A self-watering vegetation structure and construction method for lightweight construction of rock slopes

Abstract

The application discloses a self-water-supply vegetation structure and a construction method for lightweight construction of rock slope, and belongs to the technical field of slope ecological restoration. The vegetation groove comprises a hollow anchor rod arranged on a slope, a vegetation groove main body, an inflatable hardening pipe, a water storage pool and an automatic grab hook. The inflatable hardening pipe adopts a tubular inflatable film wrapped with a cement blanket, and has the functions of lattice support and water delivery. The inflatable hardening pipe is matched with the automatic grab hook to realize rapid arrangement of the slope surface. The vegetation groove is provided with a multi-cavity structure, and realizes self-water supply without power through a high-low double conduit and a magnetic attraction floating ball switch. A baffle realizes self-adaptive action in the whole construction process through a salted pin bolt and a torsional spring. The application can realize lightweight and rapid construction of the rock slope, does not need artificial continuous maintenance, and is suitable for complex terrain and high and steep rock slope engineering, and can realize slope protection and long-acting ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a self-supplied vegetation structure and construction method for lightweight construction of rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Exposed rock slopes not only damage the integrity of the regional ecological landscape but also easily trigger geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows. Rock slopes generally suffer from thin or even completely absent soil layers, especially in steep rock slope areas where surface water is difficult to retain effectively. This chronically leads to insufficient water and nutrient supply for plant growth, severely restricting the effectiveness and sustainability of slope ecological restoration. This is a key and challenging issue in the current field of ecological management of engineering slopes.

[0003] Currently, for the protection and ecological restoration of rock slopes, existing technologies mostly adopt prefabricated frame support, anchor bolt grouting reinforcement, and vegetation structure repair. However, there are still many defects and shortcomings in actual engineering applications.

[0004] Regarding prefabricated slope protection structures, existing technologies, such as Chinese invention patent CN120990141A, disclose a prefabricated frame beam slope protection structure. This structure uses anchor cables in conjunction with prefabricated horizontal and vertical beams to form a grid structure, within which vegetation is planted to achieve slope protection and ecological restoration. While this type of structure possesses certain slope reinforcement and ecological restoration functions, the prefabricated components used are large in size and heavy in weight, placing extremely high demands on transportation conditions and hoisting equipment in actual engineering projects. Especially in mountainous slope areas with complex terrain and limited transportation, the transportation, hoisting, and precise positioning of prefabricated components are extremely difficult, making it impossible to achieve lightweight and rapid slope construction.

[0005] Regarding anchor bolt grouting support technology, existing technologies, such as Chinese invention patent CN116356810B, disclose an anchor bolt grouting support device and construction method for soft soil slopes, which uses inner and outer sleeves in conjunction with grouting branch pipes to achieve slope soil reinforcement. Although this type of solution has a good soil reinforcement effect, when applied in ecological restoration projects of rock slopes, it is usually necessary to erect temporary support structures such as scaffolding on the slope surface in advance. For steep rock slopes with large inclination angles, scaffolding erection is difficult, poses significant safety risks, has a complex construction organization process, and has stringent requirements for on-site construction conditions. At the same time, the anchor bolt installation process is cumbersome, which greatly increases the difficulty and safety risks of slope operations.

[0006] Regarding ecological restoration vegetation structures, existing technologies, such as the Chinese invention patent CN118653494B, disclose an ecological slope protection structure that achieves slope greening by enclosing ecological vegetation zones through slope frame units. While this type of structure can combine slope protection with vegetation planting, it still has two major drawbacks: First, in terms of construction, existing conventional vegetation troughs and vegetation bags are affected by complex terrain conditions such as uneven natural slopes and local reverse slopes, resulting in cumbersome construction processes and long construction cycles. Additional structures and filling materials can significantly increase the slope load, potentially adversely affecting the overall stability of the slope. Simultaneously, during the slope hardening and spraying process, the planting cavity is easily contaminated by cement-based materials, and subsequent substrate and seed spraying can lead to material splashing and loss, increasing construction costs. Secondly, in terms of post-maintenance, such structures rely heavily on manual watering during operation, which not only requires a large investment of manpower and time, but also makes it difficult to ensure the continuity and uniformity of water supply during long-term maintenance. This is not suitable for the poor water retention of rock slopes and makes it easy for vegetation to die from lack of water, making it difficult to achieve the goal of low-cost and sustainable ecological restoration.

[0007] In summary, existing ecological restoration technologies for rock slopes cannot simultaneously meet the core needs of rapid and lightweight slope construction, slope structural safety protection, continuous and stable self-supplied water maintenance, and low-cost and efficient ecological restoration. They are also ill-suited to the requirements of rapid greening and long-term ecological maintenance for engineering rock slopes, especially steep rock slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a self-watering vegetation structure and construction method for lightweight construction of rock slopes, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A self-supplied vegetated structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes includes an anchoring component, a vegetated structure, and a water supply structure installed on the slope. The anchoring component is a hollow anchor rod, the vegetated structure is a vegetated trough, and the water supply structure includes an air-filled hardened pipe and a water storage tank. The water storage tank is connected to the inflatable hardening pipe, which is connected to the hollow anchor rod, which is connected to the vegetation trough, forming a one-way water conveyance channel. The inflatable hardening pipe is made of a tubular inflatable membrane wrapped with cement blanket. It is used to form a hollow conduit that combines the functions of grid beam support and water conveyance after inflation and hardening. The bottom end of the inflatable hardening pipe has an open structure and can be sealed to form a closed cavity inside the inflatable hardening pipe. An automatic hook is installed below the intersection of the pneumatic hardening pipe and the cross-section of the cross-section. The automatic hook is used to hook and fix the wire mesh laid on the slope when the pneumatic hardening pipe is inflated.

[0010] Preferably, the hollow anchor rod includes an internal PVC pipe body, the outside of which is wrapped with an expansive cement-based material, and a magnet is provided at the top of the hollow anchor rod; the end of the PVC pipe body facing the top of the slope is open and sealed to the inflatable hardening pipe, and a one-way valve is provided at the connection point, while the end facing the bottom of the slope has a sealing structure; the middle of the PVC pipe body is provided with two detachable interfaces, which are respectively used to connect the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe of the vegetation trough; The surface of the expansive cement-based material is covered with non-woven fabric, and an impermeable membrane is provided on the outside of the non-woven fabric. This membrane is used to allow the expansive cement-based material to expand and fill the installation holes of the hollow anchor rod after the impermeable membrane is removed and water is poured in. The one-way valve only allows water to flow from the air-insulated hardening pipe into the PVC pipe body, and prohibits water from flowing from the PVC pipe body into the air-insulated hardening pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the planting trough includes a planting cavity, a baffle, a water storage cavity, and an adjustment cavity, wherein the planting cavity and the adjustment cavity are connected by holes; the planting cavity is a cavity for containing plant growth substrate and plant seeds.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting rod is provided below the baffle, the limiting rod has a first pin hole, and the hole wall of the hole has a second pin hole coaxial with the first pin hole. The salt-made pin passes through the first pin hole and the second pin hole to realize the limiting connection between the hole and the limiting rod, so as to fix the position of the baffle. The salt-made pin is a cylindrical pin made of pressed salt, which is used to dissolve after soaking in water to release the connection between the hole and the limiting rod. An extension rod with a torsion spring is provided on the right side of the baffle. The extension rod is hinged to the upper part of the water storage cavity. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the water storage cavity, and the other end is fixedly connected to the extension rod, which is used to drive the baffle to rotate. When the salt pin is not dissolved, the baffle is constrained by the salt pin and covers the upper part of the planting cavity. After the salt pin is dissolved, the torsion spring drives the baffle to fold towards the top of the slope through the extension rod, so that the upper part of the planting cavity is open.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the water storage cavity is provided with a first conduit and a second conduit, the upper ends of the first conduit and the second conduit are both connected to the PVC pipe body of the hollow anchor rod, and the lower ends of both extend into the interior of the water storage cavity; the lower opening height of the first conduit is higher than the lower opening height of the second conduit.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom partitions of the planting cavity and the regulating cavity are connected, and a switch with a torsion spring is hinged below the middle partition between the water storage cavity and the regulating cavity. The preload of the torsion spring drives the switch to remain in a normally closed state. A magnetic float is connected to the bottom of the switch by a thin wire, and a first magnet is fixed to the bottom of the regulating cavity.

[0015] Preferably, the automatic gripper includes an octagonal shell, a first spring, a second spring, a claw, a second magnet, a third magnet, a limiting block, and a T-shaped push rod; the lower end of the T-shaped push rod is fixedly connected to the third magnet; the first spring, the second magnet, and the limiting block are all disposed in a cubic groove inside the octagonal shell; the limiting block is used to limit the outward displacement of the second magnet; the second spring is connected between the octagonal shell and the T-shaped push rod; the claw is hinged to the bottom of the octagonal shell, and the upper end of the claw is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first spring; The automatic gripper hook is connected to the outer ring of the octagonal shell and the inflatable hardening tube by a steel wire. When the inflatable hardening tube is inflated, it pushes the T-shaped push rod downward. The second magnet moves inward under the magnetic force of the third magnet. After the first spring loses the limit of the second magnet, it extends downward, causing the hook claw to rotate around the hinge point and extend out of the octagonal shell to hook the wire mesh on the slope, thus achieving rapid fixation of the slope.

[0016] In addition, this invention also discloses a construction method suitable for rapid greening of engineering rock slopes, which is implemented using the above-mentioned self-watering vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Clear the gravel and loose soil from the depressions in the slope, and lay and fix the wire mesh on the slope surface; Step 2: Fix the inflatable hardening pipes at the top and bottom of the slope respectively. Inflate the inflatable hardening pipes from the top of the slope. The inflatable hardening pipes push the T-shaped push rod of the automatic grab hook downwards, causing the hook claw to extend out of the octagonal shell and hook the wire mesh below, thus completing the rapid deployment on the slope. Step 3: Pour water onto the slope to harden the inflatable hardening pipe. Stop inflating after it is completely hardened to form a grid beam structure on the slope that combines support and water conveyance functions. Step 4: Install vegetation troughs inside the hardened inflatable hardening pipe grid, and fix the vegetation troughs to the inflatable hardening pipe to form a temporary working structure for the slope. Step 5: Using the temporary working structure formed by the inflatable hardening pipe and the vegetation trough, drill holes at the corresponding positions below the vegetation trough on the slope. After removing the impermeable membrane on the surface of the hollow anchor rod, place it into the hole. After all the holes are constructed, pour water on the slope to allow the expansive cement-based material to expand and fill the holes, thus completing the anchor rod installation. Step Six: Keep the inside of the planting trough dry, the salt-based pins undissolved, and the baffles, constrained by the salt-based pins, cover the planting cavity. Spray cement-based hardening material onto the slope and wait for the cement-based material to harden and form a stable slope. Step 7: Connect the water storage cavity to the hollow anchor rod through the first and second conduits, inject water into the air-hardened pipe through the water storage tank, and let the water enter the PVC pipe body of the hollow anchor rod through the one-way valve to form a sealed state inside the hollow anchor rod. Step 8: By cooperating with the hollow anchor rod and the first and second conduits, water is stably supplied to the water storage cavity; Step 9: After water is introduced into the water storage chamber and the regulating chamber, the salt-made pins dissolve in the water, and the torsion spring drives the baffle to fold towards the top of the slope through the extension rod, opening the upper part of the planting chamber and spraying plant growth substrate and seeds into the planting chamber; the plant growth substrate includes, by weight, 98-100 parts of soil and 5-6 parts of organic matter. Step 10: Through the coordinated operation of the implantation cavity, adjustment cavity, and water storage cavity, water is automatically replenished into the implantation cavity.

[0017] Furthermore, the stable water supply to the water storage cavity described in step eight is specifically as follows: when the hollow anchor is sealed and the water level in the water storage cavity is lower than the height of the lower pipe opening of the first conduit, water flows out of the water storage cavity through the first conduit and the second conduit under atmospheric pressure; when the water level in the water storage cavity reaches the height of the lower pipe opening of the first conduit, the water blocks the first conduit, and the second conduit stops supplying water to the water storage cavity under the effect of atmospheric pressure balance, thereby achieving passive constant water level water supply.

[0018] Furthermore, the automatic water replenishment to the planting cavity described in step ten is as follows: when the water in the planting cavity evaporates and is in a water-deficient state, the water level in the regulating cavity drops, and the magnetic float pulls the switch open under the magnetic force of the first magnet, allowing water from the water storage cavity to enter the regulating cavity; when the water in the planting cavity is saturated, the water level in the regulating cavity rises, the magnetic float separates from the first magnet under the action of buoyancy, the switch closes under the preload of the torsion spring, and the water storage cavity stops supplying water to the regulating cavity, thus achieving self-regulating water supply.

[0019] Beneficial effects of this invention: 1. Enables rapid and lightweight construction of slope structures, significantly reducing construction difficulty and safety risks. This invention utilizes an inflatable hardening pipe constructed by wrapping a tubular inflatable membrane with cement blanket, coupled with an automatic hook featuring a complete transmission hinge structure. During slope construction, only the fixation and inflation at the top and bottom of the slope are required. The expansion of the inflated pipe pushes the T-shaped push rod of the automatic hook downwards, causing the hook claw to rotate and extend around the hinge point, automatically hooking onto the pre-laid wire mesh on the slope. This completes the rapid positioning and fixation of the slope structure in one step. After inflation, water is simply poured onto the slope to harden the inflatable hardening pipe, simultaneously forming an integrated hollow structure on the slope that combines the functions of a grid beam slope support and full-line water conveyance. The entire construction process requires no large hoisting or transportation equipment, and eliminates the need for complex scaffolding on steep rock slopes, significantly reducing the requirements for terrain conditions and construction equipment. It is perfectly suited for mountainous slope scenarios with limited traffic and complex terrain, effectively shortening the construction cycle and significantly reducing the safety risks of working on steep slopes.

[0020] 2. Dual-function integrated hollow anchor bolts simplify the construction process and achieve efficient synergy between anchoring reinforcement and water conveyance functions. The hollow anchor bolt of this invention combines the dual functions of slope anchoring and reinforcement with a sealed water conveyance channel, achieving a high degree of structural integration. This significantly reduces the need for additional components on the slope and avoids increasing the additional load on the slope. The main body of the anchor bolt adopts a PVC pipe structure externally wrapped with expansive cement-based material. During installation, only the impermeable film on the surface needs to be removed before inserting it into the drilled hole. Watering allows the expansive cement-based material to absorb water and expand, densely filling the anchor bolt installation hole. This eliminates the need for complex grouting procedures, greatly simplifying the anchor bolt construction process and reducing the difficulty of slope operations. At the same time, the anchor bolt adopts a structural design with a one-way valve for water inlet at the top of the slope and a sealing at the bottom. After water injection, a stable sealed cavity can be formed, providing the necessary structural foundation for subsequent passive constant water level water supply based on atmospheric pressure balance. This achieves a deep integration of the slope anchoring structure and the ecological restoration water conveyance system.

[0021] 3. The dual-stage adaptive baffle structure adapts to the entire construction process, effectively improving construction efficiency and reducing material costs. The vegetation trough baffle of this invention achieves adaptive functionality throughout the entire construction process through a salt-based pin limiting structure and an extension rod hinged structure with a pre-tensioned torsion spring. This solves the industry pain points of easy contamination and high material loss during the construction of existing vegetation structures. During the spraying stage of the cement-based hardening material on the slope, the inside of the vegetation trough remains dry. The salt-based pins are inserted into the pin holes of the limiting rod and the opening, stably restraining the baffle to cover the upper part of the planting cavity. This effectively isolates the cement-based hardening material, preventing contamination of the planting cavity and eliminating the need for additional temporary protective structures. During the plant growth substrate and seed spraying stage, after water enters the water storage and regulating troughs, the salt-based pins dissolve. The torsion spring, through the extension rod, drives the baffle to automatically fold towards the top of the slope and can be attracted and fixed to the magnet at the top of the hollow anchor rod. This both opens the planting cavity to complete the spraying operation and forms a stable material-blocking structure, significantly reducing material splashing and loss during spraying and lowering construction material costs. The entire process requires no manual intervention, adaptively matching the construction sequence rhythm and significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0022] 4. A two-stage, self-sustaining, non-powered water supply system precisely matches the water requirements of plants, achieving long-term, low-maintenance ecological restoration. This invention constructs a two-stage, non-powered self-supplied water system consisting of "passive constant water level storage + adaptive on-demand water replenishment," completely solving the core defects of existing rock slope ecological restoration technologies, such as heavy reliance on manual watering, poor continuity and uniformity of water supply, and high post-maintenance costs. This achieves long-term, sustainable vegetation maintenance. The first stage is a passive constant water level supply structure. Through internally sealed hollow anchor rods and staggered double conduits, utilizing the principle of atmospheric pressure balance, it automatically maintains a stable target water level in the storage chamber: when the water level in the storage chamber is lower than the lower opening of the first conduit, water is automatically replenished; when the water level rises to the lower opening of the first conduit, water supply automatically stops, providing a continuous and stable water reserve for vegetation maintenance. The second stage is an adaptive, on-demand water replenishment structure. Through an adjustment chamber connected to the bottom of the planting cavity, along with a water replenishment switch with a normally closed torsion spring, a magnetic float, and a bottom magnet, it automatically opens and closes water replenishment based on the moisture level of the planting cavity: when the planting cavity is short of water due to evaporation and plant absorption, the water level in the adjustment chamber drops, and the magnetic float pulls the switch to open water replenishment under magnetic force; when the planting cavity is saturated, the water level in the adjustment chamber rises, the magnetic float separates from the magnet under buoyancy, and the switch automatically closes under the pre-tension of the torsion spring, stopping water replenishment. This precisely matches the water requirements of plant growth, ensuring uniform and continuous water supply. The entire water supply system requires no additional power equipment or continuous manual intervention, significantly reducing the manpower and time costs of later maintenance. It effectively solves the problems of poor water retention and insufficient water supply on rock slopes, significantly improving vegetation survival rate and long-term stability.

[0023] 5. Adaptable to complex rock slope conditions, balancing slope structural safety with ecological restoration effects. This invention employs a lightweight, modular design, flexibly adapting to complex terrain conditions such as unevenness and localized reverse slopes on natural rock slopes. It eliminates the need for large-scale excavation and modification of the slope surface, avoids significantly increasing additional loads, and prevents the potential adverse effects of extra structures on the overall slope stability. The grid beam structure formed by the hardened air-filled pipes effectively enhances the overall slope stability. Combined with the anchoring effect of hollow anchor rods, it constructs a composite slope protection system of "grid + anchor rods," effectively preventing geological disasters such as landslides and rockfalls. Simultaneously, the planting cavities in the vegetation troughs can be filled with plant growth substrates adapted to the rock slope environment. Coupled with a two-stage self-watering system, it provides a stable water and nutrient environment for plant growth, completely solving the industry problem of thin, poorly water-retaining soil layers on rock slopes, which hinders vegetation survival. This achieves the dual goals of structural safety protection and ecological landscape restoration of rock slopes.

[0024] 6. The entire construction process is logically closed-loop, with strong project adaptability and high replicability and scalability. The construction method of this invention forms a closed-loop logic throughout the entire process, from slope clearing, structural layout, hardening and shaping, anchor installation, slope protection, matrix spraying to long-term maintenance. The procedures are closely linked and interconnected. The hardened inflatable hardening pipe and the vegetation trough can form a temporary working structure on the slope, providing safety support for workers to perform tasks such as drilling holes on the slope and installing anchors, further reducing the safety risks of working on steep slopes. All core components can be prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site, without the need for complex on-site processing. It is adaptable to various engineering rock slope scenarios with different slopes and rock types. Whether it is a highway, railway, or water conservancy and hydropower engineering slope, it has strong adaptability, high replicability and scalability, and is suitable for large-scale engineering applications. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the overall structural layout of the self-watering vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the hollow anchor rod of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a detailed drawing of the vegetation trough baffle structure of the present invention; Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the planting trough of the present invention. The left diagram shows the planting trough structure with the baffle closed, and the right diagram shows the planting trough structure with the baffle folded. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the passive constant water level water supply principle of the first and second conduits of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the self-regulating water supply working principle of the water storage chamber and the regulating chamber of the present invention. The left figure shows the structure of the planting chamber in a water-saturated state, and the right figure shows the structure of the planting chamber in a water-deficient state. Figure 7 The diagram shows the working principle of the automatic gripper hook of the present invention. The left diagram shows the automatic gripper hook structure when the air-insulated hardening tube is not inflated, and the right diagram shows the automatic gripper hook structure when the air-insulated hardening tube is inflated. Figure 8 This is a detailed view of the bottom structure of the automatic gripper hook of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a self-watering vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes includes an anchoring component, a vegetation structure and a water supply structure installed on the slope 1. The anchoring component is a hollow anchor rod 2, the vegetation structure is a vegetation trough 4, and the water supply structure includes an air-filled hardened pipe 3 and a water storage tank 6. The water storage tank 6 is connected to the inflatable hardening pipe 3, the inflatable hardening pipe 3 is connected to the hollow anchor rod 2, and the hollow anchor rod 2 is connected to the vegetation trough 4, forming a one-way water conveyance channel; the inflatable hardening pipe 3 is made of a tubular inflatable membrane wrapped with cement blanket, which is used to form a hollow conduit that combines the functions of grid beam support and water conveyance after inflation and hardening. The bottom end of the inflatable hardening pipe 3 has an open structure and can be sealed to form a closed cavity inside the inflatable hardening pipe 3; An automatic hook 5 is installed below the intersection of the inflatable hardening pipe 3 and its cross-section. The automatic hook 5 is used to hook and fix the wire mesh laid on the slope when the inflatable hardening pipe 3 is inflated. Through the integrated inflation-hardening characteristic of the inflatable hardening pipe, the automatic hook is driven to automatically hook and fix the wire mesh on the slope when inflated, completing the rapid deployment of the slope structure in one step. After watering, the inflatable hardening pipe hardens and forms an integrated grid structure on the slope, which has the functions of slope support and water conveyance throughout the entire line. At the same time, through the one-way closed-loop water conveyance channel of water storage tank-inflatable hardening pipe-hollow anchor rod-vegetation trough, a continuous and stable water supply is provided for the growth of vegetation in the vegetation trough, realizing the deep integration of rock slope support and reinforcement and ecological greening.

[0028] The hollow anchor rod 2 includes an internal PVC pipe body 2.1, which is wrapped with an expanded cement-based material 2.2. A magnet is provided at the top of the hollow anchor rod 2. The end of the PVC pipe body 2.1 facing the top of the slope is open and sealed to the inflatable hardening pipe 3, and a one-way valve 2.3 is provided at the connection. The end facing the bottom of the slope is a sealing structure. The middle part of the PVC pipe body 2.1 is provided with two detachable interfaces, which are used to connect the first guide tube 4.3.4 and the second guide tube 4.3.5 of the vegetation trough 4, respectively. The surface of the expansive cement-based material 2.2 is covered with non-woven fabric, and an impermeable membrane is provided on the outside of the non-woven fabric. This membrane allows the expansive cement-based material 2.2 to expand and fill the installation hole of the hollow anchor rod 2 after the impermeable membrane is removed and water is poured in. The one-way valve 2.3 only allows water to flow from the air-hardening pipe 3 into the PVC pipe body 2.1, and prevents water from flowing from the PVC pipe body 2.1 into the air-hardening pipe 3. In this embodiment, when the anchor rod is installed, after removing the impermeable membrane, it is placed into the slope and drilled. After water is poured in, the expansive cement-based material absorbs water and expands, densely filling the gap between the drilled hole and the anchor rod, achieving rapid anchoring of the anchor rod without grouting. Through the structural design of "one-way valve water inlet at the top of the slope and sealing at the bottom of the slope", a stable sealed cavity is formed inside the PVC pipe body after water is injected, providing the necessary sealed pressure-maintaining foundation for the subsequent passive constant water level water supply based on atmospheric pressure balance. The detachable interface in the middle allows for quick connection with the double guide pipe of the vegetation trough, and the magnet at the top can attract and fix the folded baffle.

[0029] The planting trough 4 includes a planting cavity 4.1, a baffle 4.2, a water storage cavity 4.3, and a regulating cavity 4.4. The planting cavity 4.1 and the regulating cavity 4.4 are connected by a hole 4.4.1. The planting cavity 4.1 is a cavity for holding plant growth substrate and plant seeds. This embodiment uses a multi-cavity physical partition design to separate and coordinate the three core functions of plant planting, water storage, and water regulation: the planting cavity provides an independent substrate and seed-bearing space for plant growth, the water storage cavity is used to store a stable irrigation water source, and the regulating cavity is used to sense the water status of the planting cavity in real time and replenish water accordingly; the planting cavity and the regulating cavity are connected at the bottom of the hole, so that the water levels of the two are kept synchronized in real time, realizing the precise transmission of the water surplus and deficit status of the planting cavity.

[0030] A limiting rod 4.2.1 is provided below the baffle 4.2. The limiting rod 4.2.1 has a first pin hole, and the hole wall of the hole 4.4.1 has a second pin hole coaxial with the first pin hole. The salt-made pin 4.2.2 passes through the first pin hole and the second pin hole to realize the limiting connection between the hole 4.4.1 and the limiting rod 4.2.1, so as to fix the position of the baffle 4.2. The salt-made pin 4.2.2 is a cylindrical pin made of pressed salt, which is used to dissolve after soaking in water to release the connection between the hole 4.4.1 and the limiting rod 4.2.1. An extension rod 4.2.3 with a torsion spring is provided on the right side of the baffle 4.2. The extension rod 4.2.3 is hinged to the upper part of the water storage cavity 4.3. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the water storage cavity 4.3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the extension rod 4.2.3, which is used to drive the baffle 4.2 to rotate. When the salt pin 4.2.2 is not dissolved, the baffle 4.2 is constrained by the salt pin 4.2.2 and covers the upper part of the planting cavity 4.1. After the salt pin 4.2.2 is dissolved, the torsion spring drives the baffle 4.2 to fold towards the top of the slope through the extension rod 4.2.3, so that the upper part of the planting cavity 4.1 is open. In this embodiment, during the early construction phase when the plant trough is dry, the salt-made pins maintain their structural integrity and, through the limiting tie rods, provide stable constraints to the baffle, ensuring it firmly covers the upper part of the planting cavity, forming a temporary protective cover. When water enters the water storage and regulating troughs, the salt-made pins gradually dissolve upon contact with water, losing their constraint on the limiting tie rods. The pre-tightening and restoring force of the torsion springs, through the extension rods, causes the baffle to automatically fold around the hinge point towards the top of the slope, opening the planting cavity. The folded baffle can be attracted and fixed to the magnet at the top of the hollow anchor rod, forming a material-blocking structure for the hydroseeding operation.

[0031] The top of the water storage cavity 4.3 is provided with a first conduit 4.3.4 and a second conduit 4.3.5. The upper ends of the first conduit 4.3.4 and the second conduit 4.3.5 are connected to the PVC pipe body 2.1 of the hollow anchor rod 2, and the lower ends of both extend into the interior of the water storage cavity 4.3. The lower opening height of the first conduit 4.3.4 is higher than the lower opening height of the second conduit 4.3.5. In this embodiment, automatic water supply with constant water level is achieved based on the purely physical principle of atmospheric pressure balance: when the PVC pipe body of the hollow anchor forms a sealed cavity and the water level in the water storage cavity is lower than the lower opening of the first conduit, the outside atmosphere enters the hollow anchor through the first conduit, and the air pressure pushes the water body into the water storage cavity through the second conduit, thus achieving automatic water replenishment; when the water level in the water storage cavity rises to the height of the lower opening of the first conduit, the water body blocks the lower opening of the first conduit, isolating the inside of the hollow anchor from the outside atmosphere. Under the action of atmospheric pressure balance, the second conduit immediately stops discharging water, thereby stabilizing the water level in the water storage cavity at the height of the lower opening of the first conduit, thus achieving passive constant water level water supply.

[0032] The bottom partitions of the planting cavity 4.1 and the regulating cavity 4.4 are connected. A switch 4.3.1 with a torsion spring is hinged below the middle partition between the water storage cavity 4.3 and the regulating cavity 4.4. The preload of the torsion spring drives the switch 4.3.1 to remain in a normally closed state. A magnetic float 4.3.2 is connected to the bottom of the switch 4.3.1 by a thin wire. A first magnet 4.3.3 is fixed to the bottom of the regulating cavity 4.4. This embodiment utilizes the synergistic effect of buoyancy and magnetism to achieve purely physical adaptive on-demand water replenishment: When the planting chamber is in a water-deficient state due to evaporation and plant absorption, the water level in the regulating chamber connected to its bottom drops synchronously. The magnetic float moves closer to the first magnet at the bottom of the regulating chamber as the water level drops. The magnetic force overcomes the buoyancy of the float and the preload of the switch torsion spring, pulling the switch to open around the hinge point. Water from the water storage chamber flows into the regulating chamber and then into the planting chamber through the bottom connection, completing the water replenishment. When the planting chamber is saturated with water, the water level in the regulating chamber rises synchronously. The magnetic float moves away from the first magnet as the water level rises, the magnetic force weakens rapidly, and the float separates from the magnet under the action of buoyancy. The switch automatically closes under the action of the torsion spring preload, stopping the water replenishment.

[0033] The automatic gripper 5 includes an octagonal shell 5.1, a first spring 5.2, a second spring 5.3, a claw 5.4, a second magnet 5.5, a third magnet 5.6, a limiting block 5.7, and a T-shaped push rod 5.8. The lower end of the T-shaped push rod 5.8 is fixedly connected to the third magnet 5.6. The first spring 5.2, the second magnet 5.5, and the limiting block 5.7 are all disposed in a cubic groove inside the octagonal shell 5.1. The limiting block 5.7 is used to limit the outward displacement of the second magnet 5.5. The second spring 5.3 is connected between the octagonal shell 5.1 and the T-shaped push rod 5.8. The claw 5.4 is hinged to the bottom of the octagonal shell 5.1, and the upper end of the claw 5.4 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first spring 5.2. The automatic gripper 5 is connected to the outer ring of the octagonal shell 5.1 and the inflatable hardening tube 3 via a steel wire. When the inflatable hardening tube 3 is inflated, it pushes the T-shaped push rod 5.8 downward. The second magnet 5.5 moves inward under the magnetic force of the third magnet 5.6. After the first spring 5.2 loses the limit of the second magnet 5.5, it extends downward, driving the hook 5.4 to rotate around the hinge point and extend out of the octagonal shell 5.1 to hook the wire mesh on the slope, thus achieving rapid fixation of the slope. When the inflatable hardening tube is not inflated, the second magnet supports the first spring under the constraint of the limiting block, keeping the first spring compressed. The hook retracts into the octagonal shell to prevent accidental movement during transportation and laying. When the inflatable hardening tube is inflated, the expansion of the tube pushes the T-shaped push rod downward against the elastic force of the second spring, causing the third magnet to move down to the position corresponding to the second magnet. Under the magnetic force of the third magnet, the second magnet moves inward, losing its support and limiting effect on the first spring. The first spring extends downward, causing the hook to rotate around the bottom hinge point, extend out of the octagonal shell, and firmly hook onto the wire mesh pre-laid on the slope, achieving rapid fixation of the inflatable hardening tube on the slope. When the inflatable hardening tube is deflated, the T-shaped push rod moves upward under the reset action of the second spring, the third magnet moves away from the second magnet, and the second magnet resets under the constraint of the limiting block, causing the first spring to retract. The hook can then release the wire mesh for easy disassembly and recycling.

[0034] Example 2: This invention also discloses a construction method suitable for rapid greening of engineering rock slopes, which is implemented using the above-mentioned self-watering vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes, including the following steps: Step 1: Clear the gravel and loose soil from the depression in slope 1, and lay and fix the wire mesh on the slope surface; Step 2: Fix the inflatable hardening pipe 3 at the top and bottom of the slope respectively. Inflate the inflatable hardening pipe 3 from the top of the slope. The inflatable hardening pipe 3 pushes the T-shaped push rod 5.8 of the automatic grab hook 5 downward, causing the hook 5.4 to extend out of the octagonal shell 5.1 and hook the wire mesh below, thus completing the rapid arrangement of the slope. Step 3: Pour water onto the slope to harden the inflatable hardening pipe 3. Stop inflating after it is completely hardened to form a grid beam structure on the slope that combines support and water conveyance functions. Step 4: Install the vegetation trough 4 inside the hardened inflatable hardening pipe 3 grid, so that the vegetation trough 4 is fixedly connected to the inflatable hardening pipe 3 to form a temporary working structure for the slope. Step 5: Using the temporary working structure formed by the inflatable hardening pipe 3 and the vegetation trough 4, drill holes at the corresponding positions below the vegetation trough 4 on the slope. Remove the impermeable membrane on the surface of the hollow anchor rod 2 and place it into the hole. After all the holes are constructed, pour water on the slope to allow the expansive cement-based material 2.2 to expand and fill the holes, thus completing the anchor rod installation. Step 6: Keep the inside of the planting trough 4 dry, the salt-made pins 4.2.2 undissolved, and the baffle 4.2 constrained by the salt-made pins 4.2.2 to cover the planting cavity 4.1. Spray cement-based hardening material onto the slope and wait for the cement-based material to harden to form a stable slope. Step 7: Connect the water storage cavity 4.3 to the hollow anchor rod 2 through the first conduit 4.3.4 and the second conduit 4.3.5. Inject water into the air-filled hardened pipe 3 through the water storage tank 6. Use the one-way valve 2.3 to allow water to enter the PVC pipe body 2.1 of the hollow anchor rod 2, so that the interior of the hollow anchor rod 2 is sealed. Step 8: Through the cooperation of the hollow anchor rod 2 with the first conduit 4.3.4 and the second conduit 4.3.5, water is stably supplied to the water storage cavity 4.3; Step 9: After water is introduced into the water storage chamber 4.3 and the regulating chamber 4.4, the salt-containing pin 4.2.2 dissolves in the water. The torsion spring drives the baffle 4.2 to fold towards the top of the slope via the extension rod, opening the upper part of the planting chamber 4.1. Plant growth substrate and seeds are then sprayed into the planting chamber 4.1. The plant growth substrate, by weight, includes: 98-100 parts soil and 5-6 parts organic matter. Step 10: Through the coordinated operation of the implantation cavity 4.1, the adjustment cavity 4.4 and the water storage cavity 4.3, water is automatically replenished into the implantation cavity 4.1.

[0035] The stable water supply to the water storage cavity 4.3 described in step eight is as follows: when the hollow anchor rod 2 is sealed and the water level in the water storage cavity 4.3 is lower than the height of the lower pipe opening of the first conduit 4.3.4, water flows out of the first conduit 4.3.4 and the second conduit 4.3.5 into the water storage cavity 4.3 under atmospheric pressure; when the water level in the water storage cavity 4.3 reaches the height of the lower pipe opening of the first conduit 4.3.4, water blocks the first conduit 4.3.4, and the second conduit 4.3.5 stops supplying water to the water storage cavity 4.3 under the effect of atmospheric pressure balance, thus achieving passive constant water level water supply.

[0036] The automatic water replenishment to the planting cavity 4.1 described in step ten is as follows: When the water in the planting cavity 4.1 evaporates and is in a water-deficient state, the water level in the regulating cavity 4.4 drops, and the magnetic float 4.3.2 pulls the switch 4.3.1 open under the magnetic force of the first magnet 4.3.3, allowing water from the water storage cavity 4.3 to enter the regulating cavity 4.4; when the water in the planting cavity 4.1 is saturated, the water level in the regulating cavity 4.4 rises, the magnetic float 4.3.2 separates from the first magnet 4.3.3 under the action of buoyancy, the switch 4.3.1 closes under the preload of the torsion spring, and the water storage cavity 4.3 stops supplying water to the regulating cavity 4.4, thus achieving self-regulating water supply.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes, comprising anchoring components, a vegetation structure, and a water supply structure installed on the slope (1), characterized in that: The anchoring component is a hollow anchor rod (2), the vegetation structure is a vegetation trough (4), and the water supply structure includes an air-filled hardened pipe (3) and a water storage tank (6). The water storage tank (6) is connected to the air-filled hardening pipe (3), the air-filled hardening pipe (3) is connected to the hollow anchor rod (2), and the hollow anchor rod (2) is connected to the vegetation trough (4), forming a one-way water conveyance channel; the air-filled hardening pipe (3) is made of a tubular air-filled membrane wrapped with cement blanket, which is used to form a hollow conduit that has both the function of supporting the grid beam and the function of water conveyance after being inflated and hardened by watering. The bottom end of the air-filled hardening pipe (3) is an open structure and can be sealed to form a closed cavity inside the air-filled hardening pipe (3); An automatic hook (5) is provided below the intersection of the pneumatic hardening pipe (3). The automatic hook (5) is used to hook and fix the wire mesh laid on the slope when the pneumatic hardening pipe (3) is inflated.

2. The self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow anchor rod (2) includes a PVC pipe body (2.1) located inside, the PVC pipe body (2.1) is wrapped with an expanded cement-based material (2.2), and a magnet is provided at the top of the hollow anchor rod (2); the PVC pipe body (2.1) is open at the top of the slope and is sealed to the air-filled hardening pipe (3), and a one-way valve (2.3) is provided at the connection, and the end facing the bottom of the slope is a sealing structure; the middle part of the PVC pipe body (2.1) is provided with two detachable interfaces, which are used to connect the first guide pipe (4.3.4) and the second guide pipe (4.3.5) of the vegetation trough (4) respectively. The surface of the expanded cement-based material (2.2) is covered with non-woven fabric, and an impermeable membrane is provided on the outside of the non-woven fabric. This membrane is used to allow the expanded cement-based material (2.2) to expand and fill the installation hole of the hollow anchor rod (2) after the impermeable membrane is removed and water is poured. The one-way valve (2.3) only allows water to flow from the air-filled hardening pipe (3) into the PVC pipe body (2.1) and prohibits water from flowing from the PVC pipe body (2.1) into the air-filled hardening pipe (3).

3. The self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting trough (4) includes a planting cavity (4.1), a baffle (4.2), a water storage cavity (4.3), and an adjustment cavity (4.4). The planting cavity (4.1) and the adjustment cavity (4.4) are connected by a hole (4.4.1). The planting cavity (4.1) is a cavity for containing plant growth substrate and plant seeds.

4. The self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, A limit rod is provided below the baffle (4.2). 4.2.1) The limiting rod (4.2.1) has a first pin hole, and the hole wall of the hole (4.4.1) has a second pin hole coaxial with the first pin hole. The salt-made pin (4.2.2) passes through the first pin hole and the second pin hole to realize the limiting connection between the hole (4.4.1) and the limiting rod (4.2.1) to fix the position of the baffle (4.2). The salt-made pin (4.2.2) is a cylindrical pin made of pressed salt, which is used to dissolve after soaking in water to release the connection between the hole (4.4.1) and the limiting rod (4.2.1). An extension rod (4.2.3) with a torsion spring is provided on the right side of the baffle (4.2). The extension rod (4.2.3) is hinged to the upper part of the water storage cavity (4.3). One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the water storage cavity (4.3), and the other end is fixedly connected to the extension rod (4.2.3) to drive the baffle (4.2) to rotate. When the salt-made pin (4.2.2) is not dissolved, the baffle (4.2) is constrained by the salt-made pin (4.2.2) and covers the upper part of the planting cavity (4.1). After the salt-made pin (4.2.2) is dissolved, the torsion spring drives the baffle (4.2) to fold towards the top of the slope through the extension rod (4.2.3), so that the upper part of the planting cavity (4.1) is open.

5. The self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the water storage cavity (4.3) is provided with a first conduit (4.3.4) and a second conduit (4.3.5). The upper ends of the first conduit (4.3.4) and the second conduit (4.3.5) are connected to the PVC pipe body (2.1) of the hollow anchor rod (2), and the lower ends of both extend into the interior of the water storage cavity (4.3). The lower opening height of the first conduit (4.3.4) is higher than the lower opening height of the second conduit (4.3.5).

6. The self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom partitions of the planting cavity (4.1) and the regulating cavity (4.4) are connected. A switch (4.3.1) with a torsion spring is hinged below the middle partition between the water storage cavity (4.3) and the regulating cavity (4.4). The preload of the torsion spring drives the switch (4.3.1) to remain in a normally closed state. A magnetic float (4.3.2) is connected to the bottom of the switch (4.3.1) by a thin wire. A first magnet (4.3.3) is fixed to the bottom of the regulating cavity (4.4).

7. The self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic gripper (5) includes an octagonal shell (5.1), a first spring (5.2), a second spring (5.3), a claw (5.4), a second magnet (5.5), a third magnet (5.6), a limiting block (5.7), and a T-shaped push rod (5.8). The lower end of the T-shaped push rod (5.8) is fixedly connected to the third magnet (5.6). The first spring (5.2), the second magnet (5.5), and the limiting block (5.7) are all disposed in a cubic groove inside the octagonal shell (5.1). The limiting block (5.7) is used to limit the outward displacement of the second magnet (5.5). The second spring (5.3) is connected between the octagonal shell (5.1) and the T-shaped push rod (5.8). The claw (5.4) is hinged to the bottom of the octagonal shell (5.1), and the upper end of the claw (5.4) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first spring (5.2). The automatic grab (5) is connected to the outer ring of the octagonal shell (5.1) and the inflatable hardening tube (3) by a steel wire. When the inflatable hardening tube (3) is inflated, it pushes the T-shaped push rod (5.8) to move downward. The second magnet (5.5) moves inward under the magnetic force of the third magnet (5.6). After the first spring (5.2) loses the limit of the second magnet (5.5), it extends downward, driving the claw (5.4) to rotate around the hinge point and extend out of the octagonal shell (5.1) to hook the wire mesh on the slope and achieve rapid fixation of the slope.

8. A construction method suitable for rapid greening of engineering rock slopes, characterized in that, The implementation of the self-supplied vegetation structure for lightweight construction of rock slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 7 includes the following steps: Step 1: Clear the gravel and loose soil in the depression of the slope (1), and lay and fix the wire mesh on the slope surface; Step 2: Fix the inflatable hardening pipe (3) at the top and bottom of the slope respectively. Inflate the inflatable hardening pipe (3) from the top of the slope. The inflatable hardening pipe (3) pushes the T-shaped push rod (5.8) of the automatic grab hook (5) downward, causing the hook claw (5.4) to extend out of the octagonal shell (5.1) and hook the wire mesh below, thus completing the rapid arrangement of the slope. Step 3: Pour water onto the slope to harden the inflatable hardening pipe (3). Stop inflating after it is completely hardened to form a grid beam structure on the slope that combines support and water conveyance functions. Step 4: Install the vegetation trough (4) inside the hardened inflatable hardening pipe (3) grid, so that the vegetation trough (4) is fixedly connected to the inflatable hardening pipe (3) to form a temporary working structure for the slope. Step 5: Using the temporary working structure formed by the inflatable hardening pipe (3) and the vegetation trough (4), drill holes at the corresponding positions below the vegetation trough (4) on the slope. Remove the impermeable film on the surface of the hollow anchor rod (2) and put it into the hole. After all the holes are constructed, pour water on the slope to make the expansive cement-based material (2.2) expand and fill the holes, thus completing the anchor rod installation. Step 6: Keep the inside of the planting trough (4) dry, the salt-made pins (4.2.2) undissolved, the baffle (4.2) is constrained by the salt-made pins (4.2.2) and covers the planting cavity (4.1), spray cement-based hardening material onto the slope, and wait for the cement-based material to harden to form a stable slope; Step 7: Connect the water storage cavity (4.3) and the hollow anchor rod (2) through the first conduit (4.3.4) and the second conduit (4.3.5), inject water into the air-filled hardened pipe (3) through the water storage tank (6), and let the water enter the PVC pipe body (2.1) of the hollow anchor rod (2) through the one-way valve (2.3) to form a sealed state inside the hollow anchor rod (2); Step 8: Through the cooperation of the hollow anchor rod (2) with the first conduit (4.3.4) and the second conduit (4.3.5), water is stably supplied to the water storage cavity (4.3); Step 9: After water is introduced into the water storage chamber (4.3) and the regulating chamber (4.4), the salt-made pin (4.2.2) dissolves in the water, and the torsion spring drives the baffle (4.2) to fold towards the top of the slope through the extension rod, opening the upper part of the planting chamber (4.1), and spraying plant growth substrate and seeds into the planting chamber (4.1); the plant growth substrate includes, by weight, 98-100 parts of soil and 5-6 parts of organic matter; Step 10: Through the coordinated operation of the implantation cavity (4.1), the adjustment cavity (4.4) and the water storage cavity (4.3), water is automatically replenished into the implantation cavity (4.1).

9. The construction method for rapid greening of engineering rock slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The stable water supply to the water storage cavity (4.3) described in step eight is as follows: when the hollow anchor rod (2) is sealed inside and the water level in the water storage cavity (4.3) is lower than the height of the lower pipe opening of the first conduit (4.3.4), water flows out of the first conduit (4.3.4) and the second conduit (4.3.5) into the water storage cavity (4.3) under the action of atmospheric pressure; when the water level in the water storage cavity (4.3) reaches the height of the lower pipe opening of the first conduit (4.3.4), the water blocks the first conduit (4.3.4), and the second conduit (4.3.5) stops supplying water to the water storage cavity (4.3) under the action of atmospheric pressure balance, thus realizing passive constant water level water supply.

10. The construction method for rapid greening of engineering rock slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The automatic water replenishment to the planting cavity (4.1) described in step ten is as follows: When the water in the planting cavity (4.1) evaporates and is in a water shortage state, the water level in the regulating cavity (4.4) drops, and the magnetic float (4.3.2) pulls the switch (4.3.1) open under the magnetic force of the first magnet (4.3.3), allowing water in the water storage cavity (4.3) to enter the regulating cavity (4.4); When the water in the planting cavity (4.1) is saturated, the water level in the regulating cavity (4.4) rises, the magnetic float (4.3.2) separates from the first magnet (4.3.3) under the action of buoyancy, the switch (4.3.1) closes under the preload of the torsion spring, and the water storage cavity (4.3) stops supplying water to the regulating cavity (4.4), thus realizing self-regulating water supply.

Images