A power supply detection device based on a multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design
The power supply detection device, with its multi-layer protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design, solves the safety and measurement accuracy problems of power supply detection equipment in high-frequency and high-voltage environments, achieving comprehensive protection and high-precision measurement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SUZHOU ELITE TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing power supply testing equipment has insufficient safety in high-frequency, high-voltage, and high-current environments. It has a single protection level, lacks active monitoring capabilities, and has inadequate isolation measures, which leads to decreased measurement accuracy and safety risks to operators.
It adopts a multi-layer protection circuit design, including a first-stage surge discharge unit, a second-stage voltage clamping unit, and a third-stage active cut-off unit. Combined with signal and power isolation modules, it constructs a defense-in-depth system. Through a closed-loop isolation measurement architecture with Δ-Σ modulation and digital feedback, it achieves safe isolation and high-precision measurement.
It provides comprehensive protection against transient pulse to continuous overvoltage and overcurrent faults, ensuring the safety of operators and equipment. It also eliminates the nonlinearity and temperature drift problems of traditional analog isolation devices, guaranteeing the stability and accuracy of measurements.
Smart Images
Figure CN122118618A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of power electronics testing and instrumentation technology, specifically to a power supply testing device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuits and high-voltage isolation design. Background Technology
[0002] In the fields of analytical chemistry instruments and biochemical medical devices, specialized light sources are widely used in precision testing equipment such as high-performance liquid chromatographs, spectrometers, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers. Specialized light source switching power supplies, such as deuterium lamps, typically operate under special conditions of high frequency, high voltage, and high current. Their electrical performance and reliability directly affect the analytical accuracy and stability of the entire instrument. Therefore, comprehensive and rigorous testing before the power supply leaves the factory is a crucial step in ensuring product quality.
[0003] However, the testing of special light source switching power supplies faces significant safety challenges. On the one hand, the rapid switching of power devices inside the power supply generates strong electromagnetic noise. Traditional testing methods require disconnecting the circuit to connect the sensor, which is complex and carries the risk of electric shock. On the other hand, testing equipment in industrial environments is susceptible to transient overvoltage shocks such as lightning strikes, power grid surges, or electrostatic discharges. These shocks can lead to abnormal measurement data or even equipment damage and personal injury. Existing testing equipment has significant shortcomings in its safety protection design, mainly manifested in problems such as a single protection level, lack of active monitoring capabilities, and inadequate isolation measures.
[0004] From the perspective of protection circuit design, traditional solutions often employ single-stage or two-stage passive protection devices, such as a simple combination of gas discharge tubes or transient suppression diodes. These can only cope with specific types of transient impacts and lack effective active detection and disconnection methods for continuous overvoltage and overcurrent faults. Furthermore, an effective electrical isolation barrier is often not established between the protection circuit and subsequent measurement circuits. Fault voltage on the high-voltage side may enter the low-voltage side through signal or power paths, endangering operator safety.
[0005] From the perspective of ensuring measurement accuracy, traditional isolation solutions mostly use analog isolation devices such as optocouplers or linear magnetic couplers. These devices have inherent nonlinear characteristics and temperature drift issues. As the usage time increases, the gain and offset of the isolation channel gradually deteriorate, leading to a decrease in measurement accuracy. Achieving safe isolation while ensuring long-term measurement stability under high-voltage environments has become a technical challenge in the design of testing equipment.
[0006] Chinese patent document CN205724880U discloses a lightning and electromagnetic pulse protection device for an electric meter box. It discloses a surge protection technical solution that uses a three-level protection system of gas discharge tube, decoupling resistor, and transient suppression diode combined with optocoupler isolation. This solution achieves the technical effect of absorbing surge energy in stages and protecting low-voltage circuits. However, it still has problems such as the lack of active monitoring and intelligent disconnection capabilities of the protection levels, the susceptibility of optocoupler isolation accuracy to temperature drift, and the inability to meet the dual requirements of safety and measurement accuracy of high-voltage detection systems.
[0007] Chinese patent document CN210111604U discloses a surge protection circuit for the signal interface of a vibrating wire acquisition instrument. It discloses a surge protection technology for the signal interface using a two-stage protection scheme of GDT and TVS tubes combined with decoupling resistors. This scheme achieves the technical effects of small size, low cost, and meeting the protection requirements of LPZ0B-3 level. However, it still has the problems of the protection architecture relying entirely on the response of passive devices, the lack of electrical isolation barriers, and its inapplicability to high-frequency high-voltage switching power supply detection systems. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power supply detection device based on a multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design, which has multi-layer in-depth protection capabilities, can achieve high-voltage electrical isolation, and takes into account both safety protection and measurement accuracy.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0010] A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design, comprising: A multi-layer protection circuit includes a first-stage surge discharge unit, a second-stage voltage clamping unit, and a third-stage active cut-off unit connected in series. The first-stage surge discharge unit is used to discharge high-energy transient pulses at the input terminal to ground. The second-stage voltage clamping unit is used to limit the residual pulse voltage after passing through the first-stage surge discharge unit to below a preset safety threshold. The third-stage active cut-off unit is used to monitor voltage and current parameters in real time and disconnect the signal transmission path when the parameters exceed the preset range. An electrical isolation barrier is disposed between the output terminal of the multi-layer protection circuit and the subsequent processing circuit. The electrical isolation barrier includes a signal isolation module and a power isolation module. The signal isolation module is used to achieve electrical isolation in the measurement signal transmission path, and the power isolation module is used to provide an independent power supply that is electrically isolated from the subsequent processing circuit for the circuit on the input side of the electrical isolation barrier. The input terminal of the multi-layer protection circuit is connected to the power supply under test, the input side of the electrical isolation barrier is defined as the front-end measurement circuit area, and the output side of the electrical isolation barrier is defined as the back-end safety circuit area.
[0011] Furthermore, the first-stage surge discharge unit includes a gas discharge tube and a varistor. The gas discharge tube and the varistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the signal input terminal and the chassis ground.
[0012] Furthermore, the second-stage voltage clamping unit includes a transient voltage suppression diode array, which is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the first-stage surge discharge unit and the signal ground. The transient voltage suppression diode array is bidirectional, and a fast-blow fuse is connected in series between the transient voltage suppression diode array and the first-stage surge discharge unit.
[0013] Furthermore: the third-level active cut-off unit includes an overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip and a solid-state relay. The monitoring terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip is connected to the output terminal of the second-level voltage clamping unit, and the control terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip is connected to the driving terminal of the solid-state relay. The solid-state relay is connected in series in the signal transmission path.
[0014] Furthermore, the third-level active disconnection unit also includes a microcontroller, which is communicatively connected to the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip. The microcontroller is used to control the solid-state relay to reset and close after the fault condition is removed.
[0015] Furthermore: the signal isolation module adopts a capacitive isolation chip or a magnetic isolation chip, the isolation voltage of the signal isolation module is not less than 2500Vrms, and the creepage distance of the signal isolation module is not less than 8mm.
[0016] Furthermore: the power isolation module includes an isolated DC-DC converter, the isolated DC-DC converter has a built-in isolation transformer, and the isolation withstand voltage of the isolated DC-DC converter is not less than 2500Vrms.
[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a closed-loop isolation measurement module, which includes a Δ-Σ modulator, a digital isolator, a demodulator, and a digital-to-analog converter. The Δ-Σ modulator is located in the front-end measurement circuit area and converts the analog signal into a digital bit stream. The digital isolator transmits the digital bit stream to the back-end security circuit area. The demodulator is located in the back-end security circuit area and reconstructs the digital bit stream into digital code. The digital-to-analog converter converts the digital code into an analog feedback signal and sends it back to the front-end measurement circuit area for closed-loop correction.
[0018] Furthermore, the closed-loop isolation measurement module also includes a reference voltage source, which is located in the back-end safety circuit area and provides a reference voltage for the digital-to-analog converter.
[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a self-diagnostic module, which includes a power monitoring unit, a sensor detection unit, a watchdog timer, and a temperature monitoring unit. The power monitoring unit is used to monitor the voltage of each power rail and output a fault signal when the voltage exceeds a preset range. The sensor detection unit is used to detect the open or short circuit status of the sensor path. The watchdog timer is used to monitor the processor's operating status and trigger a system reset when the program is abnormal. The temperature monitoring unit is used to monitor the temperature of the power devices and trigger derating operation or safe shutdown when the temperature exceeds a preset threshold.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: I. This invention employs a multi-layer protection circuit consisting of a first-stage surge discharge unit, a second-stage voltage clamping unit, and a third-stage active disconnection unit connected in series. This constructs a deep defense system that extends from high-energy surge discharge to precise voltage clamping and then to active fault disconnection. It achieves comprehensive protection against nanosecond-level transient pulses and continuous overvoltage and overcurrent faults, effectively solving the problems of traditional detection equipment having a single protection level and lacking active monitoring capabilities.
[0021] Second, by setting up an electrical isolation barrier that includes a signal isolation module and a power isolation module, this invention establishes reliable electrical isolation between the front-end measurement circuit area and the back-end safety circuit area, preventing fault voltage on the high-voltage side from entering the low-voltage side through the signal or power path, thus ensuring the safety of operators and equipment under complex operating conditions.
[0022] Third, this invention adopts a closed-loop isolation measurement architecture with Δ-Σ modulation and digital feedback. By transmitting digital signals across the isolation barrier and using a high-stability reference voltage source for closed-loop correction, it fundamentally eliminates the inherent nonlinearity and temperature drift problems of traditional analog isolation devices, and achieves the synergistic unity of safe isolation and high-precision measurement. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power detection device based on a multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design, provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown: This invention provides a power supply detection device based on a multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design, including a multi-layer protection circuit and an electrical isolation barrier. The multi-layer protection circuit includes a first-stage surge discharge unit, a second-stage voltage clamping unit, and a third-stage active cut-off unit connected in series. The first-stage surge discharge unit is used to discharge high-energy transient pulses at the input terminal to ground. The second-stage voltage clamping unit is used to limit the residual pulse voltage after passing through the first-stage surge discharge unit to below a preset safety threshold. The third-stage active cut-off unit is used to monitor voltage and current parameters in real time and disconnect the signal transmission path when the parameters exceed the preset range. The electrical isolation barrier is set between the output terminal of the multi-layer protection circuit and the subsequent processing circuit, including a signal isolation module and a power isolation module. The signal isolation module is used to achieve electrical isolation on the measurement signal transmission path. The power isolation module is used to provide an independent power supply to the circuit on the input side of the electrical isolation barrier, which is electrically isolated from the subsequent processing circuit. The input terminal of the multi-layer protection circuit is connected to the power supply under test. The input side of the electrical isolation barrier is defined as the front-end measurement circuit area, and the output side of the electrical isolation barrier is defined as the back-end safety circuit area. Through the above design, this device constructs a multi-level protection system from the external port to the internal core based on the concept of defense in depth, combining circuit protection with electrical isolation to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment under complex working conditions.
[0026] In one specific embodiment of this invention, the first-stage surge discharge unit includes a gas discharge tube and a varistor. The gas discharge tube and the varistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the signal input terminal and the chassis ground. When encountering high-voltage transient pulses such as lightning strikes or power grid surges, the gas discharge tube quickly breaks down to form a short circuit, discharging most of the energy to the ground. The varistor and the gas discharge tube work together, utilizing the fast response of the gas discharge tube and the strong current-carrying capacity of the varistor to form a coordinated protection system.
[0027] In one specific embodiment of this example, the second-stage voltage clamping unit includes a transient voltage suppression diode array, which is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the first-stage surge discharge unit and the signal ground. The transient voltage suppression diode array is bidirectional, effectively suppressing both positive and negative pulses. A fast-blow fuse is connected in series between the transient voltage suppression diode array and the first-stage surge discharge unit. When the transient voltage suppression diode fails due to continuous overvoltage, the fast-blow fuse cuts off the circuit, preventing a short circuit and fire.
[0028] In one specific embodiment of this example, the third-stage active disconnection unit includes an overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip and a solid-state relay. The monitoring terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip is connected to the output terminal of the second-stage voltage clamping unit, continuously monitoring the input voltage and current. The control terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip is connected to the driving terminal of the solid-state relay, which is connected in series in the signal transmission path. When the voltage or current exceeds a preset safety window, the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip drives the solid-state relay to disconnect within microseconds, physically isolating subsequent circuits from the dangerous input.
[0029] In one specific embodiment of this invention, the third-level active disconnection unit further includes a microcontroller, which is communicatively connected to the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip. The microcontroller is used to control the solid-state relay to reset and close after the fault condition is removed, achieving self-resetting protection without the need to replace components.
[0030] In one specific embodiment of this example, the signal isolation module employs a capacitive isolation chip or a magnetic isolation chip. The isolation voltage of the signal isolation module is not less than 2500Vrms, and the creepage distance is not less than 8mm, conforming to the requirements of IEC61010-1 standard. The signal isolation module ensures that fault voltage in the front-end measurement circuit area cannot enter the back-end safety circuit area through the signal path.
[0031] In one specific embodiment of this example, the power isolation module includes an isolated DC-DC converter with a built-in isolation transformer and an isolation withstand voltage of not less than 2500Vrms. The power isolation module provides a completely floating, independent power supply to the front-end measurement circuit area, cutting off the common-mode voltage path.
[0032] In one specific embodiment of this invention, the power supply detection device further includes a closed-loop isolation measurement module. The closed-loop isolation measurement module includes a Δ-Σ modulator, a digital isolator, a demodulator, and a digital-to-analog converter. The Δ-Σ modulator, located in the front-end measurement circuit area, converts the analog input signal into a digital bitstream. The digital isolator transmits the digital bitstream to the back-end safety circuit area; since it transmits a digital signal, its amplitude and timing are not affected by the drift of the isolation element parameters. The demodulator, located in the back-end safety circuit area, reconstructs the digital bitstream into a high-resolution digital code. The digital-to-analog converter converts the digital code into an analog feedback signal and sends it back to the front-end measurement circuit area for closed-loop correction, fundamentally eliminating the error introduced by the isolation stage.
[0033] In one specific embodiment of this invention, the closed-loop isolation measurement module further includes a reference voltage source, which is located in the back-end safety circuit region and provides a reference voltage for the digital-to-analog converter. The overall gain and linearity of the system are determined by the highly stable reference voltage source in the back-end safety circuit region, ensuring long-term measurement accuracy.
[0034] In one specific embodiment of this example, the power detection device further includes a self-diagnostic module. The self-diagnostic module includes a power monitoring unit, a sensor detection unit, a watchdog timer, and a temperature monitoring unit. The power monitoring unit monitors the voltage of each power rail and outputs a fault signal when the voltage exceeds a preset range. The sensor detection unit detects open or short circuit states in sensor paths. The watchdog timer monitors the processor's operating status and triggers a system reset when a program malfunctions. The temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of power devices and triggers derating operation or safe shutdown when the temperature exceeds a preset threshold. The self-diagnostic module achieves an upgrade from passive hardware protection to active system protection, constructing a complete safety closed loop.
[0035] Example 2 This embodiment aims to detail the multi-layered, redundant safety protection measures and high-voltage isolation scheme designed to address the risks of electric shock and equipment damage caused by high-voltage detection.
[0036] Configuration and structure, such as Figure 1 As shown: First layer: Coarse protection (surge suppression).
[0037] Component: Gas discharge tube (GDT), such as Bourns 2038-35-SM-RPLF, rated discharge current 5kA.
[0038] Location: Connected in parallel between the signal input terminal and the chassis.
[0039] Mechanism of action: When encountering extremely high voltage (e.g., >1kV) and rapidly rising transient pulses such as lightning strikes or power grid surges, the GDT breaks down rapidly, forming a short circuit and releasing most of the energy to the ground.
[0040] Key features of the invention: The GDT and MOV are used in series to form a synergistic protection system by taking advantage of the fast response of the GDT and the strong current carrying capacity of the MOV.
[0041] Second layer: Fine protection (transient clamping).
[0042] Component: Transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS), such as the Littelfuse SMAJ series, with an operating voltage of 60V and a clamping voltage of 100V.
[0043] Location: Connected in parallel between the signal line and signal ground, after GDT / MOV.
[0044] Mechanism of action: For pulses with lower amplitude but faster speed (such as EFT) that GDT / MOV fails to fully absorb, TVS uses its picosecond-level response speed to precisely clamp the voltage within the safe range of subsequent circuits.
[0045] Key features of the invention: A bidirectional TVS array is used to effectively suppress both positive and negative pulses. A fast-blow fuse is connected in series to cut off the circuit and prevent short circuit and fire when the TVS fails due to continuous overvoltage.
[0046] The third layer: active protection (circuit shutdown).
[0047] Components: Overvoltage / overcurrent protection integrated circuit (such as LTC4365) in conjunction with high-speed solid-state relay (SSR).
[0048] Mechanism of action: Monitoring: The LT4365 continuously monitors the input voltage and current.
[0049] Judgment: When the voltage or current exceeds the user-defined safety window (e.g., ±12V, ±100mA).
[0050] Execution: The IC drives the SSR to disconnect within 1 microsecond, physically isolating subsequent circuitry from the dangerous input.
[0051] Key features of the invention: This protection is self-resetting or resettable. Once the fault condition is removed, the MCU can attempt to automatically or manually reclose the SSR without replacing any components.
[0052] Fourth layer: Electrical isolation barrier.
[0053] Isolation measure 1: Signal isolation.
[0054] Technology: Employs capacitively isolated or magnetically isolated chips (such as ADuM3151).
[0055] Parameters: Rated isolation voltage >2500Vrms, creepage distance >8mm, clearance >6mm (compliant with IEC61010-1 standard).
[0056] Function: To ensure that fault voltage on the high-voltage side cannot enter the human-machine interface on the low-voltage side through the signal path.
[0057] Isolation measure 2: Power supply isolation.
[0058] Technology: Uses isolated DC-DC modules (such as TIDCH010505S) and transformers for energy transfer.
[0059] Parameters: It also has an isolation withstand voltage of 2500Vrms.
[0060] Function: To provide a completely floating "clean" power supply to the front-end circuits (sensors, conditioning circuits) on the high-voltage side, cutting off the common-mode voltage path.
[0061] Effects and Testing: The pulse voltage of this invention was tested according to the IEC61010-2-030 standard: Contact discharge: ±8kV contact discharge is applied to the input port. The tested system does not restart or suffer damage, and the measurement data is normal.
[0062] Surge test: When a combined surge of ±1kV / 500A is applied, the protection circuit operates within 100ns, and the voltage withstand by the subsequent core circuit is successfully limited to below ±15V.
[0063] Conclusion: Through the above four-layer redundant protection design, the present invention achieves all-round protection from nanosecond-level transient pulses to continuous overvoltage and overcurrent faults, ensuring the safety of operators and equipment in harsh industrial electrical environments.
[0064] Example 3 This embodiment aims to illustrate how the system can proactively detect and address potential faults before they escalate into danger through self-inspection and status monitoring, thus achieving "prevention before the event."
[0065] Test configuration.
[0066] Hardware: MCU, voltage / current monitoring ADC, temperature sensor, watchdog timer.
[0067] Software: Self-diagnostic firmware program.
[0068] Methods and Processes When the system is powered on and running, the MCU periodically executes the following self-diagnostic procedures as shown in Table 2: Table 1 System Functional Safety and Self-Diagnosis Procedures
[0069] Effects and advantages.
[0070] High availability: By providing early warnings and reducing operating limits, system downtime caused by minor issues is avoided.
[0071] Maintainability: Precise fault location information greatly reduces on-site maintenance time and costs.
[0072] Security: It has achieved an upgrade from passive hardware protection to active system protection, and built a complete security closed loop.
[0073] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent transformations or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design, characterized in that, include: A multi-layer protection circuit includes a first-stage surge discharge unit, a second-stage voltage clamping unit, and a third-stage active cut-off unit connected in series. The first-stage surge discharge unit is used to discharge high-energy transient pulses at the input terminal to ground. The second-stage voltage clamping unit is used to limit the residual pulse voltage after passing through the first-stage surge discharge unit to below a preset safety threshold. The third-stage active cut-off unit is used to monitor voltage and current parameters in real time and disconnect the signal transmission path when the parameters exceed the preset range. An electrical isolation barrier is disposed between the output terminal of the multi-layer protection circuit and the subsequent processing circuit. The electrical isolation barrier includes a signal isolation module and a power isolation module. The signal isolation module is used to achieve electrical isolation in the measurement signal transmission path, and the power isolation module is used to provide an independent power supply that is electrically isolated from the subsequent processing circuit for the circuit on the input side of the electrical isolation barrier. The input terminal of the multi-layer protection circuit is connected to the power supply under test, the input side of the electrical isolation barrier is defined as the front-end measurement circuit area, and the output side of the electrical isolation barrier is defined as the back-end safety circuit area.
2. The power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage surge discharge unit includes a gas discharge tube and a varistor. The gas discharge tube and the varistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the signal input terminal and the chassis ground.
3. The power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second-stage voltage clamping unit includes a transient voltage suppression diode array, which is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the first-stage surge discharge unit and the signal ground. The transient voltage suppression diode array is bidirectional, and a fast-blow fuse is connected in series between the transient voltage suppression diode array and the first-stage surge discharge unit.
4. The power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third-level active cut-off unit includes an overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip and a solid-state relay. The monitoring terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip is connected to the output terminal of the second-level voltage clamping unit, and the control terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip is connected to the driving terminal of the solid-state relay. The solid-state relay is connected in series in the signal transmission path.
5. A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third-level active disconnection unit also includes a microcontroller, which is communicatively connected to the overvoltage and overcurrent protection chip. The microcontroller is used to control the solid-state relay to reset and close after the fault condition is removed.
6. The power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal isolation module uses a capacitive isolation chip or a magnetic isolation chip. The isolation voltage of the signal isolation module is not less than 2500Vrms, and the creepage distance of the signal isolation module is not less than 8mm.
7. A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power isolation module includes an isolated DC-DC converter with a built-in isolation transformer and an isolation withstand voltage of not less than 2500Vrms.
8. A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a closed-loop isolation measurement module, which includes a Δ-Σ modulator, a digital isolator, a demodulator, and a digital-to-analog converter. The Δ-Σ modulator is located in the front-end measurement circuit area and converts the analog signal into a digital bit stream. The digital isolator transmits the digital bit stream to the back-end security circuit area. The demodulator is located in the back-end security circuit area and reconstructs the digital bit stream into digital code. The digital-to-analog converter converts the digital code into an analog feedback signal and sends it back to the front-end measurement circuit area for closed-loop correction.
9. A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 8, characterized in that: The closed-loop isolation measurement module also includes a reference voltage source, which is located in the back-end safety circuit area and provides a reference voltage for the digital-to-analog converter.
10. A power supply detection device based on multi-layer electrical protection circuit and high-voltage isolation design according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a self-diagnostic module, which comprises a power monitoring unit, a sensor detection unit, a watchdog timer, and a temperature monitoring unit. The power monitoring unit monitors the voltage of each power rail and outputs a fault signal when the voltage exceeds a preset range. The sensor detection unit detects the open or short circuit status of sensor paths. The watchdog timer monitors the processor's operating status and triggers a system reset when the program malfunctions. The temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of power devices and triggers derating operation or safe shutdown when the temperature exceeds a preset threshold.