A coal mine intelligent collaborative mining system and method based on plasma technology

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a coal mine intelligent collaborative mining system and method based on plasma technology. The system comprises an intelligent master control hub, a shared support module, a plasma rock breaking and tunneling device, a gas extraction and permeability improvement assembly, a non-pillar mining-high energy ion gasification assembly, and a global safety protection system. The present application builds an integrated collaborative architecture of "intelligent master control hub + shared support module + three major functional execution systems", fundamentally overcoming the fundamental defects of traditional technology and existing plasma research "single-point breakthrough, difficult to collaborate", realizing the transition from "equipment integration" to "system intelligence", and through multi-dimensional monitoring network, the physical field, gas concentration and structural stress are monitored at millisecond level, breaking through the limitations of each link of traditional coal mining, realizing a safe, efficient and green mining mode, the method is safer, more uniform and more durable, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, specifically to an intelligent collaborative coal mining system and method based on plasma technology. Background Technology

[0002] As my country's primary energy source, the safe, efficient, and green mining of coal is crucial for ensuring energy security and achieving sustainable development. Currently, traditional coal mining technologies face severe challenges in areas such as rock breaking, gas control, and resource recovery, making it difficult to meet increasingly stringent standards.

[0003] In the rock breaking and tunneling stages, the mainstream technologies rely on mechanical cutting or blasting. Mechanical tunneling (such as roller cutter cutting) commonly suffers from problems in high-hardness rock formations (such as granite and quartz sandstone) including rapid cutter wear (effective rock-breaking life of a single cutter is often less than 200 meters), high cutting resistance, and high energy consumption (energy consumption per unit volume of rock breaking can reach over 150 kJ / m³), resulting in low tunneling efficiency and high costs. While blasting can handle hard rock, it inevitably generates strong vibration waves, damaging the stability of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, and is accompanied by severe dust and harmful gas pollution (dust concentration at the working surface often exceeds the standard by 3 to 5 times), posing significant safety and environmental risks.

[0004] In terms of gas drainage and control, especially for low-permeability coal seams (permeability less than 0.1 mD), conventional permeability enhancement technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and deep-hole blasting have significant limitations. Their effective radius of influence is limited (usually less than 5 meters), and the permeability enhancement effect decays rapidly (for example, the drainage rate may drop by more than 40% after 30 days). It is difficult to reliably meet the mandatory requirement of a drainage rate of more than 80% for high-gas mines in the "Interim Provisions on Compliance of Coal Mine Gas Drainage Standards," thus becoming a bottleneck restricting the safe and efficient production of coal mines.

[0005] Pillarless mining, as an important direction for improving resource recovery rates (which can be 15% to 20% higher than the pillar method) and achieving green mining, hinges on the rapid formation and stable control of the goaf boundary. Traditional technologies such as underground coal gasification rely on chemical catalysts or long-term preheating, resulting in low coal conversion efficiency (typically below 70%) and difficulty in precisely controlling the gasification reaction zone (channel deviation can exceed 20%). Furthermore, effectively regulating mining-induced stress and preventing roof instability and collapse during the formation of the isolation zone remains an unresolved challenge.

[0006] Plasma technology, as an emerging high-energy physics technology, offers a novel approach to overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional technologies. The high-temperature (over 10,000℃) and high-speed ion beams it generates can theoretically achieve efficient rock fragmentation through extreme thermal shock and thermal stress coupling, offering potential advantages such as rapid rock-breaking speed and low dust generation. In terms of coal modification, plasma pulsed discharge can induce new fracture networks at the microscopic level, potentially significantly improving gas desorption and seepage characteristics. Furthermore, utilizing high-energy ion beams to trigger controllable coal seam gasification reactions makes precise cutting and resource conversion possible in pillarless mining.

[0007] However, the systematic application of plasma technology in coal mining still faces multiple challenges in transitioning from the laboratory to engineering: First, there is a lack of integrated plasma rock-breaking tunneling equipment capable of adapting to the complex underground geomechanical environment (high ground stress, high humidity, etc.), and the reliability of its energy transmission efficiency and rock-breaking effect needs to be verified. Second, the permeability enhancement mechanism of plasma on coal (especially coal of different metamorphic degrees) is complex, and a universally applicable process parameter optimization model has not yet been established. Furthermore, the coal column-free ion gasification process involves strong coupling effects of temperature, stress, and flow fields, and its dynamic evolution law is unclear, leading to insufficient control precision in the gasification range and morphology. Crucially, existing research mostly focuses on single functions (either rock breaking or gasification only), lacking a comprehensive experimental platform and methods capable of simulating the synergistic and multi-field coupling effects of multiple processes—rock breaking, permeability enhancement, and gasification—severely restricting the overall optimization and engineering evaluation of this technology system.

[0008] Therefore, developing a comprehensive experimental system and method that integrates plasma rock breaking tunneling, gas extraction and permeability enhancement, and coal pillar-free ion gasification functions, conducting in-depth research on the plasma action mechanism under multiple scenarios, and optimizing key collaborative control parameters have become an indispensable key link in promoting this cutting-edge technology from theoretical exploration to industrial application. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an intelligent collaborative mining system and method for coal mines based on plasma technology. By constructing an integrated collaborative architecture of "intelligent central control + shared support modules + three major functional execution systems", the fundamental defects of traditional technology and existing plasma research, namely "single-point breakthrough and difficulty in collaboration", are fundamentally overcome, realizing the leap from "equipment integration" to "system intelligence".

[0010] The technical solution adopted is as follows: A coal mine intelligent collaborative mining system based on plasma technology includes an intelligent central control unit, a shared support module, a plasma rock breaking and tunneling device, a gas extraction and permeability enhancement component, a pillarless mining-high-energy ion gasification component, and a comprehensive safety protection system. The intelligent central control unit communicates with each module and system via industrial Ethernet, completing a data interaction every 30-80ms to perform real-time data acquisition, multi-field coupling model solving, parameter adaptive optimization, and multi-system timing scheduling. The shared support module provides unified technical support for the three major functional systems, including an intelligent energy distribution and supply module, a multi-field coupling working condition simulation module, a global fluid medium coordination module, a multi-dimensional monitoring sensor network, and a multi-field coupling numerical simulation module. The plasma rock breaking and tunneling device, gas extraction and permeability enhancement component, and pillarless mining-high-energy ion gasification component operate synchronously and dynamically adapt under the coordinated control of the intelligent central control unit.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent energy distribution and supply module integrates ion gas, current, cooling water, and liquid nitrogen transmission channels, and uses rotary slip ring technology to achieve a stable connection between rotating and fixed components. Its conductive ring resistance is less than 0.1mΩ, and the rotation speed is no more than 150rpm. The output parameters are dynamically adjustable, covering power of 50-200kW, voltage of 20-50kV, current of 100-500A, and frequency of 1-200kHz, and are precisely distributed to each functional unit according to the overall control command.

[0012] Preferably, the multi-field coupling working condition simulation module includes an integrated sealed experimental chamber, which can simultaneously simulate confining pressure of 0-150MPa, vibration frequency of 10-50Hz, amplitude of 0-5mm, coal seam temperature of 20-60℃, gas pressure of 0.1-5MPa, and negative pressure of goaf of 10-0kPa; the inner wall of the chamber is lined with a silicon carbide refractory layer with a pressure resistance of 30MPa.

[0013] Preferably, the global fluid medium coordination module integrates the supply and recovery loops for ionizing gas, oxidant, cooling medium, and purge gas, and achieves on-demand distribution through a high-precision flow controller; wherein, the ionizing gas is an argon / nitrogen mixture with a volume ratio of 7:3 and a flow rate of 10-20 L / min; the oxidant is a water vapor / oxygen mixture with a flow rate of 5-15 L / min; the cooling medium is dual-loop cooling water with a flow rate of 5-20 L / min; and the purge gas is nitrogen with a flow rate of 5 L / min.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-dimensional monitoring sensor network includes a physical field monitoring unit, a fluid field monitoring unit, and a chemical field monitoring unit; The physical field monitoring unit includes a high-speed camera, a laser particle size analyzer, a force sensor, a displacement sensor, and an infrared thermal imager; The fluid field monitoring unit includes a GD6W mine gas drainage wireless multi-parameter sensor, a mercury porosimeter, and a BET specific surface area analyzer. The chemical field monitoring unit includes an online gas chromatograph and a hazardous gas concentration sensor.

[0015] Preferably, the plasma rock breaking and tunneling device includes a plasma generating component and a negative pressure component integrated into the tunneling machine base; the plasma torch is installed on the front side of the cutter travel direction with a spacing of less than 10cm, forming an integrated structure of "plasma pretreatment ~ mechanically assisted crushing ~ synchronous slag discharge"; during rock breaking, the plasma jet temperature is greater than 2000℃, the jet velocity is greater than 1000m / s, and the generated debris is mainly in the form of 5-50mm blocks, accounting for more than 75%.

[0016] Preferably, the gas extraction and permeability enhancement component includes a sealed coal sample container, a pulse discharge power supply, a needle-plate electrode, an extraction pipeline, and a pore parameter detection device; it adopts a "high-frequency pulse + intermittent discharge" mode, with nitrogen gas purging during the discharge interval; Plasma expands the pores of the coal body through Joule heating and shock waves, thereby increasing connectivity, reducing gas adsorption capacity, and ensuring that the gas extraction rate is consistently greater than 85%.

[0017] Preferably, the pillarless mining-high-energy ion gasification assembly includes a gasification reactor, a movable graphite electrode, an oxidant gas supply device, a rock pressure simulation device, a goaf simulation chamber, and a product analysis device. The plasma ignition torch raises the furnace temperature to 1500–1800℃ within 10–20 seconds, triggering the coal pyrolysis and reforming reaction. The gasification range is controlled and stabilized within a diameter of 0.3–0.8 m, forming a coal pillar-free isolation zone. The coal conversion rate is greater than or equal to 88%, and the CO content in the products is greater than or equal to 58%, while the H2 content is greater than or equal to 27%.

[0018] A method for intelligent collaborative coal mining based on plasma technology, employing the intelligent collaborative coal mining system based on plasma technology described in this invention, includes the following steps: (1) Preparation stage: The intelligent central control module loads engineering parameters, the working condition simulation module reaches the preset environmental parameters, and the numerical simulation module generates the initial parameter scheme; (2) Parallel operation phase: Rock breaking tunneling, gas permeability enhancement and pillarless gasification are started simultaneously, and the intelligent central control receives monitoring network data in real time; (3) Dynamic optimization stage: Adjust the operating parameters of each component in real time based on monitoring data and numerical simulation results; (4) Final stage: After the tunneling is completed, the permeability enhancement component continues to run for 15 to 20 minutes, the gasification device continues to run until the isolation zone is formed, and then the gas purification and equipment cooling are started.

[0019] Preferably, the dynamic optimization phase follows the following parameter coupling and coordination rules: For every 10% increase in the fractal dimension of rock fractures, the frequency of enhanced penetration discharge decreases by 20%. When the coal body pore connectivity is greater than or equal to 80%, the gasification energy consumption is reduced by 10% to 15%. After the gasification isolation zone is formed, the rock-breaking tunneling speed increases by 20% to 30%, reaching a maximum of 1m / min.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The beneficial effects of this invention are specifically reflected in the following four aspects: (1) This invention achieves a safe, efficient, and green mining mode. Its core lies in breaking through the limitations of traditional coal mining processes by integrating plasma technology across disciplines. In terms of rock breaking and tunneling, plasma jets (>2000℃) replace or assist mechanical cutting and blasting. Unlike traditional mechanical cutting, which suffers from severe tool wear and high energy consumption, as well as the vibration hazards and dust pollution of blasting operations, plasma achieves efficient breaking with the help of high-temperature ion beams. This reduces equipment wear and environmental impact, making the rock breaking process more efficient and cleaner. In terms of gas control, plasma pulse discharge is used for physical permeability enhancement. Compared with hydraulic fracturing (which relies on water and may pollute the coal seam) and deep-hole blasting (which causes large disturbances), its mechanism of action is to induce a micro-fracture network (fractal dimension enhancement) inside the coal body. It does not introduce external media and does not damage the macroscopic rock structure. Compared with the "induced gas explosion" (which has the risk of runaway) and "pumpless drilling and reaming" (which only enlarges the hole locally) mentioned in the background technology, the method of this invention is safer, has a more uniform effect, and has a more lasting effect. In terms of resource recovery: This invention uses high-energy plasma ion beams for gasification and shaping of coal pillar-free isolation zones, achieving precise, efficient, and controllable "cutting" gasification compared to traditional underground coal gasification (conversion rate <70%, inaccurate control).

[0021] (2) By intelligently controlling the gasification range (stable within 0.5m in diameter) and reaction process, the coal conversion rate is increased to ≥88%, and the resulting isolation zone can effectively support the roof, thus resolving the two contradictory goals of improving resource recovery rate and controlling rock strata stability.

[0022] (3) This invention enables intelligent collaboration and dynamic optimization across multiple processes. The most significant advancement of this invention lies in breaking down the fragmented state of the three stages of "rock breaking, permeability enhancement, and gasification" in terms of time, space, and parameters. The intelligent central control unit performs global data interaction and scheduling every 30-80ms, ensuring that the three functions operate synchronously and achieving time synchronization and parameter linkage. For example, the fracture distribution data generated by the rock breaking device guides the discharge parameters of the permeability enhancement component in real time, and the increased pore connectivity after permeability enhancement provides a basis for reducing energy consumption of the gasification component. This linkage makes the overall system efficiency greater than the sum of its parts.

[0023] Model-based predictive control: The combination of the multi-field coupled numerical simulation module (COMSOL) and the real-time monitoring network enables the system not only to reflect the current state but also to predict changing trends and adjust parameters in advance. For example, if the simulation shows that the confining pressure is increasing, the plasma torch power can be increased in advance to ensure the continuous and stable rock-breaking efficiency.

[0024] (4) The system and method of this invention are adaptable to geological conditions. The broad parameter adaptation capability and the shared support module design enable it to cover complex geological conditions ranging from shallow to deep (containing pressure 0–150 MPa), from dry to wet, different coal qualities (anthracite, bituminous coal), and gas pressure (0.1–5 MPa). The intelligent energy distribution and global fluid medium coordination module can provide precise supply as needed, ensuring that the core processes can achieve optimal performance in different environments.

[0025] The closed-loop experimentation and verification system, along with the integrated multi-field coupled working condition simulation module, allows for customized mining parameter schemes for different mining conditions. The experimental chamber enables safe and rapid verification, greatly accelerating the application of the technology from the laboratory to specific mine sites.

[0026] (5) This invention can construct a full-domain safety closed loop to achieve proactive intrinsic safety protection. The safety system of this invention is upgraded from the traditional "passive protection" to a closed loop of "active perception ~ intelligent decision-making ~ rapid execution". Through a multi-dimensional monitoring network, the physical field, gas concentration, and structural stress are monitored at the millisecond level. In addition, multi-level early warning thresholds are set (such as a gas concentration of 0.8% warning). Once triggered, the central control can automatically execute a combination of commands such as power reduction, power cut-off, start dilution ventilation, and adjust support, which has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a plasma rock breaking and tunneling device, along with enlarged views of some of its structures.

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram and enlarged view of some structures of the gas extraction permeability enhancement component.

[0029] Figure 3 Diagram of a pillarless mining, high-energy ion, gasification experimental system.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh generation and temperature field distribution of a multi-field coupled numerical model.

[0031] In the figure, 11-plasma torch; 12-arc generating structure; 13-gas transport structure; 14-cooling system; 15-energy supply system; 16-negative pressure component; 17-rock sample stage; 18-triaxial hydraulic loading device; 19-vibration exciter; 110-high-speed camera; 111-laser particle size analyzer; 112-force sensor; 21-Sealed coal sample container; 22-Pulse discharge power supply; 23-Needle-plate electrode; 24-Gas source; 25-Pressure sensor; 26-Flow sensor; 27-Mercury porosimeter; 28-BET surface area analyzer; 31-Gasification reactor; 32-Silicon carbide refractory layer; 33-Graphite electrode; 34-Oxidant gas supply system; 35-Hydraulic loading system; 36-Displacement sensor; 37-Goaf simulation chamber; 38-Online gas chromatograph; 39-Infrared thermal imager; 310-Plasma ignition torch; 41-GD6W mine gas drainage wireless multi-parameter sensor; 42-Insulating housing; 43-Grounding protection device; 44-Overcurrent protection device; 45-Surge arrester; 51-Model computation domain; 52-Mesh generation area; 53-High temperature core area; 54-Medium temperature transition area; 55-Low temperature influence area. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made by those skilled in the art to all other embodiments obtained without creative effort should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: Individual implementation and collaborative application of multiple coupling scenarios.

[0034] Taking a deep, high-gas coal mine in the Huanghuai region (average coal seam depth 800m, rock hardness f=10~14, coal seam permeability 0.03mD, coal seam thickness 4m, coal type bituminous coal) as the engineering background, a full-scale integrated collaborative experimental platform was constructed. The device parameters and engineering compatibility are as follows: (1) Integration of core devices Intelligent central control unit: Equipped with an industrial-grade PLC controller and a COMSOL Multiphysics real-time computing module, it communicates with various systems via Ethernet with a data interaction cycle of 50ms, and supports parameter adaptive optimization and timing scheduling.

[0035] Deployment of shared support modules: Intelligent energy distribution and supply module: equipped with a 10kV isolation transformer and rotating slip ring (conducting ring resistance <0.1mΩ), output power 50~200kW, voltage 20~50kV, current 100~500A, to achieve precise energy distribution.

[0036] Multi-field coupling working condition simulation chamber: inner diameter 1200mm, length 2000mm, pressure resistance 30MPa, inner wall lined with silicon carbide refractory layer; integrates triaxial hydraulic loading device (confining pressure 0~150MPa), vibration exciter (frequency 0~100Hz), gas supply system and goaf negative pressure simulation unit, which can simultaneously simulate the complex environment of deep mine.

[0037] The global fluid media coordination module supplies ion gas (argon / nitrogen = 7:3, flow rate 10-20 L / min), oxidant (oxygen / water vapor = 1:3, flow rate 5-15 L / min), cooling medium (dual-loop water cooling, flow rate 5-20 L / min), and purge gas (nitrogen, flow rate 5 L / min) on demand through a high-precision flow controller (accuracy ±0.1 L / min).

[0038] Multi-dimensional monitoring sensor network: Integrates high-speed cameras (1000fps), laser particle size analyzers (0.1~2000μm), GD6W sensors, mercury porosimeters, BET analyzers, online gas chromatographs (accuracy ±1%), infrared thermal imagers (0~3000℃) and other equipment to achieve real-time acquisition of parameters across the entire domain.

[0039] (2) Adaptation of the three major functional system devices Plasma rock breaking and tunneling system: The annular electric arc plasma torch (rated power 200kW) is fixed at the front end of the cutting arm of the EBZ318 tunneling machine, 25cm away from the cutter group; the negative pressure component is on the same side as the plasma outlet, and a force sensor (range 0~50kN) is matched to monitor the cutting resistance.

[0040] Gas extraction permeability enhancement component: a sealed coal sample container (5L volume, 10MPa pressure resistance) with an built-in infrared heating plate, a pulse discharge power supply (output voltage 0-50kV) and matching needle-plate electrodes (needle tip curvature radius 50μm, electrode spacing 10-50mm), which is integrated with the extraction pipeline and pore detection equipment.

[0041] Pillarless Mining - High-Energy Ion Gasification Component: The gasification reactor and working condition simulation chamber are integrated into one design, with built-in movable graphite electrodes (50mm in diameter, 1mm spacing adjustment accuracy), and equipped with an oxidant gas supply system, a hydraulic loading system (maximum load 2000kN) and a product analysis system.

[0042] (3) Implementation process of the three major systems respectively a. Standalone application of plasma rock breaking and tunneling system Pretreatment stage: The basalt sample (500mm×500mm×500mm, compressive strength 200MPa) was fixed on the sample stage, and a confining pressure of 120MPa was applied (simulating the ground stress at a burial depth of 800m). The vibration exciter (frequency 40Hz, amplitude 3mm) was started to simulate the tunneling vibration condition.

[0043] Parameter adjustment: Set the ion gas flow rate to 18L / min, plasma torch power to 190kW, pulse frequency to 90kHz, pulse width to 0.4s, and ensure that the jet temperature is stable at 2600±100℃ and the jet velocity is >1000m / s.

[0044] Rock breaking operation: The tunneling machine simulation device was activated, with a cutting speed of 0.5 m / min. The plasma torch synchronously emitted pulsed jets, acting vertically on the rock surface, with a rock-breaking area diameter of 100 ± 5 mm. High-speed camera recordings showed that the surface layer of the rock melted to a thickness of 0.8–1.2 mm, forming a 40–60 mm deep fracture pit within 25 ms. The debris was mainly in 5–50 mm chunks (80%), with dust accounting for 20%.

[0045] Performance verification: Energy consumption per unit volume is 115kJ / m³, which is 45% lower than that of traditional mechanical rock breaking; cutting resistance is reduced from 40kN in pure mechanical rock breaking to 23kN; tool wear is reduced by 65%; and rock breaking speed reaches 1.1m³ / h.

[0046] b. Gas extraction permeability enhancement components used alone Coal sample preparation: Select bituminous coal samples from the mine site, prepare standard specimens with a diameter of φ50mm×100mm, vacuum dry for 48h, initial porosity 5.1%, permeability 0.03mD; vacuum saturated adsorption of methane (pressure 4MPa, adsorption time 24h), the initial gas flow rate was measured to be 0.7L / min.

[0047] Anti-reflection treatment: A "high-frequency pulse + intermittent discharge" mode is used, with a voltage of 45kV, a frequency of 160Hz, a single discharge energy of 9kJ, and a treatment time of 18min. Nitrogen gas (flow rate 5L / min) is introduced during the discharge interval to prevent carbon buildup. Parameter testing: Mercury porosimetry showed that the proportion of macropores with a pore size >100nm increased from 18% to 35%, and the pore connectivity increased from 68% to 85%; BET analysis showed that the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface decreased by 30%, and the specific surface area decreased from 1.3m² / g to 0.75m² / g.

[0048] Extraction verification: Maintaining a gas pressure of 4 MPa, the peak gas flow rate after treatment reached 1.4 L / min (100% improvement), the steady-state flow rate was 1.1 L / min (57% improvement), and the flow rate decay rate after 30 days was only 18%, which is significantly better than traditional hydraulic fracturing (decay rate of 45%).

[0049] c. Pillarless mining - High-energy ion gasification module used alone Gasification preparation: Fill the gasification reactor with coal powder (particle size <3mm, moisture content <8%), and lay a 400mm thick layer to simulate a 4m thick coal seam; start the hydraulic loading system and apply a pressure of 16MPa (simulating the pressure of rock strata at a depth of 800m), and maintain a negative pressure of 8kPa in the goaf simulation chamber.

[0050] Ignition start-up: Set the electrode spacing to 12cm, introduce oxygen / water vapor (volume ratio 1:3), adjust the arc current to 450A and the voltage to 48kV, and the furnace temperature will rise to 1900℃ within 25s, triggering the coal powder pyrolysis reaction (C+H2O→CO+H2).

[0051] Process control: The steady-state operating parameters are oxidant flow rate of 16 L / min, discharge frequency of 6 Hz (discharge 0.2 s, interval 0.8 s), and the electrode spacing is adjusted in real time by infrared thermal imager to control the vaporization range to be stable within a diameter of 0.6 m and the expansion speed of 4.5 cm / min.

[0052] Product analysis: The gas composition determined by online gas chromatograph is CO (60%), H2 (28%), CH4 (4%), with a calorific value of 13.5 MJ / m³, a coal conversion rate of 90%, and a bottom plate displacement controlled within 2.8 mm, which meets the requirements for rock strata stability.

[0053] (4) Implementation process of collaborative application of the three major systems ①Preparation for Collaborative Experiment The parameters for the overall control center loading project are as follows: mining depth 800m, coal seam thickness 4m, coal quality bituminous coal, gas pressure 4MPa, set confining pressure 120MPa, vibration frequency 40Hz, coal seam temperature 45℃, and goaf negative pressure 8kPa.

[0054] The working condition simulation chamber starts up and reaches the preset parameters. The numerical simulation module generates an initial collaborative scheme: rock breaking power 190kW, permeability enhancement voltage 42kV, gasification current 430A, and energy distribution ratio of 60% for rock breaking, 20% for permeability enhancement, and 20% for gasification.

[0055] Deploy monitoring equipment: Deploy GD6W sensors, infrared thermal imagers, and displacement sensors in the rock-breaking area, permeability-enhancing area, and gasification area respectively to ensure real-time acquisition of parameters across the entire area.

[0056] ② Cooperative runtime timing and parameter coupling Phase 1: Simultaneous start of rock breaking and permeability enhancement (60 min) Rock breaking system startup: tunneling speed 0.5m / min, plasma torch parameters 190kW, 90kHz, pulse width 0.4s, jet temperature 2600±100℃, and negative pressure slag discharge started simultaneously.

[0057] Synchronous preheating of the permeability enhancement system: 10 minutes after rock breaking, the permeability enhancement system starts pulse discharge for the coal body behind the rock breaking area. The central control unit adjusts the discharge frequency from 160Hz to 128Hz (reduced by 20%) according to the fractal dimension of the rock breaking fracture (initially increased by 30%) to avoid excessive coal body crushing.

[0058] Coupling effect: The fracture network formed by rock breaking provides a channel for permeability enhancement, and the gas extraction flow rate is increased by 15% compared with permeability enhancement alone, and stabilized at 1.25L / min.

[0059] Phase Two: Gasification System Start-up (60 minutes later) When the rock breaking and tunneling reaches a distance of 3m (corresponding to 3 / 4 of the coal seam thickness), the gasification system is started simultaneously. The central control unit reduces the gasification energy consumption by 12% based on the pore connectivity rate of the coal body after permeability enhancement (85%), and sets the electrode current to 430A, voltage to 46kV, and oxidant flow rate to 15L / min.

[0060] Gasification process control: The temperature field is monitored by infrared thermal imager, the electrode spacing is adjusted to 12cm and the discharge frequency is 6Hz, the gasification range is uniformly expanded along the coal seam, and an effective connection is formed with the rock breaking area to construct a coal pillar-free isolation zone.

[0061] Coupling effect: After permeability enhancement, the pore connectivity of the coal body is improved, the gasification reaction area is expanded, and the coal conversion rate is increased by 3% compared with gasification alone, reaching 93%; the stable isolation zone formed by gasification reduces the stress concentration of the rock strata, and the rock breaking tunneling speed is increased by 25% to 0.625m / min.

[0062] Phase 3: Global Collaborative Optimization (after 120 minutes) The central control unit dynamically adjusts parameters based on monitoring data: the confining pressure rises slightly (125MPa), the rock-breaking power is increased to 195kW compensation efficiency; the gas extraction rate reaches 88%, and the permeability enhancement parameters are kept stable; the temperature in the gasification zone is kept stable at 1900℃, and the oxidant flow rate is adjusted to 15.5L / min to ensure product purity.

[0063] Safety and collaborative control: The GD6W sensor monitored a gas concentration of 0.7% and a CO concentration of 19ppm, both below the warning value; the roof pressure reached a maximum of 14.5MPa, but the safety interlock was not triggered, and the displacement of the floor was controlled within 3mm.

[0064] ③ Collaborative experiment completion (180 min) After the rock-breaking tunneling was completed, the central control unit instructed the permeability enhancement system to run continuously for 20 minutes to ensure sufficient gas extraction, with the final gas extraction rate reaching 90%.

[0065] The gasification system was kept running until the coal pillar isolation zone was fully formed (0.6m in diameter and 3m in length), and then the energy supply and oxidant flow were gradually reduced to start the gas purification process.

[0066] The cooling system ran continuously for 30 minutes to reduce the temperature of each component to below 50°C. The operating condition simulation chamber was then shut down to complete the experiment.

[0067] ④ Summary of Collaborative Application Effects When the three systems are used simultaneously, a deep coupling and synergistic effect of "rock breaking, permeability enhancement, and gasification" are achieved: Rock breaking efficiency: The rock breaking speed reaches 1.3m³ / h, which is 18% higher than that of single application and 3.2 times higher than that of traditional mechanical methods. The tool life is extended to more than 550m.

[0068] Permeability enhancement performance: The gas extraction rate of low-permeability coal seams remains stable at over 90%, which is 5% higher than that of single application, and the flow rate decay rate is only 15% after 30 days, breaking through the bottleneck of permeability enhancement in deep low-permeability coal seams.

[0069] Mining results: The gasification range control accuracy reached 96%, the coal conversion rate was 93%, which is 3% higher than that of the single application; the coal pillar isolation zone was formed stably, the roof displacement fluctuation was <3%, and the stability of the rock strata in the goaf was significantly improved.

[0070] Overall benefits: Energy utilization rate is increased by 20%, experimental costs are reduced by 30%, dust emissions are reduced by more than 65%, there are no hazards from blasting vibrations, and it is fully adapted to the safe, efficient, green and intelligent mining needs of deep high-gas mines.

[0071] This embodiment verifies the technical effectiveness of the three systems when applied individually and the synergistic gains when applied simultaneously by setting quantitative parameters, intelligent collaborative control, and full-process monitoring. It constructs a complete technical chain of "experimental simulation ~ mechanism revelation ~ parameter optimization ~ engineering adaptation", providing a replicable paradigm for the engineering application of plasma technology in integrated mining of deep coal mines.

[0072] Example 2: Fully collaborative rapid tunneling and gas control in deep, high-gas hard rock mines.

[0073] (1) Application scenarios A newly built deep mine has a mining depth of 800 meters. The main coal seam is a high-gas coal seam (gas pressure 3.5 MPa), and the roof is a hard, thick layer of quartz sandstone (compressive strength > 150 MPa). Traditional methods face challenges such as extremely slow tunneling speed (less than 80 meters per month), huge consumption of cutting tools, and long gas pre-drainage time (requiring more than 6 months in advance).

[0074] (2) Implementation Plan Collaborative Start-up: The system of this invention was applied in one of the development roadways of the mine. After the intelligent central control unit loaded the geological parameters of the mine, the working condition simulation module pre-simulated collaborative operations at a depth of 800 meters (simulating a confining pressure of about 20 MPa) in the experimental chamber.

[0075] Synchronous Rock Breaking and Permeability Enhancement: After tunneling commences, the plasma rock breaking system pre-treats the sandstone ahead at 100kW power and 50kHz frequency, melting its surface and generating a network of micro-fractures. The mechanical cutter follows, breaking the weakened rock, increasing the tunneling speed to 0.6 meters per minute. Simultaneously, the needle-plate electrodes of the gas permeability enhancement system pulse discharge onto the side coal seam at 80Hz frequency, based on the fracture distribution map generated by rock breaking, synchronously forming a permeability enhancement zone within 20 meters behind the tunneling head.

[0076] (3) Dynamic optimization The monitoring network indicated that the rock was extremely hard, resulting in large-sized rock fragments. The central control unit immediately instructed the plasma torch power to be dynamically increased to 150kW and the jet duration adjusted to 0.8 seconds. Simultaneously, based on the BET analyzer's detection that the coal seam pore connectivity rapidly reached 75%, the central control unit reduced the anti-permeability discharge frequency to 60Hz to optimize energy consumption.

[0077] Results: The three major processes of tunneling, gas pre-drainage, and roadway formation are achieved in parallel in space and overlap in time. The monthly tunneling speed is expected to increase to over 300 meters, and the gas extraction rate of the coal seam around the roadway will reach the standard requirement of 85% within 30 days, gaining crucial time for subsequent mining.

[0078] Example 3: Verification of adaptive mining technology and generation of parameter packages under extremely complex geological conditions.

[0079] (1) Application scenarios A mining group plans to mine an overseas coal seam with extremely complex occurrence conditions (burial depth exceeding 1000 meters, high stress, high water content, and significant variations in coal quality). Before making a huge underground investment, the feasibility of the mining technology and the optimal process parameters need to be fully verified.

[0080] (2) Implementation Plan Digital-physical fusion simulation: At the ground test center, the integrated multi-field coupling working condition simulation module of the present invention is used to completely reproduce the extreme conditions of the target mining area: the confining pressure of the test chamber is set to 35MPa, a mixed gas with a humidity of 20% is injected to simulate a high water content environment, and coal and rock samples with different degrees of metamorphism are placed.

[0081] Full-process simulation and optimization: Inside the simulation chamber, the three major systems undergo a "rehearsal" of a complete mining cycle. First, the jet stability and rock-breaking efficiency of plasma rock breaking are tested under high pressure and high humidity conditions to find the optimal parameters for insulation and cooling. Next, for low-permeability coal samples, the permeability enhancement effect is tested under different discharge energies (1–10 kJ) and modes (continuous / intermittent), and the induction of harmful gases is analyzed using online gas chromatography. Finally, ion gasification is simulated under high ground stress to study the stability and control laws of the gasification channel.

[0082] Data-driven decision-making: Throughout the simulation process, a multi-dimensional monitoring sensor network and the numerical simulation module operate synchronously, collecting massive amounts of data. The intelligent central control unit uses machine learning algorithms to analyze and derive the optimal collaborative parameter package suitable for the specific mining area. For example, "Under the conditions of coal quality A, stress B, and moisture content C, the recommended collaborative mode is to use rock breaking power P1, permeability enhancement frequency F2, and gasification interval G3."

[0083] Effect: In this scenario, the system is not directly used for production, but rather serves as a "mining strategy laboratory" or a "digital twin verification platform." It provides mining companies with fully validated and customized mining process solutions, minimizing the risks and costs of underground industrial testing, and providing crucial decision-making support for the safe and efficient development of extremely complex resources.

[0084] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine intelligent collaborative mining system based on plasma technology, characterized in that, It includes an intelligent central control unit, shared support modules, plasma rock breaking and tunneling devices, gas extraction and permeability enhancement components, pillarless mining-high-energy ion gasification components, and a comprehensive safety protection system; The intelligent central control unit communicates with each module and system via industrial Ethernet, completing a data interaction every 30-80ms to perform real-time data acquisition, multi-field coupling model solving, parameter adaptive optimization, and multi-system timing scheduling. The shared support module provides unified technical support for the three major functional systems, including an intelligent energy distribution and supply module, a multi-field coupling working condition simulation module, a global fluid medium coordination module, a multi-dimensional monitoring sensor network, and a multi-field coupling numerical simulation module. The plasma rock breaking and tunneling device, gas extraction and permeability enhancement component, and pillarless mining-high-energy ion gasification component operate synchronously and dynamically adapt under the coordinated control of the intelligent central control unit.

2. The intelligent collaborative coal mining system based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent energy distribution and supply module integrates ion gas, current, cooling water, and liquid nitrogen transmission channels. It uses rotating slip ring technology to achieve a stable connection between rotating and fixed components. The resistance of its conductive ring is less than 0.1mΩ, and the rotation speed is no more than 150rpm. The output parameters are dynamically adjustable, covering power of 50-200kW, voltage of 20-50kV, current of 100-500A, and frequency of 1-200kHz, and are precisely distributed to each functional unit according to the overall control command.

3. The intelligent collaborative coal mining system based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-field coupling working condition simulation module includes an integrated sealed experimental chamber, which can simultaneously simulate confining pressure of 0-150MPa, vibration frequency of 10-50Hz, amplitude of 0-5mm, coal seam temperature of 20-60℃, gas pressure of 0.1-5MPa, and negative pressure of goaf of 10-0kPa; the inner wall of the chamber is lined with a silicon carbide refractory layer with a pressure resistance of 30MPa.

4. The intelligent collaborative mining system for coal mines based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The global fluid medium coordination module integrates the supply and recovery loops for ionizing gas, oxidant, cooling medium, and purge gas, and achieves on-demand distribution through a high-precision flow controller. Among them, the ionizing gas is an argon / nitrogen mixture with a volume ratio of 7:3 and a flow rate of 10-20 L / min; the oxidant is a water vapor / oxygen mixture with a flow rate of 5-15 L / min; the cooling medium is dual-loop cooling water with a flow rate of 5-20 L / min; and the purge gas is nitrogen with a flow rate of 5 L / min.

5. The intelligent collaborative mining system for coal mines based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional monitoring sensor network includes a physical field monitoring unit, a fluid field monitoring unit, and a chemical field monitoring unit. The physical field monitoring unit includes a high-speed camera, a laser particle size analyzer, a force sensor, a displacement sensor, and an infrared thermal imager; The fluid field monitoring unit includes a GD6W mine gas drainage wireless multi-parameter sensor, a mercury porosimeter, and a BET specific surface area analyzer. The chemical field monitoring unit includes an online gas chromatograph and a hazardous gas concentration sensor.

6. The intelligent collaborative mining system for coal mines based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma rock breaking and tunneling device includes a plasma generating component and a negative pressure component integrated into the tunneling machine base; the plasma torch is installed on the front side of the cutter travel direction with a spacing of less than 10cm, forming an integrated structure of "plasma pretreatment ~ mechanically assisted crushing ~ synchronous slag discharge"; during rock breaking, the plasma jet temperature is greater than 2000℃, the jet velocity is greater than 1000m / s, and the generated debris is mainly in the form of 5-50mm blocks, accounting for more than 75%.

7. The intelligent collaborative coal mining system based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas extraction and permeability enhancement component includes a sealed coal sample container, a pulse discharge power supply, a needle-plate electrode, an extraction pipeline, and a pore parameter detection device; it adopts a "high-frequency pulse + intermittent discharge" mode, with nitrogen gas purging during the discharge interval; Plasma expands the pores of the coal body through Joule heating and shock waves, thereby increasing connectivity, reducing gas adsorption capacity, and ensuring that the gas extraction rate is consistently greater than 85%.

8. The intelligent collaborative coal mining system based on plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pillarless mining-high-energy ion gasification assembly includes a gasification reactor, a movable graphite electrode, an oxidant gas supply device, a rock pressure simulation device, a goaf simulation chamber, and a product analysis device. The plasma ignition torch raises the furnace temperature to 1500-1800℃ within 10-20 seconds, triggering the coal cracking and reforming reaction, controlling the gasification range to remain stable within a diameter of 0.3-0.8m, and forming a coal pillar-free isolation zone.

9. A method for intelligent collaborative mining of coal mines based on plasma technology, characterized in that, The intelligent collaborative coal mining system based on plasma technology according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: (1) Preparation stage: The intelligent central control module loads engineering parameters, the working condition simulation module reaches the preset environmental parameters, and the numerical simulation module generates the initial parameter scheme; (2) Parallel operation phase: Rock breaking tunneling, gas permeability enhancement and pillarless gasification are started simultaneously, and the intelligent central control receives monitoring network data in real time; (3) Dynamic optimization stage: Adjust the operating parameters of each component in real time based on monitoring data and numerical simulation results; (4) Final stage: After the tunneling is completed, the permeability enhancement component continues to run for 15 to 20 minutes, the gasification device continues to run until the isolation zone is formed, and then the gas purification and equipment cooling are started.

10. A method for intelligent collaborative coal mining based on plasma technology according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dynamic optimization phase follows the following parameter coupling and coordination rules: For every 10% increase in the fractal dimension of rock fractures, the frequency of enhanced penetration discharge decreases by 20%. When the coal body pore connectivity is greater than or equal to 80%, the gasification energy consumption is reduced by 10% to 15%. After the gasification isolation zone is formed, the rock-breaking tunneling speed increases by 20% to 30%, reaching a maximum of 1m / min.

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