Preparation method of perovskite solar cell containing additive and perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The application discloses a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing an additive and the perovskite solar cell, and the method comprises the following steps: assembling an electron transport layer on the surface of a conductive glass substrate; preparing a perovskite precursor solution containing an additive, coating the surface of the electron transport layer and heating to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer; wherein the additive is chlorhexidine with a mass concentration of 0.1%-5% or an organic substance with multiple guanidine or benzoguanidine structures connected by a carbon chain; and assembling a hole transport layer and a back electrode on the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The amphiphilic property of chlorhexidine molecules is used to improve the affinity of the perovskite precursor solution to the substrate, and the interface contact of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is improved. In addition, the carbon-nitrogen double bond in the chlorhexidine molecules helps to passivate A-site defects in the organic-lead perovskite, and the crystallization of the perovskite is regulated and the interface is optimized to achieve the purpose of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of perovskite solar cell technology, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives and the perovskite solar cell itself. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the photovoltaic industry, perovskite solar cells, as an emerging technology, have attracted much attention from researchers and the capital market due to their theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency being far higher than other technologies. They also possess advantages such as thinness, high output power, low-light power generation, flexibility, simple processing, and low cost, driving the rapid development of perovskite solar cell technology. Further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of laboratory unit cells requires a comprehensive understanding of the perovskite crystallization process and appropriate control over it. In the crystallization control of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the choice of solvent affects the perovskite crystallization kinetics, film quality, surface coverage, and flatness. Different components, different preparation processes, and different device requirements place different demands on the solvent. For solution-based preparation, the characteristics of the solvent play a crucial role in determining the crystallization kinetics, growth direction, and photoelectric performance of the perovskite film. Solvent engineering methods for perovskite precursor solutions can effectively improve interfacial contact, adjust the coordination properties of the precursor solution, control the film formation process of the perovskite film, and enhance the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell devices.

[0003] The affinity between the perovskite precursor solution and the substrate determines the adhesion and stability of the perovskite solution on the substrate. Good affinity allows the perovskite solution to uniformly cover the substrate, forming a high-quality thin film, thereby improving the performance of perovskite solar cells. Conversely, poor affinity leads to cracks and defects in the perovskite film, affecting the stability and efficiency of the device. Therefore, regulating the affinity between the perovskite precursor solution and the substrate by controlling the composition of the perovskite precursor solution, while simultaneously mitigating interfacial residual stress caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients, is of significant research importance. Currently, solvent components widely used in perovskite precursor solutions include N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and N-ethylpyrrolidone (NEP). These components all have certain intermolecular forces with methylamine ions, formamidinium ions, and lead ions, which helps to improve the solubility of inorganic lead salts and promotes the uniform precipitation of perovskite in saturated solutions. Since the molecular weight of the above solvent molecules is relatively small, the above solvent components can completely evaporate after perovskite film formation. In addition, the addition of chemical components with larger molecular weights to the perovskite precursor solution can not only regulate the perovskite crystallization process, but may also leave trace amounts at the perovskite grain boundaries or interfaces, continuously alleviating residual stress at the interfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above technical problems, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing perovskite solar cells containing additives. This method utilizes the amphiphilicity of chlorhexidine molecules to reduce the contact angle between the perovskite precursor solution and the substrate, thereby improving the affinity of the perovskite precursor solution to the substrate. Furthermore, it utilizes the flexibility of its molecules to alleviate residual stress at the interface between the perovskite and the transport layer.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell prepared using the above-described method for preparing perovskite solar cells containing additives.

[0006] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned additives in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells, demonstrating their important role in improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell with an additive-containing nip structure, comprising: Assemble an electron transport layer on the surface of a conductive glass substrate; A perovskite precursor solution containing additives is prepared, coated on the surface of the electron transport layer, and heated to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer; the additives are chlorhexidine with a molar concentration of 0.1%-5% or organic compounds with multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains. A hole transport layer and a back electrode are assembled on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation of the perovskite precursor solution containing additives includes: Prepare perovskite precursor solution; Chlorhexidine or an organic compound consisting of multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains is added to the perovskite precursor solution at a molar concentration of 0.1%-5%. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is coated onto the surface of the electron transport layer and heated.

[0009] Preferably, the electron transport layer is one of tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, or a combination thereof.

[0010] Preferably, the hole transport layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) or 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodifluorene.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell with a pin structure containing additives, comprising: Assemble a hole transport layer or a SAM layer on the surface of a conductive glass substrate; A perovskite precursor solution containing additives is prepared, coated on the surface of the above-mentioned substrate, and heated to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer; the additives are chlorhexidine with a molar concentration of 0.1%-5% or organic compounds with multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains. An electron transport layer and a back electrode are assembled on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0012] Preferably, the hole transport layer is one of nickel polyoxide, cuprous oxide, cuprous sulfide, cuprous thiocyanate, and cuprous iodide; The SAM layer is selected from [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, and [2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation of the perovskite precursor solution containing additives includes: Prepare perovskite precursor solution; Chlorhexidine or an organic compound consisting of multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains is added to the perovskite precursor solution at a molar concentration of 0.1%-5%. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is coated onto the substrate surface and heated.

[0014] Preferably, the electron transport layer is one of [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyrate, [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyrate, and fullerene.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, which is prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a perovskite solar cell with an additive-containing nip structure.

[0016] Fourthly, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, which is prepared by the above-described method for preparing a perovskite solar cell with a pin structure containing additives.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the amphiphilic structure of chlorhexidine molecules. Adding it to the perovskite precursor solution reduces the contact angle between the perovskite precursor solution and the substrate, increases the wettability of the substrate to the perovskite precursor solution, and improves interfacial contact. Furthermore, the flexibility of chlorhexidine continuously alleviates residual interfacial stress after perovskite film formation. In addition, the carbon-nitrogen double bond structure of the chlorhexidine molecule helps passivate A-site defects in organo-lead perovskite (ABX3). By regulating the crystallization of the perovskite and optimizing the interface, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaic cells is improved. The chlorhexidine in this invention can be replaced by organic compounds with multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The structural formula for chlorhexidine; Figure 3 The structural formula of a halophenylguanidine; Figure 4 The structural formula of a chlorhexidine substitute; Figure 5 The structural formula is that of dibromophenylbisguanidine hexane; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the contact angle of the perovskite precursor solution on the substrate in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the features in the following embodiments and implementation methods can be combined with each other.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments of this invention, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained through conventional technical means or commercially available.

[0022] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell with an additive-containing nip structure, see [link to previous section]. Figure 1 This includes the following steps: Step 1: The conductive glass substrate is ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water, acetone and ethanol solutions in sequence, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in a UV ozone cleaner for 10-30 minutes. An electron transport layer is assembled on the substrate surface by coating or vapor deposition.

[0023] Preferably, the electron transport layer in step 1 includes one or a combination of tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tungsten oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0024] Step 2: Prepare a perovskite precursor solution using a mixed solvent of DMF / DMSO, DMF / NMP, or DMF / NEP, and add 0.1%-5% chlorhexidine. After mixing evenly, coat the solution onto the surface of the electron transport layer substrate and heat it to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0025] Preferably, chlorhexidine in step 2 can be replaced by an organic compound with a carbon chain linking multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures.

[0026] Chlorhexidine structure as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 3 The structural formula is for a halophenylguanidine. Figure 4 The structural formula is for a chlorhexidine substitute.

[0027] Preferably, the perovskite precursor in step 2 includes, but is not limited to, methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3), formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), methylamine lead bromide (MAPbBr3), formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3), cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3), cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3), methylamine tin iodide (MASnI3), methylamine tin bromide (MASnBr3), and their complexes.

[0028] Preferably, the coating in step 2 includes spin coating, blade coating, spray coating, and slot coating processes.

[0029] Step 3: Assemble the hole transport layer and back electrode on the perovskite light-absorbing substrate.

[0030] Preferably, the hole transport layer in step 3 includes, but is not limited to, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD).

[0031] Secondly, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell with a nip structure, comprising a conductive glass substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, and a back electrode, wherein chlorhexidine with a molar concentration of 0.1%-5% is added to the perovskite precursor solution of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the perovskite solar cell is prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a perovskite solar cell with an additive-containing nip structure.

[0032] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell with a pin structure containing additives, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The conductive glass substrate is ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water, acetone and ethanol solutions in sequence, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in a UV ozone cleaner for 10-30 minutes. Hole transport layer or SAM layer is assembled on the substrate surface by coating or vapor deposition.

[0033] Preferably, the hole transport layer in step 1 includes nickel polyoxide, cuprous oxide, cuprous sulfide, cuprous thiocyanate, and cuprous iodide, etc. The SAM layer includes [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Me-2PACz), [4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-4PACz), [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (4PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), and [2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), etc.

[0034] Step 2: Prepare a perovskite precursor solution using a mixed solvent of DMF / DMSO, DMF / NMP, or DMF / NEP, and add 0.1%-5% chlorhexidine. After mixing evenly, coat the solution onto the surface of the electron transport layer substrate and heat it to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0035] Preferably, chlorhexidine in step 2 can be replaced by an organic compound with a carbon chain linking multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures.

[0036] Chlorhexidine structure as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 3 The structural formula is for a halophenylguanidine. Figure 4 The structural formula is for a chlorhexidine substitute.

[0037] Preferably, the perovskite precursor in step 2 includes, but is not limited to, methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3), formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), methylamine lead bromide (MAPbBr3), formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3), cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3), cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3), methylamine tin iodide (MASnI3), methylamine tin bromide (MASnBr3), and their complexes.

[0038] Step 3: Assemble the electron transport layer and back electrode on the perovskite light-absorbing substrate.

[0039] Preferably, the electron transport layer in step 3 comprises methyl [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyrate (PC) 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyrate methyl ester (PC) 71 BM) and fullerene (C 60 )wait.

[0040] Fourthly, the present invention provides a pin-structured perovskite solar cell, which is prepared by the above-described method for preparing a pin-structured perovskite solar cell with additives.

[0041] The perovskite solar cells prepared using the above method were then tested, and their performance was compared with that of perovskite solar cells without additives. Example 1

[0042] The conductive glass substrate was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in deionized water, acetone and ethanol solutions, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in an ultraviolet ozone cleaner for 20 min. The SnO2 nanocolloid solution was spin-coated onto the conductive glass surface and then annealed on a hot stage at 180 ℃ for 30 min to obtain the SnO2 electron transport layer.

[0043] Equimolar amounts of MAI and PbI2 were dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 750 μl DMF and 250 μl DMSO to form a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L. 50 μl of chlorohexidine was added to the perovskite precursor solution and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was then spin-coated onto the substrate surface at a speed of 4000 r / min for 30 s. While maintaining the same speed, 80 μl of chlorobenzene was dropped onto the center of the perovskite substrate and spun dry for 8 s. The substrate was then removed and heated on a hot stage at 110 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0044] An acetonitrile solution containing 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and Li-TFSI was mixed with a Spiro-OMeTAD chlorobenzene solution and spin-coated onto a perovskite substrate as a hole transport layer. Finally, the substrate was placed in an evaporator to deposit an 80 nm gold film as the back electrode. This resulted in a nip-structured perovskite solar cell. Example 2

[0045] The conductive glass substrate was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in deionized water, acetone and ethanol solutions, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in an ultraviolet ozone cleaner for 20 min. The ZnO2 nanocolloid solution was spin-coated onto the conductive glass surface and then annealed on a hot stage at 150 ℃ for 30 min to obtain the ZnO2 electron transport layer.

[0046] Equimolar amounts of FAI and PbI2 were dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 700 μl DMF and 300 μl NEP to form a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1.5 mol / L. 50 μl of chlorobenzylguanidine was added to the perovskite precursor solution and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was then spin-coated onto the substrate surface at a speed of 3500 r / min for 30 s. While maintaining the same speed, 100 μl of chlorobenzene was dropped onto the center of the perovskite substrate and spun dry for 7 s. The substrate was then removed and heated on a hot stage at 150 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0047] An acetonitrile solution containing 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and Li-TFSI was mixed with a Spiro-OMeTAD chlorobenzene solution and spin-coated onto a perovskite substrate as a hole transport layer. Finally, the substrate was placed in an evaporator to deposit a 70 nm gold film as the back electrode. This resulted in a nip-structured perovskite solar cell. Example 3

[0048] The conductive glass substrate was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in deionized water, acetone and ethanol solutions, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in an ultraviolet ozone cleaner for 20 min. The SnO2 nanocolloid solution was spin-coated onto the surface of the conductive glass and then annealed on a hot stage at 160 ℃ for 30 min to obtain the SnO2 electron transport layer.

[0049] FAPbI3 and CsPbI3 were dissolved in a 9:1 molar ratio in a mixed solvent of 650 μl DMF and 350 μl NMP to form a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1.3 mol / L. 40 μl of bromophenylguanidine (structural formula see [link to solution]) was then added to the perovskite precursor solution. Figure 3 , Figure 3 (X is replaced by Br), after mixing evenly, spin-coat the substrate surface at 4200 r / min for 30s, keep the rotation speed constant, drop 70 μl of chlorobenzene on the center of the perovskite substrate and spin dry for 6s, then remove the substrate and place it on a 150 ℃ hot stage for 15 minutes to obtain the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0050] An acetonitrile solution containing 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and Li-TFSI was mixed with a Spiro-OMeTAD chlorobenzene solution and spin-coated onto a perovskite substrate as a hole transport layer. Finally, the substrate was placed in an evaporator to deposit an 80 nm silver film as the back electrode. This resulted in a nip-structured perovskite solar cell. Example 4

[0051] The ITO glass was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in deionized water, acetone, and ethanol solutions, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in a UV ozone cleaner for 20 min. An isopropanol solution containing Me-4PACz was spin-coated onto the ITO glass surface and annealed at 120 °C for 20 min to obtain the SAM hole transport layer.

[0052] Equimolar amounts of MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 were dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 600 μl DMF and 400 μl NEP to form a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L. Then, 30 μl of dibromophenylguanidine hexane was added to the perovskite precursor solution. (Structural formula shown below) Figure 5 As shown. After mixing evenly, a 20 μL perovskite precursor solution was applied to the substrate using a scraper at a gap of 150 μm and a speed of 15 mm / s. The pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 3.0 Pa within 10 s at room temperature and held for 60 s. Then, the pressure was restored to atmospheric pressure within 3 s. The substrate was then transferred to a hot stage and annealed at 150 °C for 10 min.

[0053] Will contain PC 61 A chlorobenzene solution (35 mg / mL) from BM was spin-coated onto a perovskite substrate at a speed of 3500 r / min as an electron transport layer. Finally, the substrate was placed in an evaporator to deposit an 80 nm silver film as the back electrode. A pin-structured perovskite solar cell was thus fabricated.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 (No Additives) In Comparative Example 1, the perovskite precursor solution did not contain any additives, and the rest of the preparation process was the same as in Example 1. The conductive glass substrate was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in deionized water, acetone and ethanol solutions, dried with nitrogen, and then treated in an ultraviolet ozone cleaner for 20 min. The SnO2 nanocolloid solution was spin-coated onto the conductive glass surface and then annealed on a hot stage at 180 ℃ for 30 min to obtain the SnO2 electron transport layer.

[0055] Equimolar amounts of MAI and PbI2 were dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 750 μl DMF and 250 μl DMSO to form a 1 mol / L solution. The solution was spin-coated onto the substrate surface at a speed of 4000 r / min for 30 s. While maintaining the same speed, 80 μl of chlorobenzene was dropped onto the center of the perovskite substrate and spun dry for 8 s. The substrate was then removed and heated on a hot stage at 110 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0056] An acetonitrile solution containing 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and Li-TFSI was mixed with a Spiro-OMeTAD chlorobenzene solution and spin-coated onto a perovskite substrate as a hole transport layer. Finally, the substrate was placed in an evaporator to deposit an 80 nm gold film as the back electrode.

[0057] The perovskite solar cells prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were tested. Figure 6 As can be seen, the contact angles of the perovskite precursor solution on the substrate in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are 54.367° and 35.382°, respectively. The contact angle of the perovskite precursor solution on the substrate in Example 1 is significantly smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the addition of chlorhexidine to the perovskite precursor solution can improve its wettability and increase the interaction force between it and the substrate. Figure 7 As can be seen, the efficiency of the battery prepared in Comparative Example 1 is in the range of 21.2%-22.5%, while the efficiency of the battery prepared in Example 1 is in the range of 22.2%-23.6%. Statistically, the efficiency of the battery prepared in Example 1 is generally higher than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the addition of chlorhexidine to the perovskite precursor solution can effectively improve battery performance.

[0058] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope.

[0059] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives, characterized in that, include: Assemble an electron transport layer on the surface of a conductive glass substrate; A perovskite precursor solution containing additives is prepared, coated on the surface of the electron transport layer, and heated to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer; the additives are chlorhexidine with a molar concentration of 0.1%-5% or organic compounds with multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains. A hole transport layer and a back electrode are assembled on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

2. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the perovskite precursor solution containing additives includes: Prepare perovskite precursor solution; Chlorhexidine or an organic compound consisting of multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains is added to the perovskite precursor solution at a molar concentration of 0.1%-5%. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is coated onto the surface of the electron transport layer and heated.

3. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electron transport layer is made of one or a combination of tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tungsten oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

4. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hole transport layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) or 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodifluorene.

5. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives, characterized in that, include: Assemble a hole transport layer or a SAM layer on the surface of a conductive glass substrate; A perovskite precursor solution containing additives is prepared, coated on the surface of the above-mentioned substrate, and heated to generate a perovskite light-absorbing layer; the additives are chlorhexidine with a molar concentration of 0.1%-5% or organic compounds with multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains. An electron transport layer and a back electrode are assembled on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

6. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hole transport layer is made of one of nickel oxide, cuprous oxide, cuprous sulfide, cuprous thiocyanate, and cuprous iodide. The SAM layer is selected from [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, and [2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid.

7. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation of the perovskite precursor solution containing additives includes: Prepare perovskite precursor solution; Chlorhexidine or an organic compound consisting of multiple guanidine or phenylguanidine structures linked by carbon chains is added to the perovskite precursor solution at a molar concentration of 0.1%-5%. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is coated onto the substrate surface and heated.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell containing additives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electron transport layer is one of [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyrate methyl ester, [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyrate methyl ester, and fullerene.

9. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, It is prepared using the additive-containing perovskite solar cell preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, It is prepared using the additive-containing perovskite solar cell preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

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