obtained by referring to various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope, as other equally valid aspects are permissible in this description. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a Layer 1 / Layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) process according to this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of performing an LTM measurement according to this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of performing an LTM measurement according to this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the ability to calculate LTM channel state information according to the instructions of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a special cell measurement according to this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at the UE or a device of the UE, according to this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at the UE or a device of the UE, according to this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at the UE or a device of the UE, according to this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at the UE or a device of the UE, according to this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 14 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0039] In Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) scenarios, user equipment (UE) can collect L1 measurements. L1 measurements may occur frequently and can consume UE processing resources. Furthermore, due to the nature of the physical layer and the periodicity of L1 measurements, the UE may handover to and from LTM cells too frequently. Therefore, some communication may not be optimal. Suboptimal communication levels can increase latency and waste signaling resources.

[0040] Based on the various aspects described herein, a UE may initiate L1 measurements at least in part based on L3 measurements. For example, if the absolute value of an L3 measurement of the serving cell does not meet a measurement threshold for L3 measurements, the UE may initiate L1 measurements. Then, when the absolute value of another L3 measurement does meet the measurement threshold, the UE may stop L1 measurements.

[0041] L3 measurements are performed over longer periods and can mitigate short-term fluctuations. L3 measurements can be beam-level or cell-level. L3 measurements indicate beam strength trends more accurately than L1 measurements. By using L3 measurements to determine when to start and stop L1 measurements, the UE has a better chance of performing LTM handover at the correct time. This improves communication, thereby reducing latency and saving signaling resources. When more frequent and extensive L1 measurements are not required, the UE can also avoid performing and processing such measurements. Therefore, the UE can save signaling resources.

[0042] Various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any particular structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of protection of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatuses or methods implemented using structures, functions, or structures and functions other than or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0043] Various devices and techniques will now be used to illustrate several aspects of a telecommunications system. These devices and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0044] Although terms generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) Radio Access Technology (RAT) may be used herein to describe aspects, aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or 5G and later (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or elements of a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, etc. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), one or more UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. Network node 110 is a network node that communicates with UE 120. As shown, network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, network node 110 can be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, network node 110 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0046] In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes such as RU that communicate with UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes such as DU that communicate with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul or midhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes such as CU that communicate with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or with the core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 (such as aggregated network node 110 or decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. Network node 110 may include, for example, NR base stations, LTE base stations, Node Bs, eNBs (e.g., in 4G), gNBs (e.g., in 5G), access points, Transmit / Receive Points (TRPs), DUs, RUs, CUs, network mobility elements, core network nodes, network elements, network equipment, RAN nodes, or combinations thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 can interconnect with each other or with one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network through various types of fronthaul interfaces, midhaul interfaces, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks).

[0047] In some examples, network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), depending on the context of terminology use, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 and / or the network node subsystem serving that coverage area. Network node 110 may provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or another type of cell. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with the femtocell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). Network node 110 used for macrocells may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 110 used for picocells may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 used for femtocells can be referred to as a femtocell network node or a home network node. Figure 1In the example shown, network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. Network nodes may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographical area of ​​the cells may move depending on the location of the mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0048] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to an aggregated base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, DU, RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which may be located in the same geographical location or different geographical locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeatedly perform at least a portion of that function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions can be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one base station function rather than another. In this way, a single device can include more than one base station.

[0049] Wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive data transmissions from upstream nodes (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit data to downstream nodes (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions to other UE 120s. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. The network node 110 for relay communication may be referred to as a relay station, relay base station, relay network node, relay node, repeater, etc.

[0050] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different effects on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0051] Network controller 130 may be coupled to or communicate with network node set 110, and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. Network controller 130 may communicate with network nodes 110 via a backhaul or midhaul link. Network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other, or indirectly via a wireless or wired backhaul link. In some aspects, network controller 130 may be a CU or core network device, or may include a CU or core network device.

[0052] UE 120 may be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may include, for example, access terminals, terminals, mobile stations, and / or subscriber units. UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a GPS device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0053] Some UEs 120 may be considered Machine-Type Communication (MTC) or Evolved or Enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, remote devices, sensors, instruments, monitors, and / or location tags that can communicate with network nodes, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment. UEs 120 may be housed within a housing containing components such as processor components and / or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0054] Generally, any number of wireless networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network 100 can support a specific RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency in a given geographical area can support a single RAT to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0055] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary device to communicate with each other). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0056] Devices in Wireless Network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in Wireless Network 100 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6GHz” band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although this is different from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as a “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0057] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands used for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0058] Considering the examples above, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "below 6 GHz" is used herein, it can broadly refer to frequencies below 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency bands. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency bands, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band. Modifications to frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) are contemplated, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0059] In some respects, the UE (e.g., UE 120) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive a reference signal. The communication manager 140 may initiate an L1 measurement based at least in part on a first L3 measurement.

[0060] In some respects, the communication manager 140 may receive a synchronization signal block (SSB). The communication manager 140 may initiate an SSB measurement based at least in part on the expiration of the TA timer.

[0061] In some respects, the communication manager 140 may select a certain number of simultaneous channel state information (CSI) calculations supported for L1 measurements. The communication manager 140 may send an indication of the number.

[0062] In some respects, the communication manager 140 may use the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), SSB Identifier (ID), and frequency information to select one or more resources in the LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of a specific cell (SpCell); and receive one or more resources. The communication manager 140 may transmit one or more measurements to one or more resources. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0063] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating example 200 of communication between network node 110 and UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to this disclosure. Network node 110 may be equipped with antenna sets 234a to 234t, such as... T One antenna ( T ≥1). UE 120 may be equipped with antenna sets 252a to 252r, such as R One antenna ( R ≥1). Network node 110 of Example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antenna 234 and modem 232. In some examples, network node 110 may include an interface, communication components, or another component that facilitates communication with UE 120 or another network node. Some network node 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0065] At network node 110, transmitting processor 220 can receive data from data source 212 intended for use by UE 120 (or UE set 120). Transmitting processor 220 can select one or more modulation and decoding schemes (MCS) for UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 can process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for UE 120 and can provide data symbols for UE 120. Transmitting processor 220 can process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitting processor 220 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols where applicable, and can process a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T The output symbol streams are provided to the corresponding set 232 of modems (e.g., ...). T Each modem 232a to 232t can be used to process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. For example, each output symbol stream can be provided to a modulator component (MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 can use a corresponding modulator component to process the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 can also use a corresponding modulator component to process the output sample stream (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or up-convert) to obtain a downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t can be used via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T A collection of downlink signals (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t) is used to transmit downlink signals. T (One downlink signal).

[0066] At UE 120, the antenna set 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) can receive downlink signals from network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and can transmit the set of received signals (e.g., R The received signals) are provided to the modem in a set of 254 (e.g., REach modem 254 (shown as modems 254a to 254r) may receive a signal. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from modem 254, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide the detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor can determine parameters such as the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and / or CQI. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0067] Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include one or more devices, for example, in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with network node 110 via communication unit 294.

[0068] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc., or may be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), collections of coplanar antenna elements, collections of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or coupled to one or more transmitting and / or receiving components (such as...). Figure 2 One or more antenna elements (one or more components in a )

[0069] On the uplink, at UE 120, the transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reporting including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 can be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266 where applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of UE 120 may include a modulator and demodulator. In some examples, UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and / or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to execute this document (e.g., reference). Figures 4 to 14 ( ) any aspect of the method described in the method.

[0070] At network node 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232 (shown as DEMOD)), detected by MIMO detector 236, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receiver processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Network node 110 may include communication unit 244 and may communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Network node 110 may include scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communication. In some examples, modem 232 of network node 110 may include modulator and demodulator. In some examples, network node 110 includes transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to execute this document (e.g., reference). Figures 4 to 14 ( ) any aspect of the method described in the method.

[0071] As described in more detail elsewhere in this document, the controller / processor of the network entity (e.g., controller / processor 240 of network node 110), controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with LTM measurements. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component that can execute or direct, for example Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 Process 1000 Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 The operation of process 1200 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program code for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions may cause the one or more processors, UE 120 and / or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., direct execution, or execution after compilation, transformation and / or interpretation). Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 Process 1000 Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 The operation of process 1200 and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0072] In some aspects, the UE (e.g., UE 120) includes: components for receiving a reference signal; and / or components for initiating an L1 measurement based at least in part on a first L3 measurement.

[0073] In some aspects, the UE includes: components for receiving SSB; and / or components for initiating SSB measurement based at least in part on the expiration of the TA timer.

[0074] In some aspects, the UE includes: components for selecting a certain number of supports for simultaneous CSI calculation for L1 measurement; and / or components for transmitting an indication of the number.

[0075] In some aspects, the UE includes: components for selecting one or more resources in the LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of the SpCell using PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information; components for receiving the one or more resources; and / or components for transmitting one or more measurements of the one or more resources. Components for the UE to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communication manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0076] In some respects, a single processor can perform all the functions described as being performed by that one or more processors. In other respects, the one or more processors can jointly perform a set of functions. For example, a first group(s) of the one or more processors can perform a first function described as being performed by that one or more processors, and a second group(s) of the one or more processors can perform a second function described as being performed by that one or more processors. The first group and the second group of processors can be the same group of processors or can be different groups of processors. The reference to "one or more processors" should be understood as referring to a combination of functions. Figure 2 Any one or more processors described. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as those in conjunction with... Figure 2 The memory described. For example, a function described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0077] Although Figure 2 The boxes in the diagram are illustrated as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0078] As indicated above, Figure 2 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0079] The deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems can be arranged in a variety of ways using various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment can be implemented in either a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, access point (AP), TRP, or cell, etc.) or one or more units (or components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone base station or monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. A "network entity" or "network node" can refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or combinations thereof).

[0080] Aggregated base stations (e.g., aggregated network nodes) can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or cell). Decomposed base stations (e.g., decomposed network nodes) can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more cells (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, the CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as a virtual cell, such as a Virtual Central Unit (VCU), a Virtual Distributed Unit (VDU), or a Virtual Radio Unit (VRU), etc.

[0081] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in IAB networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed individually. Decomposed base stations can include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality virtually implemented for at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. Each unit of a decomposed base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0082] Figure 3This is an illustration of an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units (such as near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as via an F1 interface). Each DU 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding fronthaul link. Each RU 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via a corresponding radio frequency (RF) access link. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0083] Each unit in the cells (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340), as well as the near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO frame 305, may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each unit in the cell, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more units in other cells via transmission media. In some examples, each unit in the cell may include a wired interface and a wireless interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more units in other cells via a wired transmission media, and the wireless interface may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more units in other cells via a wireless transmission media, or both.

[0084] In some aspects, the CU 310 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC) functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions managed by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP) functions), control plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP) functions), or combinations thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling purposes, as needed.

[0085] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit comprising one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as those implemented by one or more modules for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), Digital Beamforming, or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0086] Each RU 340 can implement low-level functionality. In some deployments, an RU 340 controlled by a DU 330 can correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, based on function splitting (e.g., function splitting defined by 3GPP) (such as low-level function splitting). In such architectures, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration allows each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0087] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with cloud computing platforms such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RTTRIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with 4G RAN hardware aspects such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 311 via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0088] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, through data collection and actions, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 325.

[0089] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0090] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0091] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example 400 of a mobility (LTM) process triggered by layer 1 / layer 2 (L1 / L2) according to this disclosure.

[0092] In some examples, network node 110 may command UE 120 to change serving cells, such as when UE 120 leaves the coverage of its current serving cell (sometimes referred to as the source cell) and moves toward the coverage of a neighboring cell (sometimes referred to as the target cell). In some cases, network node 110 may instruct UE 120 to use an L3 handover procedure to change cells. The L3 handover procedure may include: network node 110 sending an RRC reconfiguration message to UE 120 instructing UE 120 to perform a handover procedure to the target cell. This RRC reconfiguration message may be sent in response to UE 120 providing an L3 measurement report to network node 110, which indicates signal strength measurements associated with various cells (e.g., measurements associated with the source cell and one or more neighboring cells). In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, UE 120 may communicate with the source cell and the target cell to detach from the source cell and connect to the target cell (e.g., UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the target cell). Once the handover is complete, the target cell can communicate with the User Plane Function (UPF) of the core network to instruct the UPF to switch the user plane path of UE 120 from the source cell to the target cell. The target cell can also communicate with the source cell to indicate that the handover is complete and the source cell can be released.

[0093] Because of the multiple RRC reconfiguration messages and / or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover process, the L3 handover process can be associated with high latency and high overhead. Therefore, in some examples, the UE 120 may be configured to perform lower-layer (e.g., L1 and / or L2) handover processes, sometimes referred to as LTM processes, such as... Figure 4 The example 400 LTM process is shown. (As shown) Figure 4 As shown, the LTM process can include four phases: LTM preparation phase, early synchronization phase (in... Figure 4 The LTM phase is shown as “early synchronization”, the LTM execution phase, and / or the LTM completion phase.

[0094] During the LTM preparation phase and as shown by reference numeral 405 in the attached figure, UE 120 may be in an RRC connected state with the source cell (sometimes referred to as...). RRC_Connected As shown by reference numeral 410 in the attached figure, UE 120 can send and network node 110 can receive measurement reports (sometimes referred to as...). Measurement Report The measurement report may be an L3 measurement report. This report may indicate signal strength measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) or similar measurements associated with the source cell and / or one or more neighboring cells. In some examples, based at least in part on this measurement report or other information, network node 110 may decide to use LTM, and therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 415, network node 110 may initiate LTM candidate preparation.

[0095] As shown by reference numeral 420 in the attached figure, network node 110 can send and UE 120 can receive RRC reconfiguration messages (sometimes referred to as...). RRCReconfiguration The RRC reconfiguration message may include LTM candidate configurations. More specifically, the RRC reconfiguration message may indicate the configuration of one or more LTM candidate target cells, which may be candidate cells to become the serving cell of the UE and / or cells that the UE 120 may later trigger to perform an LTM procedure on. As shown by reference numeral 425, the UE 120 may store the configuration of one or more LTM candidate cell configurations and, in response, may send an RRC reconfiguration complete message (sometimes referred to as...) to the network node 110. RRCReconfigurationComplete information).

[0096] During the early synchronization phase, and as indicated by reference numeral 430, UE 120 may optionally perform downlink / uplink synchronization with a candidate cell associated with one or more LTM candidate cell configurations. For example, UE 120 may perform downlink synchronization and early timing acquisition with one or more candidate target cells before receiving an LTM handover command (described in more detail below with reference numeral 445). In some respects, performing early synchronization with one or more candidate cells can reduce the latency associated with performing the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure later in the LTM process, which is described in more detail below with reference numeral 455.

[0097] During the LTM execution phase, and as indicated by reference numeral 435, UE 120 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate target cells, and thus may send a lower-layer (e.g., L1) measurement report to network node 110. As indicated by reference numeral 440, based at least in part on this lower-layer measurement report, network node 110 may decide to perform an LTM cell handover to the target cell. Therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 445, network node 110 may send, and UE 120 may receive, a Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) or similar message that triggers an LTM cell handover (this MAC CE or similar message is sometimes referred to herein as a cell handover command). The cell handover command may include an indication of a candidate configuration index associated with the target cell. As indicated by reference numeral 450, based at least in part on receiving the cell handover command, UE 120 may switch to the configuration of the LTM candidate target cell (e.g., UE 120 may detach from the source cell and apply the target cell configuration). Furthermore, as shown by reference numeral 455, UE 120 may perform a RACH procedure toward a target cell, such as when the timing associated with the target cell is unavailable in advance (e.g., in an example where UE 120 does not perform an early synchronization as described above in conjunction with reference numeral 430).

[0098] During the LTM completion phase and as indicated by reference numeral 460 in the attached figure, UE 120 may indicate successful completion of the LTM cell handover to the target cell. In this way, the cell handover to the target cell can be performed with less overhead than the L3 handover procedure, and / or the cell handover to the target cell is associated with lower latency compared to the L3 handover procedure.

[0099] In some LTM scenarios, the UE may collect L1 measurements (e.g., physical layer RSRP, RSRQ, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), RSSI). L1 measurements may be performed frequently and can consume UE processing resources. Furthermore, due to the nature of the physical layer and the periodicity of L1 measurements, the UE may hand over and leave LTM cells too frequently. Therefore, some communication may not be optimal. Suboptimal communication levels can increase latency and waste signaling resources.

[0100] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The descriptions are different.

[0101] Figure 5This is a diagram illustrating example 500 of performing LTM measurements according to this disclosure. Example 500 also illustrates network entities 510 (e.g., network node 110), network entity 515 (e.g., network node 110), and UE 520 (e.g., UE 120) that can communicate with each other via a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). Network entity 510 may be a candidate cell. Network entity 515 may be a serving cell. UE 520 may be configured for LTM.

[0102] Based on the various aspects described herein, UE 520 may initiate L1 measurements at least in part based on L3 measurements (at the RRC layer). For example, if the absolute value of an L3 measurement of the serving cell does not meet the measurement threshold used for L3 measurements, the UE may initiate L1 measurements. Then, when the absolute value of another L3 measurement does meet the measurement threshold, the UE may stop L1 measurements.

[0103] L3 measurements are performed over longer periods and can mitigate short-term fluctuations. L3 measurements can be beam-level or cell-level. L3 measurements indicate beam strength trends more accurately than L1 measurements. By using L3 measurements to determine when to start and stop L1 measurements, the UE has a better chance of performing LTM handover at the correct time. This improves communication, thereby reducing latency and saving signaling resources. When more frequent and extensive L1 measurements are not required, the UE can also avoid performing and processing such measurements. Therefore, the UE can save signaling resources.

[0104] Example 500 illustrates the use of L3 measurements to determine when to perform L1 measurements as part of LTM. As shown by reference numeral 525, network entities 510 and 515 may transmit reference signals. As shown by reference numeral 530, UE 520 may obtain measurements of the reference signals, including L3 measurements. UE 520 may derive L3 measurements from measurements that may include L1 measurements. UE 520 may obtain L3 measurements 532 for network entities 510 (candidate cell) and / or network entity 515 (serving cell). UE 520 may compare L3 measurements 532 with a first threshold 534 (e.g., a signal strength threshold). If the L3 measurements do not meet the first threshold 534 (e.g., L3 measurements are below the first threshold 534, beam strength decreases), UE 520 may begin obtaining L1 measurements (or increase L1 measurements), as shown by reference numeral 535. UE 520 may obtain L1 measurements 536.

[0105] Conditions such as beam, channel, or environment may change. If conditions improve and L3 measurement 538 meets (e.g., meets or exceeds) a first threshold 534, UE 520 may stop L1 measurement, as indicated by reference numeral 540. In some aspects, UE 520 may stop L1 measurement when L3 measurement meets a second threshold 542 (e.g., a signal strength value higher than the first threshold 534), which can help mitigate fluctuations in these values. As indicated by reference numeral 545, UE 520 may perform LTM handover to network entity 510 (candidate cell) based at least in part on L1 and / or L3 measurements. For example, if L1 and / or L3 measurements show a stronger beam from the candidate cell, UE 520 may request a handover from the serving cell to the candidate cell.

[0106] In some respects, the comparison with the first threshold 534 may involve the absolute value of network entity 515 (serving cell). If the serving cell beam in L3 is weak (does not meet the first threshold 534), then UE 520 may begin measuring candidate cells in L1. If the serving cell beam in L3 is strong (meets the first threshold 534), then UE 520 may stop measuring candidate cells in L1.

[0107] In some respects, UE 520 can determine the difference in L3 measurements between the serving cell and the candidate cell. UE 520 can compare this difference to a difference threshold. If the candidate cell is better than the serving cell in L3 by the difference threshold, UE 520 can begin measuring the candidate cell in L1. When the candidate cell in L1 is worse than the serving cell in L3 by the difference threshold, UE 520 can stop measuring the candidate cell.

[0108] In some respects, the comparison with the first threshold 534 may involve the absolute value of network entity 510 (candidate cell). If the candidate cell beam in L3 is strong, UE 520 may begin measuring candidate cells in L1. If the serving cell beam in L3 is weak, UE 520 may stop measuring candidate cells in L1.

[0109] As indicated above, Figure 5 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0110] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example 600 of performing LTM measurements according to this disclosure.

[0111] When synchronizing communication timing, the UE can use the TA (Transmission Time) to account for propagation time. In some aspects, for UE-based TA measurements, to reduce complexity and improve the accuracy of TA acquisition, the UE 520 can obtain SSB measurements from both the candidate cell and the serving cell after a timer (e.g., TA timer 602) expires. TA timer 602 can be a legacy TA timer or a dedicated UE-based TA timer. By using the TA timer to start and stop SSB measurements, the UE 520 can reduce the complexity of adjusting the TA.

[0112] Example 600 illustrates the use of TA timer 602 for SSB measurement. As shown by reference numeral 605, network entity 510 (candidate cell) and / or network entity 515 (serving cell) may send an SSB. As shown by reference numeral 610, UE 520 may begin SSB measurement when TA timer 602 expires.

[0113] As shown by reference numeral 615, UE 520 can reset the TA timer. As shown by reference numeral 620, when a TA command is received, UE 520 can stop SSB measurements from both the candidate cell and the serving cell when resetting the TA timer. As shown by reference numeral 625, UE 520 can perform LTM handover based at least in part on SSB measurements. For example, if SSB measurements show a stronger beam from the candidate cell, UE 520 can request a handover from the serving cell to the candidate cell.

[0114] In some respects, the UE can measure the SSB at a certain number of SSB timings 614 after the SSB measurement is triggered. This can be considered with DL timing difference filtering. The number 614 can be configured by an instruction from network entity 515, as indicated by reference numeral 630, or obtained from stored configuration information (e.g., specified in the standard).

[0115] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0116] Figure 7 This is an example 700 illustrating the capability of LTM CSI calculation according to the instructions of this disclosure.

[0117] In some aspects, for LTM measurements of inter-cell mobility (e.g., L1 measurements), as indicated by reference numeral 705, the UE 520 may optionally support the number 706 of simultaneous LTM CSI calculations (e.g., with parameters). This is a UE capability of UE 520. LTM CSI calculation includes the calculation of CSI involving at least one candidate cell.

[0118] UE 520 may select the quantity 706 based at least in part on the history of LTM measurements and the processing time used for LTM measurements. UE 520 may select the quantity 706 based at least in part on the rate of LTM measurements. UE 520 may select the quantity 706 based at least in part on other LTM or non-LTM operations being performed at UE 520.

[0119] In some respects, UE 520 can select the quantity 706 as the quantity per CC (e.g., parameter). simultaneousCSI-ReportsPerCC In some respects, quantity 706 may include only LTM CSI calculations. In other respects, quantity 706 may include both LTM CSI calculations and non-LTM calculations.

[0120] In some respects, UE 520 can select the number 706 as the sum across multiple CCs (e.g., parameters across all configured CCs). simultaneousCSI-ReportsAllCC In some respects, quantity 706 may include only LTM CSI calculations. In other respects, quantity 706 may include both LTM CSI calculations and non-LTM calculations.

[0121] In some respects, when more L1 CSI reports than can be sent in the uplink channel are indicated to the UE 520, and when L1 CSI reports used for LTM candidate cell measurements (e.g., LTM CSI reports configured based on LTM CSI reports) overlap with legacy L1 CSI reports used for serving cell measurements (e.g., non-LTM CSI reports configured based on legacy CSI reports), LTM CSI reports are expected to take precedence over non-LTM CSI reports. For example, if capacity is insufficient to send both CSI reports, the UE 520 may send LTM CSI reports in the uplink channel and discard non-LTM CSI reports. In some respects, prioritization rules may be applied to LTM CSI reports with different time-domain types (e.g., periodic on PUCCH, semi-persistent on PUCCH, semi-persistent on PUSCH, or aperiodic on PUCCH). For example, the priority order of CSI reports (highest priority to lowest priority) can be aperiodic, semi-persistent on PUSCH, semi-persistent on PUCCH, and periodic on PUCCH. UE520 may send an LTM CSI report only if the LTM CSI report and non-LTM CSI report have the same time-domain type, and if there is insufficient capacity to send two CSI reports, the non-LTM CSI report in the uplink channel is discarded.

[0122] As indicated by reference numeral 710 in the attached figure, UE 520 can send an indication of quantity 706. By indicating the capacity for LTM CSI calculation, UE 520 can better inform network entity 515, enabling network entity 515 to request an appropriate amount of CSI over a period of time. In this way, UE 520 can avoid overburdening its processing resources used for LTM CSI.

[0123] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0124] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example 800 including SpCell measurements according to this disclosure.

[0125] In some respects, UE 520 can determine when to include LTM measurements (e.g., L1 measurements) for a SpCell. A SpCell may include the primary cell among the serving cell and / or candidate cells. A SpCell may also include primary / secondary cells or secondary cell groups (SCGs) among the serving cell and / or candidate cells.

[0126] UE 520 can be configured with LTM reference signal (RS) resource set 806 (e.g., LTM-CSI-SSB resource set, such as...). LTM-CSI-SSB-ResourceSet This includes the measurement resources to be measured (e.g., RS). However, it is unclear whether UE 520 intends to select resources from the LTM-CCSI-SSB resource set for the measurement of SpCell.

[0127] In some respects, UE 520 can use the cell's PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information to select resources in the LTM-CSI-SSB resource set, as shown in reference numeral 805. Including resources for the SpCell can be explicit. For example, by explicitly including the SpCell in the measurement's RS set, resources for the measurement can be expected to be... LTM-CSI-SSB-ResourceSet This includes resources for the PCI, SSB ID, and SSB frequency used in SpCell.

[0128] In some respects, resources used for SpCell can be implicit. When the UE 520 is configured with SpCell, it includes parameters (e.g., RRC parameters). SpCellInclusionWhen using LTM-CSI-SSB-ResourceSet, it can include SpCell measurements by default, where the PCI, SSB ID, and SSB frequency of the candidate cell are equal to or correspond to the SpCell. SpCell measurements can be entries in the LTM-CSI-SSB resource set, where the PCI and frequency information of the candidate cell are equal to the PCI and frequency information of the current SpCell. Frequency information can include the SSB frequency, Absolute Radio Channel Number (ARFCN), and Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN).

[0129] As shown by reference numeral 810, UE 520 can receive selected resources (e.g., RS). As shown by reference numeral 815, UE 520 can use resources to perform measurements of the SpCell. As shown by reference numeral 820, UE 520 can transmit measurements of the resources.

[0130] By explicitly or implicitly including resources for SpCell in the LTM CSI-SSB resource set, the UE 520 knows when to include SpCell measurements. This improves LTM operations involving SpCell, reducing latency and saving signaling resources.

[0131] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0132] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 900 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 520) performs operations associated with LTM measurements.

[0133] like Figure 9 As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving a reference signal (block 910). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The receiving component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306 depicted above can receive a reference signal, as described above. Figure 5 As described.

[0134] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include initiating L1 measurement at least in part based on the first L3 measurement (box 920). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 1306 described above can initiate L1 measurements at least in part based on the first L3 measurement, as described above. Figure 5 As described.

[0135] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0136] In a first aspect, the first L3 measurement includes L3 measurement for the serving cell, and initiating L1 measurement includes initiating L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the first L3 measurement not satisfying a first threshold.

[0137] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 900 includes stopping the L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a first threshold.

[0138] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 900 includes stopping the L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold.

[0139] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the first L3 measurement includes L3 measurement for the serving cell, and initiating L1 measurement includes initiating L1 measurement based at least in part on the difference between the first L3 measurement and the second L3 measurement satisfying a first threshold.

[0140] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 900 includes stopping the L1 measurement at least in part based on the difference not meeting a first threshold.

[0141] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the first L3 measurement includes L3 measurement for the candidate cell, and initiating L1 measurement includes initiating L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the first L3 measurement not satisfying a first threshold.

[0142] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, process 900 includes stopping the L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a first threshold.

[0143] In the eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 900 includes stopping the L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold.

[0144] In the ninth aspect, L1 measurement is associated with LTM, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects.

[0145] although Figure 9An example box for process 900 is shown, but in some respects, process 900 may include... Figure 9 The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 900 may be executed in parallel.

[0146] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 520) performs operations associated with LTM measurements.

[0147] like Figure 10 As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving an SSB (block 1010). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The receiving component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306 depicted above can receive SSBs, as described above. Figure 6 As described.

[0148] like Figure 10 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include initiating SSB measurement (box 1020) at least in part based on the expiration of the TA timer. For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 1306 described above can initiate SSB measurements at least in part based on the expiration of the TA timer, as described above. Figure 6 As described.

[0149] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0150] In the first aspect, process 1000 includes resetting the TA timer and stopping the SSB measurement based at least in part on the reset of the TA timer.

[0151] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, initiating SSB measurement includes starting SSB measurement at a certain number of SSB timings after the TA timer expires.

[0152] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1000 includes receiving an indication of the number of SSB timings.

[0153] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, initiating SSB measurement includes initiating SSB measurement of the serving cell and candidate cells.

[0154] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the TA timer is a dedicated UE-based timer.

[0155] although Figure 10 An example box for process 1000 is shown, but in some respects, process 1000 may include... Figure 10 The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1000 may be executed in parallel.

[0156] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 520) performs operations associated with LTM CSI calculation.

[0157] like Figure 11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include selecting a certain number of supports for simultaneous CSI calculation for L1 measurement (box 1110). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 1306 described above can select a certain number of simultaneous CSI calculations supported for L1 measurements, as described above. Figure 7 As described.

[0158] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include sending an indication of quantity (box 1120). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The transmitting component 1304 and / or communication manager 1306 described above can transmit an indication of quantity, as in conjunction with the above. Figure 7 As described.

[0159] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0160] In the first aspect, L1 measurements are associated with inter-cell mobility.

[0161] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, this quantity is specific to CC.

[0162] In the third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the quantity is the sum across multiple CCs.

[0163] In the fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the quantity includes LTM CSI calculations and non-LTM CSI calculations.

[0164] In the fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the quantity includes LTM CSI calculations but excludes non-LTM CSI calculations.

[0165] although Figure 11 An example box of process 1100 is shown, but in some respects, process 1100 may include... Figure 11 The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1100 may be executed in parallel.

[0166] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 1200 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 520) performs operations associated with SpCell LTM measurements.

[0167] like Figure 12 As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include using PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information to select one or more resources in the LTM reference signal resource set for the measurement of SpCell (box 1210). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 1306 described above can use PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information to select one or more resources in the LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of the SpCell, as described above. Figure 8 As described.

[0168] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving one or more resources (box 1220). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The receiving component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306 described above can receive one or more resources, as combined with the above description. Figure 8 As described.

[0169] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include sending one or more measurements to one or more resources (box 1230). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The sending component 1304 and / or communication manager 1306 described above can send one or more measurements to one or more resources, as combined with the above description. Figure 8As described.

[0170] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0171] In the first aspect, PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information are associated with SpCell.

[0172] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the UE is configured with SpCell containing parameters, and the PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information are associated with candidate cells and correspond to the PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information of the SpCell.

[0173] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the frequency information includes the SSB frequency.

[0174] In the fourth aspect, frequency information includes ARFCN, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects.

[0175] In the fifth aspect, frequency information includes GSCN, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects.

[0176] although Figure 12 An example box of process 1200 is shown, but in some respects, process 1200 may include... Figure 12 The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1200 may be executed in parallel.

[0177] Figure 13 This is a diagram of an example device 1300 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1300 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 1300. In some aspects, device 1300 includes a receiving component 1302, a transmitting component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1306 is combined with... Figure 1 The communication manager 140 is described. As shown, the device 1300 can communicate with another device 1308 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using the receiving component 1302 and the transmitting component 1304.

[0178] In some respects, device 1300 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 1 to 8One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 Process 1000 Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 The process 1200 or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 13 The illustrated device 1300 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0179] Receiver 1302 may receive communications from device 1308, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0180] Transmitting component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1300 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1304 for transmission to device 1308. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1308. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 may include combinations of... Figure 2The described UE may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1304 may co-located with the receive component 1302 in one or more transceivers.

[0181] The communication manager 1306 may support the operation of the receiving component 1302 and / or the transmitting component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 1302 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 1304. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1302 and / or the transmitting component 1304 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0182] In some respects, the receiving component 1302 may receive a reference signal. The communication manager 1306 may initiate an L1 measurement based at least in part on the first L3 measurement.

[0183] The communication manager 1306 may stop an L1 measurement at least partially based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a first threshold. The communication manager 1306 may also stop an L1 measurement at least partially based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold. The communication manager 1306 may stop an L1 measurement at least partially based on the difference not satisfying the first threshold. The communication manager 1306 may also stop an L1 measurement at least partially based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying the first threshold. The communication manager 1306 may also stop an L1 measurement at least partially based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying the second threshold.

[0184] In some respects, receiving component 1302 can receive SSBs. Communication manager 1306 can initiate SSB measurement at least in part based on the expiration of the TA timer. Communication manager 1306 can reset the TA timer. Communication manager 1306 can stop SSB measurement at least in part based on the reset of the TA timer. Receiving component 1302 can receive an indication of the number of SSB opportunities.

[0185] In some respects, the communication manager 1306 can select a certain number of simultaneous CSI calculations supported for L1 measurements. The transmitting component 1304 can transmit an indication of the number.

[0186] In some respects, the communication manager 1306 can use PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information to select one or more resources in the LTM reference signal resource set for measurements of the SpCell. The receiving component 1302 can receive one or more resources. The transmitting component 1304 can transmit one or more measurements to one or more resources.

[0187] Figure 13 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 13 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 13 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 13 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 The set (one or more) components shown are executable descriptions by Figure 13 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0188] Figure 14 This is a diagram of an example device 1400 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1400 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include device 1400. In some aspects, device 1400 includes a receiving component 1402, a transmitting component 1404, and / or a communication manager 1406 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1406 is combined with... Figure 1 The communication manager 150 is described. As shown, the device 1400 can communicate with another device 1408 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using the receiving component 1402 and the transmitting component 1404.

[0189] In some respects, device 1400 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 1 to 8 One or more operations as described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more processes as described herein, such as those similar to... Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 Process 1000 Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 Processes 1200 or combinations thereof. In some respects, Figure 14 The illustrated device 1400 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described network entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 14 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2Implementation within one or more components described. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0190] Receiver 1402 may receive communications from device 1408, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1402 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1400. In some aspects, receiver 1402 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1400. In some aspects, receiver 1402 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network entity includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0191] Transmitting component 1404 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1408. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1400 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1404 for transmission to device 1408. In some aspects, transmitting component 1404 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1408. In some aspects, transmitting component 1404 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network entity includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1404 may co-located with the receive component 1402 in one or more transceivers.

[0192] The communication manager 1406 may support the operation of the receiving component 1402 and / or the transmitting component 1404. For example, the communication manager 1406 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 1402 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 1404. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1406 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1402 and / or the transmitting component 1404 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0193] In some respects, the transmitting component 1404 can transmit RS. The receiving component 1402 can receive L1 measurements based at least in part on the first L3 measurement.

[0194] In some respects, the transmitting component 1404 may transmit an SSB. The receiving component 1402 may receive SSB measurements or TA information based at least in part on the first L3 measurement.

[0195] In some respects, receiving component 1402 may receive instructions for a number of simultaneous CSI calculations supporting L1 measurements.

[0196] In some respects, the transmitting component 1404 can transmit resources from the LTM-CSI-SSB resource set for the SpCell. The receiving component 1402 can receive measurements of the SpCell.

[0197] Figure 14 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 14 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 14 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 14 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 14 The set (one or more) components shown are executable descriptions by Figure 14 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0198] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure.

[0199] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a reference signal; and initiating a layer 1 (L1) measurement based at least in part on a first layer 3 (L3) measurement.

[0200] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the first L3 measurement includes L3 measurement for the serving cell, and wherein initiating the L1 measurement includes initiating the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the first L3 measurement not satisfying a first threshold.

[0201] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes stopping the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying the first threshold.

[0202] Aspect 4: According to the method of aspect 3, the method further includes stopping the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold.

[0203] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first L3 measurement includes an L3 measurement for the serving cell, and wherein initiating the L1 measurement includes initiating the L1 measurement at least in part based on the difference between the first L3 measurement and the second L3 measurement satisfying a first threshold.

[0204] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, the method further includes stopping the L1 measurement at least in part based on the difference not meeting the first threshold.

[0205] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the first L3 measurement includes an L3 measurement for a candidate cell, and wherein initiating the L1 measurement includes initiating the L1 measurement based at least in part on the absolute value of the first L3 measurement not satisfying a first threshold.

[0206] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 7, the method further includes stopping the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying the first threshold.

[0207] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 8, the method further includes stopping the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold.

[0208] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the L1 measurement is associated with mobility (LTM) triggered by layer 1 and layer 2.

[0209] Aspect 11: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB); and initiating an SSB measurement based at least in part on the expiration of a timing advance (TA) timer.

[0210] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11 further includes: resetting the TA timer; and stopping the SSB measurement based at least in part on the reset of the TA timer.

[0211] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 12, wherein initiating the SSB measurement includes initiating the SSB measurement at a certain number of SSB timings after the TA timer expires.

[0212] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 13 further includes receiving an indication of the number of SSB timings.

[0213] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 14, wherein initiating the SSB measurement includes initiating the SSB measurement of the serving cell and the candidate cell.

[0214] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 15, wherein the TA timer is a dedicated UE-based timer.

[0215] Aspect 17: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: selecting a number of supported simultaneous channel state information (CSI) calculations for Layer 1 (L1) measurements; and transmitting an indication of the number.

[0216] Aspect 18: The method according to aspect 17, wherein the L1 measurement is associated with inter-cell mobility.

[0217] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 18, wherein the quantity is specific to component carriers.

[0218] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 18, wherein the quantity is the sum across multiple component carriers.

[0219] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 20, wherein the quantity includes mobility (LTM) CSI calculations and non-LTM CSI calculations triggered by Layer 1 and Layer 2.

[0220] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 21, wherein the quantity includes mobility (LTM) CSI calculations triggered by Layer 1 and Layer 2 but excludes non-LTM CSI calculations.

[0221] Aspect 23: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: selecting one or more resources in a Layer 1 and Layer 2 triggered Mobility (LTM) reference signaling resource set for measurements of a specific cell (SpCell) using a physical cell identifier (PCI), a synchronization signal block (SSB) identifier (ID) and frequency information; receiving the one or more resources; and transmitting one or more measurements of the one or more resources.

[0222] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 23, wherein the PCI, the SSB ID, and the frequency information are associated with the SpCell.

[0223] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 23 to 24, wherein the UE is configured with SpCell containing parameters, and wherein the PCI, the SSB ID, and the frequency information are associated with a candidate cell and correspond to the PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information of the SpCell.

[0224] Aspect 26: According to the method of aspect 25, the frequency information includes the SSB frequency.

[0225] Aspect 27: According to the method of aspect 25, the frequency information includes an absolute radio frequency channel number.

[0226] Aspect 28: According to the method of aspect 25, the frequency information includes a global synchronization channel number.

[0227] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 28.

[0228] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 28.

[0229] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 28.

[0230] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 28.

[0231] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 28.

[0232] Aspect 34: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 28.

[0233] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform one or more of the methods according to aspects 1 to 28.

[0234] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations can be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various aspects of practice.

[0235] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, "software" should be interpreted broadly as meaning instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented through various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting in any way. Therefore, no specific software code is referred to in this document to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed, at least in part, based on the descriptions herein, to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0236] Hardware and data processing means for implementing the various exemplary logic, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described herein can be implemented or executed using general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, specific processes and methods can be performed by circuitry dedicated to a given function.

[0237] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0238] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically set forth in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase referring to “at least one of” the list of items means any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0239] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” Similarly, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “the” and is interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Additionally, as used herein, the terms “having” and the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Additionally, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be open-ended when used in a series and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “any” or “only one”).

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: Receive reference signal; as well as Layer 1 (L1) measurements are initiated at least in part based on the first layer 3 (L3) measurements.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first L3 measurement includes an L3 measurement for the serving cell, and wherein, in order to initiate the L1 measurement, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to initiate the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the first L3 measurement not satisfying a first threshold.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to stop the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying the first threshold.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to stop the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first L3 measurement includes an L3 measurement for the serving cell, and wherein, in order to initiate the L1 measurement, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to initiate the L1 measurement at least in part based on a first threshold being satisfied between the first L3 measurement and the second L3 measurement.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to stop the L1 measurement at least in part based on the difference not meeting the first threshold.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first L3 measurement includes an L3 measurement for a candidate cell, and wherein, in order to initiate the L1 measurement, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to initiate the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the first L3 measurement not satisfying a first threshold.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to stop the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying the first threshold.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to stop the L1 measurement at least in part based on the absolute value of the second L3 measurement satisfying a second threshold.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the L1 measurement is associated with mobility (LTM) triggered by layer 1 and layer 2.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: Receive synchronization signal block (SSB); and SSB measurements are initiated at least in part based on the expiration of the timing advance (TA) timer.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to: Reset the TA timer; and The SSB measurement is stopped at least in part based on the reset of the TA timer.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein, in order to initiate the SSB measurement, the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to initiate the SSB measurement at a certain number of SSB times after the TA timer expires.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the UE to receive an indication of the number of SSB timings.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein, in order for the UE to initiate the SSB measurement, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to initiate the SSB measurement of the serving cell and the candidate cell.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the TA timer is a dedicated UE-based timer.

17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: Select a certain number of supported simultaneous channel state information (CSI) calculations for Layer 1 (L1) measurements; and Send an instruction for the quantity.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the L1 measurement is associated with inter-cell mobility.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the quantity is specific to component carriers.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the quantity is the sum across a plurality of component carriers.

21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the quantity includes mobility (LTM) CSI calculations and non-LTM CSI calculations triggered by layer 1 and layer 2.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the quantity includes mobility (LTM) CSI calculations triggered by layer 1 and layer 2, but excludes non-LTM CSI calculations.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: Use the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Identifier (ID), and frequency information to select one or more resources in the Layer 1 and Layer 2 triggered Mobility (LTM) Reference Signal Resource Set for measurements of a Special Cell (SpCell). Receive the one or more resources; as well as Send one or more measurements on the one or more resources.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the PCI, the SSB ID, and the frequency information are associated with the SpCell.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the UE is configured with SpCell containing parameters, and wherein the PCI, the SSB ID, and the frequency information are associated with a candidate cell and correspond to the PCI, SSB ID, and frequency information of the SpCell.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the frequency information includes the SSB frequency.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the frequency information includes an absolute radio frequency channel number.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the frequency information includes a global synchronization channel number.

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