Crankshaft forging free forging equipment and process

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of crank forging free forging equipment and process, it is related to free forging equipment technical field, including hydraulic press, the bottom of hydraulic press is provided with two lower anvil, hydraulic press and lower anvil are used to cooperate and carry out the free forging of crank workpiece, the bottom of hydraulic press is provided with anvil seat assembly, anvil seat assembly is used to carry and switch two lower anvils;Through the operation of anvil seat assembly, two frame components of translatable switching are designed, two frame components are installed with different models lower anvil respectively, the lower anvil of real-time switching processing position is needed according to forging, and four-face enclosure, single-face bolt detachable structure is designed, only one side is removed, and lower anvil can be slid in or out, without integral lifting alignment, while the frame component of non-processing position can be laterally elevated to form slope, lower anvil can be directly slid along slope, greatly simplify dismounting step, and hydraulic press always has lower anvil in processing position continuous work, greatly improve equipment utilization and continuous production rhythm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of free forging equipment technology, specifically to a free forging equipment and process for crankshaft forgings. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of internal combustion engines, compressors, and other equipment, the crankshaft's performance directly affects the reliability and lifespan of the entire machine. Free forging is one of the important processes for manufacturing large, high-strength crankshaft blanks, and crankshaft forging equipment is a specialized hydraulic press used to complete this process. This equipment applies enormous pressure to the high-temperature steel billet through upper and lower anvils, causing plastic deformation and thus initially obtaining the basic shape and streamlines of the crankshaft. Its function is to improve the internal structure of the material through flexible deformation methods, obtaining crankshaft forging blanks with superior mechanical properties, laying a solid foundation for subsequent precision machining.

[0003] However, existing crankshaft free forging equipment faces significant operational bottlenecks and quality risks when continuously producing crankshafts of different parts or specifications. Firstly, during the forging process, the lower anvil needs frequent replacement depending on the shape of different parts of the forging. Existing equipment typically uses a fixed lower anvil seat, requiring machine shutdown for replacement. Operators must use lifting equipment for disassembly, installation, and calibration, a cumbersome and time-consuming process that severely impacts production cycle time and equipment utilization, and poses certain safety risks. Secondly, the high-temperature oxide scale generated during forging splashes and adheres to the lower anvil and anvil seat surfaces. If this hard and brittle oxide scale is not removed promptly, it will be pressed into the forging surface during subsequent forging processes, forming defects such as pits and folds, damaging the product's surface quality and dimensional accuracy, and even leading to scrap. Summary of the Invention

[0004] A crankshaft forging free forging equipment includes a hydraulic press. Two lower anvils are located at the bottom of the hydraulic press. The hydraulic press and the lower anvils cooperate to perform free forging of the crankshaft workpiece. An anvil assembly is located at the bottom of the hydraulic press. The anvil assembly supports and switches between the two lower anvils. The anvil assembly includes a guide component and two frame components. The guide component switches the positions of the two lower anvils. The frame components enable quick assembly and disassembly of the lower anvils and facilitate the removal of oxide scale. The guide component includes a support frame, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hydraulic press. The support frame is a hollow shape with an open top. The frame component includes a guide frame, which is slidably connected within the support frame. A rotating plate is rotatably connected to the top of the guide frame near the slide groove. A limit frame is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating plate. A guide groove is provided on the limit frame, and a limit rod is inserted into the guide groove. The limit rod and the limit frame are detachably connected by bolts. A bearing plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate.

[0005] Furthermore, the guide component also includes a slide groove, which is formed on the side wall of the support frame. A hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the support frame near the slide groove, and a threaded rod is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the support frame near the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder includes a fixed end and an output shaft. The output shaft end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the threaded rod. Two support blocks are symmetrically threaded on the threaded rod. The support blocks are slidably connected to the slide groove, and a bellows is sleeved on the threaded rod.

[0006] Furthermore, the frame component also includes three T-slots, which are arranged in a straight line on the inner wall of the guide frame. Three hydraulic push rods are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide frame in a straight line. Each hydraulic push rod includes a fixed end and a telescopic shaft. The telescopic shaft end of the hydraulic push rod faces the support plate side. A wedge block is fixedly connected to the telescopic shaft end of the three hydraulic push rods. Three L-shaped rods are fixedly connected to the top of the wedge block in a straight line. The top of the L-shaped rods is bent towards the support plate side. Each of the three L-shaped rods has a fixed insert rod at its top. Three limiting grooves are arranged in a straight line on the inner wall of the guide frame near the hydraulic push rods. A slider is slidably connected to each of the three limiting grooves. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the end of each slider away from the corresponding limiting groove. The end of the rotating rod away from the slider is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate. A vibrator is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate.

[0007] Furthermore, both ends of the bellows are fixedly connected to the support frame, and the bellows is fixedly connected to both support blocks. There is an electrical connection between the hydraulic cylinder and the control system of the hydraulic press.

[0008] Furthermore, the guide frame is fixedly connected to one end of the adjacent support block inside the support frame, the lower surface of the rotating plate abuts against the top of the guide frame, the limiting frame is U-shaped, the U-shaped opening of the limiting frame faces the support block, the bottom of the limiting frame has a slot, the bottom of the lower anvil has an outwardly extending step, and the slot of the limiting frame and the step of the lower anvil are inserted into each other.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom end of the bearing plate abuts against the bottom of the inner wall of the guide frame, the bottom end of the bearing plate is set as an inclined surface, the side of the wedge block near the bearing plate is set as an inclined surface, the inclined surface of the wedge block and the inclined surface of the bottom end of the bearing plate are pressed together, and the hydraulic push rod and vibrator are electrically connected to the control system of the hydraulic press.

[0010] Furthermore, the T-slot is divided into a horizontal slot at the top and a vertical slot at the bottom. The insert rod is inserted into the horizontal slot of the T-slot. The horizontal slot of the T-slot is used to restrict the movement of the bearing plate by engaging with the insert rod. The vertical slot of the T-slot is used to allow the L-shaped rod to pass through. The bottom surface of the wedge block slides into the bottom surface of the inner wall of the hydraulic press.

[0011] A free forging process for crankshaft forgings includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Initial Equipment Inspection and Preparation: Confirm that the hydraulic press is in a non-working state, the anvil assembly is in its initial state, one of the guide frames is located directly below the hydraulic press, neither of the two lower anvils is installed, the limit rod is not inserted into the guide groove, the rotating plate is in contact with the top surface of the guide frame, the insertion rod is inserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot, the hydraulic push rod telescopic shaft is not extended, the slider is located at the bottom of the limit groove, and check that the electrical connections of the hydraulic press control system, hydraulic cylinder, vibrator, etc. are normal.

[0013] Step 2: Anvil Installation Operation: The operator installs two different models of anvils on the two rotating plates respectively, inserts the anvil horizontally into the limiting frame, and makes the bottom step of the anvil engage with the slot of the limiting frame until the anvil touches the end of the limiting frame away from the support block. Then, the limiting rod is inserted into the guide groove and fixed to the limiting frame with bolts to realize the limiting installation of the anvil.

[0014] Further, step three: initial forging and anvil switching: start the hydraulic press, and use the lower anvil located directly below the hydraulic press to complete the initial free forging of the crankshaft workpiece in conjunction with the upper anvil of the hydraulic press. When it is necessary to switch the lower anvil to cooperate with the forging of complex irregular long shafts, the hydraulic press control system drives the hydraulic cylinder to run. The hydraulic cylinder drives the threaded rod to rotate, so that the two support blocks move linearly along the slide, thereby driving the two guide frames and the lower anvil to translate, switching the lower anvil to be used to the forging position, and moving the lower anvil in the original forging position to the non-machining position.

[0015] Step 4: Removal of oxide scale from the lower anvil in the non-processing position: After the lower anvil is moved to the non-processing position, the hydraulic press control system drives the hydraulic push rod to extend, pushing the wedge block to move, causing the insert rod to disengage from the horizontal groove of the T-slot. The wedge block squeezes the bearing plate through the inclined surface, driving the rotating plate to rotate around the rotation connection point with the guide frame as the fulcrum, until the slider slides to the top of the limit groove. Then the vibrator is started, and the vibration is transmitted to the lower anvil through the rotating plate, causing the attached oxide scale to loosen and fall off. The oxide scale slides off along the inclined rotating plate and the inclined surface of the lower anvil.

[0016] Further, step five: lower anvil replacement and reset: If the lower anvil needs to be replaced, remove the limiting rod in the non-processing position. Utilize the tilted state of the lower anvil to make it slide downwards along the opening of the limiting frame. Before replacing the new lower anvil, drive the hydraulic push rod to retract through the control system, causing the wedge block to reset. The rotating plate and the bearing plate reset under gravity. The insert rod is reinserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot, and the slider slides back to the bottom of the limiting groove. After the frame components are reset, the lower anvil can be switched again for forging through the guide components. No machine stoppage is required throughout the process, ensuring production continuity.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The design incorporates two movable and switchable frame components, each housing a different type of lower anvil. The lower anvil can be switched in real time according to forging requirements. The design features a four-sided enclosed structure with detachable bolts on one side, allowing the lower anvil to slide in or out by disassembling only one side, eliminating the need for overall hoisting and alignment. Additionally, the frame component in the non-processing position can be raised laterally to form an inclined surface, allowing the lower anvil to slide out directly along the inclined surface, significantly simplifying the disassembly and assembly steps. Furthermore, the hydraulic press always has a lower anvil in the processing position, continuously working and greatly improving equipment utilization and continuous production cycle time.

[0019] By utilizing the anvil assembly, a tilting and vibration structure for the frame components in the non-machining position was designed. This structure can automatically remove oxide scale and impurities, preventing oxide scale from being pressed into the crankshaft workpiece during free forging. This improves the yield of free forging of crankshaft workpieces. Furthermore, all replacement and cleaning work is completed in the non-machining position, far away from the forging area, thus avoiding safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the support frame, threaded rod, and other structures of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the support block, guide frame, and other structures of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the guide frame, limiting frame, and other structures of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the guide frame, support plate, and other structures of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the support frame, wedge block, and other structures of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the guide frame, rotating plate, and other structures of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the supporting plate, L-shaped rod, and other structures of the present invention.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 11. Hydraulic press; 12. Crankshaft workpiece; 13. Lower anvil;

[0032] The anvil assembly includes guide components and frame components.

[0033] The guide components include:

[0034] 21. Support frame; 22. Slide groove; 23. Hydraulic cylinder; 24. Threaded rod; 25. Support block; 26. Bellows;

[0035] The frame components include:

[0036] 31. Guide frame; 32. Rotating plate; 33. Limiting frame; 34. Guide groove; 35. Limiting rod; 36. Bearing plate; 37. T-slot; 38. Hydraulic push rod; 39. Wedge block; 310. L-shaped rod; 311. Insert rod; 312. Limiting groove; 313. Slider; 314. Rotating rod; 315. Vibrator. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a crankshaft forging free forging equipment includes a hydraulic press 11, with two lower anvils 13 arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic press 11. The hydraulic press 11 and the lower anvils 13 are used to cooperate in the free forging of the crankshaft workpiece 12.

[0040] The hydraulic press 11 is equipped with a control system. The hydraulic press 11 is equipped with an upper anvil, and the upper anvil of the hydraulic press 11 corresponds to the lower anvil 13. The two lower anvils 13 are of different models. Here, we take a flat anvil and a V-shaped anvil as examples respectively. The hydraulic press 11, the crankshaft workpiece 12, and the lower anvil 13 are all existing known technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] The bottom of the hydraulic press 11 is provided with an anvil assembly, which is used to support and switch between two lower anvils 13.

[0042] The anvil assembly includes a guide component and two frame components. The guide component is used to switch the positions of the two lower anvils 13. The frame components are used to enable quick installation and removal of the lower anvils 13 and facilitate the removal of oxide scale.

[0043] The guide component includes a support frame 21, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hydraulic press 11. The support frame 21 is a hollow shape with an open top. A groove 22 is provided on the side wall of the support frame 21. A hydraulic cylinder 23 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the support frame 21 near the groove 22. A threaded rod 24 is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the support frame 21 near the hydraulic cylinder 23. The hydraulic cylinder 23 includes a fixed end and an output shaft. The output shaft end of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is fixedly connected to the threaded rod 24. Two support blocks 25 are symmetrically threaded on the threaded rod 24. The support blocks 25 are slidably connected to the groove 22. A bellows 26 is sleeved on the threaded rod 24.

[0044] Specifically, the two ends of the bellows 26 are fixedly connected to the support frame 21, and the bellows 26 is also fixedly connected to both support blocks 25. The bellows 26 serves to protect the threaded rod 24, preventing oxide scale splashed during free forging from affecting the threaded rod 24.

[0045] Among them, there is an electrical connection between the hydraulic cylinder 23 and the control system of the hydraulic press 11.

[0046] The frame component includes a guide frame 31, which is slidably connected within a support frame 21. A rotating plate 32 is rotatably connected to the top of the guide frame 31 near the slide groove 22. A limiting frame 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating plate 32. A guide groove 34 is provided on the limiting frame 33, and a limiting rod 35 is inserted into the guide groove 34. The limiting rod 35 is detachably connected to the limiting frame 33 by bolts. A bearing plate 36 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate 32. Three T-slots 37 are arranged in a linear array on the bearing plate 36. Three hydraulic push rods 38 are fixedly connected in a linear array to the inner wall of the guide frame 31. Each hydraulic push rod 38 includes a fixed end and a telescopic shaft. The telescopic shaft end of the hydraulic push rod 38 faces the bearing plate 36. A wedge block 39 is fixedly connected to the telescopic shaft end of rod 38. Three L-shaped rods 310 are fixedly connected to the top of the wedge block 39 in a straight array. The top of the L-shaped rods 310 is bent toward the support plate 36. Each of the three L-shaped rods 310 is fixedly connected to a plug rod 311. Three limiting grooves 312 are opened in a straight array on the inner side wall of the guide frame 31 near the hydraulic push rod 38. A slider 313 is slidably connected in each of the three limiting grooves 312. A rotating rod 314 is rotatably connected to the end of each slider 313 away from the corresponding limiting groove 312. The end of the rotating rod 314 away from the slider 313 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate 32. A vibrator 315 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate 32.

[0047] Wherein: the guide frame 31 is fixedly connected to one end of the adjacent support block 25 located inside the support frame 21, and the lower surface of the rotating plate 32 abuts against and fits against the top of the guide frame 31.

[0048] Among them, the limiting frame 33 is set to U-shape, and the U-shaped opening side of the limiting frame 33 faces the support block 25 side.

[0049] Wherein: the bottom of the limiting frame 33 is provided with a slot, and the bottom of the lower anvil 13 is provided with an outwardly extending step, and the slot of the limiting frame 33 and the step of the lower anvil 13 are inserted and matched.

[0050] Wherein: the bottom end of the bearing plate 36 abuts against the bottom of the inner wall of the guide frame 31, the bottom end of the bearing plate 36 is set as an inclined surface, the side of the wedge block 39 near the bearing plate 36 is set as an inclined surface, and the inclined surface of the wedge block 39 is pressed and fitted with the inclined surface of the bottom end of the bearing plate 36.

[0051] The hydraulic push rod 38 and the vibrator 315 are both electrically connected to the control system of the hydraulic press 11. Both the hydraulic push rod 38 and the vibrator 315 are existing technologies and will not be described further here.

[0052] The T-slot 37 is divided into a horizontal slot at the top and a vertical slot at the bottom. The insertion rod 311 is inserted into the horizontal slot of the T-slot 37. The horizontal slot of the T-slot 37 is used to restrict the movement of the bearing plate 36 by engaging with the insertion rod 311. The vertical slot of the T-slot 37 is used for the passage of the L-shaped rod 310.

[0053] Among them, the bottom surface of the wedge block 39 slides in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the hydraulic press 11.

[0054] The limiting groove 312, slider 313, and rotating rod 314 work together to limit the rotation angle of the rotating plate 32 on the guide frame 31.

[0055] When the hydraulic press 11 has not yet performed the forging operation on the crankshaft workpiece 12, that is, in the initial state of the anvil assembly, the structural states of the anvil assembly are as follows:

[0056] One of the guide frames 31 is located directly below the hydraulic press 11. Neither of the two lower anvils 13 is installed on the top surface of the corresponding rotating plate 32. The limiting rod 35 is not inserted into the guide groove 34. The rotating plate 32 has not yet rotated on the guide frame 31. The lower surface of the rotating plate 32 is in contact with the top surface of the guide frame 31. The insert rod 311 is inserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37. The telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 has not yet extended. The wedge block 39 is not in contact with the bearing plate 36. The slider 313 is located at the bottom end of the limiting groove 312.

[0057] When the hydraulic press 11 needs to perform forging work on the crankshaft workpiece 12, the lower anvil 13 needs to be installed on the guide frame 31, as follows:

[0058] At this point, the operator horizontally inserts the lower anvil 13 into the limiting frame 33, so that the step of the lower anvil 13 is inserted into the slot of the limiting frame 33 until the lower anvil 13 is pressed against the end of the limiting frame 33 away from the support block 25. After completion, the operator inserts the limiting rod 35 into the guide groove 34 and uses bolts to limit the limiting rod 35 to be installed on the limiting frame 33. At this point, the limiting rod 35 blocks one side of the opening of the limiting frame 33, and both the limiting frame 33 and the limiting rod 35 are in contact with the side wall of the lower anvil 13, thus achieving the limitation installation of the lower anvil 13 on the rotating plate 32. According to the above operation, the operator installs two different models of lower anvils 13 on the two rotating plates 32 respectively, according to the forging requirements of the current crankshaft workpiece 12.

[0059] At this time, one of the lower anvils 13 is located directly below the hydraulic press 11, that is, on the forging path of the upper anvil of the hydraulic press 11. The operator starts the hydraulic press 11, and through the cooperation of the hydraulic press 11 and the lower anvil 13, the lower anvil 13 is forged freely.

[0060] As the forging of crankshaft workpiece 12 proceeds, since crankshaft workpiece 12 needs to be forged into a complex, irregular long shaft shape, another anvil 13 needs to be moved to the forging position of hydraulic press 11 to cooperate in forging the complex shape. Specifically, the control system of hydraulic press 11 drives hydraulic cylinder 23 to operate, and the operation of hydraulic cylinder 23 causes its output shaft to rotate. As the output shaft of hydraulic cylinder 23 rotates, it drives threaded rod 24 to rotate synchronously. As threaded rod 24 rotates, threaded rod 24 tends to drive the two support blocks 25 on it to deflect along the thread direction. However, because the support blocks 25 are slidably limited by the slide groove 22, This allows the support block 25 to move linearly only along the axial direction of the slide groove 22. As the threaded rod 24 rotates, it drives the two support blocks 25 on it to move linearly along the axial direction of the slide groove 22. During the movement of the two support blocks 25, each support block 25 drives its corresponding guide frame 31 to move synchronously, causing the two guide frames 31 to slide horizontally within the support frame 21. This means the two guide frames 31 drive the lower anvil 13 on them to move, causing the lower anvil 13 previously engaged with the hydraulic press 11 to move away from the bottom of the hydraulic press 11, while the lower anvil 13 to be used moves to the forging position on the upper anvil of the hydraulic press 11. At this time, the hydraulic press 11 can perform free forging of the crankshaft workpiece 12 by cooperating with the newly switched forging position lower anvil 13.

[0061] When the anvil 13 is switched to a position no longer in the forging position of the hydraulic press 11, the control system of the hydraulic press 11 drives the hydraulic push rod 38 to run, thereby extending the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38. As the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 extends, the end of the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 pushes the wedge block 39 to move towards the bearing plate 36. As the wedge block 39 moves, the wedge block 39 drives the insertion rod 311 to move synchronously through the L-shaped rod 310, so that the insertion rod 311 passes through the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37 and moves towards the side of the bearing plate 36 away from the hydraulic push rod 38. During this process, the L-shaped rod 310 passes through the vertical groove of the T-slot 37, so that the top of the L-shaped rod 310 is also located on the side of the bearing plate 36 away from the hydraulic push rod 38. Until the wedge block 39 moves to the bottom inclined surface of the bearing plate 36, as the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 continues to extend, the inclined surface of the wedge block 39 presses against the bottom inclined surface of the bearing plate 36. Under the guidance of the inclined surface, the wedge block 39 pushes the bearing plate 36 to move upward. As the bearing plate 36 moves upward, the bearing plate 36 drives the rotating plate 32 to move upward synchronously. Then, the rotating plate 32 rotates away from the guide frame 31 with the rotatable connection position of the guide frame 31 as the fulcrum. That is, the bearing plate 36 is in a state of being driven to rotate obliquely upward.

[0062] During this process, since the insertion rod 311 is already located on the side of the bearing plate 36 away from the hydraulic push rod 38, and the insertion rod 311 moves synchronously with the wedge block 39, when the wedge block 39 moves to tilt the bearing plate 36, a gap remains between the insertion rod 311 and the bearing plate 36, thus placing the insertion rod 311 in a position that does not affect the rotation of the bearing plate 36. During the rotation of the bearing plate 36, the vertical groove of the T-slot 37 travels obliquely upwards on the L-shaped rod 310, and the L-shaped rod 310 also does not affect the rotation of the bearing plate 36.

[0063] As the rotating plate 32 rotates on the guide frame 31, the rotating plate 32 applies an upward pulling force to the slider 313 through the rotating rod 314, thereby causing the slider 313 to slide upward within the limiting groove 312. It should be noted that when the slider 313 slides to the top of the limiting groove 312, the rotating plate 32 can no longer rotate. That is, the cooperation of the limiting groove 312, the slider 313, and the rotating rod 314 sets the maximum rotation angle of the rotating plate 32, thereby avoiding excessive rotation angle from affecting the reset.

[0064] As the rotating plate 32 rotates, the lower anvil 13, which is limited and installed on the rotating plate 32, is also driven to rotate until the rotating plate 32 rotates to the maximum angle. At this time, the lower anvil 13 is driven to be in an inclined state. At this time, the control system of the hydraulic press 11 drives the vibrator 315 to run. As the vibrator 315 runs, the vibrator 315 applies vibration to the rotating plate 32. The vibration is transmitted to the lower anvil 13 through the rotating plate 32. As a result, the oxide scale that is attached to the lower anvil 13 and the rotating plate 32 due to the forging spatter of the crankshaft workpiece 12 gradually loosens and falls off under the action of vibration. Since the rotating plate 32 and the lower anvil 13 are both in an inclined state at this time, an inclined surface guide is provided for the loosened oxide scale, so that the loosened oxide scale is removed from the lower anvil 13 and the rotating plate 32 along the inclined surface.

[0065] After the oxide scale is removed, if the operator needs to replace it with a different model of lower anvil 13, or if the lower anvil 13 is damaged due to forging pressure and needs to be replaced, the operator can replace the lower anvil 13 at the current non-processing position of the hydraulic press 11. Since both the rotating plate 32 and the lower anvil 13 are tilted at this time, when the operator removes the limiting rod 35 from the limiting frame 33 by bolts, the opening side of the limiting frame 33 is no longer blocked. At this time, the opening side of the limiting frame 33 is located at the lowest point of the inclined surface of the rotating plate 32, that is, the opening side of the limiting frame 33 is tilted downwards. The lower anvil 13 can slide down the inclined guide surface and exit the limiting frame 33, making it easy for the operator to remove the lower anvil 13. When a new lower anvil 13 needs to be installed, the rotating plate 32 needs to be rotated back to its original position so that the lower anvil 13 can slide horizontally into place. This saves the operator effort, as detailed below:

[0066] The control system drives the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 to retract, and the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 drives the wedge block 39 to reset synchronously. As the wedge block 39 is driven to move towards the hydraulic push rod 38, under the guidance of the inclined surface and the gravity of the rotating plate 32 and the lower anvil 13, the rotating plate 32 pushes the bearing plate 36 to reset downward. At this time, the slider 313 slides downward in the limiting groove 312. During this process, since the bottom end of the bearing plate 36 always abuts against the inclined surface of the wedge block 39, the bearing plate 36 slides downward along the inclined surface of the wedge block 39 to reset until the bearing plate 36 abuts against the bottom surface of the inner wall of the guide frame 31. At this time, the rotating plate 32 abuts against the top of the guide frame 31 again, and the bearing plate 36 slides to the bottom of the inclined surface of the wedge block 39, and the bearing plate 36 is in a vertical state. The insertion rod 311 remains located on the side of the bearing plate 36 away from the hydraulic push rod 38. As the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 continues to retract, the wedge block 39 drives the insertion rod 311 to move towards the hydraulic push rod 38, thereby inserting the insertion rod 311 into the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37. At this time, the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 is fully retracted, and the slider 313 slides to the bottom end within the limiting groove 312. At this point, all structures of the frame components are reset. When it is necessary to switch the lower anvil 13 again, the control system of the hydraulic press 11 can switch between the two lower anvils 13 for use through the guide components.

[0067] It should be noted that the removal of oxide scale from the rotating plate 32 and the lower anvil 13, as well as the replacement of the lower anvil 13, are all performed in the non-processing position of the hydraulic press 11. The hydraulic press 11 can switch to use the lower anvil 13 without stopping production, and the lower anvil 13 can be replaced in the non-processing position. This ensures that the operator is away from the free forging processing position and ensures the safety of the operator.

[0068] It should be noted that during the free forging process, the function of the bearing plate 36 is to share the impact force on the rotating plate 32 and ensure that each structure is not over-stressed and damaged during the operation of the hydraulic press 11.

[0069] It should be noted that the function of the T-slot 37 and the insert rod 311 is as follows: Since the rotating plate 32 can be rotated and opened at the top of the guide frame 31, the insertion of the insert rod 311 into the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37 applies a vertical limit to the rotating plate 32, so as to prevent the rotating plate 32 from being disturbed under the action of external force during the free forging process.

[0070] In summary, the following beneficial effects can be achieved through the operation of the anvil assembly:

[0071] Through the operation of the anvil assembly, two frame components that can be moved and switched are designed. Different models of lower anvils 13 are installed on the two frame components respectively. The processing position of the lower anvil 13 can be switched in real time according to the forging requirements. It is designed with a four-sided enclosure and a single-sided bolt detachable structure. Only one side needs to be disassembled to slide the lower anvil 13 in or out, without the need for overall hoisting and alignment. At the same time, the frame component in the non-processing position can be raised laterally to form an inclined surface, and the lower anvil 13 can slide directly out along the inclined surface, which greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly steps. Moreover, the hydraulic press 11 always has the lower anvil 13 in the processing position and continues to work, which greatly improves the equipment utilization rate and continuous production cycle.

[0072] By operating the anvil assembly, a tilting and vibration structure for the frame components in the non-machining position was designed, which can automatically remove oxide scale and impurities, preventing oxide scale from being pressed into the crankshaft workpiece 12 during free forging, thus improving the yield of free forging of the crankshaft workpiece 12. Moreover, all replacement and cleaning work is completed in the non-machining position far away from the forging area, avoiding safety hazards.

[0073] Example 2:

[0074] A free forging process for crankshaft forgings includes the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Initial Equipment Inspection and Preparation: Confirm that the hydraulic press 11 is in a non-working state, the anvil assembly is in its initial state, one of the guide frames 31 is located directly below the hydraulic press 11, neither of the two lower anvils 13 is installed, the limit rod 35 is not inserted into the guide groove 34, the rotating plate 32 is in contact with the top surface of the guide frame 31, the insertion rod 311 is inserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37, the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod 38 is not extended, the slider 313 is located at the bottom of the limit groove 312, and check that the electrical connections of the hydraulic press 11 control system, hydraulic cylinder 23, vibrator 315, etc. are normal.

[0076] Step 2: Installation of the lower anvil 13: The operator installs two different models of lower anvils 13 on the two rotating plates 32 respectively, inserts the lower anvil 13 horizontally into the limiting frame 33, and makes the bottom step of the lower anvil 13 engage with the slot of the limiting frame 33 until the lower anvil 13 touches the end of the limiting frame 33 away from the support block 25. Then, the limiting rod 35 is inserted into the guide groove 34 and fixed to the limiting frame 33 with bolts to realize the limiting installation of the lower anvil 13.

[0077] Step 3: Initial forging and switching of lower anvil 13: Start the hydraulic press 11 and use the lower anvil 13 located directly below the hydraulic press 11 to complete the initial free forging of the crankshaft workpiece 12 in conjunction with the upper anvil of the hydraulic press 11. When it is necessary to switch the lower anvil 13 to cooperate in forging a complex irregular long shaft, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is driven by the control system of the hydraulic press 11. The hydraulic cylinder 23 drives the threaded rod 24 to rotate, so that the two support blocks 25 move linearly along the slide 22, thereby driving the two guide frames 31 and the lower anvil 13 to translate, switching the lower anvil 13 to be used to the forging position, and moving the lower anvil 13 in the original forging position to the non-machining position.

[0078] Step 4: Oxide scale removal from the lower anvil 13 in the non-processing position: After the lower anvil 13 is moved to the non-processing position, the hydraulic press 11 control system drives the hydraulic push rod 38 to extend, pushing the wedge block 39 to move, so that the insertion rod 311 is disengaged from the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37. The wedge block 39 squeezes the bearing plate 36 through the inclined surface, driving the rotating plate 32 to rotate around the rotation connection point with the guide frame 31 as the fulcrum, until the slider 313 slides to the top of the limiting groove 312. Then the vibrator 315 is started, and the vibration is transmitted to the lower anvil 13 through the rotating plate 32, causing the attached oxide scale to loosen and fall off. The oxide scale slides down along the inclined rotating plate 32 and the inclined surface of the lower anvil 13.

[0079] Step 5: Replacement and Reset of Lower Anvil 13: If the lower anvil 13 needs to be replaced, remove the limiting rod 35 in the non-processing position. Utilize the tilted state of the lower anvil 13 to allow it to slide downwards along the opening of the limiting frame 33. Before replacing the new lower anvil 13, drive the hydraulic push rod 38 to retract through the control system, thereby resetting the wedge block 39. The rotating plate 32 and the bearing plate 36 will reset under gravity. The insertion rod 311 will be reinserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot 37, and the slider 313 will slide back to the bottom of the limiting groove 312. After the frame components are reset, the lower anvil 13 can be switched again for forging through the guide components. The entire process does not require machine downtime, ensuring continuous production.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft forging free forging equipment, comprising a hydraulic press (11), wherein two lower anvils (13) are provided at the bottom of the hydraulic press (11), and the hydraulic press (11) and the lower anvils (13) are used to cooperate in free forging of crankshaft workpieces (12), characterized in that: The bottom of the hydraulic press (11) is provided with an anvil assembly, which is used to support and switch between two lower anvils (13). The anvil assembly includes a guide component and two frame components. The guide component is used to switch the position of the two lower anvils (13), and the frame components are used to enable quick disassembly and assembly of the lower anvils (13) and facilitate the removal of oxide scale. The guide component includes a support frame (21), which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hydraulic press (11). The support frame (21) is set as a hollow shape with an opening at the top. Includes a guide frame (31), which is slidably connected to the support frame (21). A rotating plate (32) is rotatably connected to the top of the guide frame (31) near the slide groove (22). A limit frame (33) is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating plate (32). A guide groove (34) is provided on the limit frame (33). A limit rod (35) is inserted into the guide groove (34). The limit rod (35) is detachably connected to the limit frame (33) by bolts. A bearing plate (36) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate (32).

2. The crankshaft forging free forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide component also includes a slide groove (22), which is opened on the side wall of the support frame (21). A hydraulic cylinder (23) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the support frame (21) near the slide groove (22). A threaded rod (24) is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the support frame (21) near the hydraulic cylinder (23). The hydraulic cylinder (23) includes a fixed end and an output shaft. The output shaft end of the hydraulic cylinder (23) is fixedly connected to the threaded rod (24). Two support blocks (25) are symmetrically threaded on the threaded rod (24). The support blocks (25) are slidably connected to the slide groove (22). A bellows (26) is sleeved on the threaded rod (24).

3. The crankshaft forging free forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame component also includes three T-slots (37), which are arranged in a straight line on the inner wall of the guide frame (31). Three hydraulic push rods (38) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide frame (31) in a straight line. Each hydraulic push rod (38) includes a fixed end and a telescopic shaft. The telescopic shaft end of the hydraulic push rod (38) faces the support plate (36). The telescopic shaft ends of the three hydraulic push rods (38) are jointly fixedly connected to a wedge block (39). Three L-shaped rods (310) are fixedly connected to the top of the wedge block (39) in a straight line. The tops of the L-shaped rods (310) face the support plate (36). 6) One side is bent, and each of the top ends of the three L-shaped rods (310) is fixedly connected to a plug rod (311). The inner side wall of the guide frame (31) near the hydraulic push rod (38) is provided with three limiting grooves (312) in a straight line array. Each of the three limiting grooves (312) is slidably connected to a slider (313). Each of the three sliders (313) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (314) at the end away from the corresponding limiting groove (312). The end of the rotating rod (314) away from the slider (313) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate (32). A vibrator (315) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating plate (32).

4. The crankshaft forging free forging equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two ends of the bellows (26) are fixedly connected to the support frame (21), and the bellows (26) is fixedly connected to both support blocks (25). There is an electrical connection between the hydraulic cylinder (23) and the control system of the hydraulic press (11).

5. The crankshaft forging free forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide frame (31) and the adjacent support block (25) are fixedly connected at one end inside the support frame (21). The lower surface of the rotating plate (32) abuts against the top of the guide frame (31). The limiting frame (33) is U-shaped. The U-shaped opening of the limiting frame (33) faces the support block (25). The bottom of the limiting frame (33) is provided with a slot. The bottom of the lower anvil (13) is provided with an outwardly extending step. The slot of the limiting frame (33) and the step of the lower anvil (13) are inserted and matched.

6. The crankshaft forging free forging equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the bearing plate (36) is in contact with the bottom of the inner wall of the guide frame (31). The bottom end of the bearing plate (36) is set as an inclined surface. The side of the wedge block (39) near the bearing plate (36) is set as an inclined surface. The inclined surface of the wedge block (39) and the inclined surface of the bottom end of the bearing plate (36) are pressed together. The hydraulic push rod (38) and the vibrator (315) are electrically connected to the control system of the hydraulic press (11).

7. The crankshaft forging free forging equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The T-slot (37) is divided into a horizontal slot at the top and a vertical slot at the bottom. The insertion rod (311) is inserted into the horizontal slot of the T-slot (37). The horizontal slot of the T-slot (37) is used to restrict the movement of the bearing plate (36) by engaging with the insertion rod (311). The vertical slot of the T-slot (37) is used for the passage of the L-shaped rod (310). The bottom surface of the wedge block (39) is slidably engaged with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the hydraulic press (11).

8. A free forging process for crankshaft forgings, characterized in that: The application of the crankshaft forging free forging equipment as described in claims 1-7 includes the following steps: Step 1: Initial inspection and preparation of the equipment: Confirm that the hydraulic press (11) is in a non-working state, the anvil assembly is in an initial state, one of the guide frames (31) is located directly below the hydraulic press (11), the two lower anvils (13) are not installed, the limit rod (35) is not inserted into the guide groove (34), the rotating plate (32) is in contact with the top surface of the guide frame (31), the insertion rod (311) is inserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot (37), the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic push rod (38) is not extended, the slider (313) is located at the bottom end of the limit groove (312), and check that the electrical connections of the hydraulic press (11) control system, hydraulic cylinder (23), vibrator (315) are normal. Step 2: Installation of the lower anvil (13): The operator installs two different models of lower anvils (13) on the two rotating plates (32) respectively, inserts the lower anvil (13) horizontally into the limiting frame (33), and makes the bottom step of the lower anvil (13) engage with the slot of the limiting frame (33) until the lower anvil (13) touches the end of the limiting frame (33) away from the support block (25). Then, the limiting rod (35) is inserted into the guide groove (34), and the limiting rod (35) is fixed on the limiting frame (33) by bolts to realize the limiting installation of the lower anvil (13).

9. The free forging process for crankshaft forgings according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 3: Initial forging and switching of the lower anvil (13): Start the hydraulic press (11), and use the lower anvil (13) located directly below the hydraulic press (11) to complete the initial free forging of the crankshaft workpiece (12) in conjunction with the upper anvil of the hydraulic press (11). When it is necessary to switch the lower anvil (13) to cooperate in forging a complex irregular long shaft, the hydraulic cylinder (23) is driven to run through the hydraulic press (11) control system. The hydraulic cylinder (23) drives the threaded rod (24) to rotate, so that the two support blocks (25) move linearly along the slide (22), thereby driving the two guide frames (31) and the lower anvil (13) to translate, and switch the lower anvil (13) to be used to the forging position, and move the lower anvil (13) in the original forging position to the non-processing position. Step 4: Oxide scale removal from the anvil (13) in the non-processing position: After the anvil (13) is moved to the non-processing position, the hydraulic press (11) control system drives the hydraulic push rod (38) to extend, pushes the wedge block (39) to move, and makes the insert rod (311) disengage from the horizontal groove of the T-slot (37). The wedge block (39) squeezes the bearing plate (36) through the inclined surface, and drives the rotating plate (32) to rotate with the rotating connection point with the guide frame (31) as the fulcrum until the slider (313) slides to the top of the limiting groove (312). Then the vibrator (315) is started, and the vibration is transmitted to the anvil (13) through the rotating plate (32), causing the attached oxide scale to loosen and fall off. The oxide scale slides down along the inclined rotating plate (32) and the inclined surface of the anvil (13).

10. The free forging process for crankshaft forgings according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 5: Replacement and Reset of Lower Anvil (13): If the lower anvil (13) needs to be replaced, remove the limiting rod (35) in the non-processing position. Utilize the tilted state of the lower anvil (13) to make it slide out tilted downwards along the opening of the limiting frame (33). Before replacing the new lower anvil (13), drive the hydraulic push rod (38) to retract through the control system, thereby resetting the wedge block (39). The rotating plate (32) and the bearing plate (36) are reset under the action of gravity. The insertion rod (311) is reinserted into the horizontal groove of the T-slot (37), and the slider (313) slides back to the bottom of the limiting groove (312). After the frame components are reset, the lower anvil (13) can be switched again through the guide components for forging. No machine stoppage is required throughout the process, ensuring production continuity.

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