A snow cleaning machine that utilizes gaseous carbon dioxide

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of snow cleaning machine technology, and more particularly to a snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide, comprising a snow cleaning machine and a pretreatment component. The input and output ends of the pretreatment component are fixedly connected to an external gas storage tank and the input end of the snow cleaning machine, respectively. The output end of the snow cleaning machine is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe. By subjecting CO2 to two consecutive expansions, the phase change of CO2 is completed, significantly improving the snowflake generation rate and shape uniformity. Simultaneously, the propulsive gas gains higher kinetic energy and cleaning efficiency, ensuring that the nozzle does not freeze or clog during long-term cleaning. Through the sliding of the nozzle, when the CO2 flow rate is increased, the length of the expanding nozzle is shortened, reducing frictional resistance and energy loss, ensuring that CO2 quickly reaches the end to complete the phase change and improving the phase change efficiency. When the CO2 flow rate is decreased, the length of the expanding nozzle is extended, forming a more stable laminar flow, ensuring that the residence time of CO2 in the pipe matches the phase change rhythm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of snow cleaning machine technology, and more particularly to a snow cleaning machine that utilizes gaseous carbon dioxide. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision manufacturing, tiny contaminants on the surface of components (such as particles, oil stains, residual chemical reagents, etc.) can directly affect product performance and service life. Therefore, high-precision cleaning is one of the key processes. Currently, the mainstream cleaning technologies are dry ice cleaning and snowflake cleaning. Dry ice cleaning uses solid carbon dioxide as a medium and achieves cleaning by utilizing the heat absorption and impact of dry ice sublimation. Although there is no secondary pollution, dry ice particles are hard, large, and have poor flowability, which can easily clog nozzles and make them unsuitable for cleaning precision structural components. Moreover, they can easily leave scratches on the surface of precision components during high-speed impact. They are not suitable for cleaning optical components, semiconductor wafers, and PCB boards, and are only suitable for rough cleaning of molds. Furthermore, the preparation and storage costs of dry ice are high, and it is easy to evaporate, resulting in high energy consumption for equipment operation. Snowflake cleaning uses liquid carbon dioxide as the working medium, producing gentler and more uniform snowflake particles. However, liquid carbon dioxide is prone to leakage or pressure instability during long-term storage, resulting in poor supply continuity. Furthermore, when the cylinder pressure falls below the critical range of saturated vapor pressure, the remaining CO2 in the cylinder cannot generate snowflakes, requiring frequent manual cylinder replacements. The remaining CO2 must be discarded. During the CO2 injection process, the nozzle temperature directly affects the snowflake particle generation efficiency. Only a portion of the liquid CO2 produces snowflakes, with most evaporating directly into the atmosphere as gas, causing resource waste and potentially posing an oxygen deficiency risk to the operating area. Additionally, if the CO2 flow rate is adjusted for different materials during the cleaning process, the size and distribution of snowflake particles will fluctuate drastically with the change in CO2 flow rate, causing nozzle blockage and affecting the cleaning effect and snowflake phase change efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the background art by proposing a snowflake cleaning machine that utilizes gaseous carbon dioxide.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide includes a snow cleaning machine and a pretreatment component. The input and output ends of the pretreatment component are fixedly connected to an external gas storage tank and the input end of the snow cleaning machine, respectively. A connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of the snow cleaning machine. A spray gun assembly is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting pipe. The spray gun assembly includes a connector, a sleeve, and a nozzle. The connector is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe. The sleeve is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connector. The nozzle is fixedly fitted onto the side wall of the sleeve. An adjustment assembly is movably installed inside the connector and sleeve. The adjustment assembly includes a positioning core, a first nozzle, and a second nozzle. The positioning core is slidably installed on the inner side of the connector. The first nozzle is fixedly installed on the side wall of the positioning core. The first nozzle is movably fitted onto the outer side of the second nozzle. The second nozzle is rotatably installed on the inner side of the sleeve. A booster assembly is movably mounted on the inner side of the sleeve. The booster assembly includes a flow divider ring, which is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the sleeve.

[0005] Preferably, a rotating cylinder is fixedly installed on the outer side of the second nozzle, a sliding cylinder is integrally formed on the side wall of the rotating cylinder near the positioning core cylinder, a sliding ball is integrally formed on the outer side of the first nozzle, a spiral groove is formed on the inner side of the sliding cylinder and the rotating cylinder, the sliding ball is slidably installed inside the spiral groove, and the flow divider ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, a slide cylinder three is fixedly installed on the outer side of the nozzle one, and a slide cylinder two is provided between the slide cylinder one and the slide cylinder three. The slide cylinder three is slidably fitted on the outer side of the slide cylinder two, and the slide cylinder two is movably fitted on the outer side of the slide cylinder one. A spring one is provided between the slide cylinder three and the slide cylinder two, and a spring two is provided between the slide cylinder two and the slide cylinder one.

[0007] Preferably, the sidewall of the diversion ring is fixedly connected with a plurality of evenly distributed air tubes, the end of the air tubes is fixedly connected to the inside of the connector, the plurality of air tubes are spirally wound around the outside of the rotating cylinder, the inside of the connector is provided with an air ring, the sidewall of the air ring is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed connection holes, the air tubes and connection holes correspond one to one, and are fixedly installed on the inside of the connection holes.

[0008] Preferably, the inner side of the sleeve is integrally formed with a plurality of slide bars, the side wall of the positioning core cylinder is welded with a slide plate, the side wall of the slide plate is provided with a plurality of slide groove 1 and slide groove 2, the plurality of slide groove 1 correspond one-to-one with air pipe 1 and cover the outside of air pipe 1, the plurality of slide groove 2 correspond one-to-one with slide bars and cover the outside of slide bars, and a spring 3 is provided between the slide plate and the connector.

[0009] Preferably, the nozzle has a plurality of uniformly distributed baffles integrally formed inside, the rotating cylinder is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the plurality of baffles, the side wall of the flow divider ring has a plurality of uniformly distributed air holes, the air holes and the baffles are corresponding to each other, and the flow divider ring has an air chamber inside, the air chamber being located between the air holes and the air pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting pipe one has a branch pipe one and a branch pipe two inside. The two ends of the branch pipe one are fixedly connected to the output end of the snow machine and the side wall of the connector, respectively. The two ends of the branch pipe two are fixedly connected to the air pump inside the snow machine and the side wall of the connector, respectively. The branch pipe two is connected to the air ring. A tapered sleeve screw is fixedly installed on the side wall of the positioning core cylinder. The tapered sleeve screw is located on the side close to the branch pipe one. A cutting ring is provided between the tapered sleeve screw and the positioning core cylinder. The positioning core cylinder, the tapered sleeve screw and the cutting ring have through holes and are interconnected.

[0011] Preferably, the pretreatment components include an air compressor, a booster system, and a cooling system. The input end of the air compressor is connected to an external air storage tank, and the output end of the air compressor is connected to the input end of the booster system via a connecting pipe. The output end of the booster system is connected to the input end of the cooling system via a connecting pipe, and the output end of the cooling system is connected to the input end of the snow machine via a connecting pipe.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By expanding CO2 twice in succession, the phase change of CO2 is complete during the process of the propelling gas moving the snowflake particles and mixed CO2, which significantly improves the snowflake generation rate and the uniformity of shape. At the same time, the propelling gas obtains higher kinetic energy and cleaning efficiency, ensuring that the nozzle does not freeze or become clogged during long-term cleaning and that the surface of the cleaned workpiece does not condense.

[0013] 2. By sliding the nozzle, when the CO2 flow rate is increased, the nozzle moves closer to the rotating drum, shortening the length of the expansion nozzle, reducing frictional resistance and energy loss, ensuring that CO2 quickly reaches the end to complete the phase change, avoiding phase change interruption caused by excessively short residence time, and improving phase change efficiency. When the CO2 flow rate is decreased, the nozzle moves further away from the rotating drum, extending the length of the expansion nozzle, increasing frictional resistance, forming a more stable laminar flow, and ensuring that the residence time of CO2 in the pipe matches the phase change rhythm.

[0014] 3. By changing the spiral section of the gas tube, when the CO2 flow rate is increased, the gas tube wraps around the outside of the rotating drum in a tighter spiral state, which increases the heat exchange time between the rotating drum and the nozzle. This effectively neutralizes the extreme low temperature caused by the high-flow-rate CO2 in the nozzle, preventing the nozzle from freezing or frosting and causing blockage. When the CO2 flow rate is reduced, the heat exchange range of the expansion nozzle is increased, which satisfies the basic temperature and pressure balance of the expansion nozzle while avoiding excessive heat exchange that would cause the rotating drum and nozzle to overheat. This also prevents the supercooled liquid CO2 inside the rotating drum and nozzle from vaporizing prematurely, ensuring the snowflake phase change efficiency.

[0015] 4. By adaptively adjusting the kinetic energy of the booster gas, the snowflakes can maintain ideal crystal form and particle size distribution when CO2 undergoes its first phase change in the mixing chamber. This ensures that the cleaning process is both efficient and precise, achieving optimal mixing of the booster gas and CO2 under full flow rate conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the spray gun assembly in this invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point D; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the spray gun assembly in this invention; Figure 8 This is a disassembly diagram of the positioning core and tapered sleeve screw in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the booster component in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the flow divider ring in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rotary drum and the sliding drum three in this invention; Figure 12 This is a disassembly diagram of slide tube three and nozzle one in this invention; Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the rotating cylinder and nozzle II in this invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Connector; 11. Snow machine; 12. Air compressor; 13. Boosting system; 14. Cooling system; 15. Connecting pipe one; 151. Branch pipe one; 152. Branch pipe two; 153. Sleeve; 154. Nozzle; 155. Baffle; 156. Nozzle one; 157. Mixing chamber; 158. Sliding strip; 16. Air ring; 161. Connecting hole; 21. Flow divider ring; 211. Air hole; 212. Air pipe 1; 213, Air chamber; 22, Rotary drum; 221, Slide cylinder one; 222, Slide cylinder two; 223, Slide cylinder three; 224, Nozzle one; 225, Spring one; 226, Spring two; 227, Sliding ball; 228, Nozzle two; 229, Spiral groove; 31, Positioning core cylinder; 311, Blade ring; 312, Slide plate; 313, Spring three; 314, Slide groove one; 315, Slide groove two; 316, Tapered sleeve screw. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 13 As shown, a snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide includes a snow cleaning machine 11 and a pretreatment component. The input and output ends of the pretreatment component are fixedly connected to an external gas storage tank and the input end of the snow cleaning machine 11, respectively. A connecting pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the output end of the snow cleaning machine 11. A spray gun assembly is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting pipe 15. The spray gun assembly includes a connector 1, a sleeve 153, and a nozzle 154. The connector 1 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe 15, the sleeve 153 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connector 1, and the nozzle 154 is fixedly fitted onto the side wall of the sleeve 153. An adjustment assembly is movably installed inside the connector 1 and the sleeve 153. The adjustment assembly includes a positioning core cylinder 31, a first nozzle 224, and a second nozzle 228. The positioning core cylinder 31 is slidably installed on the inner side of the connector 1. The first nozzle 224 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the positioning core cylinder 31. The first nozzle 224 is movably fitted on the outer side of the second nozzle 228. The second nozzle 228 is rotatably installed on the inner side of the sleeve 153. A booster assembly is movably mounted on the inner side of the sleeve 153. The booster assembly includes a flow divider ring 21, which is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the sleeve 153.

[0021] Among them, the sleeve 153 has dimensions of φ16*296 (outer diameter*length) and an inner diameter of 12MM. Nozzle 1 224 and Nozzle 2 228 are expansion nozzles (the relevant dimensions of the expansion nozzle are 309.5MM (length), 2MM inner diameter, and outer bevel angles of 26°2.39 (2.5MM) and 11°5 (5MM)). The positioning core cylinder 31 is used to fix the axis of the expansion nozzle, ensuring that the axis of the expansion nozzle and the axis of the sleeve 153 are always aligned. The nozzle 154 has a mixing chamber 157 and a nozzle 156 inside. Nozzle 156 is a Laval nozzle (the relevant dimensions of the Laval nozzle are: φ20*36MM, outer bevel angle 21.5°, inner bevel angle 3.43° (10MM) and 28.42° (8.5MM), and a circular hole length of 7MM). After CO2 passes through the expansion nozzle, the pressure is rapidly reduced, making... When the CO2 is ejected from the expansion nozzle and reaches the mixing chamber 157, it is depressurized again and rapidly expands to generate snowflake particles. The generated snowflake particles are carried by the heated propulsion gas (the gas discharged from the splitting ring 21 is the heated propulsion gas) and ejected at high speed through the nozzle 156, resulting in more uniform shape and size of snowflake particles and enhanced kinetic energy. Some of the gas-liquid mixed CO2 is compressed and expanded twice by the Laval nozzle to generate snowflake particles, and a very small part is directly vaporized. By expanding CO2 twice continuously, the phase change of CO2 is complete during the process of the propulsion gas moving the snowflake particles and mixed CO2, which significantly improves the snowflake generation rate and shape uniformity. At the same time, it is combined with the propulsion gas to obtain higher kinetic energy and cleaning efficiency, ensuring that the nozzle 156 does not freeze or become clogged during long-term cleaning and that the surface of the cleaned workpiece does not condense.

[0022] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figures 9-13 As shown, a rotating cylinder 22 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the nozzle 228. A sliding cylinder 221 is integrally formed on the side wall of the rotating cylinder 22 near the positioning core cylinder 31. A sliding ball 227 is integrally formed on the outer side of the nozzle 224. A spiral groove 229 is opened on the inner side of the sliding cylinder 221 and the rotating cylinder 22. The sliding ball 227 is slidably installed inside the spiral groove 229. The flow divider ring 21 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating cylinder 22.

[0023] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 12As shown, a slide cylinder 223 is fixedly installed on the outside of the nozzle 224. A slide cylinder 222 is provided between the slide cylinder 221 and the slide cylinder 223. The slide cylinder 223 is slidably fitted on the outside of the slide cylinder 222. The slide cylinder 222 is movably fitted on the outside of the slide cylinder 221. A spring 225 is provided between the slide cylinder 223 and the slide cylinder 222. A spring 226 is provided between the slide cylinder 222 and the slide cylinder 221.

[0024] In this system, nozzle 224 is fixedly installed inside the positioning core cylinder 31 via slide cylinder 223. During the cleaning process, when the CO2 flow rate is increased (high-energy snowflake coarse cleaning), the positioning core cylinder 31 moves towards the nozzle 154 following the increased CO2 flow rate. Slide cylinder 223 drives nozzle 224 to slide towards the rotating cylinder 22, causing springs 225 and 226 to be compressed and contracted, and spring 313 to stretch and extend. This shortens the length of the expanding nozzle, ensuring that CO2 quickly reaches the end to complete the phase change and avoiding interruption of the phase change due to insufficient residence time. During the cleaning process, when the CO2 flow rate is reduced (low-energy snowflake fine cleaning), springs 225 and 226 are released, spring 313 resets, and the positioning core cylinder 31 moves away from the nozzle 154. The nozzle 223 drives the nozzle 224 to slide away from the rotating drum 22, causing the expansion nozzle to lengthen. This ensures that the residence time of CO2 in the pipe matches the phase change rhythm. The length of the expansion nozzle is adaptively adjusted according to the CO2 flow rate to avoid particle agglomeration. By sliding the nozzle 224, when the CO2 flow rate is increased, the nozzle 224 moves closer to the rotating drum 22, shortening the length of the expansion nozzle, reducing friction resistance and energy loss, ensuring that CO2 quickly reaches the end to complete the phase change, avoiding phase change interruption caused by excessively short residence time, and improving phase change efficiency. When the CO2 flow rate is decreased, the nozzle 224 moves further away from the rotating drum 22, extending the length of the expansion nozzle, increasing friction resistance, forming a more stable laminar flow, and ensuring that the residence time of CO2 in the pipe matches the phase change rhythm.

[0025] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, a number of evenly distributed air tubes 212 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the diversion ring 21. The end of the air tube 212 is fixedly connected to the inside of the connector 1. The air tubes 212 are spirally wound around the outside of the rotating cylinder 22. An air ring 16 is provided inside the connector 1. A number of evenly distributed connection holes 161 are provided on the side wall of the air ring 16. The air tubes 212 and the connection holes 161 correspond one-to-one and are fixedly installed inside the connection holes 161.

[0026] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the inner side of the sleeve 153 is integrally formed with several slide bars 158, and the side wall of the positioning core cylinder 31 is welded with a slide plate 312. The side wall of the slide plate 312 is provided with several slide grooves 314 and 315. Several slide grooves 314 correspond one-to-one with the air pipe 212 and are covered on the outside of the air pipe 212. Several slide grooves 315 correspond one-to-one with the slide bars 158 and are covered on the outside of the slide bars 158. A spring 313 is provided between the slide plate 312 and the connector 1.

[0027] When the positioning core cylinder 31 drives the nozzle 224 to slide towards the rotating cylinder 22, the sliding plate 312 follows the positioning core cylinder 31, causing the sliding plate 312 to straighten the air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the connector 1 through the sliding groove 314. The nozzle 224 drives the sliding cylinder 221 and the rotating cylinder 22 to rotate forward through the sliding ball 227 and the spiral groove 229, which reduces the pitch of the spiral air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the flow divider ring 21. This causes several air pipes 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the flow divider ring 21 to be more tightly spiraled around the outside of the rotating cylinder 22. At this time, the air pipe 212 passes through the inside... The heated booster gas significantly increases the heat exchange time between the rotating drum 22 and the second nozzle 228, effectively neutralizing the extreme low temperature caused by the high-velocity CO2 inside the second nozzle 228 and preventing icing or frosting that could cause blockage. As the positioning core cylinder 31 drives the first nozzle 224 to slide away from the rotating drum 22, the sliding plate 312 follows the positioning core cylinder 31. The first nozzle 224 drives the first sliding drum 221 and the rotating drum 22 to reverse direction via the sliding ball 227 and the spiral groove 229. This shortens the taut section of the first air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the connector 1, and lengthens the spiral section of the first air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the splitter ring 21. The increased pitch of the spiral air pipe 212 between the sliding disc 312 and the splitting ring 21 causes the spiral air pipe 212 to be dispersed and wound around the outside of the rotating drum 22, sliding drum 221, sliding drum 222, and sliding drum 323. At this time, the heat exchange time between the air pipe 212 and the rotating drum 222 and nozzle 228 via the internally heated booster gas decreases, while simultaneously increasing the heat exchange range of the expanding nozzle. This satisfies the temperature and pressure balance of the expanding nozzle base while preventing excessive heat exchange that could cause the rotating drum 22 and nozzle 228 to overheat, thus preventing premature vaporization of the supercooled liquid CO2 inside the rotating drum 22 and nozzle 228, ensuring the snowflake phase change efficiency. The change in the spiral section of pipe 212 allows it to wrap more tightly around the outside of the rotating drum 22 when the CO2 flow rate is increased. This increases the heat exchange time between the rotating drum 22 and the nozzle 228, effectively neutralizing the extreme low temperature caused by the high-flow-rate CO2 inside the nozzle 228 and preventing icing or frosting that could cause blockage. When the CO2 flow rate is decreased, it increases the heat exchange range of the expansion nozzle, ensuring the basic temperature and pressure balance of the expansion nozzle while avoiding excessive heat exchange that could cause the rotating drum 22 and nozzle 228 to overheat. This also prevents the premature vaporization of the supercooled liquid CO2 inside the rotating drum 22 and nozzle 228, ensuring the efficiency of the snowflake phase change.

[0028] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 10As shown, the nozzle 154 has several uniformly distributed baffles 155 integrally formed inside. The rotating cylinder 22 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the baffles 155. The side wall of the flow divider ring 21 has several uniformly distributed air holes 211, which correspond to the baffles 155. The flow divider ring 21 has an air chamber 213 inside, which is located between the air holes 211 and the air pipe 212.

[0029] In this system, the supply of booster gas is constant. The flow divider ring 21 rotates with the rotating drum 22. The vent 211 is spiral-shaped, allowing the booster gas to move out of the vent 211 and reach the mixing chamber 157, forming a stable swirling field along the spiral trajectory. This effectively guides CO2 and snowflake particles to mix thoroughly with the booster gas inside the mixing chamber 157. The width of the baffle 155 is smaller than the width of the vent 211. When the rotating drum 22 rotates forward, the flow divider ring 21 rotates forward as well, causing the baffle 155 to partially block the vent 211. This enhances the kinetic energy of the booster gas after it leaves the vent 211, using the strong kinetic energy impact to achieve rapid dispersion of snowflake crystal nuclei, strengthening the uniformity of snowflakes within the mixing chamber 157, and preventing snowflake particles from being trapped and delayed under high-speed conditions. To address the agglomeration and clumping problem, when the rotating drum 22 reverses, the flow divider ring 21 also reverses, causing the vent 211 to be fully open. This reduces and softens the kinetic energy of the booster gas as it exits the vent 211, ensuring effective entrainment of low-speed CO2 and snowflake particles. This improves the stability of the phase distribution within the mixing chamber 157, avoids excessive impact of strong kinetic energy on the ultrafine crystal nuclei, and prevents the snowflake crystal nuclei from breaking into powder without cleaning kinetic energy. Through adaptive adjustment of the booster gas kinetic energy, the snowflakes maintain ideal crystal form and particle size distribution during the first phase change of CO2 in the mixing chamber 157. This ensures that the cleaning process is both efficient and precise, achieving optimal mixing of the booster gas and CO2 under full CO2 flow conditions.

[0030] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the interior of the connecting pipe 15 is provided with branch pipe 151 and branch pipe 152. The two ends of branch pipe 151 are fixedly connected to the output end of the snow machine 11 and the side wall of the connector 1, respectively. The two ends of branch pipe 152 are fixedly connected to the air pump inside the snow machine 11 and the side wall of the connector 1, respectively. Branch pipe 152 is connected to the air ring 16. A tapered sleeve screw 316 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the positioning core cylinder 31. The tapered sleeve screw 316 is located on the side close to branch pipe 151. A cutting ring 311 is provided between the tapered sleeve screw 316 and the positioning core cylinder 31. The positioning core cylinder 31, the tapered sleeve screw 316 and the cutting ring 311 are provided with through holes and are interconnected.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, the pretreatment components include an air compressor 12, a booster system 13, and a cooling system 14. The input end of the air compressor 12 is connected to an external air tank, and the output end of the air compressor 12 is connected to the input end of the booster system 13 via a connecting pipe. The output end of the booster system 13 is connected to the input end of the cooling system 14 via a connecting pipe, and the output end of the cooling system 14 is connected to the input end of the snow machine 11 via a connecting pipe.

[0032] The CO2 intake can be either gaseous or liquid. After passing through the air compressor 12, the booster system 13, and the cooling system 14, the CO2 is always in a subcooled liquid state (not a saturated liquid state). The snow machine 11 has a heating power of 2KW. The snow machine 11 is equipped with a needle valve with a diameter of 1.4MM, CV=0.03, and a 6MM ferrule. The cooling system 14 has a compressor power of 1P.

[0033] The working principle and usage of this invention are explained in detail below: During cleaning, the supercooled liquid CO2 is rapidly depressurized after passing through the expansion nozzle. When the CO2 exits the expansion nozzle and reaches the mixing chamber 157, it is depressurized again and rapidly expands to generate snowflake particles. These snowflake particles are then carried by heated propellant gas and ejected at high speed through nozzle 156, resulting in more uniform shape and size, and increased kinetic energy. A portion of the gas-liquid mixture of CO2 is further compressed and expanded by the Laval nozzle to generate snowflake particles, while a very small portion directly vaporizes. By subjecting the CO2 to two consecutive expansions, the phase change of CO2 is complete during the movement of the propellant gas carrying the snowflake particles and the mixed CO2, significantly improving the snowflake generation rate and shape. The uniformity of the spray pattern, combined with the propulsion gas to obtain higher kinetic energy and cleaning efficiency, ensures that the nozzle 156 does not freeze or become clogged during long-term cleaning, and that the surface of the cleaned workpiece does not condense. When the CO2 flow rate is increased during the cleaning process, the positioning core cylinder 31 moves towards the nozzle 154 following the increased CO2 flow rate. The sliding cylinder 323 drives the nozzle 224 to slide towards the rotating cylinder 22, shortening the length of the expansion nozzle and ensuring that the CO2 quickly reaches the end to complete the phase change, avoiding interruption of the phase change due to insufficient residence time. When the positioning core cylinder 31 drives the nozzle 224 to slide towards the rotating cylinder 22, the sliding plate 312 slides along with the positioning core cylinder 31, straightening the air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the connector 1. Pipe 224 drives slide cylinder 221 and rotating cylinder 22 to rotate forward, reducing the pitch of the spiral air pipe 212 between slide disk 312 and flow divider ring 21. This causes several air pipes 212 between slide disk 312 and flow divider ring 21 to spiral more tightly around the outside of rotating cylinder 22. At this time, the heat exchange time between air pipe 212 and rotating cylinder 222 and nozzle 228 is greatly increased, effectively neutralizing the extreme low temperature caused by high-velocity CO2 in nozzle 228 and preventing icing or frosting that could cause blockage. When rotating cylinder 22 rotates forward, flow divider ring 21 also rotates forward, causing baffle 155 to partially block the air hole 211, increasing the kinetic energy of the booster gas after it leaves the air hole 211. This strong kinetic energy impacts the snowflake crystal nucleus. Rapid dispersion enhances the uniformity of snowflakes within the mixing chamber 157, preventing agglomeration and clumping of snowflake particles due to entrainment delays under high-speed conditions. When the CO2 flow rate is reduced during the cleaning process, the positioning core cylinder 31 moves away from the nozzle 154, and the sliding cylinder 323 drives the nozzle 224 to slide away from the rotating cylinder 22, causing the expansion nozzle to lengthen. This ensures that the residence time of CO2 within the nozzle matches the phase change rhythm. The length of the expansion nozzle is adaptively adjusted according to the CO2 flow rate to prevent particle agglomeration. Through the sliding of the nozzle 224, when the CO2 flow rate is increased, the nozzle 224 moves closer to the rotating cylinder 22, shortening the length of the expansion nozzle, reducing frictional resistance and energy loss, and ensuring that CO2 quickly reaches the end to complete the phase change.To avoid phase change interruption due to excessively short residence time and improve phase change efficiency, when the CO2 flow rate is reduced, the nozzle 224 and the rotating drum 22 are moved relatively away, extending the length of the expanded nozzle, increasing friction resistance, and forming a more stable laminar flow. This ensures that the residence time of CO2 in the pipe matches the phase change rhythm. When the positioning core cylinder 31 drives the nozzle 224 to slide away from the rotating drum 22, the sliding plate 312 follows the positioning core cylinder 31. The nozzle 224 drives the sliding plate 221 and the rotating drum 22 to reverse, shortening the taut section of the air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the connector 1, and shortening the air pipe 212 between the sliding plate 312 and the splitter ring 21. The extension of the spiral section of section 12 allows the spiral-shaped gas pipe 212 to be dispersed and wound around the outside of the rotating cylinder 22, slide cylinder 221, slide cylinder 222, and slide cylinder 223. At this time, the heat exchange time between the gas pipe 212 and the rotating cylinder 222 and the nozzle 228 is reduced, while the heat exchange range with the expanding nozzle is increased. This satisfies the temperature and pressure balance of the expanding nozzle base and avoids excessive heat exchange that could cause the rotating cylinder 22 and nozzle 228 to overheat, preventing premature vaporization of the supercooled liquid CO2 inside the rotating cylinder 22 and nozzle 228, thus ensuring the snowflake phase change efficiency. Through the change in the spiral section of the gas pipe 212, when the CO2 flow rate is increased, the gas pipe 212... The ring is wound in a tighter spiral around the outside of the rotating drum 22, increasing the heat exchange time between the rotating drum 22 and the second nozzle 228. This effectively neutralizes the extreme low temperature caused by the high-velocity CO2 inside the second nozzle 228, preventing icing or frosting and blockage. While reducing the CO2 flow rate, it increases the heat exchange range of the expanded nozzle, ensuring basic temperature and pressure balance while avoiding excessive heat exchange that could cause the rotating drum 22 and the second nozzle 228 to overheat. This prevents premature vaporization of the supercooled liquid CO2 inside the rotating drum 22 and the second nozzle 228, ensuring the snowflake phase change efficiency. When the rotating drum 22 reverses direction, the splitter ring 21 also reverses direction, causing the vent 21 to... 1. When fully open, the kinetic energy of the propellant gas after exiting the vent 211 is reduced and softened, ensuring effective entrainment of low-velocity CO2 and snowflake particles. This improves the stability of the phase distribution within the mixing chamber 157, avoids excessive impact of strong kinetic energy on the ultrafine crystal nuclei, and prevents the snowflake crystal nuclei from breaking into powder without cleaning kinetic energy. Through adaptive adjustment of the propellant gas kinetic energy, the snowflakes maintain ideal crystal form and particle size distribution during the first phase change of CO2 in the mixing chamber 157. This ensures that the cleaning process is both efficient and precise, achieving optimal mixing of the propellant gas and CO2 under all CO2 flow rate conditions.

[0034] To further clarify, the aforementioned fixed connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited. For example, it may be welding, gluing, or integral molding, or other conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide, comprising a snow cleaning machine (11) and a pretreatment component, wherein the input end and output end of the pretreatment component are fixedly connected to an external gas storage tank and the input end of the snow cleaning machine (11), respectively, characterized in that: The output end of the snow machine (11) is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (15). A spray gun assembly is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting pipe (15). The spray gun assembly includes a connector (1), a sleeve (153) and a nozzle (154). The connector (1) and the side wall of the connecting pipe (15) are fixedly connected. The sleeve (153) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connector (1). The nozzle (154) is fixedly fitted onto the side wall of the sleeve (153). An adjustment assembly is movably installed inside the connector (1) and the sleeve (153). The adjustment assembly includes a positioning core cylinder (31), a first nozzle (224), and a second nozzle (228). The positioning core cylinder (31) is slidably installed on the inner side of the connector (1). The first nozzle (224) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the positioning core cylinder (31). The first nozzle (224) is movably fitted on the outer side of the second nozzle (228). The second nozzle (228) is rotatably installed on the inner side of the sleeve (153). A booster assembly is movably mounted on the inner side of the sleeve (153), the booster assembly including a diverter ring (21), the diverter ring (21) being rotatably mounted on the inner side of the sleeve (153).

2. The snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating cylinder (22) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the second nozzle (228). A sliding cylinder (221) is integrally formed on the side wall of the rotating cylinder (22) near the positioning core cylinder (31). A sliding ball (227) is integrally formed on the outer side of the first nozzle (224). A spiral groove (229) is opened on the inner side of the sliding cylinder (221) and the rotating cylinder (22). The sliding ball (227) is slidably installed inside the spiral groove (229). The flow divider ring (21) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating cylinder (22).

3. The snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 2, characterized in that: A slide cylinder three (223) is fixedly installed on the outside of the nozzle one (224). A slide cylinder two (222) is provided between the slide cylinder one (221) and the slide cylinder three (223). The slide cylinder three (223) is slidably fitted on the outside of the slide cylinder two (222). The slide cylinder two (222) is movably fitted on the outside of the slide cylinder one (221). A spring one (225) is provided between the slide cylinder three (223) and the slide cylinder two (222). A spring two (226) is provided between the slide cylinder two (222) and the slide cylinder one (221).

4. A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sidewall of the diversion ring (21) is fixedly connected with several evenly distributed air tubes (212). The end of the air tubes (212) is fixedly connected to the inside of the connector (1). Several air tubes (212) are spirally wound around the outside of the rotating cylinder (22). An air ring (16) is provided inside the connector (1). Several evenly distributed connection holes (161) are provided on the sidewall of the air ring (16). The air tubes (212) and the connection holes (161) correspond one to one and are fixedly installed on the inside of the connection holes (161).

5. A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner side of the sleeve (153) is integrally formed with several slide bars (158). The side wall of the positioning core cylinder (31) is welded with a slide plate (312). The side wall of the slide plate (312) is provided with several slide grooves one (314) and slide groove two (315). Several slide grooves one (314) correspond one-to-one with air pipe one (212) and are covered on the outside of air pipe one (212). Several slide grooves two (315) correspond one-to-one with slide bars (158) and are covered on the outside of slide bars (158). A spring three (313) is provided between the slide plate (312) and the connector (1).

6. A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nozzle (154) has a number of uniformly distributed baffles (155) integrally formed inside. The rotating cylinder (22) is rotatably installed on the side wall of the number of baffles (155). The side wall of the flow divider ring (21) has a number of uniformly distributed air holes (211). The air holes (211) correspond to the baffles (155). The flow divider ring (21) has an air chamber (213) inside. The air chamber (213) is located between the air holes (211) and the air pipe (212).

7. A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting pipe 1 (15) is provided with branch pipe 1 (151) and branch pipe 2 (152) inside. The two ends of branch pipe 1 (151) are fixedly connected to the output end of snow machine (11) and the side wall of connector (1) respectively. The two ends of branch pipe 2 (152) are fixedly connected to the air pump inside snow machine (11) and the side wall of connector (1) respectively. Branch pipe 2 (152) is connected to air ring (16). The side wall of positioning core cylinder (31) is fixedly installed with tapered sleeve screw (316). The tapered sleeve screw (316) is located on the side close to branch pipe 1 (151). A blade ring (311) is provided between the tapered sleeve screw (316) and positioning core cylinder (31). The positioning core cylinder (31), tapered sleeve screw (316) and blade ring (311) are provided with through holes and are connected to each other.

8. A snow cleaning machine utilizing gaseous carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment components include an air compressor (12), a booster system (13), and a cooling system (14). The input end of the air compressor (12) is connected to an external air storage tank, and the output end of the air compressor (12) is connected to the input end of the booster system (13) through a connecting pipe. The output end of the booster system (13) is connected to the input end of the cooling system (14) through a connecting pipe, and the output end of the cooling system (14) is connected to the input end of the snow machine (11) through a connecting pipe.

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