A self-ejecting umbrella-shaped protection-grouting integrated device and method based on stress sensing of surrounding rock of a tunnel

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of self-spring umbrella-shaped protection-grouting integrated device and method based on roadway surrounding rock stress response, belong to mining engineering technical field.In prior art, anchor rod support, hydraulic support and other problems such as slow response speed, complex installation, high cost, cannot effectively block flying stone and so on exist.The present application is through liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, impact layer, buffer isolation layer, cylindrical helical spring, audible and visual alarm, external grouting input port and deep grouting output hole and other components, real-time monitoring surrounding rock stress and liquid pressure, when surrounding rock stress exceeds second preset value, by cylindrical helical spring and advancing rod drive multistage linkage umbrella bone device automatic deployment, protect personnel and equipment;It has audible and visual warning function simultaneously, can send alarm to on-site personnel and monitoring center.Working personnel arrives, by deep grouting output hole directly to surrounding rock loose circle injects slurry, realizes the preliminary reinforcement and fissure filling of internal broken rock mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular relates to an integrated device and method for stress-sensing self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting in roadway surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] As mineral resource mining gradually moves deeper, human excavation operations disrupt the original stress balance, leading to stress redistribution. The stress environment of the surrounding rock in the tunnels becomes increasingly complex, and geological disasters such as roof collapses and rock bursts occur frequently, seriously threatening the safety of underground workers and equipment.

[0003] Existing roadway support technologies, such as rock bolt support and hydraulic supports, while providing some static support capacity, have the following significant shortcomings: 1. Slow response speed, unable to quickly deploy protection when the stress of the surrounding rock changes abruptly; 2. For rock masses with well-developed joints and fissures, isolated blocks resulting from structural surface slippage due to sudden changes in surrounding rock stress cannot be reinforced; 3. Existing support structures cannot effectively block flying debris generated during dynamic disasters such as rockbursts, and have limited protection against sudden impact loads.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve or even solve the above problems, it is urgent to develop an underground protection device that can respond quickly, trigger automatically, be easy to install, and have a low cost, so as to improve the safety of mining operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and achieve both low cost and rapid response and protection capabilities, the present invention aims to provide a low-cost, automatically triggered, environmentally adaptable, and effective integrated device and method for stress-sensing self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting in roadway surrounding rock, thereby improving the safety protection level of personnel and equipment in underground roadways and ensuring mining safety.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following techniques:

[0007] This invention relates to an integrated device and method for self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting based on stress sensing of surrounding rock in roadways. The device mainly includes a central telescopic support rod, an outer protective sleeve, a main support frame, a secondary support frame, a frame hinge seat, an impact-bearing layer, a buffer isolation layer, a liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, a cylindrical helical spring, a push rod, a repeater, an audible and visual alarm, an external grouting input port, and a deep grouting output channel.

[0008] The outer sheath is a hollow columnar structure made of steel, serving as a force transmission component of the device to evenly transfer the impact load to the surrounding support structure.

[0009] The central telescopic load-bearing rod is a telescopic multi-segment carbon steel rod nested inside the outer sleeve, serving as the core load-bearing component of the device for its deployment and retraction.

[0010] The main support frame is forged from high-toughness steel, and one end of it is connected to the top of the central telescopic load-bearing rod through a frame hinge seat to form the main load-bearing frame.

[0011] The secondary support frame is made of lightweight aluminum alloy tubing and is hinged between the main support frames to enhance the lateral connection and stability between the main support frames.

[0012] The frame hinge seat is a cast steel hinge seat, which is installed at the top of the central telescopic support rod and at the connection of the main support rib, in order to realize the expansion and locking of the main support frame and the secondary support frame.

[0013] The impact-bearing layer is made of high-molecular carbon fiber and covers the grid formed by the main support skeleton and the secondary support skeleton to directly withstand the impact of fractured rock fragments.

[0014] The buffer isolation layer is composed of a rubber layer and is laid between the secondary support frame and the impact-bearing layer to buffer the impact of gravel in the first instance and reduce the risk of damage to the impact-bearing layer.

[0015] The liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor is located at the lower end of the central telescopic support rod. It consists of a force transmission sleeve, a lower pressure-bearing base, a hydraulic sensing medium, a hydraulic gauge, and a hydraulic display screen. The upper and lower ends are sealed to prevent liquid leakage. It is used to sense and record the magnitude of the confining pressure in real time and convert it into an electrical signal output to the repeater, which then transmits it to the monitoring system.

[0016] The cylindrical helical spring is a steel ring, arranged between the upper section of the central telescopic support rod and the frame hinge seat, used to help the ejection device auxiliary structure unfold and reset.

[0017] The thrust rod is positioned between the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor and the cylindrical helical spring to provide stable and controllable thrust for deploying and retracting the protective structure.

[0018] The repeater is located inside the audible and visual alarm and is used for the initial judgment and recording of impact events, and to wirelessly transmit the warning information to the tunnel monitoring center.

[0019] The audible and visual alarm is fixed to the upper end of the frame hinge seat and consists of an electronic speaker and a red alarm light. When the pressure exceeds the first preset value, the audible and visual alarm will emit a red light and announce the relative position of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, warning the personnel on site to take evasive action quickly.

[0020] The external grouting input port is located on the side wall of the outer sleeve and is equipped with a valve to prevent rock debris from blocking the channel. It is used to connect to external grouting pumping equipment and serve as a grouting channel.

[0021] The deep grouting output channel is an opening from the inside of the central telescopic support rod to the outer sleeve to form a through flow channel. Its end opening faces the deep fracture zone of the surrounding rock, so that after the support is completed, the grouting material can be directly delivered to the loosened rock mass behind the support interface to achieve the initial reinforcement and fissure filling of the internal fractured rock mass.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. This invention employs a multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device and a liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. The automatic deployment of the multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device can quickly form support when pressure changes suddenly.

[0024] 2. This invention converts the surrounding rock stress into the compressive force of the liquid. Compared with existing support methods, this invention has a fast response speed and can effectively cope with sudden pressure changes.

[0025] 3. The present invention adopts a stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device, which integrates the grouting channel inside the central telescopic support rod. After the device is supported, deep grouting can be carried out directly, realizing the integrated operation of temporary protection and preliminary reinforcement.

[0026] 4. The components of the device designed in this invention are easy to manufacture, the structure is simple, the construction process is simple, and the cost is low. It achieves the safety of personnel and equipment through features such as automatic triggering and intelligent early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting device based on stress sensing of surrounding rock in a roadway, provided by the present invention, when it is installed in a crack in the surrounding rock of a roadway and is not in operation.

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting device based on stress sensing of surrounding rock in roadways, provided by the present invention, when installed in the fissures of surrounding rock in roadways.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor provided by the present invention;

[0031] In the diagram: 1---Central telescopic support rod; 2---Outer protective sleeve; 3---Main support frame; 4---Secondary support frame; 5---Frame hinge seat; 6---Hinge joint; 7---Impact layer; 8---Buffer isolation layer; 9---Cylindrical helical spring; 10---Propeller rod; 11---Force transmission sleeve; 12---Lower pressure bearing base; 13---Hydraulic sensing medium; 14---Hydraulic gauge; 15---Hydraulic display screen; 16---Repeater; 17---Audio-visual alarm; 18---External grouting input port; 19---Deep grouting output channel; 20---Surrounding rock of the tunnel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described examples are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "middle," "lower," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms “installation,” “connection,” and “linkage” should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated umbrella-shaped protection and grouting device based on stress sensing of roadway surrounding rock mainly includes an elastic support device, a multi-level linkage umbrella rib device, a high-strength flexible protective umbrella surface device, a dynamic pressure sensing and release device, an early warning device, and a stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device.

[0036] The elastic support device includes a central telescopic support rod 1 and an outer protective sleeve 2. The central telescopic support rod 1 is composed of multiple brackets connected by screws, and is used for the deployment and load-bearing of the device. The upper section is equipped with a cylindrical helical spring 9, the middle section is embedded with a push rod 10, and the lower section is used to protect the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor. The outer protective sleeve 2 is composed of a hollow cylindrical shell, which is used to protect the central telescopic support rod 1 and can sense the deformation of the surrounding rock 20, thereby enhancing the overall stability.

[0037] The multi-stage linkage umbrella frame device includes a main support frame 3, a secondary support frame 4 and a frame hinge seat 5; the frame hinge seat 5 is fixed to the upper end of the central telescopic support rod 1, one end of the secondary support frame 4 is connected to the frame hinge seat 5 and the connection is detachable, and the other end is connected to the main support frame 3 through a hinge joint 6 to unfold the umbrella-shaped support frame.

[0038] The high-strength flexible protective umbrella device includes an impact-bearing layer 7 and a buffer isolation layer 8. The impact-bearing layer 7 is a high-strength composite fiber fabric that covers the entire main support frame 3 and is used to directly withstand the impact of fractured rock fragments. The buffer isolation layer 8 is attached to the underside of the secondary support frame 4 and is made of elastic material to absorb impact energy.

[0039] The dynamic pressure sensing and release device includes a liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, a cylindrical helical spring 9, and a push rod 10. The liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor consists of a force transmission sleeve 11, a lower pressure-bearing base 12, a hydraulic sensing medium 13, a hydraulic gauge 14, and a hydraulic display screen 15. It is used to sense and record the dynamic changes of surrounding rock stress 20 and hydraulic pressure. The force transmission sleeve 11 is used to sense and transmit surrounding rock stress 20 in real time. The lower end of the push rod 10 is connected to the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor by a snap fastener. At the same time, the push rod and the cylindrical helical spring 9 can also be connected by a snap fastener. When the surrounding pressure exceeds the second preset value, the snap fastener pops out, the push rod 10 is released immediately, and the cylindrical helical spring 9 accelerates out to realize the overall unfolding of the umbrella-shaped structure.

[0040] The early warning device includes a repeater 16 and an audible and visual alarm 17. When the hydraulic gauge monitoring program in the microcomputer detects that the pressure exceeds the first preset value, it transmits the alarm signal to the staff through the repeater 16 and activates the audible and visual alarm.

[0041] The stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device includes an external grouting input port 18 and a deep grouting output channel 19. The external grouting input port 18 is located on the side wall of the outer sleeve 2, and the deep grouting output channel 19 is an opening in the outer sleeve 2 located inside the central telescopic support rod 1 to form a through flow channel.

[0042] like Figure 2As shown, the integrated umbrella-shaped protection and grouting device based on stress sensing of roadway surrounding rock mainly includes an elastic support device, a multi-level linkage umbrella rib device, a high-strength flexible protective umbrella surface device, a dynamic pressure sensing and release device, an early warning device, and a stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device.

[0043] The elastic support device includes a central telescopic support rod 1 and an outer protective sleeve 2. The central telescopic support rod 1 is composed of multiple brackets connected by screws, and is used for the deployment and load-bearing of the device. The upper section is equipped with a cylindrical helical spring 9, the middle section is embedded with a push rod 10, and the lower section is used to protect the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor. The outer protective sleeve 2 is composed of a hollow cylindrical shell, which is used to protect the central telescopic support rod 1 and can sense the deformation of the surrounding rock 20, thereby enhancing the overall stability.

[0044] The multi-stage linkage umbrella frame device includes a main support frame 3, a secondary support frame 4 and a frame hinge seat 5; the frame hinge seat 5 is fixed to the upper end of the central telescopic support rod 1, one end of the secondary support frame 4 is connected to the frame hinge seat 5 and the connection is detachable, and the other end is connected to the main support frame 3 through a hinge joint 6 to unfold the umbrella-shaped support frame.

[0045] The high-strength flexible protective umbrella device includes an impact-bearing layer 7 and a buffer isolation layer 8. The impact-bearing layer 7 is a high-strength composite fiber fabric that covers the entire main support frame 3 and is used to directly withstand the impact of fractured rock fragments. The buffer isolation layer 8 is attached to the underside of the secondary support frame 4 and is made of elastic material to absorb impact energy.

[0046] The dynamic pressure sensing and release device includes a liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, a cylindrical helical spring 9, and a push rod 10. The liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor consists of a force transmission sleeve 11, a lower pressure-bearing base 12, a hydraulic sensing medium 13, a hydraulic gauge 14, and a hydraulic display screen 15. It is used to sense and record the dynamic changes of surrounding rock stress 20 and hydraulic pressure. The force transmission sleeve 11 is used to sense and transmit surrounding rock stress 20 in real time. The lower end of the push rod 10 is connected to the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor by a snap fastener. At the same time, the push rod and the cylindrical helical spring 9 can also be connected by a snap fastener. When the surrounding pressure exceeds the second preset value, the snap fastener pops out, the push rod 10 is released immediately, and the cylindrical helical spring 9 accelerates out to realize the overall unfolding of the umbrella-shaped structure.

[0047] The early warning device includes a repeater 16 and an audible and visual alarm 17. When the hydraulic gauge monitoring program in the microcomputer detects that the pressure exceeds the first preset value, it transmits the alarm signal to the staff through the repeater 16 and activates the audible and visual alarm.

[0048] The stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device includes an external grouting input port 18 and a deep grouting output channel 19. The external grouting input port 18 is located on the side wall of the outer sleeve 2, and the deep grouting output channel 19 is an opening in the outer sleeve 2 located inside the central telescopic support rod 1 to form a through flow channel.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device hinges the secondary support frame 4 to the middle part of the main support frame 3 via a hinge joint 6. The frame hinge seat 5 is movably embedded in the upper end of the central telescopic support rod 1. The secondary support frame 4 is connected to the frame hinge seat 5, and the connection is detachable for the overall deployment of the device.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor has a force transmission sleeve 11 located at the bottom of the device, a hydraulic sensing medium 13 located inside the lower pressure base 12, a hydraulic gauge 14 installed on the upper end of the hydraulic sensing medium 13, and a hydraulic display screen 15 installed at the lower end of the audible and visual alarm 17, which is used to reflect the changes in stress and hydraulic pressure of the surrounding rock 20 in real time.

[0051] An implementation method for an integrated grouting and self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection device based on stress-sensing of surrounding rock in roadways, when installed in underground roadways, mainly includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Support point selection: Based on the roadway stress environment and roof stability, select appropriate potential protection points through mechanical analysis and numerical simulation.

[0053] S2. Installation of the integrated grouting and self-adjusting umbrella-shaped protection device based on roadway surrounding rock stress sensing: The central telescopic support rod, outer sleeve, main support frame, secondary support frame, frame hinge seat, impact-bearing layer, buffer isolation layer, liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, cylindrical helical spring, push rod, repeater, audible and visual alarm, external grouting input port, and deep grouting output channel are installed according to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Install as shown.

[0054] S3. Install the support: At the support point, push the assembled device to the preset depth of the borehole or fracture, adjust the direction of the central telescopic support rod so that the high-strength flexible protective umbrella device covers the rock surface of the borehole, and then inject quick-setting grout into the gap between the outer sleeve and the borehole wall to fix the entire device.

[0055] S4. Recovery of multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device and grouting support: When the surrounding rock stress at the support point is released or the device reaches its limit, disassemble and recover the multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device, and then connect the external grouting pumping equipment to perform grouting support into the surrounding rock through the grouting channel.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection-grouting integrated device and method based on stress-sensing of surrounding rock in roadways, characterized in that, The device mainly includes an elastic support device, a multi-level linkage umbrella rib device, a high-strength flexible protective umbrella surface device, a dynamic pressure sensing and release device, an early warning device, and a stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device. The elastic support device includes a central telescopic support rod and an outer protective sleeve. The central telescopic support rod is composed of multiple brackets connected by screws, and is used for the deployment and load-bearing of the device. A cylindrical helical spring is installed in the upper section, a push rod is embedded in the middle section, and the lower section is used to protect the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor. The outer protective sleeve is composed of a hollow cylindrical shell, which is used to protect the central telescopic support rod and can sense the deformation of the surrounding rock, thereby enhancing the overall stability. The multi-stage linkage umbrella frame device includes a main support frame, a secondary support frame, and a frame hinge seat; the frame hinge seat is fixed to the upper end of the central telescopic support rod, one end of the secondary support frame is connected to the frame hinge seat and the connection is detachable, and the other end is connected to the main support frame through a hinge joint to unfold the umbrella-shaped support frame. The high-strength flexible protective umbrella device includes an impact-bearing layer and a buffer isolation layer; the impact-bearing layer is a high-strength composite fiber fabric that covers the entire main support frame and is used to directly withstand the impact of fractured rock fragments; the buffer isolation layer is attached to the underside of the secondary support frame and is made of elastic material to absorb impact energy. The dynamic pressure sensing and release device includes a liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, a cylindrical helical spring, and a push rod. The liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor consists of a force transmission sleeve, a lower pressure-bearing base, a hydraulic sensing medium, a hydraulic gauge, and a hydraulic display screen. It is used to sense and record the dynamic changes of surrounding rock stress and hydraulic pressure. The force transmission sleeve is used to sense and transmit surrounding rock stress in real time. The lower end of the push rod is connected to the liquid pressure sensor by a snap fastener. At the same time, the push rod can also be connected to the cylindrical helical spring by a snap fastener. When the confining pressure exceeds a second preset value, the snap fastener pops out, the push rod is released immediately, and the cylindrical helical spring accelerates out to realize the overall unfolding of the umbrella-shaped structure. The early warning device includes a repeater and an audible and visual alarm. When the hydraulic gauge monitoring program in the microcomputer detects that the pressure exceeds a first preset value, it transmits an alarm signal to the staff through the repeater and activates the audible and visual alarm. The stress-coordinated grouting reinforcement device includes an external grouting input port and a deep grouting output channel. The external grouting input port is located on the side wall of the outer sleeve as a grouting channel. The deep grouting output channel is an opening in the outer sleeve from the inside of the central telescopic support rod to form a through flow channel.

2. The integrated grouting and self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection device based on stress-sensing of surrounding rock in roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset value is the warning value for abnormal surrounding rock stress. When the pressure value detected by the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor reaches or exceeds the warning value, but does not reach the second preset value, the warning device is activated to issue a warning.

3. The integrated grouting and self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection device based on stress-sensing of surrounding rock in roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second preset value is the support trigger threshold, which is greater than the first preset value. When the pressure value detected by the liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor reaches or exceeds the second preset value, the latch is triggered to release the push rod, so as to realize the instantaneous full deployment of the umbrella structure.

4. The integrated device for stress-sensing self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting in roadway surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repeater is used to enhance the signal and extend the network coverage, ensuring that the confined pressure monitoring signal is transmitted in real time, thereby activating the audible and visual alarm as soon as possible and transmitting the alarm signal to the staff.

5. The integrated device for stress-sensing self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection and grouting in roadway surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple sections of the central telescopic support rod are connected by snap-fit ​​joints, which enhances the overall buffering performance under the impact of fractured rock.

6. The implementation method of the integrated grouting and self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection device based on stress-sensing of surrounding rock in roadways according to claim 1, when protecting underground roadways, mainly includes the following steps: S1. Support point selection: Based on the roadway stress environment and roof stability, select appropriate potential protection points through mechanical analysis and numerical simulation. S2. Installation of the self-elastic umbrella-shaped protection-grouting integrated device based on roadway surrounding rock stress sensing: Install the central telescopic support rod, outer sleeve, main support frame, secondary support frame, frame hinge seat, impact layer, buffer isolation layer, liquid-surrounding rock pressure sensor, cylindrical helical spring, push rod, repeater, audible and visual alarm, external grouting input port, and deep grouting output channel as shown in Figures 1 and 2. S3. Install the support: At the support point, push the assembled device to the preset depth of the borehole or fracture, adjust the direction of the central telescopic support rod so that the high-strength flexible protective umbrella device covers the rock surface of the borehole, and then inject quick-setting grout into the gap between the outer sleeve and the borehole wall to fix the entire device. S4. Recovery of multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device and grouting support: When the surrounding rock stress at the support point is released or the device reaches its limit, disassemble and recover the multi-stage linkage umbrella rib device, and then connect the external grouting pumping equipment to perform grouting support into the surrounding rock through the grouting channel.

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