A gyrotron integrated test analysis method

Abstract

The application discloses a gyrotron integrated test analysis method, and belongs to the field of high-power microwave device testing. The method designs a steady-state working condition debugging starting point according to a starting current curve; and combines experimental power measurement data to correct a simulated power characteristic surface. The method provided by the application combines theoretical simulation with experimental data, realizes rapid identification and optimization of gyrotron working characteristics, improves debugging efficiency and precision, and is suitable for engineering debugging and operation optimization of an electron cyclotron resonance heating system. The method has the advantages of process standardization, high safety and strong migration, and can improve debugging efficiency, enhance calibration precision and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-power microwave device testing, and more specifically, relates to a method for integrated testing and analysis of gyrotrons. Background Technology

[0002] Gyrotrons, high-power millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave vacuum electronic devices based on the electron cyclotron maser principle, are the core power source for electron cyclotron resonant heating and current-driven systems in current magnetic confinement fusion experimental devices. By efficiently converting the kinetic energy of the electron beam into millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation, they provide precise and localized energy injection and current profile control for plasmas in devices such as tokamas and stellarators, making them one of the key technologies for achieving high-performance plasma steady-state operation. With the development of thermonuclear fusion experimental reactors and next-generation fusion devices, increasingly stringent requirements are being placed on the output power (reaching megawatt levels), frequency (covering 28-170 GHz and even higher frequencies), efficiency, and long-pulse / continuous-wave operation capabilities of gyrotrons.

[0003] In the entire chain of gyrotron engineering, from design and manufacturing to practical application, commissioning is an indispensable and crucial step to ensure its performance meets standards and operates stably and reliably. The core objective of commissioning is to find and stably operate this complex nonlinear system at its optimal operating point, characterized by the highest efficiency and purest operating mode, under actual external conditions such as power supply, magnetic field, and cooling. However, current gyrotron engineering commissioning practices heavily rely on the "experience-based judgment" and "trial-and-error" exploration of senior engineers, resulting in drawbacks such as reliance on experience and low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the existing technology, the present invention provides a gyro tube integrated testing and analysis method, thereby solving the problems of existing gyro tube debugging methods relying on experience and having low efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for integrated testing and analysis of gyrotrons is provided, comprising: S1, Calculate the longitudinal magnetic field under the target operating mode. The corresponding starting current when taking different values The value, plot - Relationship curve, obtain the curve on The minimum value corresponding to value ;according to draw Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A cluster of contour lines forming a two-dimensional plane; scanning Calculate the corresponding beam current To draw the startup trajectory; to obtain the point where the startup trajectory crosses the contour line cluster, and to record the location of that point. value and value Set the target value of the beam current. ,according to filament power of the gyrotube initial settings The corrected filament power is obtained by making corrections. ; S2, respectively in the interval 、[ Internal , Perform N value selections to form N values. and Combination of values ;Will Set as Measure each combination of values The output microwave power of the lower gyrotron is measured to obtain the output microwave power value. ; S3, for and Multiple scans were performed. and Combination of values ;Keep and The value remains unchanged and will be combined with each value. Corresponding work point Substituting the values ​​into the nonlinear self-consistent simulation model, we obtain the various combinations of values. Simulated values ​​of the output microwave power of the lower gyrotron By fitting the surface function of the simulated power characteristic data of the gyrotron, we can obtain the surface function of the simulated power characteristic data. ; S4, Define the modified surface function ,in, , Let be the surface deformation parameter vector to be optimized, in order to maximize and The similarity between them is used as the objective to solve for the result. optimal value ,Will As a calibration surface for the power characteristics of a gyrotron.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a computer-readable storage medium and a processor; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method as described in the first aspect.

[0007] According to a third aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to perform the method as described in the first aspect.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0009] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. Standardize processes and improve standardization: The complex debugging work is broken down into three logically clear stages, forming a reproducible standard operating procedure, which reduces the over-reliance on personal experience.

[0010] 2. High safety and controllable risk: By actively designing a safe starting point through oscillation current analysis, the unstable operation or equipment damage that may be caused by blindly applying power is avoided.

[0011] 3. Improved debugging efficiency: Replacing empirical experiments with system simulation scanning and manual parameter tuning with intelligent data fusion can significantly shorten the debugging cycle.

[0012] 4. Enhanced calibration accuracy and reliability: The corrected power characteristic surface integrates theoretical priors and experimental evidence, resulting in calibration accuracy higher than pure simulation or simple interpolation.

[0013] 5. High portability: The core method does not depend on a specific tube type and is applicable to the commissioning of gyrotrons of different frequencies and powers, with a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts for the gyrotube integrated testing and analysis method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 The second flowchart is a gyrocompass integrated testing and analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 The output power sensitivity curves obtained from batch simulations of a 105 GHz / 500 kW gyrotron are provided for embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 The oscillation current contour lines and starting trajectory diagrams provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 The method provided in the embodiments of the present invention is in Simulated and corrected output power surface contour plot on a plane. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0020] Current gyrotron engineering commissioning practices heavily rely on the "experience-based judgment" and "trial-and-error" exploration of senior engineers. This is mainly due to the following reasons: First, theoretical design models are based on idealized assumptions, while actual manufacturing inevitably involves tolerances, leading to deviations in key parameters such as resonant cavity frequency and electron gun conductivity, making the theoretical design point not the actual optimal operating point. Second, as a high-power-density device, the performance of the gyrotron is extremely sensitive to operating parameters (such as injection voltage, beam current, longitudinal magnetic field, and filament power), and there are complex coupling relationships between these parameters, resulting in a large parameter space. Pure experimental exploration is inefficient and risky. Third, during operation, the cathode emission performance of the gyrotron decays over time, and the cavity may undergo slight deformation due to thermal load, causing its "optimal operating point" to gradually drift, requiring periodic recalibration.

[0021] Although there are mature nonlinear self-consistent theories for the injection-wave interaction mechanism of gyroscopes and various numerical simulation codes (such as those based on modal theory and particle simulation) have been developed, which can accurately predict their output characteristics, these simulation tools are usually used for early physical design and performance prediction, and have not been deeply integrated with the later engineering commissioning process.

[0022] Therefore, it is evident that establishing a systematic approach that organically combines theoretical simulation "feedforward" guidance with limited engineering test data "feedback" correction, forming a complete, reproducible, and efficient debugging process from "model simulation" to "experimental calibration" and then to "characteristic calibration," is of great significance for improving the engineering level of the ECRH system and ensuring the reliability of the device operation.

[0023] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for integrated testing and analysis of gyrotrons, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: S1, Calculate the longitudinal magnetic field under the target operating mode. The corresponding starting current when taking different values The value, plot - Relationship curve, obtain the curve on The minimum value corresponding to value ;according to draw Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A cluster of contour lines forming a two-dimensional plane; scanning Calculate the corresponding beam current To draw the startup trajectory; to obtain the point where the startup trajectory crosses the contour line cluster, and to record the location of that point. value and value Set the target value of the beam current. ,according to filament power of the gyrotube initial settings The corrected filament power is obtained by making corrections. .

[0024] Preferably, in step S1, according to and Drawing the calculation formula Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A cluster of contour lines on a two-dimensional plane; The calculation formula is:

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, by combining... Calculation formula and Relationship and The relationship is used to obtain the point where the starting trajectory crosses the contour line cluster; and The relation is:

[0026] and The relation is:

[0027] Preferably, in step S1, according to filament power of the gyrotube initial settings The corrected filament power is obtained by making corrections. ,include: Will Set as Measure and a set of injection voltages With the corresponding beam current The actual value, used as experimental data. By fitting, we can obtain and Fitted values and ; Will , , Substitute into the formula ,get Correction value ; Will Substitute into the formula The filament temperature is obtained. Correction value ; Will Substitute into the formula Calculated ;in, For ambient temperature, To and The corresponding filament temperature.

[0028] Specifically, the method provided by the present invention first performs an analysis of the working characteristics of the gyrotube before step S1: A high-fidelity simulation model of the injection-wave interaction of a gyrotube (i.e., a nonlinear injection-wave interaction simulation model, which is an existing model) was constructed based on nonlinear self-consistent theory to study the injection voltage. , beam current Longitudinal magnetic field electron transverse and longitudinal velocity ratio A systematic scan of key parameters was performed, and these key parameters were substituted into the simulation model. Numerical methods such as the shooting method or Newton's gradient descent method were used to solve the model to obtain the steady-state operating solution of the gyrotron (i.e., the output power). ), plot the output power Characteristic curves and spectra that vary with various parameters, specifically including: (1) Establish a set of coupled equations describing the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the relativistic electron beam in the resonant cavity (i.e., construct a high-fidelity simulation model of the gyro tube beam-wave interaction based on nonlinear self-consistent theory). The set of coupled equations includes field equations and electron motion equations. The field equations are used to describe the spatial distribution and evolution of the microwave field in the resonant cavity under the excitation of the electron beam source. The electron motion equations are used to describe the relativistic trajectory and energy change of electrons under the action of an external magnetic field and a self-consistent microwave field. (2) The coupled equations are numerically solved to obtain the steady-state working solution of the gyrotron under given operating parameters. The numerical solution process includes: using a macroparticle model to characterize the electron beam, and applying a finite difference scheme to discretize the field equations and the electron motion equations respectively. The field equations and the electron motion equations are shown below (see Avramidis K. A.. Investigations and advanced concepts on gyrotron interaction modeling and simulations [J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2015. 22(12): 123114, obtained from: AIPPublishing https: / / doi.org / 10.1063 / 1.4938043): Field equations:

[0029]

[0030] Equation of electron motion:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, the subscript and These refer to specific modes and electrons, respectively. The solution to the system of equations is... Axial distribution and Axial distribution is the target parameter, and is subject to operating parameters ( The influence of ) )and( As an undetermined coefficient, its value is determined by the reflection coefficient criterion. The boundary conditions are set as follows , The boundary conditions are determined by the initial electron velocity, and the remaining parameters ( Given a given condition, the field distribution can be obtained by simultaneously solving the field equations and the electron motion equations using the finite difference method. In order to obtain microwave output power.

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, The permeability of free space, for . conjugate.

[0035] Because the above calculations assume the following... and The value of is therefore needed to be further determined based on the following criteria.

[0036] Based on the reflection coefficient criterion, the initial amplitude and oscillation frequency of the microwave field are scanned or iteratively solved by the shooting method or Newton's gradient descent method until a self-consistent solution is found that satisfies the reflection coefficient being close to the origin on the complex plane. This solution corresponds to a steady-state working state of the gyrotube. The solution is based on the reflection coefficient criterion, specifically: defining the reflection coefficient at the output of the resonant cavity. Its expression is:

[0037] in, For mode field amplitude, This refers to the axial position of the resonant cavity output end. The axial wave number; when the initial field value is adjusted... and frequency Make When the modulus is sufficiently close to zero, a physical steady-state solution is obtained.

[0038] Constructing the reflection coefficient ( The real part of ) ) and imaginary part ( ) for the normalized initial field amplitude ( ) and normalized frequency ( Jacobian matrix of ) ); Through iterative formula:

[0039] Continuously updated ( )and( ), until ( )and( The values ​​of both matrices approach zero, thus yielding a steady-state working solution. The Jacobian matrix (...) The partial derivatives in the equation are approximately obtained using the numerical difference method.

[0040] (3) Based on the above numerical solution, perform single-parameter or multi-parameter combination scanning on the key operating parameters, calculate and record the output microwave power (i.e., output power) at each parameter point. ), thus obtaining a family of sensitivity curves of output power relative to various parameters, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, sensitivity analysis reveals that the injection voltage and longitudinal magnetic field together determine the optimal operating state of the gyrotron, providing a theoretical basis and parameter adjustment range for subsequent engineering commissioning.

[0041] Based on the above analysis, the method provided by this invention performs steady-state operating condition adjustment (safe start-up) in step S1: This step aims to determine a safe and reliable initial set of commissioning parameters. First, an analysis of the gyrotron's oscillation current (the gyrotron is only ready to start when the beam current is greater than the oscillation current) is performed: the target electromagnetic field mode is calculated. - Curve and in contour map of a plane (e.g.) Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a startup trajectory entirely located within the "soft excitation region" was designed, and a conservative point on the trajectory was selected as the debugging starting point. Secondly, filament power calibration was performed using a thermal emission physics model: injection voltage-beam current data were obtained through a small-scale voltage boosting experiment, and the Richard-Douchmann formula was fitted to deduce the parameters needed to achieve the target beam current. The required filament power correction value. This stage is used to ensure that the gyrotron can be successfully excited on the first attempt and enter a steady state with minimal risk.

[0042] Specifically, the process of obtaining the debugging starting point includes: (1) Based on linear theory or nonlinear simulation, calculate the target working mode under different longitudinal magnetic fields. The starting current under ,draw - Relationship curves, such as Figure 4 As shown by the curve in the left-hand figure; the longitudinal magnetic field value corresponding to the minimum starting current on this curve is selected as the starting magnetic field for debugging. The initial selection value; (2) Based on the system efficiency and stability requirements, set a suitable target value for the beam current at the starting point of commissioning. , The value is greater than the above - The minimum starting current in the relationship curve.

[0043] (3) According to Calculate the starting current Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A contour map on a two-dimensional plane (such as...) Figure 4 As shown in the figure on the right, the cluster of curves in the figure is the cluster of contour lines. The specific calculation formula is as follows;

[0044] In the formula, The formulas for calculating the electron axial and axial momentum related parameters are as follows: , Both are related to the ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities. related; Due to the injection voltage Decide; Detuning factor The calculation formula is as follows;

[0045] Therefore, as can be seen from the formula for calculating the starting current, besides the scientific constant... , , , Parameters related to structural design 、 、 、 、 、 The starting current is only related to ( (This is related to) continuous scanning. and ,Will and and Substituting all the values ​​into the above formula, the starting current can be plotted. Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A contour map on a two-dimensional plane.

[0046] (4) and The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, and These are the design values ​​for the electron transverse and longitudinal velocity ratio and the injection voltage, respectively, obtained from the gyrotron's manufacturer's instructions.

[0049] scanning Calculate the startup trajectory: that is, the "startup trajectory" of the smooth transition from zero bead voltage to the contour cluster; on this startup trajectory, the beam current... Injection voltage The change in growth follows the Richard-Dushman formula.

[0050] In the formula, For parameters related to the cathode material, These are parameters related to temperature and structure. and All values ​​are based on design values.

[0051] Obtain the point where the starting trajectory crosses the contour line cluster, and then locate the point at that point. and The value is used as the starting voltage for debugging. and speed ratio The method for obtaining this point is: combining the oscillation current formula, about The formula about The formula is used to solve for the intersection of the three expressions in the gyro tube state space. ).

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown in the right figure, when considering In the case of dimension, the curve represented by this starting trajectory and the contour cluster represent The surface has two intersection points, meaning that solving the system of equations consisting of the three expressions above yields two solutions, where... , The point with the largest value is the point where the starting trajectory crosses the contour line cluster.

[0053] The filament power is calculated based on the emission characteristics of the hot cathode, specifically including: (1) Under the initially set filament power of the gyrotube, a small-range voltage boosting experiment was conducted, and multiple sets of injection voltages were measured. With the corresponding actual beam current data; (2) Simplified form of the Richard-Duschmann formula based on thermionic emission: ; for experimentally measured The data was fitted with linear regression to determine... and Fitted values and ,Will Substitute into the formula get The value will Substitute into the formula get The value; in, The cathode emission band area; The average distance between the cathode emitter and the anode; The overflow work of the cathode emitter is the design value; This refers to the filament temperature; the design value is used.

[0054] (3) The target value of the starting beam current determined in the previous steps and starting voltage and the results obtained in the previous step , Substitute the values ​​together into the formula. To achieve Required filament temperature ; (4) Establish filament heating power (i.e., filament power) and cathode temperature rise A simplified heat conduction model between them, assuming Based on the initial filament power The corresponding initial temperature measured and target temperature The corrected filament power required to achieve the target beam current is calculated based on the proportional relationship. The formula is:

[0055] in, The ambient temperature.

[0056] S2, respectively in the interval 、[ Internal , Perform N value selections to form N values. and Combination of values ;Will Set as Measure each combination of values The output microwave power of the lower gyrotron is measured to obtain the output microwave power value. .

[0057] Specifically, in step S2, through experimentation, at the debugging starting point... On the basis of, ±a、 Within the range of ±b, scan N times according to the preset step size. Operating point, filament power set to correction value The actual output microwave power of the gyrotron is measured using calorimetry or other power measurement methods. This constitutes the experimental measurement dataset.

[0058] The values ​​of N, a, and b can be set by the user. Due to the low efficiency and difficulty of experimental measurement, the value of N is usually no more than 10. As an example, the value of a can be 5000, and the value of b can be 0.1.

[0059] S3, for and Multiple scans were performed. and Combination of values ;Keep and The value remains unchanged and will be combined with each value. Corresponding work point Substituting the values ​​into the nonlinear self-consistent simulation model, we obtain the various combinations of values. Simulated values ​​of the output microwave power of the lower gyrotron Existing fitting methods (such as interpolation) are used to fit these simulation values ​​to obtain the surface function of the simulated power characteristic data of the gyrotron. ; Specifically, in step S3, by... and Fix the filament power to maintain the correction value. Using a nonlinear self-consistent simulation model, the longitudinal magnetic field was analyzed. and injection voltage A dense two-dimensional scan is performed within the area containing the design points and the expected working range to calculate each... Simulated output power at grid points To form a simulated power characteristic data surface .

[0060] S4, Define the modified surface function ,in, , Let be the surface deformation parameter vector to be optimized, in order to maximize and The similarity between them is used as the objective to solve for the result. optimal value ,Will As a calibration surface for the power characteristics of a gyrotron.

[0061] Specifically, in step S4, when the condition is satisfied... In this case, define the modified surface function. ,in Let be the vector of surface deformation parameters to be optimized; Construct an optimization objective function to constrain the modified surface to maintain morphological similarity with the simulated surface. for:

[0062] in, For calculation and A function of cosine similarity or structural similarity between two surfaces; Then, the objective function is solved using any existing method. For example, particle swarm optimization can be used to solve the parameters. Through iterative optimization, the optimal parameters are finally obtained. and the corresponding modified power characteristic surface The corrected power characteristic surface This surface serves as the true power calibration surface for the gyrotron, representing its actual power response. It can be used to accurately find the optimal operating point and calibrate the power for any given parameters. The operating point can be obtained by querying or interpolating the surface to obtain the calibrated output power value.

[0063] It is understood that the gyrotron is a high-power gyrotron used in the electron gyrotron resonance heating system of a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion experimental device; the method provided by the present invention is applicable to, but not limited to, gyrotron commissioning during the construction, maintenance or performance reassessment of the ECRH system of the J-TEXT device.

[0064] The method provided by the present invention will be further illustrated below with a specific example.

[0065] Taking the 105 GHz / 500 kW gyrotron of the J-TEXT device ECRH I system as an example: (1) Operating Characteristics Analysis. A digital model of the 105 GHz gyrotron was established using simulation code based on nonlinear self-consistent theory. Newton's gradient descent method was used as the solver to scan the design parameters. Through batch simulations, the following results were obtained: Figure 3 The power sensitivity curve is shown. Analysis reveals that in this tube type, and right The effect exhibits a significant peak characteristic, which is key to finding the optimal operating point.

[0066] (2) Steady-state operating condition calibration. First, calculate the target mode ( The starting current of the oscillation. Draw the plot. - Curve, setting At its minimum value. Plot the magnetic field under this magnetic field. exist contour map of a plane (e.g.) Figure 4 (As shown in the left figure). The electron beam voltage near the end of the starting trajectory is selected as... and set the target beam current .

[0067] Next, the filament power is calibrated. At the initial filament power, a voltage boosting experiment is conducted, and the fitting formula is determined. Obtain the values ​​of A and B. Then, calculate the terminal voltage. With beam current Substituting the values, the required cathode temperature is calculated, and the new filament power is obtained. The filament power is adjusted to the desired value, and the power supply parameters are set to the initial voltage and magnetic field. The gyrotron starts smoothly, and the beam current stabilizes around the target value.

[0068] (3) Output power correction and calibration. Keeping the filament power constant, perform a simulated two-dimensional scan to generate... Curved surfaces, their contour lines are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the left figure.

[0069] After the gyrotube is running stably, select a finite number of different The experiment was conducted using a combination of methods, and the power value was measured by calorimetry. A modified surface model was constructed. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was then used for fusion correction. The resulting corrected surface was obtained after optimization. Its contour lines are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the right figure, the cosine similarity with the experimental data exceeds 90%. Subsequently, researchers can directly query this corrected surface to obtain the calibrated power value under any set parameters and quickly locate the current optimal operating point.

[0070] This invention provides an electronic device, including: a computer-readable storage medium and a processor; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0071] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that cause a processor to perform the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0072] This invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated testing and analysis of gyrotubes, characterized in that, include: S1, Calculate the longitudinal magnetic field under the target operating mode. The corresponding starting current when taking different values The value, plot - Relationship curve, obtain the curve on The minimum value corresponding to value ;according to draw Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A cluster of contour lines forming a two-dimensional plane; scanning Calculate the corresponding beam current To draw the startup trajectory; to obtain the point where the startup trajectory crosses the contour line cluster, and to record the location of that point. value and value Set the target value of the beam current. ,according to filament power of the gyrotube initial settings The corrected filament power is obtained by making corrections. ; S2, respectively in the interval 、[ Internal , Perform N value selections to form N values. and Combination of values ;Will Set as Measure each combination of values The output microwave power of the lower gyrotron is measured to obtain the output microwave power value. ; S3, for and Multiple scans were performed. and Combination of values ;Keep and The value remains unchanged and will be combined with each value. Corresponding work point Substituting the values ​​into the nonlinear self-consistent simulation model, we obtain the various combinations of values. Simulated values ​​of the output microwave power of the lower gyrotron By fitting the surface function of the simulated power characteristic data of the gyrotron, we can obtain the surface function of the simulated power characteristic data. ; S4, Define the modified surface function ,in, , Let be the surface deformation parameter vector to be optimized, in order to maximize and The similarity between them is used as the objective to solve for the result. optimal value ,Will As a calibration surface for the power characteristics of a gyrotron.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, according to and Calculation formula drawing Injection voltage The ratio of electron transverse and longitudinal velocities A cluster of contour lines on a two-dimensional plane; The calculation formula is: in, For the relativistic factor of the electron, ; For the relativistic axial velocity of the electron, , For the relativistic transverse velocity of the electron, ; This is the relativistic velocity of the electron; ; For the cold cavity quality factor, For vacuum electromagnetic wave impedance, For electron charge, For electronic quality, At the speed of light, For microwave wavelengths, The length of the resonant cavity. For injection-wave coupling coefficients, The detuning factor, For the electric field amplitude distribution, For the axial coordinates of the rotary tube, Let be the axial velocity of the electron. The harmonic order of the microwave is [value]. This is the transverse wavenumber of the microwave.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, by combining Calculation formula and Relationship and The system of equations composed of relational expressions is solved to obtain the point where the starting trajectory crosses the contour line cluster; and The relation is: in, , , and They are respectively , and Design values, For the relativistic factor of the electron; and The relation is: in, For parameters related to the cathode material, For parameters related to temperature and structure, when solving the system of equations, and All values ​​are based on design values.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, according to filament power of the gyrotube initial settings The corrected filament power is obtained by making corrections. ,include: Will Set as Measurement and multiple sets of injection voltage With the corresponding beam current The actual value, used as experimental data. By fitting, we can obtain and Fitted values and ; Will Substitute into the formula get The value will Substitute into the formula get The value of; where, The cathode emission band area; The average distance between the cathode emitter and the anode; The filament temperature is the design value. The overflow work of the cathode emitter is the design value; Will , , , Substitute into the formula To achieve Required filament temperature ; Will Substitute into the formula Calculated ;in, For ambient temperature, To and The corresponding filament temperature.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Computer-readable storage media and processors; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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