Intelligent monitoring method and device for pantograph

Abstract

The application provides a kind of intelligent monitoring method and device for pantograph, it is related to train safety monitoring field, solve in the pantograph monitoring, ignore the quality irregularity reduction problem caused by contact pressure and temperature of pantograph, and ignore the technical problem of adaptive monitoring to pantograph;The method comprises: obtaining the target data of current train pantograph;Adaptively set monitoring frequency based on target data, obtain the monitoring data of current train pantograph according to monitoring frequency;Determine the temperature aging factor based on the temperature of pantograph, determine the characteristic temperature aging factor of current pantograph based on the historical temperature aging factor;Determine the wear factor based on the contact pressure of pantograph, determine the characteristic wear factor of current pantograph based on the historical wear factor, issue the maintenance notice of current pantograph based on characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor;The application can improve the accuracy of pantograph health quality identification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of train safety monitoring, and in particular to an intelligent monitoring method and device for pantograph-catenary system. Background Technology

[0002] The pantograph-catenary system is a power transmission system in electrified railways, consisting of a pantograph and an overhead contact line, responsible for providing trains with a continuous and stable power supply. This system obtains power through the sliding contact between the pantograph's sliding contact plate and the contact wire, and is a crucial component of the traction power supply system, directly affecting the safety and stability of train operation.

[0003] Currently, most intelligent pantograph-catenary monitoring methods neglect the irregular mass reduction of the pantograph caused by contact pressure and temperature. For example, they struggle to identify mass reduction caused by thermal damage based on temperature fluctuations, and to identify mass reduction caused by fatigue wear and occasional impact wear based on contact pressure. Furthermore, most intelligent pantograph-catenary monitoring methods fail to adapt to the pantograph, resulting in monitoring modes that do not meet the actual needs of the pantograph. This leads to incomplete pantograph data or increased energy consumption for data acquisition.

[0004] Therefore, this invention discloses an intelligent monitoring method and device for pantograph-catenary systems to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an intelligent monitoring method and device for pantograph-catenary systems, which solves the problems of neglecting the irregular quality reduction of the pantograph caused by contact pressure and temperature in the existing pantograph-catenary monitoring, as well as the technical problems of neglecting adaptive monitoring of the pantograph.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, a smart monitoring method for pantograph-catenary systems is provided, comprising: Obtain the target data of the current train pantograph; the target data includes the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time; The monitoring frequency is adaptively set based on the target data, and the monitoring data of the current train pantograph is obtained according to the monitoring frequency; the monitoring data includes the contact pressure and temperature of the pantograph. The temperature aging factor is determined based on the pantograph temperature, and the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph is determined based on the historical temperature aging factor. The wear factor is determined based on the pantograph contact pressure, and the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph is determined based on the historical wear factor. The maintenance notice for the current pantograph is issued based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and the characteristic wear factor.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect mentioned above, in one possible implementation, acquiring the target data of the current train pantograph includes: The data extracted from the historical data database includes the cumulative usage time of the current train pantograph during operation, the number of maintenance operations from the time of pantograph installation to the present, and the number of anomalies in the last ZN days. The number of anomalies includes the number of times arcing and overheating occurred. ZN is manually set and is generally set to 90.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect mentioned above, one possible implementation involves adaptively setting the monitoring frequency based on the target data, including: The cumulative usage time is extracted. When the cumulative usage time is not less than the pantograph's designed service life, the monitoring frequency is set to the maximum value of the standard monitoring frequency range. The pantograph's designed service life is determined by the pantograph manufacturer, and the standard monitoring frequency range is determined by the sensor's performance. The frequency unit within the standard monitoring frequency range is times per minute. When the cumulative usage time is less than the pantograph's designed service life, the number of anomalies and repairs are extracted. Based on the number of anomalies, repairs, and cumulative usage time, the standard monitoring frequency range is narrowed for the first time using formula (1) to obtain the first frequency range. The operating speed YV of the train to which the pantograph is located is obtained. When the operating speed YV is not less than the standard operating speed BYV, the first frequency range is narrowed for the second time using formula (2) to obtain the second frequency range. When the operating speed YV is less than the standard operating speed BYV, the first frequency range is narrowed for the second time using formula (3) to obtain the second frequency range. The current pantograph monitoring frequency CL is determined using formula (4) based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of the second frequency range. The standard operating speed BYV is set according to the train safety operation regulations. The calculation formula (1) is: ; In the formula, YC represents the number of anomalies, WC represents the number of repairs, and LH represents the cumulative usage time; ZYC represents the maximum number of anomalies of pantographs of the same type as the current pantograph within the most recent ZN days in historical data, where ZN is manually set and is generally taken as 90; ZWC represents the maximum number of repairs of pantographs of the same type and with the same cumulative usage days as the current pantograph within the same usage period, where the same usage period refers to the period from when the pantograph was put into use to the present time; ZLH represents the design service life of the pantograph; BD represents the maximum value of the standard monitoring frequency range, and BX represents the minimum value of the standard monitoring frequency range; To take the sign of the maximum value, To take the sign of the minimum value; The amplitude adjustment coefficient is set according to the pantograph type, and The value range is [0,1]; , and It was determined by fitting historical fault data of the same model of pantograph using the least squares method. , and The values ​​of are all in the range [0,1], and For example, by collecting correlation data on the number of abnormalities (YC), the number of repairs (WC), the cumulative usage time (LH), and the failure rate of 100 pantographs of the same model, and aiming for the highest accuracy in fault prediction, optimization is achieved. , and ; This is the maximum value within the first frequency range. This is the minimum value within the first frequency range; The calculation formula (2) is: ; In the formula, This is the maximum value in the second frequency range. This is the minimum value in the second frequency range; The calculation formula (3) is: ; The calculation formula (4) is: .

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the monitoring data of the current train pantograph is obtained according to the monitoring frequency, including: Extract the current pantograph monitoring frequency CL, and based on the monitoring frequency CL, obtain the pantograph contact pressure through a pressure sensor and the pantograph temperature through a temperature sensor.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the temperature aging factor is determined based on the pantograph temperature, including: When the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window. At that time, the temperature of the pantograph within the time window is extracted, and a set of temperature sequences is constructed. Based on computational formula Get the Relative temperature difference at each sampling time Based on relative temperature difference The thermal damage index is determined by formula (5). Based on thermal damage index The temperature aging factor LH for the current time window is determined by calculation formula (6); where the time window is set manually and is generally 10 minutes. For the first time window The temperature at each sampling time, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ], This represents the total number of sampling points within the time window. The ambient reference temperature is determined based on the season. The calculation formula (5) is: ; In the formula, The thermal sensitivity coefficient of the material ranges from [0,2] and is determined by the properties of the pantograph sliding plate material, such as carbon sliding plates. Metal skateboard ; The temperature safety threshold is set according to the material properties of the pantograph sliding plate. The specific value can be determined by material thermal aging test (such as ASTM E2009 standard). The calculation formula (6) is: ; In the formula, The duration of the time window. The activation energy reflects the energy threshold required for the pantograph material to undergo thermal aging; k is the Boltzmann constant. This is the normalized time constant, used to adjust... The numerical range is set such that it is between [0,1].

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph is determined based on historical temperature aging factors, including: Extracting temperature aging factors from various historical time windows And the time difference between each time window and the current time. Based on temperature aging factor and time difference The characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph is determined by calculation formula (7). ; Let be the number of the time window, and The value range is [1, m], where m is the maximum value of the time window number; The calculation formula (7) is: ; In the formula, SLC is the forgetting time constant, which is set according to the material properties of the pantograph, and its unit is the time difference. To maintain consistency, it can be based on month, week, day, or hour.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the wear factor is determined based on the contact pressure of the pantograph, including: When the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window. At that time, the monitoring sequence of the pantograph contact pressure within the time window is extracted. ; Obtain the operating speed YV of the train where the pantograph is located. When the operating speed YV is not less than the standard operating speed BYV, the theoretical reference pressure is... Values When the operating speed YV is less than the standard operating speed BYV, the theoretical reference pressure will be... Values The time window is set manually, typically 10 minutes; the standard operating speed (BYV) is set according to train safety regulations. and It is obtained through manual settings. The value can be 85N. The value can be 70N; Based on theoretical benchmark pressure and monitoring sequences The pressure deviation coefficient is determined by formula (8). Based on pressure deviation coefficient The effective pressure value is determined by formula (9). Based on effective pressure value The wear factor is determined by calculation formula (10). ; The calculation formula (8) is: ; In the formula, For the first time window The contact pressure at each sampling time, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ], This represents the total number of sampling points within the time window. The calculation formula (9) is: ; in, The commonly used fluctuation coefficient, which is set manually, is typically 0.8. The overvoltage penalty coefficient is set manually and is typically 2.5. The maximum instantaneous pressure within the time window; The calculation formula (10) is: ; In the formula, The material wear coefficient is set according to the material of the pantograph sliding plate, for example... ; The distance the pantograph slides within the current time window is determined by the pantograph's sliding speed and sliding time. This represents the maximum permissible wear intensity per unit time. , The initial thickness of the pantograph slider. The material limit of the pantograph skateboard, such as a carbon skateboard. , The speed at which the pantograph slides; The over-wear protection threshold is set manually.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph is determined based on historical wear factors, including: To distinguish between normal wear and severe wear, an abnormal wear threshold is introduced to divide data points in the sequence into two categories: those with values ​​less than the abnormal wear threshold are classified into two classes. wear factors Integrating into a stable wear set Wear factors with values ​​not less than the abnormal wear threshold Integrate into abnormal wear set The abnormal wear threshold is set manually. The wear of the pantograph mainly originates from long-term mechanical friction. A weighted summation is performed on the stable wear set to calculate the baseline cumulative wear. Considering that the impact of early wear on the current remaining life is constant, equal-weighted accumulation is used here: for the stable wear set... The baseline cumulative wear factor is obtained by weighted summation using formula (11). ; When the pantograph experiences severe wear, irreversible microcracks or pits will be left on the surface of the pantograph. Unlike the accumulation of normal wear, these "scars" have non-linear destructive force, and their severity may become more pronounced over time due to stress concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to first obtain the impact retention function: when abnormal wear sets... medium wear factor When an impact occurs within the corresponding time window, the time difference between the time window and the current time is obtained. The impact retention function corresponding to the time window is determined by calculation formula (12). Based on the impact retention function The abnormal wear factor is determined by calculation formula (13). The impact scenarios include arcing and impact. For abnormal wear set The corresponding number in the data, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ]; Reference cumulative wear factor and abnormal wear factors The characteristic wear factor is obtained by addition. ; The calculation formula (11) is: ; In the formula, To stabilize wear collection The corresponding number in the data, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ]; The calculation formula (12) is: ; In the formula, The aging growth rate can be set to 0.05. The time scale adjustment parameter is set based on experience, and its value range is [0, 1.821]. The calculation formula (13) is: ; In the formula, The impact damage coefficient is set according to the wear resistance properties of the pantograph material, and its value ranges from [0, 2.63].

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, a maintenance notification for the current pantograph is issued based on a characteristic temperature aging factor and a characteristic wear factor, including: Extracting characteristic temperature aging factors and characteristic wear factor Based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor The current pantograph health index is determined by formula (14). ; The calculation formula (14) is: ; In the formula, This is the aging risk weighting coefficient. This is the wear and tear risk weighting coefficient, and and The value range is [0,2]; when the pantograph operates in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the value can be appropriately increased. When the pantograph operates on high-density, high-speed lines, the [power supply capacity] can be appropriately increased. ; When health index When the ratio to the standard health index is greater than 0.75, continue monitoring of the current pantograph without special intervention. The standard health index is determined based on the health index of pantographs of the same type as the current pantograph in the past, such as a specific percentile after the health index is sorted from smallest to largest. The percentile of the specific percentile is selected manually. When health index If the ratio of the current pantograph to the standard health index is no greater than 0.75 but greater than 0.5, continue to monitor the current pantograph and issue a maintenance notice for the current pantograph that requires attention. When health index When the ratio of the pantograph to the standard health index is no greater than 0.5 and greater than 0.25, a maintenance notice is issued requiring pantograph maintenance to be arranged within a preset number of days; the preset number of days is set manually and is generally 10. When health index When the ratio to the standard health index is no greater than 0.25, a maintenance notice is issued recommending that the train stop at the next safe station for pantograph inspection or replacement, and the ground maintenance center is notified at the same time.

[0015] Secondly, an intelligent monitoring device for pantograph-catenary systems is provided, comprising: a communication unit and a processing unit; The communication unit is used to acquire target data of the current train pantograph; wherein, the target data includes the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time; The processing unit is used to: adaptively set the monitoring frequency based on target data; acquire the current monitoring data of the train pantograph according to the monitoring frequency; determine the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature; determine the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph based on historical temperature aging factors; determine the wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure; determine the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors; and issue a maintenance notification for the current pantograph based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and the characteristic wear factor. The monitoring data includes the pantograph contact pressure and temperature.

[0016] This application provides an intelligent monitoring method and device for pantograph-catenary systems, with the following advantages: 1. This invention acquires target data of the current train pantograph; adaptively sets the monitoring frequency based on the target data; acquires monitoring data of the current train pantograph based on the monitoring frequency; determines a temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature; determines a characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph based on historical temperature aging factors; determines a wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure; determines a characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors; and issues a maintenance notification for the current pantograph based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor. This invention solves the problems of neglecting the irregular quality reduction of the pantograph caused by contact pressure and temperature in existing pantograph-catenary monitoring, as well as the technical problem of neglecting adaptive monitoring of the pantograph. This invention can improve the accuracy of pantograph health quality identification.

[0017] 2. This invention achieves a scientific assessment of the wear state of the pantograph contact plate by constructing a multi-dimensional, physically meaningful quantitative model. Through dynamic benchmark setting, multi-factor pressure assessment, nonlinear impact penalty, and calculations based on material life and physical wear, a complete closed loop from pressure input to wear output is constructed, which profoundly reveals the intrinsic physical relationship between contact pressure and contact plate wear. This provides a solid data foundation and scientific decision-making basis for accurately predicting wear trends and optimizing maintenance strategies.

[0018] It should be understood that the descriptions of technical features, technical solutions, beneficial effects, or similar language in this application do not imply that all features and advantages can be achieved in any single embodiment. Rather, it is understood that the description of a feature or beneficial effect means that a specific technical feature, technical solution, or beneficial effect is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the descriptions of technical features, technical solutions, or beneficial effects in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the technical features, technical solutions, and beneficial effects described in this embodiment can be combined in any suitable manner. Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be implemented without one or more specific technical features, technical solutions, or beneficial effects of a particular embodiment. In other embodiments, additional technical features and beneficial effects may be identified in specific embodiments that do not embody all embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the steps of an intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the steps for determining the wear factor provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent monitoring device for pantograph-catenary circuits provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or order of execution, and "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily imply differences.

[0021] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is being described as an example, illustration, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary systems includes: S1. Obtain the target data of the current train pantograph; the target data includes the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time; S2. Adaptively set the monitoring frequency based on the target data, and obtain the current monitoring data of the train's pantograph according to the monitoring frequency; wherein, the monitoring data includes the pantograph's contact pressure and temperature; S3. Determine the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature, and determine the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph based on historical temperature aging factors; determine the wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure, and determine the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors; issue a maintenance notice for the current pantograph based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and the characteristic wear factor.

[0023] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the above-mentioned S1 can be implemented by the following S101, which will be described in detail below: S101. Obtain the target data of the current train pantograph, including: The data extracted from the historical data database includes the cumulative usage time of the current train pantograph during operation, the number of maintenance operations from the time of pantograph installation to the present, and the number of anomalies in the last ZN days. The number of anomalies includes the number of times arcing and overheating occurred. ZN is manually set and is generally set to 90.

[0024] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the above-mentioned S2 can be implemented by the following S201 and S202, which are described in detail below: S201. Adaptively set the monitoring frequency based on target data, including: The cumulative usage time is extracted. When the cumulative usage time is not less than the pantograph's designed service life, the monitoring frequency is set to the maximum value of the standard monitoring frequency range. The pantograph's designed service life is determined by the pantograph manufacturer, and the standard monitoring frequency range is determined by the sensor's performance. The frequency unit within the standard monitoring frequency range is times per minute. When the cumulative usage time is less than the pantograph's designed service life, the number of anomalies and repairs are extracted. Based on the number of anomalies, repairs, and cumulative usage time, the standard monitoring frequency range is narrowed for the first time using formula (1) to obtain the first frequency range. The operating speed YV of the train to which the pantograph is located is obtained. When the operating speed YV is not less than the standard operating speed BYV, the first frequency range is narrowed for the second time using formula (2) to obtain the second frequency range. When the operating speed YV is less than the standard operating speed BYV, the first frequency range is narrowed for the second time using formula (3) to obtain the second frequency range. The current pantograph monitoring frequency CL is determined using formula (4) based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of the second frequency range. The standard operating speed BYV is set according to the train safety operation regulations. The calculation formula (1) is: ; In the formula, YC represents the number of anomalies, WC represents the number of repairs, and LH represents the cumulative usage time; ZYC represents the maximum number of anomalies of pantographs of the same type as the current pantograph within the most recent ZN days in historical data, where ZN is manually set and is generally taken as 90; ZWC represents the maximum number of repairs of pantographs of the same type and with the same cumulative usage days as the current pantograph within the same usage period, where the same usage period refers to the period from when the pantograph was put into use to the present time; ZLH represents the design service life of the pantograph; BD represents the maximum value of the standard monitoring frequency range, and BX represents the minimum value of the standard monitoring frequency range; To take the sign of the maximum value, To take the sign of the minimum value; The amplitude adjustment coefficient is set according to the pantograph type, and The value range is [0,1]; , and It was determined by fitting historical fault data of the same model of pantograph using the least squares method. , and The values ​​of are all in the range [0,1], and For example, by collecting correlation data on the number of abnormalities (YC), the number of repairs (WC), the cumulative usage time (LH), and the failure rate of 100 pantographs of the same model, and aiming for the highest accuracy in fault prediction, optimization is achieved. , and ; This is the maximum value within the first frequency range. This is the minimum value within the first frequency range; The calculation formula (2) is: ; In the formula, This is the maximum value in the second frequency range. This is the minimum value in the second frequency range; The calculation formula (3) is: ; The calculation formula (4) is: .

[0025] It is worth noting that this invention achieves precise dynamic control of the pantograph status by adaptively setting the monitoring frequency based on target data, significantly improving the intelligence level and operation and maintenance efficiency of the monitoring system. First, by comprehensively analyzing multi-dimensional data such as the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time, and combining the operating characteristics of historical pantographs of the same type, a scientific frequency adjustment model is constructed. The calculation formula (1) effectively quantifies the impact of anomalies, repairs, and usage time on monitoring needs by introducing an exponential function and normalization processing. At the same time, through the narrowing mechanism of the standard frequency range, it ensures that the monitoring frequency will not waste resources due to excessive conservatism, nor will it miss potential risks due to excessive leniency. Second, the calculation formulas (2) and (3) further introduce the train running speed as a key parameter, and perform secondary narrowing of the first frequency range through the speed ratio, realizing real-time linkage between the operating status and the monitoring frequency. When running at high speed, the system prioritizes ensuring the lower limit of the monitoring frequency to ensure data continuity; when running at low speed, it focuses on adjusting the upper limit to balance monitoring accuracy and energy consumption. This differentiated processing strategy greatly optimizes the efficiency of resource allocation. Equation (4) uses the interval median method to determine the final frequency, which avoids system fluctuations caused by frequent switching while taking into account the real-time performance and stability of monitoring. The adaptive frequency setting method in this invention breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed frequency monitoring. Through multi-parameter collaborative decision-making and dynamic boundary constraints, it significantly improves the timeliness and accuracy of fault early warning while reducing invalid data collection, providing strong technical support for pantograph preventive maintenance, and ultimately achieving multiple goals of extending equipment life, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and ensuring traffic safety.

[0026] S202. Obtain the current train pantograph monitoring data according to the monitoring frequency, including: Extract the current pantograph monitoring frequency CL, and based on the monitoring frequency CL, obtain the pantograph contact pressure through a pressure sensor and the pantograph temperature through a temperature sensor.

[0027] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the above-mentioned S3 can be implemented by the following S301, S302, S303, S304 and S305, which are described in detail below: S301. Determine the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature, including: When the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window. At that time, the temperature of the pantograph within the time window is extracted, and a set of temperature sequences is constructed. Based on computational formula Get the Relative temperature difference at each sampling time Based on relative temperature difference The thermal damage index is determined by formula (5). Based on thermal damage index The temperature aging factor LH for the current time window is determined by calculation formula (6); where the time window is set manually and is generally 10 minutes. For the first time window The temperature at each sampling time, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ], This represents the total number of sampling points within the time window. The ambient reference temperature is determined based on the season. The calculation formula (5) is: ; In the formula, The thermal sensitivity coefficient of the material ranges from [0,2] and is determined by the properties of the pantograph sliding plate material, such as carbon sliding plates. Metal skateboard ; The temperature safety threshold is set according to the material properties of the pantograph sliding plate. The specific value can be determined by material thermal aging test (such as ASTM E2009 standard). The calculation formula (6) is: ; In the formula, The duration of the time window. The activation energy reflects the energy threshold required for the pantograph material to undergo thermal aging; k is the Boltzmann constant. This is the normalized time constant, used to adjust... The numerical range is set such that it is between [0,1].

[0028] It is worth noting that in the step of determining the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature, this invention achieves accurate assessment of the degree of thermal damage to the pantograph by constructing a scientific and refined quantitative model. First, by introducing the concept of a time window, continuous temperature data is transformed into a discrete set of temperature sequences, and the temperature difference of each sampling point relative to the ambient reference temperature is creatively calculated, effectively eliminating the interference caused by ambient temperature fluctuations and ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of the assessment. Equation (5) introduces a temperature safety threshold based on material properties. and thermal sensitivity coefficient Using a piecewise function, when the temperature difference does not exceed the safety threshold, the thermal damage index remains constant at 1, indicating that the material is in a safe state; once the temperature difference exceeds the threshold, the thermal damage index is adjusted through an exponential function. By nonlinearly amplifying the damage, this approach accurately simulates the physical process of accelerated damage accumulation in materials at high temperatures, making the quantification of thermal damage more consistent with the principles of materials science and avoiding the limitations of linear models. Furthermore, the calculation formula (6) introduces activation energy... and Boltzmann constant The cumulative effect of temperature on the thermal damage index is transformed into an exponential term related to the chemical reaction rate. This index term profoundly reflects the exponential effect of temperature on the aging rate of materials; that is, the higher the temperature, the faster the aging, thus tightly coupling macroscopic temperature monitoring with microscopic material aging mechanisms. Furthermore, the denominator includes the sum of the products of the thermal damage index and the temperature difference at all sampling points. Combined with the environmental reference temperature, it integrates the historical heat load over the entire time window, ensuring that the calculated temperature aging factor LH not only reflects the current instantaneous thermal state but also embodies the accumulated thermal damage effects over a period of time. Finally, the time constant is normalized. The treatment ensured that aging factors... The values ​​are stable within the [0,1] range, facilitating subsequent horizontal comparisons and threshold judgments. This invention constructs a highly robust and accurate temperature aging assessment system by integrating environmental temperature compensation, material property thresholds, nonlinear damage amplification, and aging rate modeling based on physicochemical principles. This system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation caused by local overheating, offering an irreplaceable scientific basis for issuing accurate maintenance notices and greatly improving the safety and maintenance efficiency of the pantograph-catenary system.

[0029] It should be noted that, Used to convert average temperature rise back to absolute temperature.

[0030] It should be noted that when the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window... When the pantograph's cumulative running time reaches the preset time window length, such as 10 minutes, the temperature data within that window is extracted. If the train stops midway, causing the pantograph to stop running, such as when it stops at a station, the timing is paused, and the running time is accumulated again until the time window length is met.

[0031] S302. Determine the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph based on historical temperature aging factors, including: Extracting temperature aging factors from various historical time windows And the time difference between each time window and the current time. Based on temperature aging factor and time difference The characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph is determined by calculation formula (7). ; Let be the number of the time window, and The value range is [1, m], where m is the maximum value of the time window number; The calculation formula (7) is: ; In the formula, SLC is the forgetting time constant, which is set according to the material properties of the pantograph, and its unit is the time difference. To maintain consistency, it can be based on month, week, day, or hour.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, S303, determining the wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure includes: When the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window. At that time, the monitoring sequence of the pantograph contact pressure within the time window is extracted. ; Obtain the operating speed YV of the train where the pantograph is located. When the operating speed YV is not less than the standard operating speed BYV, the theoretical reference pressure is... Values When the operating speed YV is less than the standard operating speed BYV, the theoretical reference pressure will be... Values The time window is set manually, typically 10 minutes; the standard operating speed (BYV) is set according to train safety regulations. and It is obtained through manual settings. The value can be 85N. The value can be 70N; Based on theoretical benchmark pressure and monitoring sequences The pressure deviation coefficient is determined by formula (8). Based on pressure deviation coefficient The effective pressure value is determined by formula (9). Based on effective pressure value The wear factor is determined by calculation formula (10). ; The calculation formula (8) is: ; In the formula, For the first time window The contact pressure at each sampling time, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ], This represents the total number of sampling points within the time window. The calculation formula (9) is: ; in, The commonly used fluctuation coefficient, which is set manually, is typically 0.8. The overvoltage penalty coefficient is set manually and is typically 2.5. The maximum instantaneous pressure within the time window; The calculation formula (10) is: ; In the formula, The material wear coefficient is set according to the material of the pantograph sliding plate, for example... ; The distance the pantograph slides within the current time window is determined by the pantograph's sliding speed and sliding time. This represents the maximum permissible wear intensity per unit time. , The initial thickness of the pantograph slider. The material limit of the pantograph skateboard, such as a carbon skateboard. , The speed at which the pantograph slides; The over-wear protection threshold is set manually.

[0033] It is worth noting that, in the step of determining the wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure, this invention achieves a scientific assessment of the wear state of the pantograph sliding plate by constructing a multi-dimensional, physically meaningful quantitative model. First, this step introduces a dynamic theoretical reference pressure linked to the train's running speed. This method abandons the single static pressure standard, allowing the benchmark value to be adaptively adjusted according to different operating conditions such as high speed and low speed, which is more in line with the physical characteristics of the dynamic contact between the pantograph and the catenary in actual operation, and provides an accurate reference system for subsequent deviation calculation. The calculation formula (8) obtains the pressure deviation coefficient by calculating the relative root mean square difference between the monitored pressure sequence and the theoretical benchmark pressure. This coefficient not only quantifies the overall dispersion of pressure over the entire time window, but also more sensitively captures continuous pressure fluctuations caused by uneven contact wires or poor pantograph following. Compared to simple mean deviation, it better reflects the root causes of fatigue wear. Equation (9) further refines the deviation coefficient by introducing a conventional fluctuation coefficient. and overvoltage penalty coefficient An effective stress value containing linear and nonlinear penalty terms was constructed. The computational model, in which linear terms ( The formula (10) reflects the cumulative contribution of normal pressure fluctuations to wear, while the nonlinear penalty term based on the maximum instantaneous pressure highlights the destructive effect of instantaneous impact pressure on the slide plate. This differentiated treatment allows the wear assessment model to reflect both long-term stable wear and accurately capture severe damage caused by accidental impacts, greatly improving the accuracy of the assessment. Finally, the calculation formula (10) uses the effective pressure value and the sliding distance L through the material wear coefficient. The wear rate is directly calculated by coupling the components, and the maximum allowable wear intensity is introduced. As a dynamic safety upper limit, this limit combines the initial thickness of the skateboard and the material's ultimate sliding distance, closely linking wear assessment with the skateboard's lifecycle management, while also... Function and manually set over-wear protection threshold Together, they form a dual protection mechanism, effectively preventing calculation distortion caused by model parameter deviations or extreme operating conditions. Overall, this wear factor determination method constructs a complete closed loop from pressure input to wear output through dynamic benchmark setting, multi-factor pressure assessment, nonlinear impact penalty, and calculations based on material life and physical wear. It profoundly reveals the intrinsic physical relationship between contact pressure and slide plate wear, providing a solid data foundation and scientific decision-making basis for accurately predicting wear trends and optimizing maintenance strategies.

[0034] S304. Determine the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors, including: To distinguish between normal wear and severe wear, an abnormal wear threshold is introduced to divide data points in the sequence into two categories: those with values ​​less than the abnormal wear threshold are classified into two classes. wear factors Integrating into a stable wear set Wear factors with values ​​not less than the abnormal wear threshold Integrate into abnormal wear set The abnormal wear threshold is set manually. The wear of the pantograph mainly originates from long-term mechanical friction. A weighted summation is performed on the stable wear set to calculate the baseline cumulative wear. Considering that the impact of early wear on the current remaining life is constant, equal-weighted accumulation is used here: for the stable wear set... The baseline cumulative wear factor is obtained by weighted summation using formula (11). ; When the pantograph experiences severe wear, irreversible microcracks or pits will be left on the surface of the pantograph. Unlike the accumulation of normal wear, these "scars" have non-linear destructive force, and their severity may become more pronounced over time due to stress concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to first obtain the impact retention function: when abnormal wear sets... medium wear factor When an impact occurs within the corresponding time window, the time difference between the time window and the current time is obtained. The impact retention function corresponding to the time window is determined by calculation formula (12). Based on the impact retention function The abnormal wear factor is determined by calculation formula (13). The impact scenarios include arcing and impact. For abnormal wear set The corresponding number in the data, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ]; Reference cumulative wear factor and abnormal wear factors The characteristic wear factor is obtained by addition. ; The calculation formula (11) is: ; In the formula, To stabilize wear collection The corresponding number in the data, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ]; The calculation formula (12) is: ; In the formula, The aging growth rate can be set to 0.05. The time scale adjustment parameter is set based on experience, and its value range is [0, 1.821]. The calculation formula (13) is: ; In the formula, The impact damage coefficient is set according to the wear resistance properties of the pantograph material, and its value ranges from [0, 2.63].

[0035] It is worth noting that, in the step of determining the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors, this invention achieves a deep understanding of the pantograph's wear state by constructing a dual-track evaluation model that distinguishes between normal and abnormal wear. Firstly, an abnormal wear threshold is introduced. It cleverly decomposes the complex wear process into stable wear sets with distinct properties. and abnormal wear set This classification process completely changes the limitations of the traditional linear cumulative model, making the assessment of wear no longer a general sum, but able to accurately distinguish and quantify the impact of different wear modes on the pantograph's lifespan. For the stable wear set, the calculation formula (11) uses equal weight summation, which accurately reflects the gradual and cumulative nature of mechanical friction wear. That is, the reduction effect of each stable wear in the early stage on the final lifespan is equivalent and constant. This approach ensures the stability and interpretability of the model. The most groundbreaking highlight of this method is the nonlinear modeling of abnormal wear. It deeply understands that the damage caused by severe impacts (such as arcing and impact) is not a simple numerical superposition, but will form a "scar effect". To this end, the calculation formula (12) creatively introduces the impact retention function. The function uses a time difference Related logarithmic terms This scientifically simulates the physical process of damage "fermenting" and deteriorating over time. The initial damage, due to factors such as stress concentration, exhibits nonlinear growth in destructiveness over time, rather than decaying. This insight overturns conventional decay models, making the assessment more closely aligned with the actual failure mechanism of materials. Based on this, the calculation formula (13) further squares the abnormal wear value. This greatly amplifies the weight of severe shock events, and then multiplies it by the shock retention function. and impact damage coefficient This assigns a significantly amplified, non-linear weight to the damage caused by each severe impact, allowing it to deteriorate over time, perfectly capturing the decisive impact of accidental catastrophic events on equipment lifespan. Ultimately, the characteristic wear factor... By adding linearly accumulated baseline wear to nonlinearly deteriorating abnormal damage, a comprehensive health indicator is constructed that can reflect both long-term stable consumption and highlight the impact of historical major shocks. This enables the issuance of maintenance warnings that are far more accurate and forward-looking than traditional methods, effectively avoiding sudden failures caused by ignoring historical shocks, and significantly improving the operational safety of the pantograph-catenary system and the level of precision in asset management.

[0036] It should be noted that when abnormal wear sets medium wear factor If no impact occurs within the corresponding time window, the impact retention function corresponding to the time window will be used. The value is 0.

[0037] S305. Issue a maintenance notification for the current pantograph based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor, including: Extracting characteristic temperature aging factors and characteristic wear factor Based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor The current pantograph health index is determined by formula (14). ; The calculation formula (14) is: ; In the formula, This is the aging risk weighting coefficient. This is the wear and tear risk weighting coefficient, and and The value range is [0,2]; when the pantograph operates in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the value can be appropriately increased. When the pantograph operates on high-density, high-speed lines, the [power supply capacity] can be appropriately increased. ; When health index When the ratio to the standard health index is greater than 0.75, continue monitoring of the current pantograph without special intervention. The standard health index is determined based on the health index of pantographs of the same type as the current pantograph in the past, such as a specific percentile after the health index is sorted from smallest to largest. The percentile of the specific percentile is selected manually. When health index If the ratio of the current pantograph to the standard health index is no greater than 0.75 but greater than 0.5, continue to monitor the current pantograph and issue a maintenance notice for the current pantograph that requires attention. When health index When the ratio of the pantograph to the standard health index is no greater than 0.5 and greater than 0.25, a maintenance notice is issued requiring pantograph maintenance to be arranged within a preset number of days; the preset number of days is set manually and is generally 10. When health index When the ratio to the standard health index is no greater than 0.25, a maintenance notice is issued recommending that the train stop at the next safe station for pantograph inspection or replacement, and the ground maintenance center is notified at the same time.

[0038] It should be noted that the health index The ratio of the health index to the standard health index is: Health Index The value divided by the standard health index.

[0039] The above primarily describes the solutions of the embodiments of this application from the perspective of device implementation. It is understood that each device, for example, an intelligent monitoring device for a pantograph-catenary system, includes at least one of the hardware structures and software modules corresponding to the execution of each function in order to achieve the above-mentioned functions. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware-driven or software-driven manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0040] This application embodiment can divide a smart monitoring device for pantograph-catenary systems into functional units based on the above method example. For example, each function can be divided into separate functional units, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. It should be noted that the unit division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0041] When using integrated units, Figure 3 A possible structural schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring device for pantographs and catenary (referred to as communication device 30) involved in the above embodiments is shown. The communication device 30 includes a processing unit 301 and a communication unit 302, and may also include a storage unit 303. Figure 3 The structural diagram shown can be used to illustrate the structure of an intelligent monitoring device for pantograph-catenary systems involved in the above embodiments.

[0042] when Figure 3 The schematic diagram shown illustrates the structure of an intelligent monitoring device for pantographs and netting systems involved in the above embodiments. The processing unit 301 is used to control and manage the operation of the intelligent monitoring device for pantographs and netting systems, the communication unit 302 is used for the intelligent monitoring device for pantographs and netting systems to communicate with other devices, and the storage unit 303 is used to store the program code and data of the intelligent monitoring device for pantographs and netting systems.

[0043] For example, communication unit 302 is used to acquire target data of the current train pantograph; wherein, the target data includes the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time; Processing unit 301: is used to adaptively set the monitoring frequency based on target data, acquire the current monitoring data of the train pantograph according to the monitoring frequency; determine the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature, determine the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph based on historical temperature aging factors; determine the wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure, determine the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors, and issue a maintenance notice for the current pantograph based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor; wherein, the monitoring data includes the pantograph contact pressure and temperature.

[0044] Although this application has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art, by reviewing the accompanying drawings, disclosure, and appended claims, can understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in carrying out the claimed application. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple instances. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0045] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely illustrative descriptions of the application as defined by the appended claims, and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is also intended to include such modifications and modifications.

[0046] Some of the data in the above calculation formula are obtained by removing dimensions and taking their numerical values. The calculation formula is a calculation formula that is closest to the real situation, obtained by software simulation of a large amount of collected data. The preset parameters and preset thresholds in the calculation formula are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation or obtained through simulation of a large amount of data.

Claims

1. A smart monitoring method for pantograph-catenary systems, characterized in that, include: Obtain the target data of the current train pantograph; the target data includes the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time; The monitoring frequency is adaptively set based on the target data, and the monitoring data of the current train pantograph is obtained according to the monitoring frequency; the monitoring data includes the contact pressure and temperature of the pantograph. The temperature aging factor is determined based on the pantograph temperature, and the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph is determined based on the historical temperature aging factor. The wear factor is determined based on the pantograph contact pressure, and the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph is determined based on the historical wear factor. The maintenance notice for the current pantograph is issued based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and the characteristic wear factor.

2. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive setting of the monitoring frequency based on target data includes: The cumulative usage time is extracted. When the cumulative usage time is not less than the pantograph's designed service life, the monitoring frequency is set to the maximum value of the standard monitoring frequency range. The pantograph's designed service life is determined by the pantograph manufacturer, and the standard monitoring frequency range is determined by the sensor's performance. When the cumulative usage time is less than the pantograph's designed service life, the number of anomalies and repairs are extracted. Based on the number of anomalies, repairs, and cumulative usage time, the standard monitoring frequency range is narrowed for the first time using formula (1) to obtain the first frequency range. The operating speed YV of the train to which the pantograph is located is obtained. When the operating speed YV is not less than the standard operating speed BYV, the first frequency range is narrowed for the second time using formula (2) to obtain the second frequency range. When the operating speed YV is less than the standard operating speed BYV, the first frequency range is narrowed for the second time using formula (3) to obtain the second frequency range. The current pantograph monitoring frequency CL is determined using formula (4) based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of the second frequency range. The standard operating speed BYV is set according to the train safety operation regulations. The calculation formula (1) is: ； In the formula, YC represents the number of anomalies, WC represents the number of repairs, and LH represents the cumulative usage time; ZYC represents the maximum number of anomalies of a pantograph of the same type as the current pantograph within the most recent ZN days in historical data; ZWC represents the maximum number of repairs of a pantograph of the same type and with the same cumulative usage days within the same usage cycle; ZLH represents the design service life of the pantograph; BD represents the maximum value of the standard monitoring frequency range, and BX represents the minimum value of the standard monitoring frequency range; To determine the sign of the maximum value, To take the sign of the minimum value; The amplitude adjustment coefficient is set according to the pantograph type, and The value range is [0,1]; , and It was determined by fitting historical fault data of the same model of pantograph using the least squares method. , and The values ​​of are all in the range [0,1], and ; This is the maximum value within the first frequency range. This is the minimum value within the first frequency range; The calculation formula (2) is: ； In the formula, This is the maximum value in the second frequency range. This is the minimum value in the second frequency range; The calculation formula (3) is: ； The calculation formula (4) is: 。 3. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining current train pantograph monitoring data based on monitoring frequency includes: Extract the current pantograph monitoring frequency CL, and based on the monitoring frequency CL, obtain the pantograph contact pressure through a pressure sensor and the pantograph temperature through a temperature sensor.

4. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of determining the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature includes: When the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window. At that time, the temperature of the pantograph within the time window is extracted, and a set of temperature sequences is constructed. Based on computational formula Get the Relative temperature difference at each sampling time Based on relative temperature difference The thermal damage index is determined by formula (5). Based on thermal damage index The temperature aging factor LH for the current time window is determined by formula (6); where, For the first time window The temperature at each sampling time, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ], This represents the total number of sampling points within the time window. The ambient reference temperature is determined based on the season. The calculation formula (5) is: ； In the formula, The thermal sensitivity coefficient of the material, with a value range of [0,2], is determined by the material properties of the pantograph sliding plate. Temperature safety thresholds are set based on the material properties of the pantograph slider; The calculation formula (6) is: ； In the formula, The duration of the time window. The activation energy reflects the energy threshold required for the pantograph material to undergo thermal aging; k is the Boltzmann constant. This is the normalized time constant, used to adjust... The numerical range.

5. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the current pantograph's characteristic temperature aging factor based on historical temperature aging factors includes: Extracting temperature aging factors from various historical time windows And the time difference between each time window and the current time. Based on temperature aging factor and time difference The characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph is determined by calculation formula (7). ; Let be the number of the time window, and The value range is [1, m], where m is the maximum value of the time window number; The calculation formula (7) is: ； In the formula, SLC is the forgetting time constant, which is set according to the material properties of the pantograph.

6. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the wear factor based on the contact pressure of the pantograph includes: When the cumulative running time of the pantograph reaches the length of the time window. At that time, the monitoring sequence of the pantograph contact pressure within the time window is extracted. ; Obtain the operating speed YV of the train where the pantograph is located. When the operating speed YV is not less than the standard operating speed BYV, apply the theoretical reference pressure. Values When the operating speed YV is less than the standard operating speed BYV, the theoretical reference pressure will be... Values The standard operating speed (BYV) is determined through train safety operation regulations. Based on theoretical benchmark pressure and monitoring sequences The pressure deviation coefficient is determined by formula (8). Based on pressure deviation coefficient The effective pressure value is determined by formula (9). Based on effective pressure value The wear factor is determined by calculation formula (10). ; The calculation formula (8) is: ； In the formula, For the first time window The contact pressure at each sampling time, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ], This represents the total number of sampling points within the time window. The calculation formula (9) is: ； in, This is the normal fluctuation coefficient. This is the overvoltage penalty coefficient; The maximum instantaneous pressure within the time window; The calculation formula (10) is: ； In the formula, The material wear coefficient is set according to the material of the pantograph sliding plate, for example... ; This represents the distance the pantograph slides within the current time window; This represents the maximum permissible wear intensity per unit time. This is the over-wear protection threshold.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the current pantograph's characteristic wear factor based on historical wear factors includes: Values ​​less than the abnormal wear threshold wear factors Integrating into a stable wear set Wear factors with values ​​not less than the abnormal wear threshold Integrate into abnormal wear set ; For stable wear collection The baseline cumulative wear factor is obtained by weighted summation using formula (11). ; When abnormal wear set medium wear factor When an impact occurs within the corresponding time window, the time difference between the time window and the current time is obtained. The impact retention function corresponding to the time window is determined by calculation formula (12). Based on the impact retention function The abnormal wear factor is determined by calculation formula (13). The impact scenarios include arcing and impact. For abnormal wear set The corresponding number in the data, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ]; Reference cumulative wear factor and abnormal wear factors The characteristic wear factor is obtained by addition. ; The calculation formula (11) is: ； In the formula, To stabilize wear collection The corresponding number in the data, and The range of values ​​for is [1, ... ]; The calculation formula (12) is: ； In the formula, The aging growth rate can be set to 0.

05. This is a time-scale adjustment parameter, with a value range of [0, 1.821]. The calculation formula (13) is: ； In the formula, The impact damage coefficient is set according to the wear resistance properties of the pantograph material, and its value ranges from [0, 2.63].

8. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The notification for current pantograph maintenance based on characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor includes: Extracting characteristic temperature aging factors and characteristic wear factor Based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and characteristic wear factor The current pantograph health index is determined by formula (14). ; The calculation formula (14) is: ； In the formula, This is the aging risk weighting coefficient. This is the wear and tear risk weighting coefficient, and and The values ​​of are all in the range of [0,2]; When health index If the ratio of the current pantograph to the standard health index is greater than 0.75, continue monitoring of the current pantograph without special intervention; the standard health index is determined based on the historical health index of pantographs of the same type as the current pantograph. When health index If the ratio of the current pantograph to the standard health index is no greater than 0.75 but greater than 0.5, continue to monitor the current pantograph and issue a maintenance notice for the current pantograph that requires attention. When health index If the ratio of the pantograph to the standard health index is no greater than 0.5 but greater than 0.25, a maintenance notice will be issued requiring pantograph maintenance to be arranged within a preset number of days. When health index When the ratio to the standard health index is no greater than 0.25, a maintenance notice is issued recommending that the train stop at the next safe station for pantograph inspection or replacement, and the ground maintenance center is notified at the same time.

9. The intelligent monitoring method for pantograph-catenary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of target data for the current train pantograph includes: The data extracted from the historical data database includes the cumulative usage time of the current train pantograph during operation, the number of maintenance operations from the time of pantograph installation to the present, and the number of anomalies in the last ZN days; among which, the number of anomalies includes the number of times arcing and overheating occurred.

10. An intelligent monitoring device for pantograph-catenary systems, characterized in that, The device includes: a communication unit and a processing unit; The communication unit is used to acquire target data of the current train pantograph; wherein, the target data includes the number of anomalies, the number of repairs, and the cumulative usage time; The processing unit is used to: adaptively set the monitoring frequency based on target data; acquire the current monitoring data of the train pantograph according to the monitoring frequency; determine the temperature aging factor based on the pantograph temperature; determine the characteristic temperature aging factor of the current pantograph based on historical temperature aging factors; determine the wear factor based on the pantograph contact pressure; determine the characteristic wear factor of the current pantograph based on historical wear factors; and issue a maintenance notification for the current pantograph based on the characteristic temperature aging factor and the characteristic wear factor. The monitoring data includes the pantograph contact pressure and temperature.

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