A method and system for active cooling of a horizontal handlebar of sports equipment based on thermoelectric refrigeration

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of semiconductor refrigeration, and discloses a motion equipment cross handle active cooling method and system based on thermoelectric refrigeration, which comprises the following steps: providing an active cooling system, collecting temperature data and pressure data of a cross handle and a palm contact interface, generating a driving instruction according to the temperature data and the pressure data to activate a thermoelectric module in current, acquiring current closed-loop feedback of each contact partition of the contact interface, driving a micro fan according to the current closed-loop feedback, forming double driving convection by combining negative pressure generated by the cold end of the thermoelectric module, acquiring the micro wind intensity of a micropore array according to the double driving convection, and constructing a composite control loop containing temperature, pressure and micro wind intensity. When a sudden increase in holding pressure is detected, the refrigeration and air supply intensity can be instantly and dynamically improved, the cooling response is highly synchronized with explosive force actions, the palm is kept dry and cool and the grip is stable during the whole motion process, and the persistent comfort during high-intensity motion is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of semiconductor refrigeration technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for active cooling of the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric refrigeration. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of outdoor cycling, fitness, and other sports, the handlebars of exercise equipment (such as bicycle handlebars, rowing machine handlebars, and treadmill handrails) are prone to rapid temperature increases due to sweat buildup and frictional heat generated when gripped for extended periods in high-intensity or high-temperature environments. This can lead to slippery, hot, and even blistering hands, severely impacting the exercise experience and sustainability. To improve grip comfort, active cooling technologies for exercise equipment handlebars have gradually emerged in the industry. These technologies mainly include liquid cooling circulation, phase change material heat absorption, and air cooling. Among these, air cooling is widely used due to its refrigerant-free operation, compact structure, and rapid response.

[0003] Most existing active cooling handlebars typically only have a fan inside the handlebar, which is triggered by a uniform fixed current or a simple ambient temperature threshold for air cooling. However, since the contact area between the palm and the handlebar and the grip strength are constantly changing during riding or exercise, cooling based on a simple ambient temperature threshold can easily lead to insufficient heat dissipation in some areas. It is impossible to make targeted adjustments according to the dynamic grip situation, thus causing obvious stuffiness and slipperiness during some explosive movements.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a method and system for active cooling of the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, in order to solve the problem that existing active cooling handlebars cannot be adjusted in a targeted manner according to dynamic grip conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method and system for active cooling of the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, aiming to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method and system for active cooling of the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, comprising: S1: Provide an active cooling system, which includes a handlebar, a thermoelectric module, and a micro fan. The handlebar is provided with a micro-hole array, and the thermoelectric module and the micro fan are disposed inside the handlebar. S2: Collect temperature and pressure data at the interface between the handlebar and the palm, generate a drive command based on the temperature and pressure data to activate the thermoelectric module with current, and obtain closed-loop feedback of current in each contact zone of the contact interface. S3: Drive the micro fan according to the current closed-loop feedback, and form a dual-drive convection by combining the negative pressure generated by the cold end cooling of the thermoelectric module, and obtain the micro wind intensity of the micro-hole array according to the dual-drive convection. S4: Construct a composite control loop based on temperature data, pressure data, and wind intensity, and acquire pressure data in real time. When the real-time pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, dynamically adjust the drive command according to the composite control loop.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner wall of the cross handle is provided with several axial shallow grooves, and several temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves. The contact interface includes four contact zones. The steps for collecting temperature and pressure data at the interface between the handlebar and the palm include: Based on the temperature sensor, the ambient temperature is collected when the handlebars are not held, and an ambient temperature baseline is formed. The pressure data of the handlebar is collected based on the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor, and it is determined whether the pressure data exceeds the preset grip force threshold. If so, the current temperature of the temperature sensor is locked to form a contact temperature baseline. The temperature sensor and the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor are synchronously vectorized based on the ambient temperature baseline and the contact temperature baseline to acquire temperature and pressure data of each contact zone in real time.

[0008] Further, the step of generating a drive command based on the temperature and pressure data to activate the thermoelectric module with current and obtain current closed-loop feedback for each contact zone of the contact interface includes: The thermoelectric module is divided into regions based on the four contact zones. The obtained module zones are jointly mapped with the temperature and pressure data of each contact zone to obtain the heat load demand vector of each module zone. Based on the heat load demand vector of each module partition, an independent current target is set for each module partition to form a drive command; The current of each module partition is activated based on the driving command, and the actual current of each module partition is sampled at high frequency to obtain the real-time current feedback of each module partition. The drive command is closed-loop corrected based on the deviation between the real-time current feedback and the target cooling current to obtain the current closed-loop feedback of each contact zone of the contact interface.

[0009] Further, S3 includes: The current closed-loop feedback of each contact zone is sorted and weighted in real time to generate a global control signal to perform time-sharing pulse speed regulation on the micro fan, forming an instantaneous push air that is proportional to the cooling of each contact zone. The negative pressure generated by the cooling at the cold end of the thermoelectric module, and the directional acceleration of the pre-cooled air in the handlebars according to the instantaneous push air, form a dual-drive convection. By using the dual-drive convection to eject a micro-wind jet from the micro-orifice array, the dynamic pressure distribution of the micro-wind jet at the outlet of the micro-orifice array is quantified in real time to obtain the micro-wind intensity.

[0010] Furthermore, after S3, it also includes: The runtime of the micro fan is recorded, and it is determined whether the runtime and temperature data exceed a preset cleaning threshold. If so, a cleaning trigger signal is generated. According to the cleaning trigger signal, reverse current pulses are executed on all module partitions of the thermoelectric module, and the micro fan is driven to run at maximum speed to form a through airflow, which evaporates the condensate in the handle and pushes it out. The reverse current pulse ends after a preset duration, and the thermoelectric module is activated by current based on the drive command.

[0011] Furthermore, the condition for determining that the running time and temperature data exceed the preset cleaning threshold is that the running time of the micro fan reaches 5 minutes or the temperature data is higher than 42°C, and the preset duration is 14 seconds.

[0012] Further, S4 includes: Temperature data, pressure data and wind intensity are fused into a three-variable vector, and the resulting composite input vector is fed forward to a preset fuzzy inference engine to form a composite control loop. Real-time pressure data is acquired, and when the real-time pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, a pressure mutation signal is generated, which includes the mutation partition identifier, mutation magnitude, and mutation duration. Based on the composite control loop, the drive command is dynamically adjusted according to the pressure change signal.

[0013] An active cooling system for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling includes a handlebar, with micropore arrays arranged at opposite ends of the handlebar, the micropore arrays surrounding the handlebar, and an installation chamber formed inside the handlebar. A micro fan extending into the installation chamber is arranged at the bottom end of the handlebar, and a thermoelectric module corresponding to the micropore array is arranged inside the installation chamber. The mounting chamber has several shallow grooves along the inner wall of the handlebar. These shallow grooves are distributed along the axial direction of the handlebar, and several temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper end face of the handlebar is provided with two symmetrical hinge seats, and the bottom end of the hinge seat forms an arc-shaped connecting part along the outer periphery. Along the width direction of the handlebar, the arc-shaped connecting part bends to fit the handlebar. Along the circumferential direction of the arc-shaped connecting part, the arc-shaped connecting part is concave and bends to connect the upper end face of the handlebar and the outer periphery of the hinge seat. A power supply component is installed inside the handlebar, and a fan is rotatably connected to the top of the hinge seat. The power supply component is electrically connected to the fan, the micro fan, and the thermoelectric module.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper end face of the hinge seat is provided with a rotating groove, and connecting holes are provided on opposite sides of the rotating groove. The bottom end of the fan is provided with a connecting block corresponding to the rotating groove. A rotating pin passes through the connecting hole, and the rotating pin penetrates the connecting block. The rotating pin is interference-fitted with the connecting hole.

[0016] Beneficial effects: In this invention, by integrating a thermoelectric module and a micro-fan inside the handlebars and setting a micro-pore array on the handlebar surface, combined with real-time acquisition of temperature and pressure data at the contact interface, the thermoelectric module can be precisely activated with zoned current based on the dynamic changes in the actual grip area and grip strength of the hand. This concentrates the cooling energy to the high-temperature areas in close contact, achieving highly targeted and rapid local cooling. Simultaneously, a closed-loop current feedback system reflects the actual cooling effect of each contact zone in real time, ensuring that the cooling process closely matches the actual heating state of the hand. Furthermore, the negative pressure generated by the cooling at the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the active drive of the micro-fan form a dual-drive convection, blowing a continuous cool breeze outward from inside the handlebars through the micro-pore array. This effectively removes sweat from the palm surface and forms a dry air film. A composite control loop including temperature, pressure, and breeze intensity is constructed. When a sudden increase in grip pressure is detected, the cooling and airflow intensity can be dynamically increased immediately, ensuring that the cooling response is highly synchronized with explosive force movements. This keeps the palm continuously dry and cool, maintains a stable grip, and enhances sustained comfort during high-intensity exercise. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an active cooling method for the horizontal handle of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an active cooling system for the horizontal handle of sports equipment based on thermoelectric refrigeration according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of an active cooling system for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric refrigeration, according to the present invention. The components are: 1. Horizontal handle; 11. Micro-hole array; 12. Hinge seat; 13. Arc-shaped connecting part; 14. Rotating groove; 2. Micro fan; 3. Fan; 31. Connecting block; 4. Rotating pin.

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This invention proposes an active cooling method for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, comprising: S1: Provide an active cooling system, which includes a handlebar, a thermoelectric module, and a micro fan. The handlebar is provided with a micro-hole array, and the thermoelectric module and the micro fan are disposed inside the handlebar. In step S1, the thermoelectric module adopts a monolithic high-density bismuth-tellurium thermoelectric stack module.

[0024] S2: Collect temperature and pressure data at the interface between the handlebar and the palm, generate a drive command based on the temperature and pressure data to activate the thermoelectric module with current, and obtain closed-loop feedback of current in each contact zone of the contact interface. In step S2, after the athlete grips the barre, multiple temperature sensors can simultaneously collect real-time temperature data of the four main sweating contact zones at the interface between the barre and the hand: the center of the palm, the base of the four fingers, the heel of the palm, and the thenar eminence. At the same time, multiple pressure sensors can collect the grip pressure of the corresponding areas. The various temperature signals and pressure signals form temperature data and pressure data.

[0025] It can be configured to immediately determine the zone with the "highest risk of sweating" when all three conditions are met: the real-time temperature of any zone in the temperature vector exceeds a certain value, the temperature difference with the adjacent zone is greater than 2℃, and the pressure vector value of the corresponding zone is greater than 120gf (approximately equivalent to the lower limit of normal grip strength). Then, it instantly outputs a positive cooling PWM waveform with a duty cycle of up to 95% to the full-bridge driver chip connected to the corresponding zone for current activation. For example, if the temperature in the center of the palm reaches 33.5℃ and the pressure reaches 280gf, while the thenar eminence is only 29.8℃, then only the thermocouple pair corresponding to the center of the palm will be applied a near-full-power 4.5A cooling current (maximum current of 5A per zone), causing its cold-end ceramic surface to rapidly drop from room temperature to 13-15℃ within 7 seconds. The other three zones will maintain only 10%, 20%, and 30% of their insulation current, or even be completely shut off, depending on their respective temperatures. This achieves complete electrical isolation and efficient energy distribution among the four cooling zones, avoiding the inefficiency of traditional integrated cooling systems.

[0026] To ensure cooling accuracy and safety, overvoltage protection is implemented on both the high and low sides of each full-bridge driver chip. Simultaneously, a closed-loop sampling mechanism is used to collect the actual current flowing through each thermoelectric stack module via a precision sampling resistor, comparing the actual current value with the target current value in real time to form a current closed-loop feedback. If a sudden increase in grip force causes a decrease in contact thermal resistance and a rapid drop in cold-end temperature, the PWM duty cycle is reduced to prevent the cold-end temperature from falling below 12°C and causing discomfort. Conversely, if the cold-end cooling rate is detected to be slower than expected, the duty cycle can be briefly pushed to 100% for 2-3 seconds to ensure the target cold-end temperature is reached within 7 seconds. Based on the closed-loop feedback mechanism of the actual current, the system can maintain the cold-end temperature error of the four zones within a suitable range even under complex operating conditions (high temperature and humidity, vigorous exercise, intermittent gripping and releasing).

[0027] S3: Drive the micro fan according to the current closed-loop feedback, and form a dual-drive convection by combining the negative pressure generated by the cold end cooling of the thermoelectric module, and obtain the micro wind intensity of the micro-hole array according to the dual-drive convection. In step S3, when the thermoelectric stacking module of one or more zones is activated and a positive cooling current is applied, the zone rapidly drops from ambient temperature to approximately 13–15°C within seconds. This rapid localized cooling also cools the inner metal wall of the handle, which is in close contact with the cold end and thermally coupled through a graphite thermal pad. The handle section has micro-vents tilted towards the palm, and the inner wall of these micro-vents is directly connected to the cold end. Therefore, when the cold end temperature drops sharply, the air inside the micro-vents is instantly cooled to a temperature far below the ambient temperature. Temperature causes a sharp increase in gas density and a rapid decrease in pressure within the pores, creating a negative pressure suction between the palm and the handlebars. This forcefully draws in relatively warm and humid air from the outside through the microporous array. The drawn-in air is cooled below the dew point by the cold end, rapidly condensing into tiny water droplets and carrying away a large amount of latent heat from sweat. The cooled air, now saturated with water vapor, sweeps across the palm surface at high speed, carrying away heat and generating a cool breeze that athletes can clearly perceive. This is the "passive negative pressure convection" induced by the cooling of the thermoelectric cold end itself.

[0028] Since the negative pressure convection generated solely by the temperature drop at the cold end is insufficient, especially in high-temperature and high-humidity environments where the negative pressure is easily saturated by moisture and weakens, an axial flow micro-fan is fixedly installed in the internal cavity of the horizontal handle, adjacent to the hot end of the thermoelectric module. The airflow direction of the micro-fan can be set to face the inlet of the annular sintered copper heat pipe surrounding the thermoelectric module. Through closed-loop feedback signals, a set of corresponding micro-fan speed commands is directly mapped according to the current magnitude—the larger the current, the higher the cooling intensity of that zone, and the stronger the auxiliary airflow required, thus the micro-fan speed can be increased synchronously. At this time, the micro-fan powerfully pushes the air inside the horizontal handle, which has been pre-cooled by the thermoelectric module, towards the micro-hole array at the cold end, forming a "dual-drive convection" with the negative pressure generated by the cold end itself.

[0029] Under this dual-drive mechanism, warm, humid air from the outside is more forcefully drawn into the micro-pores by negative pressure, while cool air is more powerfully expelled from the pores by the micro-fans. This not only carries away additional heat from the palms but, more importantly, accelerates the evaporation of sweat, allowing athletes to feel dry and cool rather than sticky and cold. Throughout the process, a comprehensive "micro-wind intensity" value is calculated in real time based on the sum of the cooling current of all currently activated zones, the actual speed of the micro-fans, and the pre-calibrated airflow-current correspondence table.

[0030] S4: Construct a composite control loop based on temperature data, pressure data, and wind intensity, and acquire pressure data in real time. When the real-time pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, dynamically adjust the drive command according to the composite control loop.

[0031] In step S4, the composite control loop is composed of a fuzzy control engine that combines feedforward and feedback. It receives real-time input from three dimensions: temperature and pressure data of the palm-handle contact interface simultaneously collected by multi-point temperature and pressure sensors; a micro-wind intensity value representing the actual cooling airflow felt on the palm surface; and the total operating time of the micro-fan.

[0032] The data from the three dimensions is first normalized into dimensionless variables between 0 and 1. By providing a fuzzy inference rule base, optimized comprehensive drive commands that simultaneously apply to the four cooling zones and the micro fan can be output. For example, "If the gripping pressure suddenly increases significantly and the current micro fan intensity is weak, then increase the cooling current and fan speed significantly in advance." "If the temperature is already very low but the pressure remains high, then maintain a strong micro fan but reduce the cooling current to prevent overcooling." "If the cumulative duration of the micro fan has approached the 5-minute threshold, then appropriately reduce the forward cooling duty cycle to reserve space for the hot end temperature rise before the upcoming reverse self-cleaning."

[0033] When an athlete suddenly grips the barre to accelerate or climb a hill, the pressure readings rise rapidly. If any one or more pressure readings increase by more than 30% within one second, the composite control loop will immediately trigger the feedforward control path. Without waiting for the hand temperature to actually rise, the PWM duty cycle of the corresponding zone's thermoelectric module is instantly increased to 170% of its rated value about 3 seconds in advance. At the same time, the micro fan speed is increased by more than 40%, creating a strong, cool breeze that arrives ahead of time, directly evaporating and cooling the sweat that is about to be produced at the sweat gland openings. Meanwhile, the feedback system continuously compares the deviation between the current actual temperature and the target comfortable temperature, and makes a weighted correction to this deviation based on the current wind intensity. The stronger the wind, the smaller the cooling current required for the same temperature deviation. This avoids overcooling that could cause cold hands and keeps energy consumption to a minimum. The entire composite control loop can be set to complete a full cycle every 100 milliseconds, and all parameters are dynamically adjusted. Therefore, even if the user suddenly lets go while going downhill at high speed, the cooling current and fan speed can be smoothly reduced to the minimum insulation state within 0.5 seconds, avoiding waste of cooling energy and the discomfort of suddenly losing the coolness of the hands.

[0034] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the cross handle is provided with several axial shallow grooves, and several temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves. The contact interface includes four contact zones. The steps for collecting temperature and pressure data at the interface between the handlebar and the palm include: Based on the temperature sensor, the ambient temperature is collected when the handlebars are not held, and an ambient temperature baseline is formed. The pressure data of the handlebar is collected based on the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor, and it is determined whether the pressure data exceeds the preset grip force threshold. If so, the current temperature of the temperature sensor is locked to form a contact temperature baseline. The temperature sensor and the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor are synchronously vectorized based on the ambient temperature baseline and the contact temperature baseline to acquire temperature and pressure data of each contact zone in real time.

[0035] In the above embodiment, eight evenly distributed axial shallow grooves are pre-machined at a preset depth on the inner side of the grip section tube wall of the horizontal handle. Then, eight ultra-thin platinum resistance temperature sensors and four pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded and fixed in these shallow grooves, so that the four temperature sensors are precisely aligned with the four main contact zones of sweating and heat accumulation: the center of the palm, the base of the four fingers, the heel of the palm, and the thenar eminence. The pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are located between adjacent temperature sensors, forming a cross-shaped monitoring grid, thereby achieving high-precision real-time sensing of the temperature and grip pressure of the four contact zones.

[0036] In an unattended state, eight ultra-thin platinum resistance temperature sensors embedded inside the aluminum alloy tube continuously collect ambient temperature data, and the average value is used as the ambient temperature baseline. Four pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are monitored in real time. When the pressure signals from all four channels simultaneously exceed 80gf (equivalent to normal grip force), the instantaneous readings of the eight temperature sensors at that moment are immediately locked as the contact temperature baseline. This baseline represents the true initial temperature when the palm first contacts the handlebar. Using this dual baseline as zero point, the raw temperature data from the eight channels is vectorized by subtracting the ambient baseline and then subtracting the difference between the contact baseline and the ambient baseline at a period of 100ms. Simultaneously, the four pressure signals are directly vectorized into 4×1 vectors after debouncing and low-pass filtering. Finally, an 8×1 temperature vector and a 4×1 pressure vector with synchronized timestamps are generated. This is used to directly determine which contact zone needs focused cooling and also serves as a feedforward variable for fuzzy control, thereby completely eliminating false triggering, insufficient cooling, or cooling problems caused by ambient temperature fluctuations or individual differences in the athlete's hand temperature.

[0037] In one example, the step of generating a drive command based on the temperature and pressure data to activate the thermoelectric module with current and obtain current closed-loop feedback for each contact zone of the contact interface includes: The thermoelectric module is divided into regions based on the four contact zones. The obtained module zones are jointly mapped with the temperature and pressure data of each contact zone to obtain the heat load demand vector of each module zone. Based on the heat load demand vector of each module partition, an independent current target is set for each module partition to form a drive command; The current of each module partition is activated based on the driving command, and the actual current of each module partition is sampled at high frequency to obtain the real-time current feedback of each module partition. The drive command is closed-loop corrected based on the deviation between the real-time current feedback and the target cooling current to obtain the current closed-loop feedback of each contact zone of the contact interface.

[0038] In the above embodiment, the temperature and pressure vectors are converted into independent, closed-loop calibrated drive currents for the four thermoelectric module zones. In actual hardware, a bismuth-tellurium thermoelectric stack module is fixed to the crossbar axis. The cold end is completely adhered to the inner wall via high thermal conductivity silicone grease and is artificially divided into four electrically isolated cooling zones: the palm, four fingers, the heel, and thenar eminence. Each zone is controlled by an independent full-bridge driver chip. The 8×1 temperature vector and 4×1 pressure vector are jointly projected onto the four module zones according to a preset geometric mapping relationship to obtain the current heat load demand vector for each module zone. Independent target cooling currents are set for the four zones based on the heat load demand vectors, and converted into four independent high-speed PWM drive commands. After the drive commands are output, the current flowing through each zone's thermoelectric stack is sampled at a frequency of 50kHz. PID closed-loop calibration is performed in real time based on the deviation between the actual current and the target current. The calibrated new PWM command is output again, thereby compressing the actual current error to within ±2% within 0.3 seconds, achieving closed-loop feedback of the current in each contact zone, greatly improving energy utilization efficiency and local cooling accuracy.

[0039] In one instance, step S3 includes: The current closed-loop feedback of each contact zone is sorted and weighted in real time to generate a global control signal to perform time-sharing pulse speed regulation on the micro fan, forming an instantaneous push air that is proportional to the cooling of each contact zone. The negative pressure generated by the cooling at the cold end of the thermoelectric module, and the directional acceleration of the pre-cooled air in the handlebars according to the instantaneous push air, form a dual-drive convection. By using the dual-drive convection to eject a micro-wind jet from the micro-orifice array, the dynamic pressure distribution of the micro-wind jet at the outlet of the micro-orifice array is quantified in real time to obtain the micro-wind intensity.

[0040] In the above embodiment, the cooling capacity generated by the zoned cooling is converted into a micro-wind jet that can be clearly perceived by athletes, forming a dual-driven forced convection. When a zone is activated with a high current, the cold end temperature drops sharply to 13-15°C, and the air inside the micro-holes contracts violently, generating a strong negative pressure. At the same time, based on the real-time current value of the zone, a time-sharing pulse speed control command is issued to the internal axial flow micro-fan, making the fan speed proportional to the cooling intensity of the zone. This actively pushes the air inside the crossbar, which has been pre-cooled by the heat pipe, toward the cold end, forming a dual-driven convection of negative pressure suction and positive pressure push. Warm, humid air from the outside is rapidly drawn into the micropores and instantly condenses to release moisture. The cool air is then ejected from the micropore array at a speed of 1.8-3.2 m / s under the combined action of palm pressure and fan thrust, forming a cool jet of air on the palm surface. At the same time, the dynamic pressure sensing film at the micropore outlet is quantified in real time to accurately obtain the current airflow intensity value. This value is not only used as a feedforward variable for the next step of fuzzy control, but also serves as the basis for the cumulative duration of the self-cleaning function, significantly improving the perceived comfort and actual heat dissipation efficiency of active cooling.

[0041] In one instance, step S3 is followed by: The runtime of the micro fan is recorded, and it is determined whether the runtime and temperature data exceed a preset cleaning threshold. If so, a cleaning trigger signal is generated. According to the cleaning trigger signal, reverse current pulses are executed on all module partitions of the thermoelectric module, and the micro fan is driven to run at maximum speed to form a through airflow, which evaporates the condensate in the handle and pushes it out. The reverse current pulse ends after a preset duration, and the thermoelectric module is activated by current based on the drive command.

[0042] In the above embodiments, during the self-cleaning function, the reversible physical characteristics of the thermoelectric module and the existing airflow channels inside the handlebar are fully utilized. When the cumulative running time of the micro fan reaches a preset value or the temperature of the palm contact surface continues to be higher than the safety threshold, a cleaning trigger signal is immediately issued. Subsequently, short-duration, high-amplitude reverse current pulses are simultaneously applied to all thermoelectric module zones, causing the cold and hot ends to instantly switch roles. The ceramic surface of the cold end, which was originally in contact with the palm, rapidly heats up to a higher temperature under the drive of the reverse current, thereby removing the tiny cold particles that had previously precipitated on the inner wall of the micropores or the surface of the cold end due to intense cooling. The condensed water droplets are rapidly heated and evaporated. At the same time, the micro fan is instructed to run continuously at its highest speed during this stage, forming a powerful airflow that runs through the handle from one end to the other. This airflow pushes the evaporated water vapor and fine water droplets together to the natural openings at both ends of the handle for discharge. No additional mechanical actuators or cleaning fluid are required. The internal drying and cleaning can be completed entirely by switching the current direction and the existing fan. After the reverse pulse ends, it automatically switches back to the normal forward cooling current and enters a brief low-power steady state to allow the temperature of the hot end to drop rapidly, avoiding thermal inertia from affecting the cooling effect of the next cycle.

[0043] In one instance, the condition for determining that the running time and temperature data exceed the preset cleaning threshold is that the running time of the micro fan reaches 5 minutes or the temperature data is higher than 42°C, and the preset duration is 14 seconds.

[0044] In the above embodiment, a real-time timer is used to count the cumulative running minutes of the micro fan since the last cleaning, while continuously monitoring the highest temperature of the palm contact interface. When either of the following conditions is met: the micro fan has run for 5 minutes or the temperature of any contact zone exceeds 42°C, it is considered that enough condensate has been generated on the cold end or the heat dissipation burden on the hot end is too heavy. The duration of the reverse current pulse is controlled at 14 seconds, and the micro fan always maintains its maximum speed to form the strongest through airflow, ensuring that water vapor can be completely removed from the inside of the handle. After the pulse ends, the system immediately returns to normal cooling mode and resets the timer to wait for the next trigger.

[0045] In one embodiment, step S4 includes: Temperature data, pressure data and wind intensity are fused into a three-variable vector, and the resulting composite input vector is fed forward to a preset fuzzy inference engine to form a composite control loop. Real-time pressure data is acquired, and when the real-time pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, a pressure mutation signal is generated, which includes the mutation partition identifier, mutation magnitude, and mutation duration. Based on the composite control loop, the drive command is dynamically adjusted according to the pressure change signal.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the real-time collected multi-point temperature data, pressure data, and wind intensity calculated through dual-drive convection are fused using a three-variable deep vector method and then fed into a fuzzy inference engine for feedforward prediction processing, forming a composite closed loop with both rapid feedforward and feedback. When an athlete suddenly exerts force, causing the pressure in a certain zone to significantly exceed the normal grip threshold in a short period of time, a pressure mutation signal containing the location, magnitude, and duration of the mutation is immediately generated for emergency acceleration or climbing. This signal, together with the prediction output of the fuzzy engine, works to dynamically adjust the current drive command in real time, which can be manifested as adjusting the corresponding zone and adjacent zones several seconds in advance. The cooling current and micro-fan speed of the partitions are increased synchronously, thus preparing for strong cooling and strong breeze before the palms actually sweat profusely. This effectively compresses the temperature fluctuation range of the palms to a small range. Based on the feedforward prediction mechanism of physiological pressure change, combined with the traditional temperature closed-loop feedback, it upgrades from passive response to active prediction, significantly improving the grip comfort and safety in explosive extreme scenarios such as variable speed riding, climbing hills, or high temperature and sweating. At the same time, the fuzzy engine will continue to learn the actual temperature response performance after each pressure change and dynamically optimize the subsequent defuzzification weights, so that the control accuracy will continue to improve with the use time, realizing a truly personalized adaptive cooling experience.

[0047] The present invention also provides an active cooling system for the handlebar of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, including the handlebar 1, with micro-hole array 11 arranged at opposite ends of the handlebar 1, the micro-hole array 11 surrounding the handlebar 1, and an installation chamber formed inside the handlebar 1, with a micro fan 2 extending to the installation chamber at the bottom end of the handlebar 1, and a thermoelectric module corresponding to the micro-hole array 11 arranged inside the installation chamber. The mounting chamber has several shallow grooves along the inner wall of the handlebar 1. The shallow grooves are distributed along the axial direction of the handlebar 1, and several temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves.

[0048] In the above embodiment, semiconductor cooling technology is deeply integrated into the handlebar 1 of the sports equipment. The handlebar 1 adopts a hollow tubular design, forming a through-type mounting chamber. Several shallow grooves are evenly opened along the axial direction on the inner wall of the chamber. High-precision temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves, forming a grid-like sensing network for the surface of the handlebar 1. A micro-hole array 11 is arranged around the opposite ends of the outer surface of the handlebar 1. The micro-holes can be set to have extremely small diameters and high distribution density or slightly larger diameters and distributed in an array, directly facing the main contact area between the user's thumb and forefinger and the palm. In the mounting chamber, multiple sets of independently controllable thermoelectric modules are fixed at the positions corresponding to the micro-hole array 11. The cold end of each thermoelectric module is close to the inner wall of the handlebar 1, and the hot end faces the center of the chamber and is equipped with heat dissipation fins to form a heat dissipation channel. A miniature low-noise centrifugal fan 2 is integrated at the bottom of the handlebar 1, and the air duct is directly facing the hot end of the thermoelectric module.

[0049] Temperature and pressure distribution in different areas of the palm are collected in real time by temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors. When a significant increase in pressure and temperature is detected in a certain area, the main control chip immediately applies a precise current to the thermoelectric module corresponding to that area, so that the cooling energy is concentrated and conducted to the local tube wall and quickly diffused outward through the micro-pore array 11. At the same time, the micro fan 2 starts, quickly removes the heat generated by the hot end of the thermoelectric module and forms a positive pressure in the chamber, causing the cooled air near the cold end to continuously overflow from the micro-pore array 11, forming a flowing cool air film between the palm and the handle 1, which not only quickly reduces the temperature of the contact surface, but also removes the humid heat generated by the evaporation of sweat.

[0050] In one embodiment, the upper end face of the handle 1 is provided with two symmetrical hinge seats 12, and the bottom end of the hinge seat 12 forms an arc-shaped connecting part 13 along the outer periphery. Along the width direction of the handle 1, the arc-shaped connecting part 13 bends to fit the handle 1, and along the circumferential direction of the arc-shaped connecting part 13, the arc-shaped connecting part 13 is concave and bends to connect the upper end face of the handle 1 and the outer periphery of the hinge seat 12. A power supply component is provided inside the horizontal handle 1, and a fan 3 is rotatably connected to the top of the hinge seat 12. The power supply component is electrically connected to the fan 3, the micro fan 2, and the thermoelectric module.

[0051] In the above embodiment, two hinge seats 12 are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the handle 1. The bottom of the hinge seat 12 is an arc-shaped connecting part 13. The arc-shaped connecting part 13 perfectly fits the arc-shaped outer wall of the tube body along the width direction of the handle 1, and smoothly transitions inward along the circumference to connect the upper end of the handle 1 and the outer side of the hinge seat 12, making the overall appearance smooth and the structure strong. An independent power supply component is integrated inside the handle 1 near the bottom. It usually uses a high-density flexible lithium ceramic battery or a flexible battery to be attached to the inner wall to ensure a low center of gravity and not affect the grip. The power supply component supplies power to the thermoelectric module, the micro fan 2, and the flip-up fan 3 at the top of the hinge seat 12 through concealed wiring.

[0052] The top of the hinged base 12 is rotatably connected to a 180° rotatable direct-flow fan 3. This fan 3 uses the principle of a thin centrifugal fan or bladeless fan, with the air outlet facing the athlete's face or chest area. Athletes can rotate the fan 3 to the upward direct-flow position according to actual needs, providing additional cooling for the face and torso in high-intensity interval training or high-temperature environments; when not needed, it can be rotated and folded to fit the handlebar 1, maintaining the overall streamlined appearance. The fan 3 is linked with the pressure and temperature sensors inside the handlebar 1. When a sudden increase in grip force is detected (indicating the start of a sprint or uphill burst of power), the speed of the direct-flow fan 3, the micro-fan 2, and the current of the thermoelectric module are simultaneously increased, forming a "three-in-one" instantaneous strong cooling response: the palm receives enhanced cool air and contact cooling through micro-holes, while the face receives strong direct airflow, achieving simultaneous cooling of the core areas of the whole body, greatly improving thermal comfort and continuous output capability under extreme sports conditions.

[0053] In one embodiment, the upper end face of the hinge seat 12 is provided with a rotating groove 14, and connecting holes are provided on opposite sides of the rotating groove 14. The bottom end of the fan 3 is provided with a connecting block 31 corresponding to the rotating groove 14. A rotating pin 4 passes through the connecting hole, the rotating pin 4 penetrates the connecting block 31, and the rotating pin 4 is interference-fitted with the connecting hole.

[0054] In the above embodiment, the upper surface of the hinge seat 12 is machined with a longitudinal rotating groove 14, and circular connecting holes are symmetrically opened on both sides of the groove. A connecting block 31 is integrally formed at the corresponding position of the fan 3 base, and the thickness of the connecting block 31 is slightly smaller than the width of the groove. The connecting block 31 is placed into the rotating groove 14, and the rotating pin 4 is inserted from one side of the connecting hole, passes through the connecting block 31, and then is interference-fitted with the connecting hole on the other side, so as to achieve both smooth rotation and appropriate damping feel. After the athlete releases the fan at any angle, the fan 3 can stay in the set position without drooping on its own.

[0055] The interference-fit rotating pin 4 structure allows for positioning at any angle within a 180° range without the need for additional springs or locking mechanisms, while also being vibration-resistant and sweat-resistant. The fan 3 integrates a small attitude sensor that senses the current rotation angle and feeds it back to the main control chip. Based on this, the main control chip dynamically adjusts the fan 3's speed curve: automatically entering high-airflow mode when the fan 3 rotates to 90°-150° (optimal direct facial airflow angle); and switching to low-noise mode or standby when retracted (0°-30°). Combined with a pressure-temperature composite sensing system, when an athlete experiences a sudden increase in hand pressure due to strenuous exercise, it not only enhances the airflow and contact cooling intensity at the micro-holes of the handlebar 1, but also automatically allocates total power based on the current angle of the fan 3: if the fan 3 is already rotated for direct airflow, priority is given to ensuring airflow to the face; if the fan 3 is retracted, all the saved power is added to the thermoelectric module and micro-fan 2 in the hand area, achieving optimal global power allocation. This ensures that cooling resources are always concentrated on the most needed area of ​​the body surface, achieving the most efficient active thermal management effect.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for actively cooling the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, characterized in that, include: S1: Provide an active cooling system, which includes a handlebar, a thermoelectric module, and a micro fan. The handlebar is provided with a micro-hole array, and the thermoelectric module and the micro fan are disposed inside the handlebar. S2: Collect temperature and pressure data at the interface between the handlebar and the palm, generate a drive command based on the temperature and pressure data to activate the thermoelectric module with current, and obtain closed-loop feedback of current in each contact zone of the contact interface. S3: Drive the micro fan according to the current closed-loop feedback, and form a dual-drive convection by combining the negative pressure generated by the cold end cooling of the thermoelectric module, and obtain the micro wind intensity of the micro-hole array according to the dual-drive convection. S4: Construct a composite control loop based on temperature data, pressure data, and wind intensity, and acquire pressure data in real time. When the real-time pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, dynamically adjust the drive command according to the composite control loop.

2. The active cooling method for the horizontal handle of sports equipment based on thermoelectric refrigeration according to claim 1 is characterized in that, The inner wall of the horizontal handle is provided with several axial shallow grooves, and several temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves. The contact interface includes four contact zones. The steps for collecting temperature and pressure data at the interface between the handlebar and the palm include: Based on the temperature sensor, the ambient temperature is collected when the handlebars are not held, and an ambient temperature baseline is formed. The pressure data of the handlebar is collected based on the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor, and it is determined whether the pressure data exceeds the preset grip force threshold. If so, the current temperature of the temperature sensor is locked to form a contact temperature baseline. The temperature sensor and the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor are synchronously vectorized based on the ambient temperature baseline and the contact temperature baseline to acquire temperature and pressure data of each contact zone in real time.

3. The active cooling method for the horizontal handle of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating a drive command based on the temperature and pressure data to activate the thermoelectric module and obtain current closed-loop feedback for each contact zone of the contact interface includes: The thermoelectric module is divided into regions based on the four contact zones. The obtained module zones are jointly mapped with the temperature and pressure data of each contact zone to obtain the heat load demand vector of each module zone. Based on the heat load demand vector of each module partition, an independent current target is set for each module partition to form a drive command; The current of each module partition is activated based on the driving command, and the actual current of each module partition is sampled at high frequency to obtain the real-time current feedback of each module partition. The drive command is closed-loop corrected based on the deviation between the real-time current feedback and the target cooling current to obtain the current closed-loop feedback of each contact zone of the contact interface.

4. The active cooling method for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes: The current closed-loop feedback of each contact zone is sorted and weighted in real time to generate a global control signal to perform time-sharing pulse speed regulation on the micro fan, forming an instantaneous push air that is proportional to the cooling of each contact zone. The negative pressure generated by the cooling at the cold end of the thermoelectric module, and the directional acceleration of the pre-cooled air in the handlebars according to the instantaneous push air, form a dual-drive convection. By using the dual-drive convection to eject a micro-wind jet from the micro-orifice array, the dynamic pressure distribution of the micro-wind jet at the outlet of the micro-orifice array is quantified in real time to obtain the micro-wind intensity.

5. The active cooling method for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following S3, the following also includes: The runtime of the micro fan is recorded, and it is determined whether the runtime and temperature data exceed a preset cleaning threshold. If so, a cleaning trigger signal is generated. According to the cleaning trigger signal, reverse current pulses are executed on all module partitions of the thermoelectric module, and the micro fan is driven to run at maximum speed to form a through airflow, which evaporates the condensate in the handle and pushes it out. The reverse current pulse ends after a preset duration, and the thermoelectric module is activated by current based on the drive command.

6. The active cooling method for the horizontal handle of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The condition for determining that the running time and temperature data exceed the preset cleaning threshold is that the running time of the micro fan reaches 5 minutes or the temperature data is higher than 42°C, and the preset duration is 14 seconds.

7. The active cooling method for the cross handle of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes: Temperature data, pressure data and wind intensity are fused into a three-variable vector, and the resulting composite input vector is fed forward to a preset fuzzy inference engine to form a composite control loop. Real-time pressure data is acquired, and when the real-time pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, a pressure mutation signal is generated, which includes the mutation partition identifier, mutation magnitude, and mutation duration. Based on the composite control loop, the drive command is dynamically adjusted according to the pressure change signal.

8. An active cooling system for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling, characterized in that, The device includes a handlebar, with micropore arrays at opposite ends of the handlebar surrounding the handlebar and a mounting chamber formed inside the handlebar. A micro fan extending into the mounting chamber is provided at the bottom of the handlebar, and a thermoelectric module corresponding to the micropore array is provided inside the mounting chamber. The mounting chamber has several shallow grooves along the inner wall of the handlebar. These shallow grooves are distributed along the axial direction of the handlebar, and several temperature sensors and pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors are alternately embedded in the shallow grooves.

9. The active cooling system for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric refrigeration according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper end face of the handlebar is provided with two symmetrical hinge seats. The bottom end of the hinge seat forms an arc-shaped connecting part along the outer periphery. Along the width direction of the handlebar, the arc-shaped connecting part bends to fit the handlebar. Along the circumferential direction of the arc-shaped connecting part, the arc-shaped connecting part is concave and bends to connect the upper end face of the handlebar and the outer periphery of the hinge seat. A power supply component is installed inside the handlebar, and a fan is rotatably connected to the top of the hinge seat. The power supply component is electrically connected to the fan, the micro fan, and the thermoelectric module.

10. The active cooling system for the handlebars of sports equipment based on thermoelectric cooling according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper end face of the hinge seat is provided with a rotating groove, and connecting holes are provided on opposite sides of the rotating groove. The bottom end of the fan is provided with a connecting block corresponding to the rotating groove. A rotating pin passes through the connecting hole, and the rotating pin penetrates the connecting block. The rotating pin is interference-fitted with the connecting hole.

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