Operating room environment parameter wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal

Abstract

The application discloses a terminal for wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring of operating room environment parameters. The monitoring terminal comprises a common-aperture packaging module, a multi-source energy capturing module, a sensing and logic control module, and a high-voltage direct-drive modulation module. The multi-source energy capturing module uses amorphous silicon photovoltaic panels to absorb visible light and output low-voltage direct-current electric energy, and uses a micro cantilever beam type friction nanogenerator to capture vertical laminar air supply kinetic energy and output transient high-voltage electric energy. The sensing and logic control module performs temperature and humidity sampling and differential pressure sampling and generates a digital baseband control sequence with direct-current balance characteristics. The high-voltage direct-drive modulation module directly applies the transient high-voltage electric energy to a micro-electro-mechanical system liquid crystal light valve through a photoelectric isolation interlocking switch, modulates environmental physical quantities onto a near-infrared probe light beam to form a backscattering light signal, and the system uses a diffuse reflection wall surface to construct a multipath reflection channel to overcome the blockage of a straight-line line-of-sight link caused by medical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring and passive wireless sensing technology, specifically a terminal for wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring of operating room environmental parameters. Background Technology

[0002] Operating room environmental parameter monitoring systems are an important part of medical informatization. They mainly provide data support for surgical safety and clean flow field control by acquiring physical indicators such as temperature, humidity and static pressure difference in real time.

[0003] In existing technologies, the acquisition of operating room environmental parameters mainly relies on active wireless sensor nodes deployed on walls or pendants. These nodes are typically powered by chemical batteries and use radio frequency signals to transmit the data collected by the sensors to a central receiving gateway.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies rely on battery energy storage or external power cord wiring. In operating rooms, where the sterile environment requirements are extremely high and the equipment installation space is limited, there are problems such as high maintenance costs, potential environmental pollution during battery replacement, and difficulty in wiring construction. At the same time, because there are shadowless lamps, large medical imaging equipment, and mobile medical staff in the operating room, traditional line-of-sight wireless communication links are easily blocked by these physical entities, resulting in severe signal attenuation or even interruption. This makes it impossible to achieve continuous, reliable, and long-life stable transmission of monitoring data in complex dynamic environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters, comprising the following features: a common aperture packaging module, a multi-source energy harvesting module, a sensing and logic control module, and a high-voltage direct-drive modulation module.

[0006] In terms of specific innovative principles, the monitoring terminal of this invention achieves energy supply through the graded collection of light energy and fluid kinetic energy. The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel in the multi-source energy harvesting module receives visible light transmitted through the common-aperture encapsulation module and outputs low-voltage DC power. A micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator is positioned within a vertical laminar flow field. Because the cantilever substrate is intersected with the flow field direction, the cantilever substrate undergoes bending deformation and periodic mechanical vibration under the thrust of the airflow, driving the first and second dielectric layers, which possess different triboelectric electronegativity, to perform contact and separation cycles, converting fluid kinetic energy into alternating transient high-voltage electrical energy.

[0007] The sensing and logic control module is powered by the low-voltage DC power supply and performs environmental physical quantity acquisition (temperature, humidity, and differential pressure) from the environmental sensor array. The microcontroller encapsulates the environmental physical quantities into data frames and converts them into a digital baseband control sequence with DC balance characteristics using encoding rules. This digital baseband control sequence prevents charge accumulation inside the common-aperture package module by maintaining the average high-level time equal to the average low-level time.

[0008] The high-voltage direct-drive modulation module uses a micro-switch matrix to receive digital baseband control sequences. The opto-isolation coupler inside the micro-switch matrix provides electrical isolation between the low-voltage side of the digital logic and the high-voltage side of the generator, preventing transient high-voltage energy from damaging the microcontroller in the reverse direction. The micro-switch matrix utilizes two high-voltage switching transistors to form an interlocked switch topology, allowing the high-voltage intrinsic output link to directly connect transient high-voltage energy to the common-aperture package module without including a buck converter circuit.

[0009] The common-aperture package module has a stacked optical structure, with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve on the outer side and a two-color beam-splitting dielectric film on the inner side. The MEMS liquid crystal light valve includes a polarizer, a nematic liquid crystal molecular layer, a polarization control electrode, and an alignment layer. The instantaneous driving voltage applied across the polarization control electrode is modulated by the logic state of the digital baseband control sequence.

[0010] When the absolute value of the instantaneous driving voltage exceeds the Fredericks transition threshold voltage of the nematic liquid crystal molecules, the nematic liquid crystal molecules overcome the anchoring energy of the alignment layer and undergo orientation deflection under the action of the electric field torque, causing the optical rotation effect of the nematic liquid crystal molecule layer to disappear. Linearly polarized light formed through the polarizer remains unchanged in polarization state when passing through the nematic liquid crystal molecule layer. After reflection by the two-color beam-splitting film, it penetrates the polarizer again and exits into the external space, resulting in a high reflectivity on the surface of the common aperture encapsulation module. The DC balance characteristic prevents polarization failure of the liquid crystal material. The dynamic overall reflectivity of the common aperture encapsulation module is controlled by the driving voltage. By switching between the electric field driving state and the charge discharge state, environmental physical quantity data is modulated onto the reflected near-infrared interrogation beam, generating a backscattered light signal.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a passive monitoring system for operating room environmental parameters, comprising the following features: the aforementioned monitoring terminal, a receiving gateway, and a diffuse reflective wall.

[0012] In terms of specific innovative principles, the monitoring system of this invention utilizes a non-line-of-sight diffuse reflection path to establish a communication link. The interrogation and transmission array inside the receiving gateway emits a near-infrared interrogation beam into the operating room. The center wavelength of the near-infrared interrogation beam lies within the reflection band of the dual-color beam-splitting dielectric film inside the common-aperture encapsulation module, forming an overlapping illumination light field in the operating room space, serving as an unmodulated carrier light source for generating backscattered light signals.

[0013] The backscattered light signal emitted from the monitoring terminal is projected onto the surface of the diffuse reflection wall. Even when a physical medical device obstructs the line-of-sight link between the monitoring terminal and the receiving gateway, the diffuse reflection wall, made of antibacterial corrugated steel sheet with a micro-roughened surface, generates wide-angle diffuse reflection of the incident light beam. The backscattered light signal undergoes multiple reflections between the diffuse reflection wall and various surfaces within the room, forming a multipath diffuse reflection light signal that spans the obstructed area.

[0014] The total channel gain of a multipath diffusely reflected optical signal arriving at the receiving gateway is equal to the sum of the sub-gains contributed by multiple effective reflective surface elements. The diffuse channel gain of a specific reflective surface element is proportional to its diffuse reflectivity, its physical area, and the effective receiving area of ​​the receiver. Simultaneously, the diffuse channel gain of the specific reflective surface element is proportional to the cosine of the incident angle of the optical signal arriving at and leaving the reflective surface element, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the transmitter to the reflective surface element and the square of the distance from the reflective surface element to the receiver.

[0015] The spatial detection receiving array within the receiving gateway comprises multiple photodetector units oriented at different spatial angles. These photodetector units are connected in parallel on the electrical circuitry, each capturing multipath diffuse reflection light signals arriving via different paths. This parallel connection structure allows the photocurrent signals output by each photodetector unit to be summed at the physical convergence node, forming a total photocurrent signal, thus achieving spatial diversity energy collection. The transimpedance amplifier circuit in the signal conditioning and demodulation unit converts and amplifies the total photocurrent signal into a voltage signal, and a bandpass filter circuit filters out out-of-band noise, ultimately reconstructing the environmental physical quantities.

[0016] This invention provides a wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention integrates an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and a micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator into a monitoring terminal through a common aperture encapsulation module. The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel absorbs the visible light emitted by the shadowless lamp and converts it into low-voltage DC power to maintain the continuous operation of the sensing and logic control modules. At the same time, the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator captures the kinetic energy of the airflow generated by the vertical laminar flow in the operating room and converts it into transient high-voltage power to directly drive the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system. This achieves long-term passive online monitoring of operating room environmental parameters without external battery power supply or cable connection.

[0017] 2. This invention uses a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve to modulate the physical quantity information collected by the environmental sensor array onto a near-infrared interrogation beam to form a backscattered light signal. The micro-rough surface structure of the operating room's diffuse reflective wall is used to perform multiple diffuse reflections on the backscattered light signal to construct a multipath non-line-of-sight transmission channel. In conjunction with multiple photoelectric detection units distributed at different spatial angles within the receiving gateway, spatial diversity reception and current aggregation are performed, achieving highly reliable wireless transmission of environmental monitoring data in complex environments where medical equipment or medical personnel obstruct the line-of-sight link.

[0018] 3. This invention uses a microcontroller to execute Manchester encoding logic with DC balance characteristics to ensure that the digital baseband control sequence maintains time symmetry between the average high level and the average low level when driving the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system. This effectively eliminates the risk of polarization failure of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer caused by unidirectional DC bias. At the same time, it uses the opto-isolation coupler inside the micro-switch matrix to establish physical isolation between the low-voltage sensing side and the high-voltage direct drive side, achieving a reliable operating effect of protecting the microcontroller from high-voltage reverse voltage breakdown damage while using transient high-voltage power to directly drive the electro-optic modulation unit. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters, including a receiving gateway, a monitoring terminal, and a diffuse reflection wall.

[0022] The receiving gateway is located at the periphery of the clean air supply ceiling in the operating room. The gateway is configured to emit a near-infrared interrogation beam into the operating room and receive backscattered light signals carrying environmental parameter data. The gateway establishes a communication connection with the hospital information system to transmit the demodulated and restored environmental parameter data.

[0023] The monitoring terminal is fixedly deployed on the diffuse reflection wall or the external surface of the equipment tower 600. The monitoring terminal is within the diffuse reflection light illumination range of the operating room's shadowless lamp, and is also located in the flow field path of the vertical laminar air supply covered downwards by the clean air supply ceiling.

[0024] The internal hardware topology of the monitoring terminal includes a common aperture packaging module, a multi-source energy harvesting module, a sensing and logic control module, and a high-voltage direct-drive modulation module. The common aperture packaging module is located on the light-receiving side of the monitoring terminal's casing and is configured to perform wavelength-based separation on the incident light beam reaching the surface of the common aperture packaging module. The incident light beam includes visible light emitted by the shadowless lamp and near-infrared interrogation beam emitted by the receiving gateway.

[0025] The multi-source energy harvesting module includes an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and a micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator. The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel receives the visible light transmitted from the common-aperture encapsulation module and outputs low-voltage DC power. The micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator is installed inside the ventilation grille of the monitoring terminal and is configured to generate transient high-voltage power through the aerodynamic action of vertical laminar airflow.

[0026] The high-voltage direct-drive modulation module is connected in the electrical circuit between the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator and the common-aperture packaging module. The sensing and logic control module is powered by low-voltage DC power output from the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and is configured to collect environmental physical quantities such as temperature, humidity, and pressure difference, and output a control sequence to the high-voltage direct-drive modulation module. The high-voltage direct-drive modulation module receives the control sequence and applies the transient high-voltage electrical energy generated by the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator to the common-aperture packaging module to change the reflection state of the near-infrared interrogation beam by the common-aperture packaging module.

[0027] The diffuse reflection wall is a metal panel structure with infrared reflective properties. The diffuse reflection wall is configured to diffusely reflect the modulated infrared light signal emitted from the monitoring terminal. When there is line-of-sight obstruction between the receiving gateway and the monitoring terminal, the infrared light signal undergoes multiple reflections through the surface of the diffuse reflection wall before reaching the detection and reception area of ​​the receiving gateway.

[0028] The monitoring terminal provided by this invention includes: a common aperture packaging module, a multi-source energy harvesting module, a sensing and logic control module, and a high-voltage direct-drive modulation module.

[0029] The common-aperture encapsulation module is located on the external light-receiving side of the monitoring terminal. The module consists of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve and a two-color beam-splitting dielectric film stacked together. The MEMS liquid crystal light valve is located on the outermost light-receiving surface of the monitoring terminal, and the two-color beam-splitting dielectric film is located inside the MEMS liquid crystal light valve. The MEMS liquid crystal light valve is configured to allow transmission of visible light and adjust the transmittance of the near-infrared band according to the state of the polarization control electrode. The two-color beam-splitting dielectric film is configured to transmit visible light and reflect near-infrared light. The near-infrared interrogation beam sequentially penetrates the MEMS liquid crystal light valve, is reflected by the two-color beam-splitting dielectric film, and then penetrates the MEMS liquid crystal light valve again before exiting.

[0030] The multi-source energy harvesting module comprises an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and a micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator. The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel is arranged on the inner bottom layer of the two-color beam-splitting dielectric film and is configured to receive visible light that passes sequentially through the microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve and the two-color beam-splitting dielectric film, and convert the visible light into low-voltage DC electrical energy.

[0031] The miniature cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator in the multi-source energy harvesting module comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer, which possess different triboelectronities. Vertical laminar airflow disturbances affect the miniature cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator, driving the first and second dielectric layers to periodically contact and separate, thereby outputting alternating transient high-voltage electrical energy. The high-voltage output terminal of the miniature cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator is electrically connected to the high-voltage direct-drive modulation module.

[0032] The sensing and logic control module includes a low-power power management circuit, an environmental sensor array, and a microcontroller. The input of the low-power power management circuit is connected to the output of the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel. The regulated output of the low-power power management circuit is connected to the power input of both the environmental sensor array and the microcontroller.

[0033] The environmental sensor array is configured to collect real-time data on temperature, humidity, and differential pressure within the operating room. The microcontroller reads the sampled data from the environmental sensor array via a bus interface and encodes the sampled data into a digital baseband control sequence.

[0034] The high-voltage direct-drive modulation module includes a microswitch matrix. The logic control terminals of the microswitch matrix are connected to the digital output pins of the microcontroller. The high-voltage input terminals of the microswitch matrix are connected to the high-voltage output terminals of the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator. The drive output terminals of the microswitch matrix are connected to the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve.

[0035] The digital baseband control sequence output by the microcontroller acts on the logic control terminal of the micro-switch matrix. Based on the logic level state of the digital baseband control sequence, the micro-switch matrix controls the transient high-voltage electrical energy output from the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator to be input into the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve. Under the influence of the electric field generated by the transient high-voltage electrical energy, the microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve changes the polarization state of its internal liquid crystal molecules, adjusting the transmittance of the microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve to the near-infrared interrogation beam. Combined with the reflection effect of the two-color beam-splitting dielectric film on the near-infrared band, this changes the overall reflectivity of the common aperture encapsulation module to the near-infrared interrogation beam, thus completing the modulation of the environmental sensor array sampling data into a backscattered light signal.

[0036] This invention provides a working process for a passive monitoring system for operating room environmental parameters, comprising: The receiving gateway emits a near-infrared interrogation beam into the operating room, while the operating room lamp emits visible light. The near-infrared interrogation beam and the visible light are incident on the common-aperture encapsulation module of the monitoring terminal.

[0037] The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve within the common aperture package module allows visible light to pass through and transmits near-infrared interrogation beams. A two-color beam-splitting dielectric film transmits visible light and reflects the near-infrared interrogation beams that have penetrated the MEMS liquid crystal light valve back to it.

[0038] The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel receives visible light that passes through a two-color beam-splitting film and outputs low-voltage DC power. A low-power power management circuit regulates the low-voltage DC power and supplies it to an environmental sensor array and a microcontroller.

[0039] The vertical laminar airflow field acts on the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator. The first and second dielectric layers within the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator come into contact and separate, generating transient high-voltage electrical energy, which is then output to the micro-switch matrix within the high-voltage direct-drive modulation module.

[0040] An environmental sensor array collects environmental physical quantities such as temperature, humidity, and pressure difference, and transmits these quantities to a microcontroller. The microcontroller performs analog-to-digital conversion and encoding of the environmental physical quantities, generates a digital baseband control sequence, and outputs the digital baseband control sequence to the logic control terminal of the microswitch matrix.

[0041] The micro-switch matrix receives the digital baseband control sequence. When the digital baseband control sequence is in the first logic level state, the micro-switch matrix is ​​turned on, applying transient high-voltage electrical energy to the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal optical valve. Under the influence of the electric field generated by the transient high-voltage electrical energy, the MEMS liquid crystal optical valve changes its polarization state, thereby altering its transmittance to the near-infrared interrogation beam.

[0042] When the digital baseband control sequence is in the second logic level state, the microswitch matrix disconnects the input of transient high-voltage power and connects the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve to the discharge terminal to release the charge. The internal electric field of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve disappears, restoring the initial polarization state.

[0043] The overall reflectivity of the near-infrared interrogation beam in the common aperture packaging module changes periodically with the transmittance of the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system. The digital baseband control sequence carrying environmental physical quantity data is modulated onto the reflected near-infrared interrogation beam to form a backscattered light signal.

[0044] Backscattered light signals are emitted from the monitoring terminal. Under conditions of line-of-sight obstruction, the backscattered light signals are projected onto a diffuse reflection wall. The diffuse reflection wall performs multiple diffuse reflections on the backscattered light signals, forming a multipath beam that reaches the receiving gateway.

[0045] The receiving gateway receives the multipath beam, converts it into an electrical signal for amplification and demodulation, restores the environmental physical quantity data, and transmits the environmental physical quantity data to the hospital information system.

[0046] The optical surface of the monitoring terminal is arranged in a stacked structure. From the outside to the inside, it consists of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve, a two-color beam-splitting dielectric film, and an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel. The MEMS liquid crystal light valve and the two-color beam-splitting dielectric film are bonded together with optically transparent adhesive. The two-color beam-splitting dielectric film is tightly attached to the light-receiving surface of the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel, forming a common aperture optical path channel in the vertical direction.

[0047] The dual-color beam-splitting dielectric film is formed by alternating deposition of high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index material layers. The film thickness and periodic structure are configured to exhibit transmission characteristics in the first wavelength band and reflection characteristics in the second wavelength band. The first wavelength band corresponds to the visible light band emitted by the shadowless lamp. The second wavelength band corresponds to the near-infrared interrogation beam band emitted by the receiving gateway.

[0048] The first wave of light passes sequentially through the microelectromechanical system's liquid crystal light valve and the dual-color beam-splitting film, reaching the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel. The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel absorbs the first wave of light and performs photoelectric conversion to output direct current power.

[0049] The near-infrared interrogation beam emitted by the receiving gateway is incident on the monitoring terminal from the outside. After penetrating the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve, the near-infrared interrogation beam reaches the surface of the two-color beam-splitting film. The reflective properties of the two-color beam-splitting film block the near-infrared interrogation beam from propagating towards the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and reflect it towards the MEMS liquid crystal light valve. The reflected near-infrared beam then passes through the MEMS liquid crystal light valve again and exits into the external space of the monitoring terminal.

[0050] The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve internally comprises a polarizer and a nematic liquid crystal layer. The nematic liquid crystal layer is deflected under the influence of a voltage and electric field applied by a polarization control electrode. This deflection alters the polarization state of the near-infrared interrogation beam passing through it. This altered polarization results in a change in the transmitted light intensity as the near-infrared interrogation beam passes through the polarizer, thus changing the transmittance of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve for the second wavelength band. The near-infrared beam experiences transmission attenuation during its two penetrations of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve. The degree of transmission attenuation determines the magnitude of the change in the overall reflectivity of the common-aperture package module surface. Through a spatially stacked structure, the common-aperture package module simultaneously achieves visible light transmission and near-infrared light intensity modulation on the same physical light-receiving area.

[0051] The micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator provided by the present invention includes: a cantilever substrate, a fixed substrate, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, and an output wire.

[0052] A miniature cantilevered triboelectric nanogenerator is arranged in the ventilation grille area of ​​the monitoring terminal's outer casing. One end of the cantilever substrate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring terminal's outer casing, forming a fixed structure. The other end of the cantilever substrate extends into the interior space of the outer casing, forming a free end capable of deformation, and the surface of the cantilever substrate is arranged intersecting the flow field direction of the vertical laminar airflow. The fixed substrate is rigidly fixed inside the monitoring terminal's outer casing. The fixed substrate and the cantilever substrate are arranged parallel to each other.

[0053] A first electrode layer is attached to the surface of the cantilever substrate facing the fixed substrate. A first dielectric layer covers the surface of the first electrode layer. A second electrode layer is attached to the surface of the fixed substrate facing the cantilever substrate. A second dielectric layer covers the surface of the second electrode layer. An initial physical gap exists between the surfaces of the first and second dielectric layers. Each of the first and second electrode layers is connected to an output wire. The output wires extend to the exterior of the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0054] The first and second dielectric layers are made of materials with different triboelectric properties. The first dielectric layer is made of a fluoropolymer, and the second dielectric layer is made of a polyamide. The electron affinity of the first dielectric layer is greater than that of the second dielectric layer.

[0055] The vertical laminar airflow in the operating room enters the internal flow channel through the ventilation grille of the monitoring terminal's outer casing. The airflow energy of the vertical laminar airflow directly acts on the surface of the cantilever substrate. Because the cantilever substrate and the airflow are arranged in a cross-flow obstruction configuration, the airflow thrust causes the cantilever substrate to bend and deform towards the fixed substrate.

[0056] The first dielectric layer moves with the cantilever substrate and comes into physical contact with the second dielectric layer. Due to the difference in electron affinity between the surfaces of the different materials, electrons transfer from the surface of the second dielectric layer to the surface of the first dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer carries a negative charge, and the second dielectric layer carries a positive charge. In this state, the opposite charges on the surfaces of the first and second dielectric layers are balanced, and no potential difference is generated between the first and second electrode layers.

[0057] The cantilever substrate undergoes a reverse motion under the elastic restoring force of the material. The first and second dielectric layers physically separate. The spatial gap between the first and second dielectric layers increases, disrupting the electrostatic equilibrium at the contact interface. Unneutralized static charges on the surfaces of the first and second dielectric layers establish a distributed electric field in the surrounding space. Electrostatic induction drives free electrons to move through the output wires in the external electrical loop between the first and second electrode layers to balance the spatial potential difference caused by the separation of charges on the friction surfaces.

[0058] As the cantilever substrate undergoes continuous periodic vibration driven by vertical laminar airflow, the first and second dielectric layers experience a continuous cycle of contact and separation. The micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator converts the kinetic energy of the vertical laminar airflow into alternating transient high-voltage electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the high-voltage direct-drive modulation module via output wires.

[0059] The asymmetric hierarchical power supply architecture of the monitoring terminal provided by the present invention includes: a low-voltage regulated power supply link and a high-voltage intrinsic output link.

[0060] The energy input of the low-voltage regulated power supply link is an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel. The output of the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to the input of the low-power power management circuit. The low-power power management circuit integrates low-voltage DC energy storage components and a voltage regulator. The fluctuating DC power output from the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel enters the low-power power management circuit, which converts the fluctuating DC power into stable low-voltage DC power and outputs it.

[0061] The power input terminals of the environmental sensor array and the microcontroller are connected in parallel to the regulated output terminal of the low-power power management circuit. The environmental sensor array and the microcontroller operate on low-voltage DC power to perform tasks such as environmental physical quantity acquisition and logic operations.

[0062] The energy input terminal of the high-voltage intrinsic output link is a miniature cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator. The output wires of the miniature cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator are directly connected to the high-voltage input terminal of the micro-switch matrix. The circuit structure of the high-voltage intrinsic output link does not include a step-down converter circuit. The transient high-voltage electrical energy output by the miniature cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator is directly transmitted to the micro-switch matrix as a high-voltage bias source without impedance transformation.

[0063] The drive output of the microswitch matrix is ​​connected to the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve. An opto-isolation coupler is integrated within the microswitch matrix. The microcontroller operates on a low-voltage regulated power supply link, and its digital baseband control sequence is applied to the logic control terminal of the microswitch matrix. The opto-isolation coupler converts the electrical signal of the digital baseband control sequence into an optical signal and then back into a switch drive signal, thus creating electrical isolation between the low-voltage regulated power supply link and the high-voltage intrinsic output link at the microswitch matrix, preventing transient high-voltage energy from damaging the microcontroller in the reverse direction. The MEMS liquid crystal light valve and the microswitch matrix are located on the high-voltage intrinsic output link.

[0064] The liquid crystal light valve in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) exhibits capacitive load characteristics in its physical circuitry. The polarization state reversal of the MEMS light valve depends on an externally applied high-voltage electric field, and its steady-state operating current is extremely small. The high-voltage intrinsic output link utilizes transient high-voltage electrical energy to match the driving requirements of the MEMS light valve, directly using the high voltage obtained from the conversion of mechanical energy as the driving bias voltage for the MEMS light valve.

[0065] The asymmetric hierarchical power supply architecture uses two independent circuit paths to match the output electrical characteristics of the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator, respectively. The low-voltage characteristics of the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel meet the constant power supply requirements of the microcontroller and environmental sensor array, while the high-voltage characteristics of the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator meet the electrostatic actuation requirements of the liquid crystal light valve in the microelectromechanical system. The low-voltage regulated power supply link and the high-voltage intrinsic output link are coordinated across links during the data modulation process through a micro-switch matrix.

[0066] The environmental sensor array integrates temperature sensing, humidity sensing, and differential pressure sensing units. It is positioned within the flow space at the interface between the monitoring terminal's casing and the external environment. The array samples the physical quantities of the operating room environment in which the monitoring terminal is located, acquiring temperature, humidity, and differential pressure.

[0067] The environmental sensor array contains an analog-to-digital converter circuit. It converts the acquired temperature, humidity, and pressure differential quantities into digital environmental sampling data. The microcontroller integrates a digital communication bus interface. This interface is physically connected to the data output of the environmental sensor array. The microcontroller reads the environmental sampling data output by the sensor array through the digital communication bus interface according to a preset sampling period.

[0068] The microcontroller internally contains a data processing logic unit. After reading the environmental sampling data, the microcontroller encapsulates the environmental sampling data into a data frame according to a preset data frame format. The data frame format includes a preamble synchronization character segment, a payload data segment, and a cyclic redundancy check segment. The microcontroller fills the environmental sampling data bit by bit into the payload data segment, calculates and generates the corresponding checksum based on the content of the payload data segment, and then fills the checksum into the cyclic redundancy check segment to generate a complete data frame.

[0069] The microcontroller performs digital baseband encoding on the packaged data frame. Using Manchester encoding rules, the microcontroller converts the binary bit stream in the data frame into a digital baseband control sequence with DC-balanced characteristics. This digital baseband control sequence has equal average high-level and low-level times. By outputting this DC-balanced digital baseband control sequence, the microcontroller drives the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve to alternate between high-voltage conduction and discharge in a time-symmetrical manner, preventing polarization failure of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer inside the MEMS liquid crystal light valve due to continuous unidirectional DC bias. The digital baseband control sequence consists of alternating high and low levels. A high level in the digital baseband control sequence corresponds to the first logic level state, and a low level corresponds to the second logic level state.

[0070] The microcontroller is equipped with dedicated general-purpose input / output (GPIO) pins. These GPIO pins are electrically connected to the logic control terminals of the microswitch matrix. Driven by its internal clock, the microcontroller sequentially outputs the generated digital baseband control sequence to the microswitch matrix via these GPIO pins. The level-to-level timing of the digital baseband control sequence directly maps to the physical switching timing of the microswitch matrix between its on and off states.

[0071] The micro-switch matrix provided by the present invention includes: an opto-isolation coupler, a first high-voltage switch, a second high-voltage switch, and a discharge grounding terminal.

[0072] The input side of the opto-isolated coupler is electrically connected to the general-purpose input / output pins of the microcontroller. The first and second high-voltage switching transistors are high-voltage field-effect transistors, each containing a gate, drain, and source. The output side of the opto-isolated coupler includes a non-inverting output and an inverting output. The non-inverting output of the opto-isolated coupler is connected to the gate of the first high-voltage switching transistor, and the inverting output is connected to the gate of the second high-voltage switching transistor.

[0073] The drain of the first high-voltage switch is connected to the output lead of the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator. The source of the first high-voltage switch is connected to the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal optical valve. The drain of the second high-voltage switch is connected to the polarization control electrode of the MEMS liquid crystal optical valve. The source of the second high-voltage switch is connected to the discharge ground terminal.

[0074] The microcontroller outputs a digital baseband control sequence at the first logic level to the input side of the opto-isolation coupler. The opto-isolation coupler receives the electrical signal of this digital baseband control sequence, performs opto-conversion isolation, and then outputs a high-level drive signal from its non-inverting output and a low-level drive signal from its inverting output.

[0075] The first high-voltage switch enters the conducting state under the action of a high-level drive signal, while the second high-voltage switch enters the de-energized state under the action of a low-level drive signal. The transient high-voltage electrical energy generated by the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator is transmitted to the polarization control electrode of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal optical valve via the conducting first high-voltage switch. Under the action of the high-voltage electric field established by the polarization control electrode, the MEMS liquid crystal optical valve performs polarization state reversal.

[0076] The microcontroller outputs a digital baseband control sequence at the second logic level to the input side of the opto-isolation coupler. After opto-isolation by conversion, the opto-isolation coupler outputs a low-level drive signal from the non-inverting output and a high-level drive signal from the inverting output. The first high-voltage switch enters the off state under the action of the low-level drive signal, cutting off the electrical connection path between the micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator and the microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve.

[0077] Simultaneously, the second high-voltage switch enters the conducting state under the action of a high-level drive signal. The polarization control electrode of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve is connected to the discharge ground terminal via the conducting second high-voltage switch. The static charge accumulated at the polarization control electrode of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve flows into the discharge ground terminal and is released. The potential difference across the polarization control electrode of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve drops to zero, restoring the initial polarization state.

[0078] The first and second high-voltage switching transistors form an interlocked switching topology. This interlocked switching topology, combined with the high-voltage output characteristics of the micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator, creates a high-voltage direct-drive link that does not include a step-down converter circuit or energy storage capacitor. The micro-switch matrix controls the physical switching of the microelectromechanical system's liquid crystal light valve between an electric field-driven state and a charge-discharge state by receiving level flips from the digital baseband control sequence.

[0079] This invention provides an internal structure for a liquid crystal light valve in a microelectromechanical system, comprising: a polarizer, a nematic liquid crystal molecule layer, a polarization control electrode, and an orientation layer.

[0080] Polarization control electrodes are distributed on both sides of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer, forming a parallel electrode structure. Orientation layers are attached to the inner surfaces of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer on both sides, facing the polarization control electrodes.

[0081] A polarizer is attached to the outer light-receiving surface of the nematic liquid crystal layer. A two-color beam-splitting dielectric film is disposed on the inner back side of the nematic liquid crystal layer.

[0082] The polarization control electrode is electrically connected to the drive output terminal of the microswitch matrix. The microswitch matrix receives the digital baseband control sequence output by the microcontroller. Transient high-voltage electrical energy output by a micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator Connect the polarization control electrode.

[0083] Instantaneous driving voltage applied across the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system Satisfy the following formula: When the digital baseband control sequence When in the second logic level state, instantaneous drive voltage The value is zero. The nematic liquid crystal molecules within the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer are held in their initial twisted orientation state by the anchoring energy of the alignment layer.

[0084] The near-infrared interrogation beam emitted by the receiving gateway penetrates the polarizer to form linearly polarized light. When the linearly polarized light passes through the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light rotates due to the twisted structure of the nematic liquid crystal molecules.

[0085] The rotated linearly polarized light is reflected by the two-color beam-splitting film and penetrates the nematic liquid crystal layer again. After this second penetration, the polarization direction of the near-infrared interferometer beam is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizer. The polarizer absorbs and blocks the near-infrared interferometer beam. The surface of the common-aperture packaged module exhibits a low-reflectance background.

[0086] When the digital baseband control sequence When in the first logic level state, a high-voltage electric field is established across the polarization control electrode, causing the instantaneous drive voltage to... The absolute value exceeds the Fredericks transition threshold voltage of the nematic liquid crystal molecule. .

[0087] Nematic liquid crystal molecules overcome the anchoring energy and undergo orientation deflection under the action of electric field torque. The long axis of the nematic liquid crystal molecules is aligned parallel to the direction of the electric field, resulting in the disappearance of the optical rotation effect of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer.

[0088] Linearly polarized light passing through a polarizer retains its polarization state when it passes through a nematic liquid crystal layer where its orientation has been reversed. The linearly polarized light is then reflected by a two-color beam-splitting thin film and re-penetrates the nematic liquid crystal layer.

[0089] The polarization direction of linearly polarized light is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer. The linearly polarized light passes through the polarizer and exits into the external space of the monitoring terminal. The surface of the common-aperture package module exhibits high reflectivity.

[0090] Dynamic reflectivity of liquid crystal light valves in microelectromechanical systems Response to instantaneous drive voltage The change in reflectance. The reflectance corresponding to the low background reflectance state is defined as... The reflectivity corresponding to the high reflectivity state is .

[0091] Modulation depth parameters Satisfy the formula Using step functions Dynamic reflectivity The physical model is expressed as: The digital baseband control sequence output by the microcontroller directly drives the deflection of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer by controlling the establishment and elimination of the high voltage electric field, so that the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system maps the environmental sampling data into changes in the intensity amplitude of the backscattered light signal.

[0092] The transmitting structure of the receiving gateway provided by the present invention includes: a polling transmitting array.

[0093] The interrogation transmitter array is positioned on the bottom surface of the receiving gateway facing the interior space of the operating room. The interrogation transmitter array includes multiple infrared LEDs, multiple wide-angle lens groups, and constant current drive circuitry.

[0094] The output of the constant current drive circuit is connected to the power input of multiple infrared LEDs. The constant current drive circuit outputs a constant DC current to the multiple infrared LEDs.

[0095] Multiple infrared LEDs emit near-infrared interrogation beams under constant DC current. The center wavelength of the near-infrared interrogation beams is located within the reflection band of the dual-color beam-splitting dielectric film inside the common aperture package module, and the wavelength range of the near-infrared interrogation beams avoids the visible light band emitted by the shadowless lamp.

[0096] Multiple wide-angle lens groups are fixed to the light-emitting side of multiple infrared LEDs. The near-infrared interrogation beam passes through the multiple wide-angle lens groups, causing the multiple wide-angle lens groups to perform beam divergence angle expansion on the near-infrared interrogation beam.

[0097] The receiving gateways are distributed and fixed along the periphery of the cleanroom air supply ceiling. The near-infrared interrogation beam emitted by the interrogation transmitter array, after divergence angle expansion, is projected downwards into the interior space of the operating room.

[0098] Near-infrared interrogation beams from different infrared LEDs form spatially overlapping illumination fields within the operating room. The coverage area of ​​the illumination field includes the external light-receiving surface of the monitoring terminal and the surface area of ​​the diffuse reflection wall.

[0099] The interrogation emission array continuously outputs a near-infrared interrogation beam during the operation of the passive monitoring system for operating room environmental parameters. The continuous near-infrared interrogation beam is incident on the common aperture encapsulation module of the monitoring terminal, serving as the unmodulated carrier light source for the backscattered light signal generated by the monitoring terminal.

[0100] The diffuse reflective wall and non-line-of-sight communication channel mechanism provided by this invention includes: a diffuse reflective wall and a space detection receiving array.

[0101] The receiving gateway contains a space probe receiving array. This array is located on the bottom surface of the receiving gateway, adjacent to the interrogation transmitting array. The space probe receiving array comprises multiple photoelectric detection units oriented at different spatial angles.

[0102] The surface material of the diffuse reflection wall is an antibacterial color steel plate with a set micro-roughness. The micro-rough surface structure of the diffuse reflection wall is configured to perform Lambertian diffuse reflection on near-infrared light beams projected onto the diffuse reflection wall.

[0103] The monitoring terminal emits modulated backscattered light signals into the external space through a common aperture encapsulation module. The backscattered light signals exhibit spatial divergence.

[0104] In non-line-of-sight conditions where there is physical medical equipment or personnel obstructing the view between the monitoring terminal and the receiving gateway, the line-of-sight communication link between the monitoring terminal and the spatial detection receiving array is blocked. The emitted backscattered light signal is projected onto the surface of the diffuse reflection wall.

[0105] The diffuse reflection wall surface scatters the incident backscattered light signal into the hemispherical space, forming a first-order diffuse reflection signal. The first-order diffuse reflection signal undergoes multiple reflections between the diffuse reflection wall surface, floor, and equipment surface inside the operating room, generating a multipath diffuse reflection light signal.

[0106] Multipath diffuse reflection light signals cross physically obstructed areas and are projected upwards onto the clean air supply ceiling area. (The text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information.) One effective reflective surface micro-element. The area of ​​each infinitesimal element is , No. The diffuse reflectance of a micro-element surface is .

[0107] Monitoring terminal to micro element The distance is Backscattered light signal reaches micro element The angle of incidence is . micro dollar The distance to the space probe receiving array is The diffusely reflected light signal leaves the micro-element The reflection angle is .

[0108] The effective physical receiving area of ​​the space probe receiving array is Neglecting multipath dispersion effects, the first-order diffuse reflection channel gain... The DC channel model satisfies the following formula: The instantaneous photopower of the backscattered light signal emitted by the monitoring terminal is Instantaneous received optical power captured at the space probe receiving array With instantaneous power and diffuse reflection channel gain Positively correlated, instantaneous received optical power Instantaneous power and diffuse reflection channel gain The following formula applies between them: The space probe receiving array receives multipath diffuse reflection light signals. The multipath optical reflection channel formed by the diffuse reflection wall overcomes the blockage of line-of-sight communication links by utilizing multiple surface reflection paths.

[0109] The space detection receiving array collects light energy arriving at each reflection path in a spatial diversity manner through multiple photoelectric detection units distributed at different spatial angles, maintaining the backscatter data transmission link between the monitoring terminal and the receiving gateway.

[0110] In conjunction with the above embodiments, the photoelectric receiving and signal processing structure of the receiving gateway provided by the present invention includes: a space detection receiving array and a signal conditioning and demodulation unit.

[0111] The space detection receiver array contains multiple photoelectric detection units oriented at different spatial angles. These photoelectric detection units are distributed on the bottom surface of the receiving gateway facing the interior space of the operating room.

[0112] The photodetector unit receives multipath diffuse reflection light signals generated by the diffuse reflection wall surface. The photodetector unit converts the optical power of the multipath diffuse reflection light signals into a weak photocurrent signal.

[0113] Instantaneous current value of the photocurrent signal output by a single photodetector unit With the captured instantaneous received optical power Satisfy the following formula: in, This refers to the physical photoelectric responsivity of the photoelectric detection unit.

[0114] The signal conditioning and demodulation unit includes a transimpedance amplifier circuit, a bandpass filter circuit, and a demodulation and data restoration module.

[0115] The electrical outputs of multiple photodetectors are connected in parallel. The photocurrent signals output by the multiple photodetectors are combined at the physical node to form a total photocurrent signal.

[0116] The input terminal of the transimpedance amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the common parallel terminal of multiple photodetector units. The transimpedance amplifier circuit receives the total photocurrent signal. The instantaneous current value of the total photocurrent signal is defined as... .

[0117] The transimpedance amplifier circuit converts and amplifies the total photocurrent signal into a voltage signal. The conversion and amplification process satisfies the following formula: in, This is the equivalent transimpedance gain parameter of the transimpedance amplifier circuit.

[0118] The input of the bandpass filter circuit is connected to the output of the transimpedance amplifier circuit. The voltage signal output by the transimpedance amplifier circuit... The circuit is internally affected by low-frequency background light interference from operating room lighting fixtures and thermal noise from the circuit itself.

[0119] The center frequency and passband width of the bandpass filter circuit are configured to cover the Manchester-coded spectrum range of the digital baseband control sequence generated by the microcontroller. The bandpass filter circuit filters out voltage signals. The out-of-band noise component in the signal is used to output an analog baseband signal.

[0120] The analog input of the demodulation and data restoration module is connected to the output of the bandpass filter circuit. The demodulation and data restoration module internally includes an analog-to-digital converter circuit.

[0121] The analog-to-digital converter circuit performs discretization level sampling on the analog baseband signal output by the bandpass filter circuit, and combines it with the set decision threshold voltage to restore the continuous analog baseband signal into a discrete digital baseband control sequence.

[0122] The demodulation and data restoration module contains a digital logic operation unit. This unit performs Manchester decoding on the recovered digital baseband control sequence, removing the preamble and cyclic redundancy check segments to extract the payload data segment.

[0123] The demodulation and data restoration module restores the ambient physical quantities of room temperature, humidity, and pressure difference collected by the monitoring terminal based on the binary sequence information within the payload data segment.

[0124] The receiving gateway sends the reconstructed environmental physical quantity data to the hospital information system through the communication network interface.

[0125] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters, characterized in that, include: A common aperture encapsulation module is located on the external light-facing side of the monitoring terminal and is configured to perform wavelength-based separation of the incident light beam reaching the surface, the incident light beam including visible light and near-infrared interrogation beam; A multi-source energy harvesting module includes an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel and a micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator. The amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel is configured to receive visible light that penetrates the common aperture encapsulation module and output low-voltage DC power. The micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator is configured to generate transient high-voltage power through the aerodynamic thrust of vertical laminar airflow. The sensing and logic control module includes an environmental sensor array and a microcontroller. The sensing and logic control module is powered by the low-voltage DC power and is configured to collect environmental physical quantities such as temperature, humidity and pressure difference by the environmental sensor array, and output a digital baseband control sequence by the microcontroller. A high-voltage direct-drive modulation module is connected in the electrical circuit between the micro cantilever beam triboelectric nanogenerator and the common aperture packaging module. It is configured to receive the digital baseband control sequence and apply the transient high-voltage electrical energy to the common aperture packaging module to change the overall reflectivity of the common aperture packaging module to the near-infrared interrogation beam, thereby generating a backscattered light signal carrying the environmental physical quantities.

2. The wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The common aperture packaging module is composed of a microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve and a two-color beam-splitting dielectric film stack; The microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve is located on the outermost light-receiving surface, the dual-color beam-splitting dielectric film is located inside the microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve, and the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel is arranged on the inner bottom layer of the dual-color beam-splitting dielectric film. The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid crystal light valve is configured to allow visible light transmission and adjust the transmittance of the near-infrared interrogation beam according to the state of the polarization control pole of the MEMS liquid crystal light valve; the dichromatic beam-splitting film is configured to transmit visible light and reflect the near-infrared interrogation beam; the near-infrared interrogation beam sequentially passes through the MEMS liquid crystal light valve, is reflected by the dichromatic beam-splitting film, and then passes through the MEMS liquid crystal light valve again before exiting.

3. The wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microelectromechanical system liquid crystal light valve includes a polarizer, a nematic liquid crystal molecule layer, a polarization control electrode, and an orientation layer; The polarization control electrodes are distributed on both sides of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer, the alignment layers are respectively attached to the inner surfaces of the polarization control electrodes on both sides facing the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer, and the polarizer is attached to the outer light-receiving surface of the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer. When a high-voltage electric field is established at both ends of the polarization control electrode, the nematic liquid crystal molecules in the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer undergo orientation deflection, so that the polarization state of the linearly polarized light formed by penetrating the polarizer remains unchanged when passing through the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer, and the surface of the common aperture encapsulation module exhibits a high reflectivity state.

4. The wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator includes a cantilever substrate, a fixed substrate, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer. The surface of the cantilever substrate is arranged to intersect with the flow field direction of the vertical laminar air supply, and the airflow thrust causes the cantilever substrate to bend and deform towards the fixed substrate. The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer have different triboelectric negatives. Driven by the continuous periodic vibration of the cantilever substrate, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer undergo continuous contact and separation cycles, converting the kinetic energy of the vertical laminar airflow into alternating transient high-voltage electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the high-voltage direct-drive modulation module through the output wire.

5. The wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller encapsulates the environmental physical quantities into data frames and uses encoding rules to convert the data frames into a digital baseband control sequence with DC balance characteristics. The digital baseband control sequence has equal average high-level time and average low-level time to prevent polarization failure caused by continuous unidirectional DC bias inside the common aperture packaging module.

6. The wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-voltage direct-drive modulation module includes a micro-switch matrix; the micro-switch matrix includes an opto-isolation coupler, a first high-voltage switch, a second high-voltage switch, and a discharge grounding terminal; The non-inverting output terminal of the opto-isolation coupler is connected to the gate of the first high-voltage switch, and the inverting output terminal of the opto-isolation coupler is connected to the gate of the second high-voltage switch. The drain of the first high-voltage switch is connected to the output interface of the micro cantilever triboelectric nanogenerator, and the source of the first high-voltage switch is connected to the polarization control electrode of the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system; the drain of the second high-voltage switch is connected to the polarization control electrode, and the source of the second high-voltage switch is connected to the discharge ground terminal. The first high-voltage switch and the second high-voltage switch form an interlocked switch topology, which controls the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system to perform physical switching between electric field driven state and charge discharge state.

7. The wireless acquisition and real-time monitoring terminal for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring terminal has an internal asymmetric hierarchical power supply architecture, including a low-voltage regulated power supply link and a high-voltage intrinsic output link. The high-voltage intrinsic output link does not include a step-down conversion circuit, and the transient high-voltage power is directly used as the driving bias voltage for the liquid crystal light valve of the microelectromechanical system. The opto-isolation coupler converts the electrical signal of the digital baseband control sequence into an optical signal and then restores it to a switch drive electrical signal, so that the low-voltage regulated power supply link and the high-voltage intrinsic output link form electrical isolation at the micro-switch matrix, preventing the transient high-voltage power from damaging the microcontroller in reverse.

8. A passive monitoring system for operating room environmental parameters, characterized in that, include: The monitoring terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the receiving gateway and the diffuse wall surface; The receiving gateway is configured to emit the near-infrared interrogation beam into the operating room; The diffuse reflection wall is configured to generate multiple diffuse reflections of the backscattered light signal emitted by the monitoring terminal, forming a multipath diffuse reflection light signal that reaches the receiving gateway. The receiving gateway receives the multipath diffuse reflection light signal and reconstructs the environmental physical quantities.

9. The passive monitoring system for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 8, characterized in that, The receiving gateway is internally equipped with a probing transmission array and a space probing receiving array; The center wavelength of the near-infrared interrogation beam emitted by the interrogation emission array is located within the reflection band of the common aperture encapsulation module, forming a spatially overlapping illumination light field in the internal space of the operating room, serving as an unmodulated carrier light source for generating the backscattered light signal; The space detection and receiving array contains multiple photoelectric detection units oriented at different spatial angles. It collects light energy arriving at each reflection path through spatial diversity, overcoming the blockage of line-of-sight communication links.

10. The passive monitoring system for operating room environmental parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that, The receiving gateway further includes a signal conditioning and demodulation unit, which includes a transimpedance amplifier circuit and a bandpass filter circuit. The electrical output terminals of the multiple photoelectric detection units oriented at different spatial angles are connected in parallel, and current is collected at the physical nodes to form a total photocurrent signal. The transimpedance amplifier circuit converts and amplifies the total photocurrent signal into a voltage signal; the center frequency and passband width of the bandpass filter circuit are configured to cover the frequency range of the digital baseband control sequence, filtering out out-of-band noise components in the voltage signal.

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