Split explosion-proof solid-state battery box and solid-state battery

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of solid battery box and solid battery of compartment explosion-proof.The solid battery box of compartment explosion-proof is constituted by upper cover and box body, the box body is connected by box frame and bottom guard plate, the inside area of the box frame is divided to form multiple independent module arrangement cavities of airtight isolation, each independent module arrangement cavity is provided with independent explosion-proof valve, the box frame is integrated with independent exhaust passage communicated with explosion-proof valve, the independent exhaust passage of multiple module arrangement cavities is not communicated, the module arrangement cavity has for providing sustained pre-tightening pressure to battery module.The proposed battery box can provide uniform, stable, adjustable sustained ultra-high strong pre-tightening pressure for solid battery module, through the design of independent cavity and exhaust passage, directional pressure relief and physical isolation of thermal runaway event are realized, and chain reaction is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-state battery technology, and in particular to a compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing and a solid-state battery. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state batteries are considered a crucial direction for next-generation power batteries, but their operating mechanism requires continuous application of ultra-high pressure. Meanwhile, battery safety, especially thermal runaway protection, remains a core challenge for the industry. Solid-state battery cells, especially during charging and discharging, require continuous, uniform, and ultra-high intensity static pressure (typically several megapascals to tens of megapascals) along their thickness to maintain tight contact at the solid-solid interface and reduce interfacial impedance. Existing battery housings primarily focus on thermal management and conventional protection; current conventional power battery housing structures cannot meet this pressure requirement. Simply increasing material thickness leads to a significant increase in weight, severely sacrificing the battery system's energy density. Therefore, effectively controlling the housing weight while ensuring it can withstand ultra-high preload and external impacts, balancing the contradiction between lightweight design and high strength, is a critical problem that needs to be solved for the lightweighting of electric vehicles. Furthermore, solid-state batteries still pose a risk of thermal runaway under extreme abuse conditions. If a cell or module experiences thermal runaway, the resulting gases and high-temperature ejecta, if not effectively channeled and isolated, will rapidly spread throughout the entire battery pack, triggering a catastrophic chain reaction. However, existing solid-state battery cases lack comprehensive solutions for the ultra-high pressure requirements and extreme safety protection of solid-state batteries.

[0003] Patent document CN218827545U discloses a battery box with an internal sliding component that divides the internal cavity into two chambers. The volume of the first chamber, used to house individual battery cells, can change as the battery expands to release the expansion force. This solution focuses on passively adapting to battery expansion and does not address providing active, continuous, ultra-high pre-tightening pressure for solid-state batteries, nor does it mention the design of independent chambers and venting channels to address thermal runaway.

[0004] Patent document CN115275473A discloses a solid-state battery module and a solid-state battery pack. Its technical solution mainly focuses on the heat dissipation management of the solid-state battery and the fixing methods between modules. This solution primarily addresses the thermal management and general fixing of the solid-state battery, but it does not solve the problem of the continuous ultra-high pressure required for the normal operation of the solid-state battery, nor does its structure involve module-level isolation protection against thermal runaway.

[0005] Patent document CN120709573A discloses a battery box assembly and vehicle, which improves the overall structural strength and impact resistance of the battery box by setting reinforcing ribs and cavity structures. This solution focuses on improving the mechanical strength and impact resistance of the box itself through structural design, without addressing the mechanism of providing mechanical pressure to the solid-state battery, nor emphasizing the isolation and directional venting of thermal runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and defects of the prior art and provide a pressure-resistant and explosion-proof battery housing for solid-state batteries, as well as a solid-state battery using this battery housing. The proposed battery housing can provide uniform, stable, and adjustable continuous ultra-high pre-tightening pressure for solid-state battery modules. Through the design of independent cavities and exhaust channels, it can achieve directional pressure relief and physical isolation of thermal runaway events, preventing chain reactions.

[0007] One objective of this invention is to provide a compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure. The enclosure comprises a top cover and a body, the body being constructed from a frame and a bottom protective plate. The inner area of ​​the frame is divided into multiple airtight, independent module arrangement cavities. Each independent module arrangement cavity is equipped with an independent explosion-proof valve. The frame integrates an independent exhaust channel communicating with the explosion-proof valve. The independent exhaust channels of the multiple module arrangement cavities are not interconnected. Each module arrangement cavity is equipped with a battery module clamping mechanism for providing continuous pre-tightening pressure required for the operation of the battery modules.

[0008] Preferably, the battery module clamping mechanism includes a sliding beam, which cooperates with the clamping mechanism to actively apply continuous ultra-high static pressure to the side of the battery module under the action of the clamping mechanism to clamp the battery module.

[0009] Preferably, both ends of the sliding beam are engaged with the guide mechanism, enabling it to move linearly along the guide mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the guiding mechanism is at least one of a guide groove, a linear guide rail, or a guide bushing.

[0011] Preferably, the tightening mechanism is at least one of a set screw, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping mechanism cooperates with the guide bushing and advances in a straight line along the guide bushing during clamping.

[0013] Preferably, the inner area of ​​the box frame is divided into multiple modular arrangement cavities by internal beams or partitions.

[0014] Preferably, the internal beams / partitions are welded to the box frame, or are achieved using integral casting or stamping technology.

[0015] Preferably, the top cover and bottom protective plate are connected to the box frame by bolts; preferably, the box frame is made of high-strength steel or high-strength aluminum alloy, the sliding beam is made of high-strength steel or high-strength aluminum alloy, and the top cover is made of fiber composite material.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state battery, including the aforementioned compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing.

[0017] The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure of this application features a design with independent compartmentalized chambers and independent exhaust channels, achieving physical-level thermal runaway isolation. When a module in one of the chambers fails, the generated high-temperature and high-pressure substances are strictly confined within that chamber and rapidly discharged through a dedicated channel, preventing them from affecting adjacent modules. This fundamentally cuts off the heat propagation path, greatly improving the system safety of the battery pack and achieving superior safety protection capabilities.

[0018] The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure of this application, through the mechanical combination of sliding beams and clamping mechanisms, transforms the unidirectional clamping force into a uniform clamping force on both sides of the battery module. The structure is ingenious, the force transmission path is clear, and it can provide stable, controllable, and continuous high pressure that far exceeds the capacity of traditional enclosures, effectively ensuring the performance and lifespan of solid-state batteries and accurately meeting the pressure requirements of solid-state batteries. Moreover, the design of sliding beams and clamping mechanisms makes the installation of battery modules, the application of pre-tightening force, and subsequent maintenance such as replacing individual modules very convenient, improving production efficiency and maintainability, and achieving high manufacturability and maintainability.

[0019] The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure of this application employs a composite solution of a high-strength steel / high-strength aluminum alloy frame, sliding beams, and a fiber composite material (PCM) cover. This achieves an excellent balance between lightweight and strength. High-strength materials are used in the most stress-bearing and support components, while lightweight materials are used in the non-primarily pressure-bearing covering areas. This ensures the enclosure possesses ultra-high overall strength while achieving optimal weight control. Through the combined application of aluminum alloy and high-strength steel, a lightweight design is achieved while maintaining ultra-high structural strength. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inner structure of the module arrangement cavity of the compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery box of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the set screws and guide bushings of the compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 These are two enlarged views of parts of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] See Figure 1 As shown in the exemplary embodiment of this application, the compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure is a pressure-resistant explosion-proof enclosure for solid-state batteries. It consists of a top cover 2 and an enclosure body. The enclosure body is formed by connecting an enclosure frame 1 and a bottom protective plate 5. The inner area of ​​the enclosure frame is divided to form multiple airtight and isolated independent module arrangement cavities 4. Each independent module arrangement cavity is equipped with an independent explosion-proof valve 9. An independent exhaust channel 10 communicating with the explosion-proof valve is integrated on the enclosure frame. The independent exhaust channels of the multiple module arrangement cavities are not interconnected, realizing directional pressure relief and physical isolation in case of thermal runaway. The module arrangement cavity is equipped with a battery module clamping mechanism for providing the battery module with the continuous pre-tightening pressure required for operation.

[0026] In this embodiment, each independent module arrangement cavity has an independent explosion-proof valve 9 on its external panel. Corresponding to each explosion-proof valve 9, an independent exhaust channel 10 is integrated inside the housing frame 1, communicating with the explosion-proof valve 9 through an outlet 11 on the side wall of the housing frame 1. The exhaust channels 10 of each cavity are independent and not interconnected. Thus, when a battery module in an independent cavity experiences thermal runaway, the internal pressure increases sharply, breaking through the explosion-proof valve 9 of that cavity. High-temperature flames and gases enter the corresponding independent exhaust channel 10 and are safely discharged from the outlet 11. Because each cavity and exhaust channel is completely isolated, the event is confined to the faulty unit and will not spread, thereby achieving independent control of each cavity in the event of thermal runaway without affecting others.

[0027] In one embodiment, the box frame is made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy, such as 7-series aluminum alloy welded together, which mainly provides the main rigidity and strength required to support the entire box structure and withstand the huge reaction force of the clamping mechanism.

[0028] In one embodiment, the interior of the box frame 1 is divided into multiple independent module arrangement cavities 4 by internal beams 3. These independent module arrangement cavities are physically isolated by the internal beams 3, with each cavity forming an independent sealing unit. The internal beams 3 are constructed by vertically intersecting longitudinal and transverse beams, forming multiple independent cavities to house the modules, thus achieving physical isolation between the modules. The internal beams 3 can be welded to the box frame 1 to form independent cavities, or the box frame 1 can be integrally cast or stamped to create a partition structure that forms the independent cavities.

[0029] In one embodiment, the top cover 2 can be made of fiber-reinforced composite materials, such as PCM, RTM, SMC, STM, etc., to achieve lightweighting. Preferably, the top cover and the housing frame are connected by bolts for a sealed connection.

[0030] In one embodiment, the bottom protective plate 5 is made of high-strength steel substrate with stone impact resistance coating on the bottom outer surface or composite material with honeycomb structure. For example, composite material or lightweight metal composite structure is used to achieve high-strength protection of the bottom. Preferably, the bottom protective plate 5 is connected to the box frame 1 by bolt sealing.

[0031] In one embodiment, the battery module clamping mechanism includes a sliding beam 6, which cooperates with the clamping mechanism 7 to actively and precisely apply continuous ultra-high static pressure to the side of the battery module under the action of the clamping mechanism to clamp the battery module. Exemplarily, in each independent module arrangement cavity of the housing frame 1, at least two parallel guide grooves 8 are provided along the length of the longitudinal beam of the housing frame. The sliding beam 6 is preferably a long strip-shaped component, made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy, with a groove at its bottom that cooperates with the guide groove 8. The sliding beam rests in the guide groove, with its bottom in contact with the guide groove and its side leaving a gap with the guide groove to prevent the sliding beam from tilting at a small angle and getting stuck in the guide groove during the driving process, thus preventing it from continuing to move. The sliding beam 6 is located on one or both sides of the battery module.

[0032] It should be noted that in this application, the guide groove 8 can be replaced with a linear guide rail or a guide bushing structure, which can also achieve the smooth linear motion of the sliding beam 6.

[0033] In one embodiment, the clamping mechanism 7 is located at one or both ends of the module arrangement cavity, including a guide bushing 7b and a drive assembly. The guide bushing is installed in the box beam by screws 7c. The drive assembly is preferably a set screw 7a, but can also be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod (the corresponding guide bushing has a smooth internal structure and is guided by the drive assembly through a shaft hole). The hydraulic cylinder can provide a larger and more uniform thrust, while the electric push rod provides more precise control. The drive assembly can move along the guide bushing 7b along the length of the box, thereby applying axial thrust to the sliding beam 6. During battery assembly, after the solid-state battery module is placed between the sliding beams 6 on both sides, torque is applied to the set screw 7a, which moves forward along the guide bushing 7b (which has an internal thread structure), pressing the sliding beam 6 and causing it to slide synchronously towards the module side along the guide groove 8, ultimately clamping the battery module tightly and providing continuous, uniform, ultra-high static pressure to the module in the width direction. In addition, the torque of the set screw 7a can be monitored by a pressure sensing mechanism on the battery module.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the housing frame 1 is welded from 7-series aluminum alloy and internally divided into six independent cavities. The sliding beam 6 is made of ultra-high-strength steel with a yield strength of over 1000 MPa. The clamping mechanism 7 uses guide bushings made of ultra-high-strength steel and 10.9 grade set screws. The upper cover 2 is made of composite material PCM. During installation, a preload of hundreds of MPa is applied to the modules in each cavity. Testing showed that in a simulated thermal runaway experiment on one side of the module, the remaining modules functioned normally, achieving thermal isolation.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the main load-bearing structure of the battery box, including the box frame 1, internal beams 3, sliding beams 6, and clamping mechanism 7, is made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy; the non-primarily load-bearing coverings, such as the top cover 2 and bottom protective plate 5, are made of composite materials or lightweight metal composite structures, forming a lightweight, high-strength box structure with functional partitions and multiple materials. It should be noted that the entire battery box in this application can also be manufactured using a combination of different metal materials such as steel, aluminum, and titanium alloys to meet the strength and lightweight requirements of each part.

[0036] In the battery system using the battery housing of this invention, the clamping mechanism 7 provides stable pressure to the battery modules during normal operation. When a battery module in an independent cavity experiences thermal runaway, the internal pressure surges, rupturing the explosion-proof valve 9 of that cavity. High-temperature flames and gases enter the corresponding independent exhaust channel 10 and are safely discharged from the outlet 11. Because each cavity and exhaust channel is completely isolated, the event is confined to the faulty unit and does not spread. Compared to a battery system without independent cavities and exhaust channels, where battery modules share a large cavity, the battery system using the battery housing of this application, under the same thermal runaway triggering conditions, exhibits rapid diffusion of high-temperature gas throughout the entire battery housing, causing a sharp rise in the temperature of adjacent battery modules and subsequently triggering thermal runaway. This verifies the effectiveness of the independent cavity and exhaust channel design of this invention.

[0037] This invention employs a sliding beam and a clamping mechanism to actively apply and maintain the continuous ultra-high static pressure required for solid-state battery operation, rather than passively releasing expansion force, thus solving the problem of solid-state batteries requiring continuous ultra-high operating pressure. At the same time, this invention achieves module-level independent cavity and independent exhaust channel design to realize thermal runaway isolation, achieving module-level physical isolation of thermal runaway and improving safety.

[0038] In summary, this invention innovatively integrates three major technical features: sliding beam and clamping mechanism, module-level independent cavity and independent exhaust channel, and high-strength steel / aluminum alloy and composite material composite housing, forming a comprehensive solution specifically designed for the ultra-high working pressure requirements and "ultimate safety protection" of solid-state batteries, which has significant technical implications.

[0039] In a further embodiment of this application, a solid-state battery is also provided, including the aforementioned compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing.

[0040] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the invention.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure, characterized in that, It consists of a top cover and a housing. The housing is composed of a housing frame and a bottom protective plate. The inner area of ​​the housing frame is divided into multiple airtight and independent module arrangement cavities. Each independent module arrangement cavity is equipped with an independent explosion-proof valve. The housing frame integrates an independent exhaust channel that communicates with the explosion-proof valve. The independent exhaust channels of the multiple module arrangement cavities are not interconnected. Each module arrangement cavity is equipped with a battery module clamping mechanism for providing the battery module with the continuous pre-tightening pressure required for operation.

2. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module clamping mechanism includes a sliding beam, which cooperates with the clamping mechanism to actively apply continuous ultra-high static pressure to the side of the battery module under the action of the clamping mechanism to clamp the battery module.

3. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two ends of the sliding beam are engaged with the guide mechanism, allowing it to move linearly along the guide mechanism.

4. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism employs at least one of a guide groove, a linear guide rail, or a guide bushing.

5. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tightening mechanism employs at least one of a set screw, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod.

6. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tightening mechanism cooperates with the guide bushing and moves forward in a straight line along the guide bushing during tightening.

7. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner area of ​​the box frame is divided into multiple modular arrangement cavities by internal beams or partitions.

8. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The internal beams / partitions are welded to the box frame, or are achieved using integral casting or stamping technology.

9. The compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery housing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top cover and bottom protective plate are connected to the box frame by bolts; preferably, the box frame is made of high-strength steel or high-strength aluminum alloy, the sliding beam is made of high-strength steel or high-strength aluminum alloy, and the top cover is made of fiber composite material.

10. A solid-state battery, characterized in that, Includes the compartmentalized explosion-proof solid-state battery enclosure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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