Compound fertilizer for improving yield and quality of onion and preparation method thereof
By preparing a compound fertilizer containing organic manure, corn stalks, modified tamarind fruit material, and fermented tamarind leaves, the soil problems caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers have been solved, resulting in a bumper harvest and improved quality of onions, as well as improved taste and storability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- RES INST OF TROPICAL ECO AGRI SCI YUNAN ACAD OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
In current onion cultivation, excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to soil compaction and excessive pesticide residues, affecting onion quality and reducing economic benefits. Moreover, existing compound fertilizers are difficult to improve both yield and quality simultaneously.
Compound fertilizer is prepared using raw materials such as organic manure, corn stalks, soybean meal, modified tamarind fruit material, and fermented tamarind leaves, combined with compound additives such as urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, aspartic acid, cysteine, and methionine to promote onion growth and improve its quality.
It effectively increases onion yield and quality, improves soil structure, increases soluble sugar content, reduces titratable acid content, enhances onion taste and flavor, optimizes bulb firmness, and improves economic benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN122102780A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of onion cultivation technology, specifically to a compound fertilizer for improving onion yield and quality and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Onions are biennial herbaceous plants belonging to the lily family, also known as scallions, round onions, etc. They are popular as a food and condiment because they are easy to cultivate, have a good taste, and are rich in nutrients. However, in recent years, due to the excessive pursuit of onion production, excessive use of chemical fertilizers during the production process has caused problems such as soil compaction and excessive pesticide residues. In the long run, this will lead to a decline in the quality of onions. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers will affect the yield of onions to some extent, thus reducing the overall economic benefits of onion cultivation.
[0003] Currently, the choice of fertilizer for artificial onion cultivation is mostly a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers. However, the overall yield is still somewhat lacking, and the quality of onions varies depending on the amount of fertilizer used and the variety. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a new compound fertilizer to achieve high yields and improve the quality of onions. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a compound fertilizer and its preparation method for improving onion yield and quality, which can effectively achieve high onion production, further improve onion quality, and comprehensively enhance the economic benefits of onion cultivation.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A compound fertilizer for improving onion yield and quality, comprising the following components by weight: 25-30 parts organic manure, 4-6 parts corn stalks, 4-6 parts soybean meal, 1-1.5 parts vermiculite, 4-6 parts modified tamarind fruit material, 5-8 parts fermented tamarind leaves, 4-5 parts calcium-based bentonite, and 2-4 parts compound additives; the modified tamarind fruit material is prepared by microwave drying of tamarind fruit, followed by pulverization, ethanol water bath soaking, filtration, and finally steam explosion treatment and drying of the filter residue; the fermented tamarind leaves are prepared by first alkali treatment of tamarind leaves, followed by fermentation with Bacillus subtilis and yeast; the compound additives are prepared by mixing urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, aspartic acid, cysteine, and methionine in a mass ratio of 100:60:60:0.04:0.02:0.02:0.01.
[0006] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the tamarind fruit modified material includes the following steps: S11. After cleaning the fresh tamarind fruit, microwave dry it to constant weight, then pulverize it and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind fruit powder for later use. S12. Add tamarind fruit powder to 80% ethanol solution, treat in a water bath at 50-60℃ for 2-4 hours, then press and filter to obtain filter residue for later use. S13. After removing ethanol from the filter residue, perform steam explosion treatment to obtain the steam-exploded material, then dry it to obtain the modified tamarind fruit material.
[0007] Preferably, the pressure of the steam explosion treatment in step S13 is 2-3 MPa, and the steam explosion treatment time is 60-90 s.
[0008] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the tamarind leaf fermented material includes the following steps: S21. Add fresh tamarind leaves to 3-5 times the volume of water and grind them into a pulp. Then adjust the pH value to 10-11, stir for 40-60 minutes, and then adjust the pH value to 7-7.5 to obtain the pretreated pulp. S22. Inoculate Bacillus subtilis and yeast into the pretreated slurry, ferment at 30-35℃ for 2-4 days, then adjust the temperature to 10-15℃ and continue treatment for 1-2 days, and then dry to obtain tamarind leaf fermented material.
[0009] Preferably, in step S22, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the pretreated slurry, and the inoculation amount of yeast is 0.3%-0.4% of the total mass of the pretreated slurry.
[0010] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) Mix corn stalks and soybean meal, dry and crush them to obtain a preliminary premix for later use; (2) Add vermiculite to 3-5 times the volume of water, mix with composite additives, pressurize to 2-3 MPa and stir to obtain the first mixture for later use; (3) Add the preliminary premix to the first mixture, adjust the moisture content of the system to 200%-300%, keep the pressure at normal pressure, and continue to stir and mix to obtain the second mixture; (4) After thoroughly mixing the second mixture with organic manure, modified tamarind fruit material and fermented tamarind leaf material, dry it to obtain compound fertilizer.
[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the drying and pulverizing process passes through a 20-mesh sieve.
[0012] Preferably, the stirring speed in step (2) is 1200-1800 r / min, and the stirring time is 15-25 min.
[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the stirring speed is 120-400 r / min and the stirring time is 15-25 min.
[0014] Preferably, the drying method in step (4) is hot air drying at a temperature of 30-40°C.
[0015] This invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving onion yield and quality, and its preparation method. Compared with existing technologies, its advantages are as follows: This invention uses organic manure, corn stalks, soybean meal, modified tamarind fruit material, and fermented tamarind leaves as the main fertilizer components. Additionally, a compound additive composed of urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, aspartic acid, cysteine, and methionine is added. This effectively reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer used while promoting onion growth. The use of modified tamarind fruit material and fermented tamarind leaves effectively promotes high onion yield, increases the weight of individual onions, increases the content of soluble sugars, reduces the content of titratable acids, and improves the taste and flavor of onions. Furthermore, the addition of p-methoxycinnamaldehyde and various amino acids in the compound additive further increases the content of soluble protein in onion bulbs, optimizes the hardness of onion bulbs, facilitates storage, and comprehensively improves the quality of onions. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of onion cultivation in the experimental field in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparative schematic diagram of onion bulbs in zones 1-9 of this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the cross-sections of onion bulbs in zones 1-9 of this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] The organic manure used below is sheep manure; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 100 billion / g and the viable count of yeast is 1 billion / g.
[0019] Example 1: I. Preparation of raw materials: 1. Preparation of modified tamarind fruit material: (1) After cleaning the fresh tamarind fruit, microwave dry it to constant weight, then pulverize it and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind fruit powder for later use. (2) Add tamarind fruit powder to 80% ethanol solution, treat in a water bath at 55℃ for 3 hours, then press and filter to obtain filter residue for later use. (3) After removing the ethanol from the filter residue, it is steam-exploded under 2.5MPa steam for 80s to obtain the steam-exploded material, which is then dried at 45℃ to obtain the tamarind fruit modified material.
[0020] Preparation of tamarind fruit pulp: After cleaning the fresh tamarind fruit, microwave dry it to constant weight, then crush it and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind fruit material.
[0021] Preparation of fermented tamarind fruit substrate: (1) Add fresh tamarind fruit to 4 times the volume of water and grind it into a pulp. Then adjust the pH value to 11, stir for 50 minutes, and then adjust the pH value to 7 to obtain the pretreated pulp. (2) Inoculate the pretreated slurry with 0.1% of Bacillus subtilis and 0.3% of yeast by weight of the pretreated slurry, ferment at 35°C for 3 days, then adjust the temperature to 12°C and continue treatment for 1 day, and then dry with hot air at 35°C to obtain tamarind fruit fermented material.
[0022] Preparation of modified tamarind leaf material: (1) After cleaning the fresh tamarind leaves, microwave dry them to constant weight, then pulverize them and pass them through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind leaf powder for later use. (2) Add tamarind leaf powder to 80% ethanol solution, treat in water bath at 55℃ for 3h, then press and filter to obtain filter residue for later use. (3) After removing the ethanol from the filter residue, it is steam-exploded under 2.5MPa steam for 80s to obtain the steam-exploded material, which is then dried at 45℃ to obtain the modified hornberry leaf material.
[0023] Preparation of fermented tamarind leaf slurry: (1) Add fresh tamarind leaves to 4 times the volume of water and grind them into a pulp. Then adjust the pH value to 11, stir for 50 minutes, and then adjust the pH value to 7 to obtain the pretreated pulp. (2) Inoculate the pretreated slurry with 0.1% of Bacillus subtilis and 0.3% of yeast by weight of the pretreated slurry, ferment at 35°C for 3 days, then adjust the temperature to 12°C and continue treatment for 1 day, and then dry with hot air at 35°C to obtain tamarind fruit fermented material.
[0024] Preparation of Additive A: Additive A is prepared by mixing urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, aspartic acid, cysteine, and methionine in a mass ratio of 100:60:60:0.04:0.02:0.02:0.01.
[0025] Preparation of Additive B: Additive B is prepared by mixing urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, aspartic acid, cysteine and methionine in a mass ratio of 100:60:60:0.02:0.02:0.01.
[0026] II. Preparation of Compound Fertilizers (1) Prepare materials according to the following weight parts: 28 parts organic manure, 5 parts corn stalks, 5 parts soybean meal, 1.3 parts vermiculite, 5 parts A material, 6 parts B material, 4.5 parts calcium-based bentonite, and 3 parts additives; (2) Mix corn stalks and soybean meal, dry them, and crush them through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a preliminary premix for later use; (3) Add vermiculite to 5 times the volume of water and mix with additives. Pressurize to 2.5 MPa and stir at 1500 r / min for 20 min to obtain the first mixture for later use. (4) Add the preliminary premix to the first mixture, adjust the water content of the system to 250%, the pressure to normal pressure, adjust the speed to 220 r / min and continue stirring and mixing for 20 min to obtain the second mixture; (5) After thoroughly mixing the second mixture with organic manure, A material and B material, dry it to obtain compound fertilizer.
[0027] Following the preparation method described above, and based on the selection of component A, component B, and additives in Table 1 below, different compound fertilizers were prepared: Table 1 In addition, a control fertilizer was set up, which was prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 300 parts organic manure and 2 parts 15-15-15 compound fertilizer (Sanning 15-15-15 compound fertilizer).
[0028] Example 2: Field experiments: The experimental site was selected in Yuanmou County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, where the previous crop was corn. After the corn harvest, the land was plowed and divided into 9 plots. Different fertilizers (3000 kg / mu) were applied as base fertilizer in each of the 9 plots. The base fertilizers used in each plot are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Onions (Red Delicious) were planted on November 8, 2024, with a plant spacing of 16cm and a row spacing of 16cm (e.g., ...). Figure 1 As shown in Table 3, no fertilizers other than base fertilizer were used. Drip irrigation was used for subsequent irrigation, and field management was unified. Onions from each plot were harvested in early April 2025, and the yield was calculated. Five onions were randomly selected from each plot, and the average longitudinal diameter, average transverse diameter, and average weight of each onion were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3 And the onions harvested in each community, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, by Figures 2-3 As shown in Table 3 above, the onions grown in Zone 1 using Fertilizer-1 have a higher yield, and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the onion heads are larger.
[0029] The vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, titratable acid content, and soluble protein content of onion bulbs harvested from each plot were tested. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4 As shown in Table 4 above, the onions harvested in Community 1 have better quality. Furthermore, the fertilizer used in Community 8 reduced the addition of para-methoxycinnamaldehyde, which significantly reduced the soluble protein content and hardness of the onions. This indicates that para-methoxycinnamaldehyde can effectively increase the soluble protein content and hardness of onions to a certain extent, thereby improving the quality of the onions.
[0030] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A compound fertilizer for improving onion yield and quality, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer is composed of the following components by weight: 25-30 parts organic manure, 4-6 parts corn stalks, 4-6 parts soybean meal, 1-1.5 parts vermiculite, 4-6 parts modified tamarind fruit, 5-8 parts fermented tamarind leaves, 4-5 parts calcium-based bentonite, and 2-4 parts compound additives. The modified tamarind fruit material is prepared by microwave drying of tamarind fruit, followed by crushing, soaking in an ethanol water bath, filtering, and finally steam-exploding and drying the filter residue. The fermented tamarind leaf material is obtained by first treating tamarind leaves with alkali, and then fermenting them with Bacillus subtilis and yeast. The composite additive is obtained by mixing urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, aspartic acid, cysteine, and methionine in a mass ratio of 100:60:60:0.04:0.02:0.02:0.
01.
2. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the modified tamarind fruit material includes the following steps: S11. After cleaning the fresh tamarind fruit, microwave dry it to constant weight, then pulverize it and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind fruit powder for later use. S12. Add tamarind fruit powder to 80% ethanol solution, treat in a water bath at 50-60℃ for 2-4 hours, then press and filter to obtain filter residue for later use. S13. After removing ethanol from the filter residue, perform steam explosion treatment to obtain the steam-exploded material, then dry it to obtain the modified tamarind fruit material.
3. The compound fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S13, the pressure for steam explosion treatment is 2-3 MPa, and the treatment time is 60-90 seconds.
4. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the fermented tamarind leaf material includes the following steps: S21. Add fresh tamarind leaves to 3-5 times the volume of water and grind them into a pulp. Then adjust the pH value to 10-11, stir for 40-60 minutes, and then adjust the pH value to 7-7.5 to obtain the pretreated pulp. S22. Inoculate Bacillus subtilis and yeast into the pretreated slurry, ferment at 30-35℃ for 2-4 days, then adjust the temperature to 10-15℃ and continue treatment for 1-2 days, and then dry to obtain tamarind leaf fermented material.
5. The compound fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S22, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the pretreated slurry, and the inoculation amount of yeast is 0.3%-0.4% of the total mass of the pretreated slurry.
6. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Mix corn stalks and soybean meal, dry and crush them to obtain a preliminary premix for later use; (2) Add vermiculite to 3-5 times the volume of water, mix with composite additives, pressurize to 2-3 MPa and stir to obtain the first mixture for later use; (3) Add the preliminary premix to the first mixture, adjust the moisture content of the system to 200%-300%, keep the pressure at normal pressure, and continue to stir and mix to obtain the second mixture; (4) After thoroughly mixing the second mixture with organic manure, modified tamarind fruit material and fermented tamarind leaf material, dry it to obtain compound fertilizer.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (1), the material is dried, pulverized, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), the stirring speed is 1200-1800 r / min and the stirring time is 15-25 min.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (3), the stirring speed is 120-400 r / min and the stirring time is 15-25 min.
10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying method in step (4) is hot air drying at a temperature of 30-40℃.