Compound fatty acid preparation for promoting growth of chicken, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of feed additive, and particularly relates to a compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth, and a preparation method and application thereof. The compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of stigmasterol, 2-4 parts of campesterol, 10-20 parts of linoleic acid, 12-24 parts of tributyrin, 1-2 parts of emulsifier, 3-5 parts of soybean phospholipid, 3-5 parts of protective agent, and 30-80 parts of water. The combination of stigmasterol and campesterol can significantly improve the targeted release efficiency of linoleic acid and tributyrin. The released butyric acid can activate the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway of intestinal epithelial cells, significantly improve the efficiency of tricarboxylic acid cycle, and enhance the intestinal barrier function. The phytosterol can also competitively inhibit the NPC1L1 transporter, reduce the intestinal cholesterol absorption, direct the energy to the growth demand, thereby improving the daily weight gain of broilers and reducing the feed-meat ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, specifically relating to a compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Broiler chickens have a short growth cycle and are prone to intestinal diseases during the breeding process, which increases the mortality rate of the flock and results in a high feed conversion ratio, leading to reduced profits. Farms often use antibiotics and other chemical drugs for treatment, which does not conform to the national concept of antibiotic-free or reduced-antibiotic green farming. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth, its preparation method and application.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides a compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth, which is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of stigmasterol, 2-4 parts of campesterol, 10-20 parts of linoleic acid, 12-24 parts of tartrate glyceryl ester, 1-2 parts of emulsifier, 3-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 3-5 parts of protectant, and 30-80 parts of water.

[0005] Preferably, the emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

[0006] Preferably, the mass ratio of Span 80 to Tween 80 is (1-5):(0.8-4); and the mass ratio of trehalose to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is (1.5-3):(1-2).

[0007] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing the compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: (1) After mixing stigmasterol and campesterol, add them to a mixed solution of linoleic acid and glyceryl tartrate, mix well, and obtain a mixed oil phase; (2) Heat the water to 50℃~60℃, add emulsifier to the water, mix well, and obtain a mixed aqueous phase; (3) Under high-speed shearing conditions, the mixed oil phase is added to the mixed aqueous phase and emulsified to obtain an emulsion; (4) The temperature of the emulsion is maintained at 40℃±2℃. Soybean lecithin is added to the emulsion under high-speed shearing conditions. After high-speed shearing treatment, ultrasonic crushing treatment is performed to obtain lecithin-encapsulated emulsion. (5) Add a protective agent to the phospholipid encapsulation emulsion, mix well and then pre-freeze to obtain a frozen solid. The frozen solid is then dried once and then dried twice to obtain a porous solid block. (6) The porous solid block is crushed and sieved to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation that promotes chicken growth.

[0008] Preferably, in step (4), the high-speed shearing speed is 8000-10000 rpm and the high-speed shearing treatment time is 10-20 min; the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic crushing treatment is 600-1000 W and the ultrasonic crushing treatment time is 10-20 min.

[0009] Preferably, in step (5), the pre-freezing temperature is -45℃ to -60℃ and the pre-freezing time is 4 to 8 hours; the vacuum degree of the first drying process is 0.1 to 0.5 mbar, the temperature is -35℃ to -60℃, and the drying time is 24 to 48 hours; the temperature of the second drying process is 30℃ to 35℃ and the drying time is 8 to 16 hours.

[0010] Preferably, in step (3), the emulsification process includes primary emulsification and secondary emulsification. The primary emulsification process adopts high-speed shearing treatment, with a stirring speed of 8000-10000 rpm and a stirring time of 10-20 min. The secondary emulsification process adopts high-pressure homogenization treatment, with a pressure of 20-30 MPa and a time of 20-30 min.

[0011] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the compound fatty acid preparation described in the first aspect above in feed or feed additives that promote chicken growth.

[0012] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a feed additive that promotes chicken growth, wherein the feed additive contains the compound fatty acid preparation described in the first aspect above.

[0013] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a feed that promotes chicken growth, the feed containing the compound fatty acid preparation described in the first aspect above.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) In this invention, linoleic acid, as an essential ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is an important component of cell membrane structure and can directly affect the development of animal organs and fat metabolism, thereby accelerating the growth rate of broilers. Tributyric acid glyceride is hydrolyzed into butyric acid in the intestine, which provides energy for colonic epithelial cells, enhances the expression of tight junction proteins, reduces intestinal permeability, and reduces the risk of toxin invasion, thereby improving the intestinal health of broilers, increasing feed utilization, and reducing the feed conversion ratio. Stigmasterol and campesterol have similar chemical structures and compete with cholesterol for micelle binding sites in the small intestine, reducing cholesterol absorption. The combination of the two can cover a wider range of intestinal absorption sites and improve the effect. In addition, linoleic acid can promote the synthesis of apolipoprotein B and accelerate the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which can synergistically reduce serum total cholesterol levels.

[0015] (2) The combination of stigmasterol and campesterol in this invention can significantly improve the targeted release efficiency of linoleic acid and tricresyl triglyceride. The released butyric acid significantly improves the efficiency of tricarboxylic acid cycle and enhances intestinal barrier function by activating the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway of intestinal epithelial cells. Plant sterol can also reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption by competitively inhibiting NPC1L1 transporter, directing energy to growth needs, thereby increasing the daily weight gain of broilers and reducing the feed conversion ratio.

[0016] (3) The phytosterols of this invention competitively inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine, reduce lipid peroxidation damage in the intestine, and also have the effect of regulating the activity of immune cells; linoleic acid participates in the synthesis of prostaglandins, balances the ratio of pro-inflammatory / anti-inflammatory factors, and reduces intestinal stress damage; butyric acid released after tricresyl triglyceride enters the intestine and is decomposed also inhibits the proliferation of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, and maintains the stability of the intestinal flora structure. The three complement each other and have complementary advantages, which can more effectively reduce the intestinal inflammatory response, thereby effectively reducing the diarrhea rate of broilers.

[0017] (4) The phospholipid encapsulation treatment of the present invention can reduce the oxidative degradation of complex fatty acids and improve their stability.

[0018] (5) The present invention uses double emulsification and freeze-drying technology, which greatly improves the stability of the product, extends the shelf life of the product, and also makes it more convenient to transport and store.

[0019] (6) All the ingredients used in this invention are natural and residue-free, and can replace some antibiotics to a certain extent, which is in line with the green breeding concept of reducing and eliminating antibiotics and reducing breeding costs. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Example 1

[0021] A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts stigmasterol, 4 parts campesterol, 18 parts linoleic acid, 22 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 39 parts water. Stigmasterol and campesterol belong to phytosterols, linoleic acid is a fatty acid, and tributyric acid glyceride is a fatty acid derivative. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0022] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is as follows: (1) Preparation of oil phase: After mixing stigmasterol and campesterol, add them to a mixed solution of linoleic acid and glyceryl tartrate. Stir at 200 rpm, mix at 50°C, and mix for 10 min to obtain a mixed oil phase. (2) Preparation of aqueous phase: Heat water to 50°C, add emulsifier, stir at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain mixed aqueous phase; (3) Emulsification treatment: Under high-speed shearing conditions, the mixed oil phase obtained in step (1) is slowly injected into the mixed water phase obtained in step (2). Under the stirring speed of 10000 rpm and the stirring time of 10 min, a primary emulsion is obtained. The primary emulsion is then emulsified a second time using a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 20 MPa and an emulsification time of 20 min to obtain a secondary emulsion. (4) Phospholipid encapsulation: The temperature of the secondary emulsion obtained in step (3) was maintained at 40℃±2℃; soybean phospholipid was slowly added under high-speed shearing at 10000rpm; after shearing for 10min, it was transferred to a probe-type ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic disruption treatment with ultrasonic power of 1000w and ultrasonic time of 10min to obtain phospholipid encapsulated emulsion. (5) Freeze-drying: Add a protective agent to the phospholipid-embedded emulsion obtained in step (4); stir at 200 rpm for 30 min to obtain a pre-frozen emulsion; dispense the pre-frozen emulsion into freeze-drying trays with a thickness not exceeding 1 cm; quickly place it in a -45℃ ultra-low temperature freezer for 8 h to obtain a frozen solid; place the frozen solid in a freeze dryer, turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree in the chamber by 0.1 mbar, set the shelf temperature to -35℃, and dry for 24 h; gradually increase the shelf temperature to 35℃ (heating rate 5℃ / h), and continue drying at this temperature for 8 h to obtain a porous solid block; (6) Crushing and packaging: The porous solid block obtained in step (5) is crushed through a 40-mesh sieve under the conditions of relative humidity <20% and temperature <25℃, and immediately vacuum-packed with nitrogen in an aluminum foil bag to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation, which is stored away from light. Example 2

[0023] A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts stigmasterol, 4 parts campesterol, 10 parts linoleic acid, 15 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 54 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0024] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for chicken growth is the same as that in Example 1. Example 3

[0025] A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts stigmasterol, 2 parts campesterol, 18 parts linoleic acid, 22 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 44 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0026] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for chicken growth is the same as that in Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 1: No linoleic acid and glyceryl tartrate added A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts stigmasterol, 4 parts campesterol, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 79 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0028] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is as follows: (1) Preparation of oil phase: Mix stigmasterol and campesterol and add them to 30 parts of water. Stir at 200 rpm, mix at 50°C and mix for 10 min to obtain a mixed oil phase. (2) Aqueous phase preparation: Heat 49 parts of water to 50°C, add emulsifier, stir at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain a mixed aqueous phase; (3) Emulsification treatment: Under high-speed shearing conditions, the mixed oil phase obtained in step (1) is slowly injected into the mixed water phase obtained in step (2). Under the stirring speed of 10000 rpm and the stirring time of 10 min, a primary emulsion is obtained. The primary emulsion is then emulsified a second time using a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 20 MPa and an emulsification time of 20 min to obtain a secondary emulsion. (4) Phospholipid encapsulation: The temperature of the secondary emulsion obtained in step (3) was maintained at 40℃±2℃; soybean phospholipid was slowly added under high-speed shearing at 10000rpm; after shearing for 10min, it was transferred to a probe-type ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic disruption treatment with ultrasonic power of 1000w and ultrasonic time of 10min to obtain phospholipid encapsulated emulsion. (5) Freeze-drying: Add a protective agent to the phospholipid-embedded emulsion obtained in step (4); stir at 200 rpm for 30 min to obtain a pre-frozen emulsion; dispense the pre-frozen emulsion into freeze-drying trays with a thickness not exceeding 1 cm; quickly place it in a -45℃ ultra-low temperature freezer for 8 h to obtain a frozen solid; place the frozen solid in a freeze dryer, turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree in the chamber by 0.1 mbar, set the shelf temperature to -35℃, and dry for 24 h; gradually increase the shelf temperature to 35℃ (heating rate 5℃ / h), and continue drying at this temperature for 8 h to obtain a porous solid block; (6) Crushing and packaging: The porous solid block obtained in step (5) is crushed through a 40-mesh sieve under the conditions of relative humidity <20% and temperature <25℃, and immediately vacuum-packed with nitrogen in an aluminum foil bag to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation, which is stored away from light.

[0029] Comparative Example 2: No addition of stigmasterol and campesterol A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts linoleic acid, 22 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 49 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0030] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is as follows: (1) Preparation of oil phase: Linoleic acid and glyceryl tartrate were mixed at a stirring speed of 200 rpm, a mixing temperature of 50℃, and a mixing time of 10 min to obtain a mixed oil phase; (2) Preparation of aqueous phase: Heat water to 50°C, add emulsifier, stir at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain mixed aqueous phase; (3) Emulsification treatment: Under high-speed shearing conditions, the mixed oil phase obtained in step (1) is slowly injected into the mixed water phase obtained in step (2). Under the stirring speed of 10000 rpm and the stirring time of 10 min, a primary emulsion is obtained. The primary emulsion is then emulsified a second time using a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 20 MPa and an emulsification time of 20 min to obtain a secondary emulsion. (4) Phospholipid encapsulation: The temperature of the secondary emulsion obtained in step (3) was maintained at 40℃±2℃; soybean phospholipid was slowly added under high-speed shearing at 10000rpm; after shearing for 10min, it was transferred to a probe-type ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic disruption treatment with ultrasonic power of 1000w and ultrasonic time of 10min to obtain phospholipid encapsulated emulsion. (5) Freeze-drying: Add a protective agent to the phospholipid-embedded emulsion obtained in step (4); stir at 200 rpm for 30 min to obtain a pre-frozen emulsion; dispense the pre-frozen emulsion into freeze-drying trays with a thickness not exceeding 1 cm; quickly place it in a -45℃ ultra-low temperature freezer for 8 h to obtain a frozen solid; place the frozen solid in a freeze dryer, turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree in the chamber by 0.1 mbar, set the shelf temperature to -35℃, and dry for 24 h; gradually increase the shelf temperature to 35℃ (heating rate 5℃ / h), and continue drying at this temperature for 8 h to obtain a porous solid block; (6) Crushing and packaging: The porous solid block obtained in step (5) is crushed through a 40-mesh sieve under the conditions of relative humidity <20% and temperature <25℃, and immediately vacuum-packed with nitrogen in an aluminum foil bag to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation, which is stored away from light.

[0031] Comparative Example 3: No phospholipid encapsulation was performed A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts stigmasterol, 4 parts campesterol, 18 parts linoleic acid, 22 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, and 49 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0032] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is as follows: (1) Preparation of oil phase: After mixing stigmasterol and campesterol, add them to a mixed solution of linoleic acid and glyceryl tartrate. Stir at 200 rpm, mix at 50°C, and mix for 10 min to obtain a mixed oil phase. (2) Preparation of aqueous phase: Heat water to 50°C, add emulsifier, stir at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain mixed aqueous phase; (3) Emulsification treatment: Under high-speed shearing conditions, the mixed oil phase obtained in step (1) is slowly injected into the mixed water phase obtained in step (2). Under the stirring speed of 10000 rpm and the stirring time of 10 min, a primary emulsion is obtained. The primary emulsion is then emulsified a second time using a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 20 MPa and an emulsification time of 20 min to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation. It is then immediately packaged in an aluminum foil bag filled with nitrogen and stored away from light.

[0033] Comparative Example 4: No addition of campesterol A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts stigmasterol, 18 parts linoleic acid, 22 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 43 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0034] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for chicken growth is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that: in step (1), campesterol is not added.

[0035] Comparative Example 5: No added stigmasterol A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts campesterol, 18 parts linoleic acid, 22 parts tributyric acid glyceride, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 45 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0036] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that: in step (1), campesterol is not added.

[0037] Comparative Example 6: Without added stigmasterol, campesterol, and linoleic acid A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts tricresyl ester, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 67 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0038] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is as follows: (1) Preparation of aqueous phase: Heat water to 50°C, add emulsifier, stir at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain mixed aqueous phase; (2) Emulsification treatment: Tributyric acid glyceride was slowly injected into the mixed aqueous phase obtained in step (1) under high-speed shear conditions. The stirring time was 10 min at a stirring speed of 10000 rpm to obtain a primary emulsion. The primary emulsion was then emulsified a second time using a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 20 MPa for 20 min to obtain a secondary emulsion. (3) Phospholipid encapsulation: The temperature of the secondary emulsion obtained in step (2) was maintained at 40℃±2℃; soybean phospholipids were slowly added under high-speed shearing at 10000rpm; after shearing for 10min, the emulsion was transferred to a probe-type ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic disruption, with an ultrasonic power of 1000w and an ultrasonic time of 10min, to obtain phospholipid encapsulated emulsion. (4) Freeze-drying: Add a protective agent to the phospholipid-embedded emulsion obtained in step (3); stir at 200 rpm for 30 min to obtain a pre-frozen emulsion; dispense the pre-frozen emulsion into freeze-drying trays with a thickness not exceeding 1 cm; quickly place it in a -45℃ ultra-low temperature freezer and freeze for 8 h to obtain a frozen solid; place the frozen solid in a freeze dryer, turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree in the chamber by 0.1 mbar, set the shelf temperature to -35℃, and dry for 24 h; gradually increase the shelf temperature to 35℃ (heating rate 5℃ / h), and continue drying at this temperature for 8 h to obtain a porous solid block; (5) Crushing and packaging: The porous solid block obtained in step (4) is crushed through a 40-mesh sieve under the conditions of relative humidity <20% and temperature <25℃, and immediately vacuum-packed with nitrogen in an aluminum foil bag to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation, which is stored away from light.

[0039] Comparative Example 7: Without the addition of stigmasterol, campesterol, and tributyrate. A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts linoleic acid, 1 part emulsifier, 5 parts soybean lecithin, 5 parts protectant, and 71 parts water. The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 3:2; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0040] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth is as follows: (1) Preparation of aqueous phase: Heat water to 50°C, add emulsifier, stir at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain mixed aqueous phase; (2) Emulsification treatment: Linoleic acid is slowly injected into the mixed aqueous phase obtained in step (1) under high-speed shear conditions. The stirring time is 10 min at a stirring speed of 10000 rpm to obtain a primary emulsion. The primary emulsion is then emulsified a second time using a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 20 MPa for 20 min to obtain a secondary emulsion. (3) Phospholipid encapsulation: The temperature of the secondary emulsion obtained in step (2) was maintained at 40℃±2℃; soybean phospholipids were slowly added under high-speed shearing at 10000rpm; after shearing for 10min, the emulsion was transferred to a probe-type ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic disruption, with an ultrasonic power of 1000w and an ultrasonic time of 10min, to obtain phospholipid encapsulated emulsion. (4) Freeze-drying: Add a protective agent to the phospholipid-embedded emulsion obtained in step (3); stir at 200 rpm for 30 min to obtain a pre-frozen emulsion; dispense the pre-frozen emulsion into freeze-drying trays with a thickness not exceeding 1 cm; quickly place it in a -45℃ ultra-low temperature freezer and freeze for 8 h to obtain a frozen solid; place the frozen solid in a freeze dryer, turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree in the chamber by 0.1 mbar, set the shelf temperature to -35℃, and dry for 24 h; gradually increase the shelf temperature to 35℃ (heating rate 5℃ / h), and continue drying at this temperature for 8 h to obtain a porous solid block; (5) Crushing and packaging: The porous solid block obtained in step (4) is crushed through a 40-mesh sieve under the conditions of relative humidity <20% and temperature <25℃, and immediately vacuum-packed with nitrogen in an aluminum foil bag to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation, which is stored away from light.

[0041] Performance testing experiments: (I) Exploratory Experiment on Phospholipid Encapsulation Treatment 1. Experimental methods: After being placed under different environments for 60 days, the retention rate of tributyric acid glyceride in the compound fatty acid preparations prepared with and without phospholipid encapsulation was detected (GC-FID detection), the change in acid value (mg KOH / g, AV titration method), and the oxidation index (peroxide value PV, meq / kg, TBARS method determination) were detected.

[0042] 2. Experimental Groups: (1) Take 1.8 kg of the compound fatty acid preparation prepared in Comparative Example 3 and divide it into 3 groups. Each group has 3 replicate samples, each sample is 200 g. The first group is filled with nitrogen, sealed and stored in a brown glass bottle and observed in an environment of 25°C. The second group is filled with nitrogen, sealed and stored in a brown glass bottle and observed in an environment of 40°C. The third group is sealed and stored in a brown glass bottle and observed in an environment of 40°C and 80% RH.

[0043] (2) Take 1.8 kg of the compound fatty acid preparation prepared in Example 1 and divide it into 3 groups, with 3 replicate samples in each group and 200 g of each sample. The first group was nitrogen-filled, sealed and stored in a brown glass bottle and observed in an environment of 25°C; the second group was nitrogen-filled, sealed and stored in a brown glass bottle and observed in an environment of 40°C; the third group was sealed and stored in a brown glass bottle and observed in an environment of 40°C and 80% RH.

[0044] 3. Experimental Results and Analysis: The retention rate of tributyric acid glyceride, acid value change, and oxidation index of the compound fatty acid preparations obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1. Retention rate, acid value change, and oxidation index of glyceryl tartrate in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3

[0046] Table 1 shows that, compared with Comparative Example 3, the tricresyl peroxide (TPO) preparation prepared by phospholipid encapsulation in Example 1 still maintained a tricresyl peroxide (TPO) content of over 90% under high temperature and high humidity conditions, significantly delaying degradation; the acid value of the tricresyl peroxide preparation prepared in Example 1 increased more slowly under high humidity conditions, indicating that the ester bonds were not easily hydrolyzed and the coating layer effectively blocked water penetration; the tricresyl peroxide preparation prepared in Example 1 significantly reduced the oxidation rate, especially under the combined effects of high temperature and high humidity, the protective effect was more obvious.

[0047] (II) Effects of compound fatty acid preparations on the growth performance of AA broilers 1. Test materials: (1) Experimental animals: 600 AA broiler chickens of uniform size and similar weight from a self-raised farm in Henan Province; (2) Feed: Basal ration; (3) Additives: Complex fatty acid preparations prepared from Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.

[0048] 2. Experimental Groups: Six hundred AA broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups: control group 1, control group 2, control group 3, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3, with 10 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. The weight of each group of chickens was weighed and recorded. Control group 1 was fed a basal diet; control group 2 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 1 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); control group 3 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 2 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 1 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 1 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 2 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 2 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); and experimental group 3 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 3 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet). The experiment lasted for 42 days.

[0049] 3. Data indicator measurement: Production performance: Daily feed intake of broilers was recorded in repetitions, and weekly residual feed and broiler weight were tallied. The average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio for each group over the entire period were calculated using the following formula: Average daily feed intake = [Total feed intake per replicate / (Number of chickens per replicate × Number of days in the experiment)]; Average daily weight gain = [Total weight gain per replicate / (Number of chickens per replicate × Number of days in the experiment)]; Feed conversion ratio = Total feed consumption of broilers / Total weight gain of broilers; 4. Experimental Results and Analysis: The production performance of AA broilers in control group 1, control group 2, control group 3, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2. Effects of different ratios of compound fatty acid formulations on the production performance of AA broilers.

[0051] Note: Different letters in the superscript of data in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while the same letter or no letter indicates no significant difference (P>0.05). Table 2 shows that compared with control group 1, experimental group 1 had a significantly higher average daily weight gain (P<0.05) and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Control groups 2 and 3, and experimental group 2 all showed increased average daily weight gain (P>0.05) and decreased feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). Experimental group 3 showed increased average daily weight gain (P>0.05) and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). This indicates that adding the phytosterols and fatty acids and their derivatives from this invention to broiler diets in the appropriate proportions can reduce the feed conversion ratio and increase daily weight gain. Compared with control group 2, the weight gain of the control group on day 3 was increased (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased (P>0.05). This indicates that fatty acids and their derivatives have a better growth-promoting effect on animals than phytosterols; Compared with control group 3, the daily weight gain of experimental groups 1 and 3 was increased (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased (P>0.05). The results indicate that the simultaneous addition of phytosterols and fatty acids and their derivatives has a good synergistic effect. Compared with experimental group 2, the daily weight gain of experimental group 1 was improved (P>0.05) and the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced (P<0.05); compared with experimental group 3, the daily weight gain of experimental group 1 was improved (P>0.05) and the feed conversion ratio was also reduced (P>0.05); indicating that the compound fatty acid preparation prepared in Example 1 has a better additive effect.

[0052] (III) Effects of compound fatty acid preparations on the growth performance of Gushi broilers 1. Test materials: (1) Experimental animals: 600 0-day-old Gushi broilers of uniform size and similar weight from a self-raised farm in Henan.

[0053] (2) Feed: Basal ration (3) Additives: Complex fatty acid preparations prepared from Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.

[0054] 2. Experimental Groups: Six hundred Gushi broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups: control group 1, control group 2, control group 3, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3, with 10 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. The weight of each group of chickens was weighed and recorded. Control group 1 was fed a basal diet; control group 2 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 1 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); control group 3 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 2 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 1 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 1 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 2 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 2 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); and experimental group 3 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 3 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet). The experiment lasted for 140 days.

[0055] 3. The determination of data indicators is the same as in (II).

[0056] 4. Experimental Results and Analysis: The production performance of Gushi broiler chickens in control group 1, control group 2, control group 3, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0057] Table 3. Effects of different ratios of compound fatty acid formulations on the production performance of Gushi broilers.

[0058] Note: Different letters in the superscript of data in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while the same letter or no letter indicates no significant difference (P>0.05). Table 3 shows that compared with control group 1, experimental group 1 had a significantly higher average daily weight gain (P<0.05) and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Control groups 2 and 3, and experimental group 2 all showed increased average daily weight gain (P>0.05) and decreased feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). Experimental group 3 showed increased average daily weight gain (P>0.05) and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). This indicates that adding the phytosterols and fatty acids and their derivatives from this invention to broiler diets in the appropriate proportions can reduce the feed conversion ratio and increase daily weight gain. Compared with control group 2, the weight gain of the control group on day 3 was increased (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased (P>0.05). This indicates that fatty acids and their derivatives have a better growth-promoting effect on animals than phytosterols; Compared with control group 3, experimental group 3 showed increased daily weight gain (P>0.05) and decreased feed conversion ratio (P>0.05), while experimental group 1 showed increased daily weight gain (P>0.05) and significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The results indicate that the simultaneous addition of phytosterols and fatty acids and their derivatives has a good synergistic effect. Compared with experimental groups 2 and 3, the daily weight gain of experimental group 1 was improved (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was also reduced (P>0.05); indicating that the compound fatty acid preparation prepared in Example 1 had a better additive effect.

[0059] (iv) Verification of the synergistic effect of phytosterols and fatty acids on broiler growth performance 1. Test materials: (1) Experimental animals: 600 AA broiler chickens of uniform size and similar weight from a self-raised farm in Henan Province.

[0060] (2) Feed: Basal ration (3) Additives: The compound fatty acid preparations prepared by comparative examples 4, 5, 6, 7 and 1.

[0061] 2. Experimental Groups: Six hundred AA broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups: control group 1, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, experimental group 4, and experimental group 5, with 10 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. The weight of each group of chickens was weighed and recorded. Control group 1 was fed a basal diet; experimental group 1 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 4 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 2 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 5 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 3 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 6 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); experimental group 4 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Comparative Example 7 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet); and experimental group 5 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 1 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet). The experiment lasted for 42 days.

[0062] 3. The determination of data indicators is the same as in (II).

[0063] 4. Experimental Results and Analysis: The production performance of AA broilers in control group 1, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, experimental group 4, and experimental group 5 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0064] Table 4. Effects of different ratios of compound fatty acid formulations on the production performance of AA broilers.

[0065] Note: Different letters in the superscript of data in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while the same letter or no letter indicates no significant difference (P>0.05). Table 4 shows that compared with control group 1, the average daily weight gain of experimental groups 1, 2, and 5 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the average daily weight gain of experimental groups 3 and 4 was increased (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased (P>0.05), indicating that the phytosterols and fatty acids in the compound fatty acid preparation have a significant beneficial effect on the growth performance of broilers.

[0066] Compared with experimental group 4, experimental group 3 showed an increase in average daily weight gain (P>0.05) and a decrease in feed conversion ratio (P>0.05), indicating that tributyric acid glyceride had a better effect on the growth performance of broilers than linoleic acid.

[0067] Compared with experimental groups 1 and 2, experimental group 5 showed a significantly higher average daily weight gain (P<0.05) and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). This indicates that the combined use of complex fatty acids and complex sterols has a more significant effect on improving the growth performance of broilers.

[0068] (v) Efficacy test 1. Test materials: (1) Experimental animals: 400 0-day-old 817 breed broilers of uniform size and similar weight from a certain self-raised farm.

[0069] (2) Feed: Basal ration (3) Additives: The compound fatty acid preparation prepared in Example 1.

[0070] 2. Experimental Groups: Four hundred chickens were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3, with 10 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. The weight of each group of chickens was weighed and recorded. The control group was fed a basal diet, experimental group 1 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 1 (added at 1‰ of the basal diet), experimental group 2 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 1 (added at 2‰ of the basal diet), and experimental group 3 was fed a basal diet plus the compound fatty acid preparation from Example 1 (added at 5‰ of the basal diet). The experiment lasted for 49 days.

[0071] 3. The determination of data indicators is the same as in (II).

[0072] 4. Experimental Results and Analysis: The production performance of AA broilers in the control group, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0073] Table 5. Effects of different addition ratios on broiler production performance.

[0074] Table 5 shows that compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of experimental group 1 was increased (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with experimental group 2, the average daily weight gain of experimental group 3 was increased (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was also decreased (P>0.05). In conclusion, in broiler farming, using Example 1 of this invention, with an addition amount within the range of 2‰ to 5‰ of the basal diet, can significantly improve daily weight gain and reduce the feed conversion ratio.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can modify or make equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention, without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth, characterized in that, It is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts stigmasterol, 2-4 parts campesterol, 10-20 parts linoleic acid, 12-24 parts tartrate glyceryl ester, 1-2 parts emulsifier, 3-5 parts soybean lecithin, 3-5 parts protectant, and 30-80 parts water.

2. The compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emulsifier is a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80; the protectant is a mixture of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

3. The compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Span 80 to Tween 80 is (1-5):(0.8-4); the mass ratio of trehalose to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is (1.5-3):(1-2).

4. The method for preparing the compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) After mixing stigmasterol and campesterol, add them to a mixed solution of linoleic acid and glyceryl tartrate, mix well, and obtain a mixed oil phase; (2) Heat the water to 50℃~60℃, add emulsifier to the water, mix well, and obtain a mixed aqueous phase; (3) Under high-speed shearing conditions, the mixed oil phase is added to the mixed aqueous phase and emulsified to obtain an emulsion; (4) The temperature of the emulsion is maintained at 40℃±2℃. Soybean lecithin is added to the emulsion under high-speed shearing conditions. After high-speed shearing treatment, ultrasonic crushing treatment is performed to obtain lecithin-encapsulated emulsion. (5) Add a protective agent to the phospholipid encapsulation emulsion, mix well and then pre-freeze to obtain a frozen solid. The frozen solid is then dried once and then dried twice to obtain a porous solid block. (6) The porous solid block is crushed and sieved to obtain a compound fatty acid preparation that promotes chicken growth.

5. The method for preparing the compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (4), the high-speed shearing speed is 8000-10000 rpm and the high-speed shearing treatment time is 10-20 min; the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic crushing treatment is 600-1000 W and the ultrasonic crushing treatment time is 10-20 min.

6. The method for preparing the compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (5), the pre-freezing temperature is -45℃ to -60℃ and the pre-freezing time is 4 to 8 hours; the vacuum degree of the first drying process is 0.1 to 0.5 mbar, the temperature is -35℃ to -60℃, and the drying time is 24 to 48 hours; the temperature of the second drying process is 30℃ to 35℃ and the drying time is 8 to 16 hours.

7. The method for preparing the compound fatty acid preparation for promoting chicken growth according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (3), the emulsification process includes primary emulsification and secondary emulsification. The primary emulsification process uses high-speed shearing, with a stirring speed of 8000-10000 rpm and a stirring time of 10-20 min. The secondary emulsification process uses high-pressure homogenization, with a pressure of 20-30 MPa and a time of 20-30 min.

8. The use of the compound fatty acid preparation according to any one of claims 1-3 in feed or feed additives that promote chicken growth.

9. A feed additive for promoting chicken growth, characterized in that, The feed additive contains the compound fatty acid preparation according to any one of claims 1-3.

10. A feed for promoting chicken growth, characterized in that, The feed contains the compound fatty acid preparation according to any one of claims 1-3.

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