Integrated waste treatment system with optimized incineration and waste heat recovery

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of integrated optimization incineration and waste heat reuse garbage disposal system, belongs to the field of heating blanket, including incineration unit, steam generation loop, reconfigurable waste heat reuse network, online sensing unit and control unit;The reconfigurable waste heat reuse network has at least three waste heat source ports and at least three heat using ports, and is provided with valve array and multiple branch heat exchange channels, wherein the waste heat source port at least includes boiler tail flue gas waste heat port, flue gas waste heat port before flue gas purification device and slag sensible heat port;By the switchable reconfiguration of the communication relationship of waste heat source port and heat using port, and outputting optimal topology and continuous control set value under the constraint of allowing domain, waste heat reuse is changed from fixed allocation to self-adaptive scheduling, so as to improve waste heat recovery efficiency and reduce energy loss caused by invalid bypass under the condition of garbage heat value fluctuation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heated blanket technology, and more specifically, to an integrated optimized waste treatment system for incineration and waste heat recovery. Background Technology

[0002] Existing waste incineration treatment typically uses grate furnaces paired with waste heat boilers to produce steam and purify flue gas. To improve energy utilization, waste heat recovery devices are often installed at the tail end of the boiler or before and after purification, and the feedwater is preheated or the heat is reused through valve bypass regulation.

[0003] However, the calorific value and moisture content of the waste entering the furnace fluctuate significantly, and the combustion conditions and steam parameters are prone to fluctuate in tandem. Meanwhile, changes in components such as chlorine, sulfur, and alkali metals in the flue gas can cause acid dew point migration and deposit scaling risks, leading to efficiency reduction or even corrosion of the heating surface and heat exchange branch, thereby further amplifying steam fluctuations and weakening the waste heat recovery effect.

[0004] Existing technologies mostly adopt decentralized local parameter adjustment or fixed topology waste heat distribution methods. They lack a collaborative optimization mechanism that takes the "connection relationship between waste heat source port and heat consumption port" as an adjustable object and incorporates the quantification of deposition risk into online decision constraints under emission limits and equipment boundary constraints. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure both stable steam quality and waste heat recovery efficiency under scenarios of fluctuating operating conditions and rising deposition risk.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, we propose an integrated and optimized waste treatment system for incineration and waste heat recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated and optimized waste treatment system for incineration and waste heat recovery includes an incineration unit, a steam generation circuit, a reconfigurable waste heat recovery network, an online sensing unit, and a control unit. The reconfigurable waste heat recovery network has at least three waste heat source ports and at least three heat use ports, and is equipped with a valve array and multiple branch heat exchange channels. The waste heat source ports include at least a boiler tail flue gas waste heat port, a flue gas waste heat port located before the flue gas purification device, and a slag sensible heat port. The heat use ports include at least a feedwater preheating port, a heat pump drive port, and a heat storage charging port. The opening and closing combinations of the valve array form a switchable connectivity between the waste heat source port and the heat consumption port. The connectivity is binary-identified by a connectivity state table, which forms candidate topologies accordingly. The online sensing unit is used to collect furnace temperature and oxygen content, key components of flue gas, wall temperature or pressure drop trends of heated surfaces, and steam pressure, temperature, or enthalpy-related quantities. The control unit calculates the exergy gain and irreversible loss for each candidate topology and constructs an objective function, which includes a steam quality fluctuation penalty. The control unit constructs a deposition risk index and forms an allowable domain together with the deposition risk index, emission limits, and equipment boundaries. It performs containment filtering on candidate topologies and continuous control quantities and outputs the optimal topology and control setpoints that satisfy the allowable domain. The control setpoints include at least two of the following: zoned air distribution or material pushing rhythm, waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and thermal storage charging and discharging power. The steam generation circuit includes a heating surface and a critical heating surface. The waste heat recovery network includes a sacrificial deposition branch, whose heat exchange components are replaceable or regenerable. When the deposition risk index meets the preset risk conditions, the control unit guides the high deposition risk heat flow to the sacrificial deposition branch to maintain the efficiency stability of the critical heating surface. The system also includes a thermal shaping unit for absorbing or releasing heat to reduce steam quality fluctuations; The control unit writes back and updates the candidate topology screening threshold, deposition risk threshold and continuous allocation parameters based on the deviation between prediction and actual measurement, so as to realize the collaborative closed-loop optimization of incineration and waste heat recovery. Furthermore, the deposition risk index constructed by the control unit is determined by at least the flue gas acid component indicator, alkali metal migration indicator, flue gas dew point margin, heated surface wall temperature gradient, and heated surface pressure drop growth rate, and the deposition risk default degree is calculated for candidate topologies based on the deposition risk index. The waste heat source port is provided with a waste heat port for flue gas located before the flue gas purification device, serving as a waste heat port for flue gas before purification. When the deposition risk default exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit switches the valve array under the premise of satisfying the allowable domain constraint, so that the waste heat port of the flue gas before purification is connected with the sacrificial deposition branch and bypass isolation is implemented on the branch corresponding to the key heated surface, and at the same time, the regeneration cycle of the sacrificial deposition branch is started. The regeneration cycle includes identifying waste heat source ports with temperatures higher than a preset temperature threshold as high-temperature waste heat source ports, and introducing the heat flow of the high-temperature waste heat source ports into the sacrificial deposition branch within a preset time to cause the deposits to undergo thermal decomposition or desorption and be discharged through the flue gas channel of the incineration unit, so as to restore the effective heat exchange capacity of the sacrificial deposition branch and suppress the deposition growth of the key heating surface under the condition of no furnace shutdown.

[0007] Furthermore, the control unit is configured to perform feasibility determination and hierarchical optimization for each candidate topology, specifically: Based on the data collected by the online sensing unit and the allowed domain, a feasible range of continuous control quantities is first generated for the candidate topology. If the feasible range of continuous control quantities is empty, the candidate topology is eliminated. For candidate topologies that have not been eliminated, a comprehensive default score is calculated. The comprehensive default score is composed of at least the emission limit default score, the upper limit of the heated surface wall temperature default score, the purification inlet temperature window default score, and the deposition risk index default score. The optimal topology is determined by a hierarchical selection rule, which prioritizes the candidate topology with the lowest comprehensive default degree and selects the candidate topology with the optimal objective function when the comprehensive default degree is the same or lower than a preset threshold. After determining the optimal topology, the zoned air distribution or feeding rhythm, the waste heat branch allocation or valve array opening, and the heat storage charging and releasing power are jointly solved. The joint solution results are then clipped to the allowable domain through containment filtering to output the control setpoint, so that the incineration process and the waste heat recovery process can achieve coordinated closed-loop optimization under the same objective function and the same allowable domain constraints.

[0008] Furthermore, the control unit includes a topology library and an event-triggered switch; the topology library stores multiple candidate topologies represented by a connectivity state table and their historical operation evaluation results; When any of the following triggering conditions are met: exergy gain decreases, steam quality fluctuation penalty increases, or deposition risk index reaches a preset risk condition, the event-triggered switcher generates a limited number of candidate topologies based on the current operating topology through single-step connectivity reconstruction. The single-step connectivity reconstruction includes at least one of the following: switching the connectivity between the waste heat source port and the heat use port, enabling or disabling the sacrificial deposition branch, or switching to the standby heat exchange branch. The control unit first determines whether a candidate topology has a feasible range of continuous control quantities under the allowable domain constraint. If it does not exist, it is eliminated. If it does exist, the comprehensive default degree is calculated and hierarchical optimization is performed. Hierarchical optimization prioritizes the candidate topology with the smallest comprehensive default degree and selects the candidate topology with the optimal objective function when the comprehensive default degree is the same or lower than the preset threshold. The control unit sets a minimum dwell time and hysteresis threshold for topology switching, so that switching only occurs when the allowable domain is still met after being filtered by the containment and the objective function improvement exceeds the preset improvement threshold. The objective function improvement magnitude and the overall default degree are used as the write-back amount to update the candidate topology priority and screening threshold of the topology library.

[0009] Furthermore, the control unit employs a two-stage correction mechanism when performing containment filtering on the continuous control setpoint; The first level is the amplitude and rate limit correction with priority to hard constraints. Hard constraints include at least the furnace temperature window, excess oxygen window, upper limit of critical heating surface wall temperature, flue gas purification inlet temperature window, emission limit and deposition risk index threshold. The second stage is projection correction. Based on the output of the first stage, the correction amount is obtained by jointly solving at least two of the following: the set value change is minimized and the objective function improvement is maximized. This is done based on the principle of minimizing the change in set value and maximizing the improvement in objective function. The correction amount is obtained by combining the solutions of at least two of the following: the zone air distribution or material pushing rhythm, the waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and the heat storage charging and discharging power. This ensures that the corrected continuous control set value is within the allowable range and meets the preset minimum residence time and preset hysteresis threshold. When no feasible correction amount exists within the allowed domain, the control unit outputs a preset conservative setting value and freezes the topology switch until a feasible range appears.

[0010] Furthermore, the control unit constructs a steam quality fluctuation index and uses this index to drive the charging and discharging scheduling of the thermal storage shaping unit. The steam quality fluctuation index is obtained by normalizing and weighting at least two of the following: steam pressure deviation, steam temperature deviation, and enthalpy-related quantity deviation determined by steam pressure and steam temperature within a preset sliding time window. When the steam quality fluctuation index exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit increases the heat release power of the thermal storage shaping unit and reduces the change amplitude of the waste heat branch distribution in the same direction as the steam quality fluctuation, so that the steam pressure and steam temperature return to the target range. When the steam quality fluctuation index is less than the preset threshold and the objective function improvement meets the preset conditions, the control unit increases the charging power of the thermal storage shaping unit to restore the thermal storage margin. The charging and discharging power of the thermal storage shaping unit is limited by the allowable range and by a preset rate limit to avoid introducing new steam quality fluctuations through charging and discharging.

[0011] Furthermore, the control unit sets write-back adaptive rules and updates the screening threshold, deposition risk threshold, and priority of the topology library based on the amount of running evidence. The operational evidence includes at least two of the following: the improvement of the objective function, the overall default rate, the decrease in the steam quality fluctuation index, and the trend of the deposition risk index. The write-back adaptive rules include tightening the candidate topology generation range and increasing the topology switching improvement threshold when the improvement of the objective function is lower than the preset lower limit and the comprehensive default degree is not greater than the preset upper limit; widening the candidate topology generation range and reducing the topology switching improvement threshold when the comprehensive default degree exceeds the preset upper limit or the deposition risk index shows a continuous upward trend; and increasing the priority of candidate topologies that generate positive evidence and decreasing the priority of candidate topologies that generate negative evidence. The control unit sets the maximum update step size and minimum dwell time for the above update process, so that the screening threshold, deposition risk threshold and topology priority gradually converge with the change of operating conditions and do not trigger the violation of the allowed domain.

[0012] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By enabling switchable reconstruction of the connection between the waste heat source port and the heat consumption port, and outputting the optimal topology and continuous control setpoints under the constraints of the allowable domain, the waste heat recovery is transformed from fixed allocation to adaptive scheduling, thereby improving the waste heat recovery efficiency and reducing the energy loss caused by ineffective bypasses under the condition of fluctuating waste calorific value. By constructing a deposition risk index and using it as an online decision constraint, and guiding high-risk heat flow into the sacrificial deposition branch when the deposition risk increases, and supporting regeneration or replacement without shutting down the furnace, the growth of deposition and scaling on key heating surfaces is suppressed and the heat exchange efficiency is maintained in the long term. By introducing a steam quality fluctuation index to drive the charging and discharging heat scheduling of the thermal storage shaping unit, and linking it with topology reconstruction and containment correction, the fluctuations in steam pressure and steam temperature are effectively reduced, thereby improving the stability of steam output and reducing the control shock and compliance risks caused by frequent adjustments. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized control flow of the control unit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example: The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-2 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0017] This invention provides a technical solution: an integrated and optimized waste treatment system for incineration and waste heat recovery, comprising an incineration unit, a steam generation circuit, a reconfigurable waste heat recovery network, an online sensing unit, and a control unit; The reconfigurable waste heat recovery network has at least three waste heat source ports and at least three heat consumption ports, and is equipped with a valve array and multiple branch heat exchange channels. The waste heat source ports include at least a boiler tail flue gas waste heat port, a flue gas waste heat port located before the flue gas purification device, and a slag sensible heat port. The heat consumption ports include at least a feedwater preheating port, a heat pump drive port, and a heat storage charging port. The opening and closing combinations of the valve array form a switchable connectivity between the waste heat source port and the heat consumption port. The connectivity is binary-identified by the connectivity state table, which forms candidate topologies accordingly. The online sensing unit is used to collect furnace temperature and oxygen content, key components of flue gas, wall temperature or pressure drop trends of heated surfaces, and steam pressure, temperature or enthalpy-related quantities. The control unit calculates the exergy gain and irreversible loss for each candidate topology and constructs an objective function, which includes a steam quality fluctuation penalty. The control unit constructs a deposition risk index and forms an allowable domain together with the deposition risk index, emission limits, and equipment boundaries. It performs containment filtering on candidate topologies and continuous control variables and outputs the optimal topology and control setpoints that satisfy the allowable domain. The control setpoints include at least two of the following: zoned air distribution or material pushing rhythm, waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and thermal storage charging and discharging power. The steam generation circuit includes a heating surface and a critical heating surface. The waste heat recovery network includes a sacrificial deposition branch. Its heat exchange components are replaceable or regenerable. When the deposition risk index meets the preset risk conditions, the control unit guides the high deposition risk heat flow to the sacrificial deposition branch to maintain the efficiency stability of the critical heating surface. The system also includes a thermal shaping unit for absorbing or releasing heat to reduce steam quality fluctuations; The control unit writes back and updates the candidate topology screening threshold, deposition risk threshold and continuous allocation parameters based on the deviation between prediction and actual measurement, so as to realize the collaborative closed-loop optimization of incineration and waste heat recovery. In this embodiment, the valve array switching is executed using a preset switching sequence and interlocking conditions to avoid thermal shock and differential pressure shock. The switching sequence is to first establish a low-flow pre-channel for the target branch and then gradually withdraw from the original branch. Specifically, after the control unit issues the topology switching command, it first opens the bypass valve or pre-channel valve corresponding to the target topology to 10% to 20% and maintains it for 2 to 10 seconds to allow the target branch to form stable flow and temperature transition. Then, it gradually closes the valves of the branch corresponding to the original topology to 0% to 10% at an opening change rate not exceeding 10% per minute. The target branch valves are gradually opened to the calculated target opening degree using the same speed limit rule. When the differential pressure growth rate before and after the key heating front exceeds the preset threshold or the steam pressure fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit stops the topology switching and maintains the conservative setting value of the current topology until the differential pressure growth rate and steam pressure fluctuation return to the allowable range. The topology switching process is set with a maximum switching time, ranging from 30s to 120s. If the switching is not completed after the maximum switching time, a rollback strategy is executed and the system is restored to the stable valve position combination of the topology before the switching.

[0018] The objective function is calculated using a reproducible data acquisition and calculation process. The control unit calculates the steam quality fluctuation penalty with a calculation step size of 10 seconds and a sliding time window of 120 seconds. Within each calculation step, the steam pressure, steam temperature, and steam flow rate at the steam output port are first acquired, as are the feedwater pressure, feedwater temperature, and feedwater flow rate at the feedwater channel. Then, the enthalpy and entropy correlation quantities of steam and feedwater are obtained through the steam meter or equivalent state equation. Based on the ambient reference temperature of 298K, the specific exergy of steam and feedwater is obtained and multiplied by the corresponding mass flow rate to obtain the exergy flow. The steam-side exergy gain is calculated by subtracting the feedwater exergy flow from the steam exergy flow. Irreversible losses are characterized by the sum of the effective energy losses estimated by the end temperature difference of each heat exchange branch and the flue gas outlet temperature and flow rate. A pressure drop and power consumption reduction term is added to the sacrificial deposition branch. Steam quality... The fluctuation penalty is characterized by the weighted sum of the standard deviations of steam pressure, steam temperature, and enthalpy-related quantities within the sliding time window, and is used as the penalty term in the objective function. For ease of reproduction, this embodiment provides a set of calculation examples. Within a certain calculation step, the steam pressure is 4.0 MPa, the steam temperature is 400℃, the steam flow rate is 22 t / h, the feedwater temperature is 150℃, and the feedwater flow rate is 22 t / h. The calculated steam-side exergy gain is in the range of 3.0 MW to 4.5 MW, the irreversible loss is in the range of 0.8 MW to 1.6 MW, and the steam quality fluctuation penalty is in the dimensionless range of 0.02 to 0.06 in the stable segment and rises to the dimensionless range of 0.10 to 0.18 in the segment with a sudden drop in waste calorific value. The control unit uses this to complete the objective function comparison of different candidate topologies.

[0019] The deposition risk index is constructed using a normalized weighted method with feasible normalization boundaries. The index is obtained by weighting four normalized components: acidic component indicator, dew point margin, wall temperature gradient, and pressure drop rate. An alkali metal migration indicator can be added as a correction term. Normalization is performed by subtracting the lower limit from the current value and then dividing by the upper limit minus the lower limit. The lower limit for the acidic component indicator is 0 mg / m³, and the upper limit is 200 mg / m³. The lower limit for the dew point margin is 0°C, and the upper limit is 40°C. The lower limit for the wall temperature gradient is 0°C / m³, and the upper limit is 30°C / m³. The lower limit for the pressure drop rate is... The maximum pressure drop rate is 0 Pa / min, and the maximum pressure drop rate is 50 Pa / min. The lower limit of the alkali metal migration indicator is 0, and the upper limit is 1. The initial weights are 0.30 for acidic component indicator, 0.30 for dew point margin, 0.20 for wall temperature gradient, and 0.20 for pressure drop rate. The alkali metal migration indicator is used as a correction increment from 0 to 0.10 and is limited by the write-back update step size. The deposition risk index threshold is 1.0. When the deposition risk index reaches 0.9 and shows a continuous upward trend or the pressure drop rate exceeds 20 Pa / min, it is determined to enter the warning state and trigger the priority selection of candidate topologies containing sacrificial deposition branches.

[0020] The selection of candidate topologies and the generation of continuous control quantities follow a feasible-first-optimal order to ensure implementability. For each candidate topology, the control unit first generates a set of initial continuous control quantities according to the amplitude and speed limiting rules and performs allowable domain verification. The allowable domain verification includes the furnace temperature window, oxygen content window, upper limit of critical heating surface wall temperature, purification inlet temperature window, emission limit, and deposition risk index threshold. If any candidate topology violates the initial continuous control quantities, the control unit performs joint fine-tuning on at least two continuous control quantities within the candidate topology to find feasible continuous control quantities within the allowable domain. The joint fine-tuning prioritizes the minimum change in setpoint and simultaneously constrains the valve array opening change rate and the thermal storage power change rate. If a feasible continuous control quantity within the allowable domain cannot be obtained after joint fine-tuning, the candidate topology is eliminated. For the candidate topologies that are not eliminated, the objective function is calculated, and the candidate topology with the optimal objective function is selected as the current operating topology. At the same time, the corresponding continuous control setpoint is output and sent to the actuator.

[0021] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the deposition risk index constructed by the control unit is determined by at least the flue gas acid component indicator, alkali metal migration indicator, flue gas dew point margin, heated surface wall temperature gradient, and heated surface pressure drop growth rate, and the deposition risk default degree is calculated for candidate topologies based on the deposition risk index. A waste heat port for flue gas is set in the waste heat source port, which is located before the flue gas purification device, and serves as the waste heat port for flue gas before purification. When the deposition risk default exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit switches the valve array under the premise of meeting the allowable domain constraints, so that the waste heat port of the flue gas before purification is connected with the sacrificial deposition branch and the corresponding branch of the key heated surface is bypassed and isolated, and the regeneration cycle of the sacrificial deposition branch is started. The regeneration cycle includes identifying the waste heat source port with a temperature higher than a preset temperature threshold as a high-temperature waste heat source port, and introducing the heat flow of the high-temperature waste heat source port into the sacrificial deposition branch within a preset time to cause the deposits to undergo thermal decomposition or desorption and be discharged through the flue gas channel of the incineration unit, so as to restore the effective heat exchange capacity of the sacrificial deposition branch and suppress the deposition growth on the key heating surface under the condition of no furnace shutdown. The control unit is configured to perform feasibility assessment and hierarchical optimization for each candidate topology, specifically: Based on the data collected by the online sensing unit and the allowed domain, a feasible range of continuous control quantities is first generated for the candidate topology. If the feasible range of continuous control quantities is empty, the candidate topology is eliminated. For candidate topologies that have not been eliminated, calculate the overall default score. The overall default score is composed of at least the default score of emission limits, the default score of upper limit of heated surface wall temperature, the default score of purification inlet temperature window, and the default score of deposition risk index. The optimal topology is determined by a hierarchical selection rule, which prioritizes the candidate topology with the lowest comprehensive default degree and selects the candidate topology with the optimal objective function when the comprehensive default degree is the same or lower than a preset threshold. After determining the optimal topology, the zoned air distribution or feeding rhythm, waste heat branch allocation or valve array opening, and heat storage charging and discharging power are jointly solved. The joint solution results are then clipped to the allowable domain through containment filtering to output the control setpoint, so that the incineration process and the waste heat recovery process can achieve coordinated closed-loop optimization under the same objective function and the same allowable domain constraints.

[0022] In this embodiment: based on the aforementioned system structure and control framework, the construction and default determination of the deposition risk index, the linkage and regeneration cycle of the sacrificial deposition branch, and the feasibility determination and hierarchical optimization process of the candidate topology are explained; the flue gas waste heat port located before the flue gas purification device is used as the flue gas waste heat port before purification, and the control unit sets the connection relationship between this port and the sacrificial deposition branch as a switchable object so that when the deposition risk increases, it can preferentially accept the high deposition risk heat flow and reduce the deposition growth on the key heated surface.

[0023] The deposition risk index is jointly determined by the acid component indicator, alkali metal migration indicator, flue gas dew point margin, wall temperature gradient of the heated surface, and pressure drop growth rate of the heated surface. The acid component indicator is obtained by online analysis of hydrogen chloride or sulfur dioxide in the flue gas before purification. The dew point margin is obtained by subtracting the acid dew point temperature estimated based on the water content and acid components in the flue gas from the flue gas temperature before purification. The wall temperature gradient is obtained by dividing the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet walls of the key heated surface by the distance between the measuring points. The pressure drop growth rate is obtained by the difference in pressure difference before and after the key heated surface within the sliding time window. The alkali metal migration indicator is obtained by periodic sampling of fly ash. The sampling period is from 2 hours to 24 hours. The mass fractions of potassium and sodium in fly ash samples are obtained by ion chromatography or X-ray fluorescence analysis. The alkali metal migration indicator is the normalized value of the sum of the mass fractions of potassium and sodium and the upper limit of historical statistics, and remains unchanged in adjacent sampling periods as a near real-time input. The above components are normalized and weighted to obtain the deposition risk index. The positive part of the deposition risk index minus the preset threshold is used as the deposition risk violation degree, so as to uniformly determine the over-limit judgment and trigger the action. When the deposition risk violation degree is greater than zero and has not disappeared for several consecutive refresh cycles, the deposition risk is determined to be in an over-limit state.

[0024] When the deposition risk default exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit switches the valve array under the allowable domain constraint, establishing a connection between the pre-purification flue gas waste heat port and the sacrificial deposition branch, and implementing bypass isolation for the branch corresponding to the critical heating surface. The bypass isolation adopts the sequence of first establishing a low-flow pre-channel for the target branch and then gradually withdrawing from the original branch. First, the inlet valve of the sacrificial deposition branch is opened to 10% to 20% and held for 2 to 10 seconds. Then, the heat load distribution of the branch corresponding to the critical heating surface is gradually reduced according to the rate-limiting rule, while the valve position of the sacrificial deposition branch is gradually increased to the target opening, so that the high deposition risk heat flow is gradually transferred to the sacrificial deposition branch. During the switching process, the control unit simultaneously limits the valve array opening change rate and the waste heat branch distribution change range to avoid triggering the purification inlet temperature window and steam quality constraints.

[0025] The regeneration cycle of the sacrificial deposition branch is performed under the condition of furnace shutdown. The control unit identifies the waste heat source port with a temperature higher than the preset temperature threshold as the high-temperature waste heat source port, and introduces the heat flow of the high-temperature waste heat source port into the sacrificial deposition branch within a preset time, so that the deposits in the sacrificial deposition branch undergo thermal decomposition or desorption and are discharged through the flue gas channel of the incineration unit. The preset temperature threshold is 350℃ to 450℃, and the preset time is 5min to 30min. The end criterion for the regeneration cycle is that the deposition risk index drops below the threshold or the pressure drop growth rate of the sacrificial deposition branch changes from positive to close to zero and remains at the preset time. After the end, the control unit will reduce the valve position of the sacrificial deposition branch to the operating opening or exit opening according to the speed limit rule, and decide whether to maintain the connection of the sacrificial deposition branch based on the current candidate topology optimization results. During the execution of the regeneration cycle, the purification inlet temperature window is used as a hard constraint. When the purification inlet temperature reaches 90% of the upper limit threshold, the control unit reduces the heat flow introduced into the high-temperature waste heat source port or shortens the regeneration duration and switches to a conservative setting value to ensure that the regeneration process does not trigger the violation of the allowable domain.

[0026] The control unit performs feasibility assessment and hierarchical optimization for each candidate topology. Feasibility assessment follows a sequence of first determining feasibility and then optimization. First, it generates a feasible range of continuous control variables for the candidate topology and determines whether this range is empty. Continuous control variables include at least two of the following: zoned air distribution or material feeding rhythm, waste heat branch allocation or valve array opening, and thermal storage charging / discharging power. The feasible range is generated using a discrete sampling method, i.e., within the allowable range of each continuous control variable, it samples at a preset step size to form candidate setpoint combinations and performs allowable domain calibration. The feasibility range is determined by the following steps: those that pass the verification are considered feasible, and those that fail are eliminated. The sampling step size for the zone air distribution ratio is 2% to 5%, the sampling step size for the grate propulsion cycle is 5s to 10s, the sampling step size for the valve array opening is 5%, and the sampling step size for the thermal storage charging and discharging power is 5% to 10% of the rated power. The number of sampling combinations used for feasibility determination in each refresh cycle shall not be less than 200, and at least 500 shall be preferred. If the feasible range is empty, the candidate topology shall be directly eliminated. If the feasible range is not empty, the comprehensive failure rate and objective function shall be calculated for the candidate topology.

[0027] The overall default degree is composed of at least the default degree of emission limits, the default degree of the upper limit of critical heating surface wall temperature, the default degree of the purification inlet temperature window, and the default degree of deposition risk. Each default degree is obtained by taking the positive part of the normalized excess amount of the corresponding constraint and summing them in a weighted manner. The hierarchical selection rule is to prioritize the candidate topology with the smallest overall default degree. When the overall default degrees are the same or all are below the preset threshold, the candidate topology with the optimal objective function is selected as the optimal topology. After determining the optimal topology, the control unit performs a joint solution on the zoned air distribution or feeding rhythm, the waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and the heat storage charging and releasing power to obtain the continuous control setpoint. The joint solution result is then cut into the allowable domain by the containment filter before being output, so that the incineration process and the waste heat recovery process can achieve coordinated closed-loop optimization under the same objective function and allowable domain constraints.

[0028] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the control unit includes a topology library and an event-triggered switch; the topology library stores multiple candidate topologies represented by a connectivity state table and their historical operation evaluation results; When any of the following trigger conditions are met: exergy gain decreases, steam quality fluctuation penalty increases, or deposition risk index reaches a preset risk condition, the event-triggered switcher generates a limited number of candidate topologies based on the current operating topology through single-step connectivity reconstruction. Single-step connectivity reconstruction includes at least one of the following: switching the connectivity between the waste heat source port and the heat use port, enabling or disabling the sacrificial deposition branch, or switching to the standby heat exchange branch. The control unit first determines whether a candidate topology has a feasible range of continuous control quantities under the allowable domain constraint. If not, it is eliminated. If it does, the comprehensive default degree is calculated and hierarchical optimization is performed. Hierarchical optimization prioritizes the candidate topology with the smallest comprehensive default degree and selects the candidate topology with the optimal objective function when the comprehensive default degree is the same or lower than the preset threshold. The control unit sets a minimum dwell time and hysteresis threshold for topology switching, so that switching only occurs when the allowable domain is still met after being filtered by the containment and the objective function improvement exceeds the preset improvement threshold. The objective function improvement magnitude and the overall default degree are used as the priority and screening threshold of candidate topologies in the topology library for write-back. The control unit employs a two-stage correction mechanism when performing containment filtering on continuous control setpoints; The first level is the amplitude and rate limit correction with priority to hard constraints. Hard constraints include at least the furnace temperature window, excess oxygen window, upper limit of critical heating surface wall temperature, flue gas purification inlet temperature window, emission limit and deposition risk index threshold. The second stage is projection correction. Based on the output of the first stage, the correction amount is obtained by jointly solving at least two of the following: the set value change is minimized and the objective function improvement is maximized. This is done based on the principle of minimizing the change in set value and maximizing the improvement in objective function. The correction amount is obtained by combining the solutions of at least two of the following: the zone air distribution or material pushing rhythm, the waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and the heat storage charging and discharging power. This ensures that the corrected continuous control set value is within the allowable range and meets the preset minimum residence time and preset hysteresis threshold. When no feasible correction amount exists within the allowed domain, the control unit outputs a preset conservative setting value and freezes the topology switch until a feasible range appears. In this embodiment, the control unit maintains a topology library during operation. The topology library records multiple candidate topologies in a connectivity state table, and associates each candidate topology with its historical operation evaluation results. The historical operation evaluation results include at least the mean and improvement magnitude of the objective function, the mean and peak value of the comprehensive default degree, the peak value and upward trend of the deposition risk index, the mean and peak value of the steam quality fluctuation penalty, and the convergence time required to reach a stable state after topology switching. To avoid the evaluation results being affected by short-term disturbances, this embodiment sets the evaluation statistics window to 15 min to 60 min, and retains at least 10 recent evaluation records for each candidate topology to update the priority ranking in the topology library.

[0029] The control unit is equipped with an event-triggered switcher. The event-triggered switcher initiates the generation and evaluation of candidate topologies only when any trigger condition is met. The trigger conditions include at least one of the following: the exergy gain corresponding to the objective function decreases to a preset threshold and lasts for a preset time; the steam quality fluctuation penalty increases to a preset threshold and lasts for a preset time; and the deposition risk index reaches a preset risk condition and lasts for a preset time. In this embodiment, the exergy gain decrease threshold is 5% to 15% lower than the most recent stable segment, with a duration of 3 to 10 minutes. The steam quality fluctuation penalty increase threshold is 30% to 80% higher than the most recent stable segment, with a duration of 1 to 5 minutes. The deposition risk index trigger condition is reaching a threshold or 0.9 of the threshold and showing a continuous upward trend, with a duration of 1 to 5 minutes. The exergy gain decrease is calculated based on the relative decrease of the average exergy gain in the current evaluation window compared to the average exergy gain in the previous stable evaluation window. The previous stable evaluation window is the window where the most recent comprehensive default degree is lower than the preset threshold and lasts for no less than 20 minutes. After the trigger condition is met, the control unit enters the topology switching evaluation stage and exits the stage after the evaluation is completed. If no trigger condition is triggered, the current operating topology and continuous control strategy remain unchanged.

[0030] During the topology switching evaluation phase, the control unit performs single-step connectivity reconstruction based on the current operating topology to generate a limited number of candidate topologies. Single-step connectivity reconstruction is limited to changing only one connectivity relationship at a time or enabling or deactivating only one preset branch at a time, in order to ensure that the topology search scale is controllable and facilitates rapid convergence. In this embodiment, single-step connectivity reconstruction includes at least one of the following actions: switching a waste heat source port from the original heat-using port to another heat-using port, switching a heat-using port from the original waste heat source port to another waste heat source port, enabling or deactivating a sacrificial deposition branch, or switching to a standby heat exchange branch. The number of candidate topologies generated is 3 to 12, preferably 5 to 8. Candidate topologies are preferentially selected from records with higher priority and similar to the current operating conditions in the topology library, supplemented by a small number of new topologies obtained based on single-step connectivity reconstruction, in order to balance historical experience and exploration capabilities.

[0031] The control unit first determines whether each candidate topology has a feasible range of continuous control quantities under the allowable domain constraints. If not, it is eliminated; if so, the comprehensive violation degree is calculated and stratified optimization is performed. The feasible range is generated using a boundary consistent with the limit and speed of the continuous control quantities. At least two of the following are discretely sampled or locally searched to verify feasibility: the zonal air distribution or material pushing rhythm, the waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and the thermal storage charging and discharging power. The comprehensive violation degree is composed of at least the emission limit violation degree, the critical heating surface wall temperature upper limit violation degree, the purification inlet temperature window violation degree, and the deposition risk violation degree, and the weighted positive sum is taken. The stratified optimization first selects the candidate topology with the smallest comprehensive violation degree. When the comprehensive violation degrees are the same or both are lower than the preset threshold, the candidate topology with the optimal objective function is selected as the target topology for switching. To suppress frequent switching, this embodiment sets a minimum residence time and a hysteresis threshold for topology switching. The minimum residence time is 20 min to 60 min, and the hysteresis threshold is set as the switching condition that the objective function is improved by more than 2% to 5% and the comprehensive violation degree does not increase. Topology switching is only allowed to be executed when the allowable domain is still met after containment filtering.

[0032] The control unit uses the improvement magnitude of the objective function and the overall default rate during actual operation as the write-back amount to update the priority and screening threshold of the candidate topology library. When a candidate topology reaches a preset positive threshold in the evaluation statistics window after switching and the overall default rate is not greater than a preset upper limit, the priority of the candidate topology is increased and the generation range of adjacent candidate topologies is tightened. When a candidate topology has a peak overall default rate exceeding the preset upper limit or a negative improvement magnitude in the objective function after switching, the priority of the candidate topology is reduced and the generation range of candidate topologies is widened to increase the search probability of alternative topologies. The priority update adopts an increment-decrement method, with each update step size ranging from 1 to 3 points and upper and lower limits set. The screening threshold update step size does not exceed 5% to 20% of the original threshold, so that the topology library gradually converges under changing operating conditions and does not introduce excessively rapid drift.

[0033] The output of the continuous control setpoint is subject to a two-stage correction mechanism under containment filtering. The first stage is a limit and rate correction prioritizing hard constraints. It first performs boundary trimming and limits the rate of change for each item, including zone air distribution or material pushing rhythm, waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and thermal storage charging and discharging power. The hard constraints include at least the furnace temperature window, excess oxygen window, upper limit of critical heating surface wall temperature, purification inlet temperature window, emission limit, and deposition risk index threshold. In this embodiment, the valve array opening change rate does not exceed 10% per minute, the branch flow distribution change rate does not exceed 10% per minute, the primary air to secondary air ratio change rate does not exceed 5% per minute, the grate pushing cycle change rate does not exceed 10% per minute, and the thermal storage charging and discharging power change rate does not exceed 15% of the rated power per minute. The above rate limiting rules are used to ensure a smooth switching process and avoid violations of the allowable domain due to execution shock.

[0034] The second stage is projection correction, which performs joint correction on at least two continuous control variables based on the output of the first stage to improve the objective function and reduce the steam quality fluctuation penalty. The joint correction takes the minimum change in setpoint as the first criterion and the maximum improvement in objective function as the second criterion. The correction process adopts local grid search or iterative trial method, with 3 to 10 iterations and an allowable domain verification after each iteration. The search radius of the local grid search is ±5% to ±15% of the output value of the first stage, and no more than 7 discrete value points are set for each variable to ensure that the solution is completed within one refresh cycle. When there is no feasible correction variable in the allowable domain, the control unit outputs a preset conservative setpoint and freezes the topology switch until a feasible range appears. The preset conservative setpoint includes keeping the current topology unchanged, locking the valve array opening and branch allocation at the most recent stable value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air to the median value and limiting its rate of change, and reducing the heat storage charging and discharging power to 10% to 20% of the rated power and maintaining it for a preset time to ensure that the system can still operate stably under extreme disturbances and wait for a feasible solution to recover.

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the control unit constructs a steam quality fluctuation index and uses this index to drive the charging and discharging scheduling of the thermal storage shaping unit. The steam quality fluctuation index is obtained by normalizing and weighting at least two of the following: steam pressure deviation, steam temperature deviation, and enthalpy-related quantity deviation determined by steam pressure and steam temperature within a preset sliding time window. When the steam quality fluctuation index exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit increases the heat release power of the thermal storage shaping unit and reduces the change amplitude of the waste heat branch distribution in the same direction as the steam quality fluctuation, so that the steam pressure and steam temperature return to the target range. When the steam quality fluctuation index is less than the preset threshold and the objective function improvement meets the preset conditions, the control unit increases the charging power of the thermal storage shaping unit to restore the thermal storage margin. The charging and discharging power of the thermal storage shaping unit is limited to the allowable range and is subject to preset rate limits to avoid introducing new steam quality fluctuations through charging and discharging. The control unit sets write-back adaptive rules and updates the candidate topology screening threshold, deposition risk threshold, and topology library priority based on the amount of runtime evidence. The amount of operational evidence should include at least two of the following: the magnitude of improvement in the objective function, the overall default rate, the magnitude of decrease in the steam quality fluctuation index, and the trend of change in the deposition risk index. The write-back adaptive rules include tightening the candidate topology generation range and increasing the topology switching improvement threshold when the improvement of the objective function is lower than the preset lower limit and the overall default degree is not greater than the preset upper limit; widening the candidate topology generation range and reducing the topology switching improvement threshold when the overall default degree exceeds the preset upper limit or the deposition risk index shows a continuous upward trend; and increasing the priority of candidate topologies that generate positive evidence and decreasing the priority of candidate topologies that generate negative evidence. The control unit sets the maximum update step size and minimum dwell time for the above update process, so that the screening threshold, deposition risk threshold and topology priority gradually converge with the change of operating conditions and do not trigger the violation of the allowed domain. In this embodiment, during the operation of the above system, the control unit collects the pressure, temperature, and steam flow rate at the steam output end at a fixed refresh cycle, and obtains the enthalpy-related quantity from the pressure and temperature tables; the steam quality fluctuation index is calculated using a sliding time window, with the sliding time window ranging from 60s to 180s and the refresh cycle ranging from 5s to 10s; at each refresh time, the control unit calculates the normalized deviation of the steam pressure relative to the target pressure, the normalized deviation of the steam temperature relative to the target temperature, and the normalized deviation of the enthalpy-related quantity relative to the target enthalpy-related quantity within the sliding time window, and selects at least two of the above deviations for weighted synthesis to obtain the steam quality fluctuation index; to ensure reproducibility, this embodiment provides a set of example weights, with the pressure deviation weight set at 0.4, the temperature deviation weight set at 0.4, and the enthalpy-related quantity deviation weight set at 0.2. The weights are allowed to be fine-tuned during write-back updates, but the single adjustment range does not exceed 0.05.

[0036] When the steam quality fluctuation index exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit issues a heat dispatch command to the thermal storage shaping unit and simultaneously suppresses the continuous control quantity changes that cause steam fluctuations. The preset threshold can be a dimensionless range of 0.10 to 0.18. The heat discharge dispatch command includes a heat discharge power setpoint and a power change rate constraint. The heat discharge power setpoint is 30% to 100% of the rated power and is gradually adjusted over multiple consecutive refresh cycles. The suppression strategy includes at least limiting the change amplitude of waste heat branch distribution and the change rate of valve array opening. The limitation is determined by reducing the heat flow switching amplitude to the feedwater preheating port and increasing the proportion of thermal storage heat discharge when the steam pressure deviation is positive and expanding. When the steam pressure deviation is negative and expanding, increasing the proportion of heat flow to the feedwater preheating port and increasing the proportion of thermal storage heat discharge, thereby causing the steam pressure and steam temperature to return to the target range. During the return process, the control unit continuously calculates the steam quality fluctuation index and uses its downward trend as the basis for the gradual decline of heat discharge power.

[0037] When the steam quality fluctuation index is less than the preset threshold and remains stable within multiple consecutive sliding time windows, and the objective function improvement meets the preset conditions, the control unit issues a charging scheduling command to the thermal storage shaping unit to restore the thermal storage margin. The charging scheduling command includes a charging power setpoint and a power change rate constraint. The charging power setpoint is 10% to 80% of the rated power and is increased gradually. The determination that the objective function improvement meets the preset conditions can be based on the improvement of the average objective function in the most recent evaluation window relative to the previous stable evaluation window being no less than 2% to 5%. If the charging causes the steam quality fluctuation index to rise and approach the threshold, the control unit reduces the charging power or suspends charging and maintains a conservative setting to avoid the thermal storage charging and discharging scheduling from introducing steam quality fluctuations in the opposite direction.

[0038] The heat storage and shaping unit's charging and discharging power is limited by both allowable range constraints and rate limits. The allowable range constraints include at least the purification inlet temperature window, the upper limit of the critical heating surface wall temperature, and the emission limit. The rate limit constraint is used to suppress power fluctuations. In this embodiment, the rate of change of the heat storage power does not exceed 15% of the rated power per minute, and preferably does not exceed 10%. When the purification inlet temperature is close to 90% of the upper limit threshold or the critical heating surface wall temperature is close to 90% of the upper limit threshold, the control unit prioritizes reducing the heat storage and discharging power and reducing the switching amplitude of the waste heat branch. When the emission index is close to the limit threshold, the control unit prioritizes decoupling the heat storage scheduling from the air distribution regulation and maintaining the heat storage power at a low to medium level until the emission index returns to the allowable range.

[0039] The control unit sets write-back adaptive rules and drives the updating of candidate topology screening thresholds, deposition risk thresholds, and topology library priorities using operational evidence. Operational evidence is calculated within an evaluation statistics window, which is 15 to 60 minutes in length and consistent with the topology library evaluation statistics. Operational evidence includes at least two of the following: objective function improvement magnitude, overall default rate, decrease in steam quality fluctuation index, and trend of deposition risk index change. The objective function improvement magnitude is calculated as the relative improvement of the objective function mean within the current evaluation window compared to the mean of the objective function within the previous stable evaluation window. The decrease in steam quality fluctuation index is calculated as the relative decrease of the steam quality fluctuation index mean within the current evaluation window compared to the previous evaluation window. The trend of deposition risk index change is obtained by the linear fitting slope of the deposition risk index within the evaluation window or the difference between adjacent windows. The write-back cycle is 15 to 60 minutes, and the single update step size does not exceed 5% to 20% of the original threshold, with upper and lower limits set.

[0040] When the improvement of the objective function is below the preset lower limit and the overall default rate is not greater than the preset upper limit, the control unit tightens the candidate topology generation range and increases the topology switching improvement threshold to reduce the probability of invalid switching. The preset lower limit can be an improvement of less than 2% to 5%, and the preset upper limit can be an average overall default rate of less than 0.1 to 0.2. When the overall default rate exceeds the preset upper limit or the deposition risk index shows a continuous upward trend, the control unit widens the candidate topology generation range and lowers the topology switching improvement threshold to increase the probability of alternative topology search. A continuous upward trend in the deposition risk index can be determined by two consecutive evaluation windows having a positive slope and a slope exceeding the preset minimum slope. Candidate topologies generating positive evidence are given higher priority, while those generating negative evidence are given lower priority. Priority updates are performed using a point increment / decrement method, with each update step ranging from 1 to 3 points and upper and lower limits set to prevent priority drift from being too rapid. To ensure system stability, the control unit sets a minimum residence time and a maximum update step size for the above update process. The minimum residence time ranges from 20 to 60 minutes, and the maximum update step size is used to limit the variation of the candidate topology screening threshold and deposition risk threshold in a single write-back, thereby ensuring that the screening threshold, deposition risk threshold, and topology priority gradually converge with changes in operating conditions without triggering permission domain defaults.

[0041] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0042] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. An integrated and optimized waste treatment system for incineration and waste heat recovery, characterized in that, include: This includes an incineration unit, a steam generation circuit, a reconfigurable waste heat recovery network, an online sensing unit, and a control unit; The reconfigurable waste heat recovery network has at least three waste heat source ports and at least three heat use ports, and is equipped with a valve array and multiple branch heat exchange channels. The waste heat source ports include at least a boiler tail flue gas waste heat port, a flue gas waste heat port located before the flue gas purification device, and a slag sensible heat port. The heat use ports include at least a feedwater preheating port, a heat pump drive port, and a heat storage charging port. The opening and closing combinations of the valve array form a switchable connectivity between the waste heat source port and the heat consumption port. The connectivity is binary-identified by a connectivity state table, which forms candidate topologies accordingly. The online sensing unit is used to collect furnace temperature and oxygen content, key components of flue gas, wall temperature or pressure drop trends of heated surfaces, and steam pressure, temperature, or enthalpy-related quantities. The control unit calculates the exergy gain and irreversible loss for each candidate topology and constructs an objective function, which includes a steam quality fluctuation penalty. The control unit constructs a deposition risk index and forms an allowable domain together with the deposition risk index, emission limits, and equipment boundaries. It performs containment filtering on candidate topologies and continuous control quantities and outputs the optimal topology and control setpoints that satisfy the allowable domain. The control setpoints include at least two of the following: zoned air distribution or material pushing rhythm, waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and thermal storage charging and discharging power. The steam generation circuit includes a heating surface and a critical heating surface. The waste heat recovery network includes a sacrificial deposition branch, whose heat exchange components are replaceable or regenerable. When the deposition risk index meets the preset risk conditions, the control unit guides the high deposition risk heat flow to the sacrificial deposition branch to maintain the efficiency stability of the critical heating surface. The system also includes a thermal shaping unit for absorbing or releasing heat to reduce steam quality fluctuations; The control unit updates the candidate topology screening threshold, deposition risk threshold, and continuous allocation parameters based on the deviation between prediction and actual measurement, thereby achieving collaborative closed-loop optimization of incineration and waste heat recovery.

2. The integrated optimized incineration and waste heat recovery waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deposition risk index constructed by the control unit is determined by at least the flue gas acid component indicator, alkali metal migration indicator, flue gas dew point margin, heated surface wall temperature gradient, and heated surface pressure drop growth rate, and the deposition risk default degree is calculated for candidate topologies based on the deposition risk index. The waste heat source port is provided with a waste heat port for flue gas located before the flue gas purification device, serving as a waste heat port for flue gas before purification. When the deposition risk default exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit switches the valve array under the premise of satisfying the allowable domain constraint, so that the waste heat port of the flue gas before purification is connected with the sacrificial deposition branch and bypass isolation is implemented on the branch corresponding to the key heated surface, and at the same time, the regeneration cycle of the sacrificial deposition branch is started. The regeneration cycle includes identifying waste heat source ports with temperatures higher than a preset temperature threshold as high-temperature waste heat source ports, and introducing the heat flow of the high-temperature waste heat source ports into the sacrificial deposition branch within a preset time to cause the deposits to undergo thermal decomposition or desorption and be discharged through the flue gas channel of the incineration unit, so as to restore the effective heat exchange capacity of the sacrificial deposition branch and suppress the deposition growth of the key heating surface under the condition of no furnace shutdown.

3. The integrated optimized incineration and waste heat recovery waste treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to perform feasibility determination and hierarchical optimization for each candidate topology, specifically: Based on the data collected by the online sensing unit and the allowed domain, a feasible range of continuous control quantities is first generated for the candidate topology. If the feasible range of continuous control quantities is empty, the candidate topology is eliminated. For candidate topologies that have not been eliminated, a comprehensive default score is calculated. The comprehensive default score is composed of at least the emission limit default score, the upper limit of the heated surface wall temperature default score, the purification inlet temperature window default score, and the deposition risk index default score. The optimal topology is determined by a hierarchical selection rule, which prioritizes the candidate topology with the lowest comprehensive default degree and selects the candidate topology with the optimal objective function when the comprehensive default degree is the same or lower than a preset threshold. After determining the optimal topology, the zoned air distribution or feeding rhythm, the waste heat branch allocation or valve array opening, and the heat storage charging and releasing power are jointly solved. The results of the joint solution are then clipped to the allowable domain through containment filtering to output the control setpoint, so that the incineration process and the waste heat recovery process can achieve coordinated closed-loop optimization under the same objective function and the same allowable domain constraints.

4. The integrated optimized incineration and waste heat recovery waste treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control unit includes a topology library and an event-triggered switch; the topology library stores multiple candidate topologies represented by a connectivity state table and their historical operation evaluation results; When any of the following triggering conditions are met: exergy gain decreases, steam quality fluctuation penalty increases, or deposition risk index reaches a preset risk condition, the event-triggered switcher generates a limited number of candidate topologies based on the current operating topology through single-step connectivity reconstruction. The single-step connectivity reconstruction includes at least one of the following: switching the connectivity between the waste heat source port and the heat use port, enabling or disabling the sacrificial deposition branch, or switching to the standby heat exchange branch. The control unit first determines whether a candidate topology has a feasible range of continuous control quantities under the allowable domain constraint. If it does not exist, it is eliminated. If it does exist, the comprehensive default degree is calculated and hierarchical optimization is performed. Hierarchical optimization prioritizes the candidate topology with the smallest comprehensive default degree and selects the candidate topology with the optimal objective function when the comprehensive default degree is the same or lower than the preset threshold. The control unit sets a minimum dwell time and hysteresis threshold for topology switching, so that switching only occurs when the allowable domain is still met after being filtered by the containment and the objective function improvement exceeds the preset improvement threshold. The objective function improvement magnitude and the overall default degree are used as the write-back amount to update the candidate topology priority and screening threshold of the topology library.

5. The integrated optimized incineration and waste heat recovery waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit employs a two-stage correction mechanism when performing containment filtering on continuous control setpoints. The first level is the amplitude and rate limit correction with priority to hard constraints. Hard constraints include at least the furnace temperature window, excess oxygen window, upper limit of critical heating surface wall temperature, flue gas purification inlet temperature window, emission limit and deposition risk index threshold. The second stage is projection correction. Based on the output of the first stage, the correction amount is obtained by jointly solving at least two of the following: the set value change is minimized and the objective function improvement is maximized. This is done based on the principle of minimizing the change in set value and maximizing the improvement in objective function. The correction amount is obtained by combining the solutions of at least two of the following: the zone air distribution or material pushing rhythm, the waste heat branch distribution or valve array opening, and the heat storage charging and discharging power. This ensures that the corrected continuous control set value is within the allowable range and meets the preset minimum residence time and preset hysteresis threshold. When no feasible correction value exists within the allowed domain, the control unit outputs a preset conservative setting value and freezes the topology switch until a feasible range appears.

6. The integrated optimized incineration and waste heat recovery waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit constructs a steam quality fluctuation index and uses this index to drive the charging and discharging scheduling of the thermal storage shaping unit. The steam quality fluctuation index is obtained by normalizing and weighting at least two of the following: steam pressure deviation, steam temperature deviation, and enthalpy-related quantity deviation determined by steam pressure and steam temperature within a preset sliding time window. When the steam quality fluctuation index exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit increases the heat release power of the thermal storage shaping unit and reduces the change amplitude of the waste heat branch distribution in the same direction as the steam quality fluctuation, so that the steam pressure and steam temperature return to the target range. When the steam quality fluctuation index is less than the preset threshold and the objective function improvement meets the preset conditions, the control unit increases the charging power of the thermal storage shaping unit to restore the thermal storage margin. The charging and discharging power of the thermal storage shaping unit is limited by the allowable range and by a preset rate limit to avoid introducing new steam quality fluctuations through charging and discharging.

7. The integrated optimized incineration and waste heat recovery waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit sets write-back adaptive rules and updates the candidate topology screening threshold, deposition risk threshold, and topology library priority based on the amount of running evidence. The operational evidence includes at least two of the following: the improvement of the objective function, the overall default rate, the decrease in the steam quality fluctuation index, and the trend of the deposition risk index. The write-back adaptive rules include tightening the candidate topology generation range and increasing the topology switching improvement threshold when the improvement of the objective function is lower than the preset lower limit and the comprehensive default degree is not greater than the preset upper limit; widening the candidate topology generation range and reducing the topology switching improvement threshold when the comprehensive default degree exceeds the preset upper limit or the deposition risk index shows a continuous upward trend; and increasing the priority of candidate topologies that generate positive evidence and decreasing the priority of candidate topologies that generate negative evidence. The control unit sets the maximum update step size and minimum dwell time for the above update process, so that the screening threshold, deposition risk threshold and topology priority gradually converge with the change of operating conditions and do not trigger the violation of the allowed domain.

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