Slurry compositions comprising modified maleated natural oils containing a lactam moiety, salts thereof, methods of making and use

Abstract

The invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having maleated functional groups; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group, and (ii) dispersed particles. The present application also provides a slurry composition comprising: a reaction product of: (A) maleated soybean oil, and (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone or 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone moiety; wherein the reaction product is maleated soybean oil substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone or 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone moieties. The present application also provides a ceramic coated separator for an energy storage device, including a battery pack, comprising: a slurry composition and a separator, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator. The present application also provides a seed coating composition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The processes, steps, methods, products, results, and / or concepts of this disclosure (collectively, “this disclosure or the invention”) relate to slurry compositions containing maleic natural oil products based on lactams, and the use of such slurry compositions in various applications. Background Technology

[0002] Modified natural oils can be incorporated into a variety of compositions. Such compositions include, but are not limited to, personal care (e.g., hair care, sun protection, skin care, oral care), adhesives, coatings, varnishes, electronics, household / industrial and public (HI&I) compositions, inks, films, metalworking fluids, oilfield chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, textiles, industrial products, biocides, pharmaceuticals / nutritional products, and agrochemical compositions.

[0003] Natural oils can be used to synthesize renewable compounds, such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, which can be used in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the application of natural oils lies in their nature as mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make natural oils reactive, these unsaturated groups are typically chemically modified to acquire reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can be reactively modified to possess epoxy or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limiting properties, such as insolubility or non-dispersibility in water and alcohol. Therefore, further modification of these maleated natural oils remains urgently needed to prevent them from exhibiting the limiting properties of modified natural oils.

[0004] While natural fatty acids, natural oils, and their maleated counterparts possess renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and beneficial properties, they exhibit characteristics that limit their applications. For example, maleated soybean oil is insoluble and non-dispersible in water or alcohol. Therefore, these oils may tend to leach from the formulation or undergo phase separation. This characteristic makes formulation more difficult and often requires additional ingredients to facilitate the formation of solutions, emulsions, or dispersions. Natural oils and maleated natural oils may not impart the properties desired for end applications, such as solubility, glass transition, flexibility, gloss, and / or plasticizing effects. Consequently, their properties (including but not limited to stability, resistance to phase separation, absorption, clean-up, solubility, staining potential, lubricity, film-forming properties, spreading uniformity, acne-causing tendency, and removability) may be lower than expected. Finally, although these natural oils are important renewable materials, they are not always the formulator's first choice; in fact, they are often not considered at all.

[0005] Modified natural oils are natural oils that have been chemically functionalized through the chemical addition of epoxide (ethylene oxide) and succinic anhydride functional groups. Examples include epoxidized and maleated soybean oil and flaxseed oil. Unsaturated natural oils facilitate this type of chemical functionalization.

[0006] Dispersants are commonly used to wet dry fillers, reduce viscosity, and improve formulation viability during the mixing process of slurry compositions. A variety of dispersants are available on the market. One such example is pigments, which are typically sold as powders or solvent dispersions after being ground.

[0007] U.S. Patent No. 9,809,538B2 describes a modified natural compound synthesized from epoxidized natural fatty acids, maleated natural fatty acids, epoxidized natural oils, or maleated natural oils, and a hydroxyl-containing lactam compound, to form, for example, an adhesive or beverage composition.

[0008] PCT Publications No. 2019113068A1 and No. 2005071050A1 describe a technique involving a metalworking fluid comprising a maleated soybean oil derivative.

[0009] PCT Publication No. 2021252426A1, assigned to Sun Chemical Corporation, discloses a solid pigment dispersion comprising one or more pigments approved for use in cosmetics and a combination of one or more plant-based oils and / or waxes, wherein the dispersion is in the form of a dry powder.

[0010] U.S. Patent No. 5,733,970A discloses a water-dispersible epoxy crosslinked maleic oil (maleic glycerol ester oil) microgel polymer for use in protective coatings.

[0011] U.S. Patent No. 10836910B2, assigned to Sherwin Williams Co., discloses a concentrate for manufacturing fluid colorant or finished coating compositions, wherein at least 95% by weight of the concentrate is a mixture of (i) solid pigment particles and (ii) a non-volatile reactive liquid diluent having a viscosity of less than 1,000 cps and containing at least 60% by weight of one or more molecular species having at least three reactive unsaturated sites and each reactive unsaturated site having a molar equivalent mass of less than 500 grams (g), wherein the concentrate further contains (iii) one or more pigment wetting or dispersing agents when the reactive liquid diluent itself cannot stably disperse the pigment particles.

[0012] Chinese Patent No. 105977022A discloses a nano-scale nickel metal electrode sizing for multilayer ceramic capacitors, characterized by the following raw materials and weight percentages: 56% nano-scale nickel powder, 3% polyvinyl alcohol, 21% diethylene glycol butyl ether, and 20% MgCO3 nano powder.

[0013] Chinese Patent No. 105321711B discloses a conductive paste, characterized in that the conductive paste for multilayer ceramic devices contains conductive metal powder, ceramic powder, resin adhesive, dispersant and organic solvent.

[0014] Japanese Patent No. JP6942317B2 discloses a method for manufacturing a slurry containing at least acetylene black and a dispersion medium, using a rheometer: MARS III (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), sensor: DC60 / 2, to measure the shear rate at which the viscosity reaches a minimum value. A method for manufacturing a slurry containing at least acetylene black and a dispersion medium includes a dispersion step until the shear rate is 100 to 1000 when the viscosity reaches a minimum value. s -1 .

[0015] There is a need in the art for a dispersion composition for ceramic slurries, personal care and coatings, prepared from renewable, natural and biodegradable materials, possessing diverse and controllable chemical, physical and / or mechanical properties, thereby minimizing or even completely eliminating the limitations present in natural oils. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The main aspect of this application provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0017] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a substance having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group selected from: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms, and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0018] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition comprising: (A) maleated soybean oil and (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; wherein the reaction product is maleated soybean oil partially substituted with one, two or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0019] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition comprising: (A) maleated soybean oil; and (B) 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, wherein the reaction product is maleated soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0020] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0021] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic moiety, hydrophilic moiety, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0022] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition wherein the dispersed particles are selected from alumina, alumina hydroxide, SiO2, BaSO4, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, Y2O3, B2O3, carbon nanotubes, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Al-doped LLZO) and combinations thereof.

[0023] Another aspect of this application provides a slurry composition that can be used as a component in pharmaceutical compositions, skin care compositions, oral care compositions, hair care compositions, energy compositions, building compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional and health care compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, oilfield compositions, cosmetic compositions, home care compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, metalworking fluids, ceramic coating compositions, and disinfection compositions.

[0024] Another aspect of this application provides a ceramic-coated spacer for an energy storage device, comprising: (i) a slurry composition wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (ii) a spacer wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0025] Another aspect of this application provides a battery pack comprising: at least one coated separator; at least one cathode; and at least one anode.

[0026] Another aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer, comprising: a) coating a spacer with a ceramic slurry composition by a method selected from blade coating, rod coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure coating, reverse coating, and combinations thereof, to form a ceramic slurry coating on the spacer; b) drying the ceramic slurry coating obtained from step (a) on the spacer using an energy source selected from thermal energy, ultraviolet light (UV), light-emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB), and combinations thereof, to form a ceramic coating on the spacer; and c) the ceramic coating in a temperature conditioning step (b). Detailed Implementation

[0027] This invention relates to slurry compositions comprising modified maleic natural oils, and the use of these slurry compositions in active pharmaceutical compositions, skin care compositions, oral care compositions, hair care compositions, energy compositions, construction compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional and health care compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, oilfield compositions, cosmetic compositions, home care compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, metalworking fluids, ceramic coating compositions, and disinfectant compositions.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined herein, technical terms used in conjunction with the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts shall have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, unless the context requires otherwise, singular terms shall include plural forms, and plural terms shall include singular forms.

[0029] The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” all contain plural forms unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise or the referenced context explicitly implies the opposite. The terms “comprising” and “compriseof” encompass more restrictive expressions, such as “basically composed of” and “composed of.”

[0030] For the purposes of the following detailed description, except in any operational embodiment or otherwise indicated, the figures used in the specification and claims to represent, for example, quantities of ingredients should in all cases be understood to be modified by the term "about". The numerical parameters set forth in the specification and appended claims are approximate values ​​and may vary depending on the desired performance expected when practicing the invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts, proportions and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition. Unless otherwise stated, all such weights relating to the listed ingredients are based on activity levels and therefore do not include solvents or byproducts that may be present in commercially available materials.

[0032] All publications, articles, papers, patents, patent publications and other references cited in this article are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference to the extent consistent with the content disclosed herein, for all purposes.

[0033] As used herein, the terms “comprising” (and any form of “comprising”, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of “having”, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of “including”, such as “include” and “includes”), or “containing” (and any form of “containing”, such as “contains” and “contains”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unreferenced elements or method steps.

[0034] The term "each group selected independently from the group" means that when a group appears more than once in the structure, each time the group appears, it can be independently selected from the group.

[0035] The term "polymer" refers to a compound comprising repeating structural units (monomers) linked by covalent chemical bonds. Polymers can be further derivatized, crosslinked, grafted, or end-capped. Non-limiting examples of polymers include copolymers, terpolymers, tetrapolymers, quaternary copolymers, and homologues. The term "copolymer" refers to a polymer consisting substantially of two or more monomers of different types, polymerized to obtain the copolymer.

[0036] The term "reaction product" refers to the substance produced by a chemical reaction of one or more reactant substances.

[0037] The term "alkyl" refers to a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic C1-C structure that optionally has one or more heteroatoms and is either functionalized or unfunctionalized. 60 Hydrocarbon group. In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkyl group is C1-C. 45 Hydrocarbon group. In another non-limiting embodiment, the alkyl group is C1-C. 30 Hydrocarbon group. Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, tert-octyl, isonorbornel, n-dodecyl, tert-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. The definition of "alkyl" also includes groups obtained by combinations of straight-chain, branched, and / or cyclic structures.

[0038] The term "aryl" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group that optionally has one or more heteroatoms. The definition of aryl includes carbocyclic aryl and heterocyclic aryl groups. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, azulel, fluorenyl, anthracene, furanyl, thiophene, pyridinyl, pyrroleyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolylalkyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithiaalkyl, and indole. Zinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indololinyl, benzo[b]furanyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, purine, 4H-quinazinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnarizinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthidyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridineyl, phenanthazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxyazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-c]triazinyl, etc.

[0039] The term "aralkyl" refers to an alkyl group comprising one or more aryl substituents, wherein "aryl" and "alkyl" are as defined above. Non-limiting examples of aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylcyclohexyl, 4-benzylcyclohexyl, 4-phenylcyclohexylmethyl, 4-benzylcyclohexylmethyl, etc.

[0040] The term "alkylaryl" refers to an aryl group comprising one or more alkyl substituents, wherein "alkyl" and "aryl" are as defined above. Non-limiting examples of alkylaryl groups include 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-nonylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, or trimethylphenyl, etc., wherein one or more carbon atoms in the group may optionally be further substituted.

[0041] The term "alkylene" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized divalent straight-chain, branched, or cyclic C1-C structure optionally having one or more heteroatoms. 40 Hydrocarbon group. In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkylene group is C1-C. 30 Group. In another non-limiting embodiment, the alkylene group is C1-C. 20 Groups. Non-limiting examples of alkylene groups include: and .

[0042] The term "arylene" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group that optionally has one or more heteroatoms. The definition of arylene includes both carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups. Non-limiting examples of arylene include phenylene, naphthylene, pyridylene, etc.

[0043] The terms "branched and unbranched alkyl" refer to alkyl groups, which can be straight-chain or branched. Branched groups include isopropyl, tert-butyl, etc.

[0044] As used herein, the term "dispersant" refers to "a substance added to a suspension to improve particle separation and prevent sedimentation or agglomeration".

[0045] The term "heteroatom" refers to oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, or halogen. Heteroatoms can exist as part of a functional group containing one or more heteroatoms. Non-limiting examples of heteroatom-containing functional groups include ethers, hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups, carbonyl groups, carboxamide groups, carboxylic acid ester groups, carboxylic acid groups, imine groups, imide groups, amino groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfonamide groups, phosphonic acid groups, and silyl groups. Heteroatoms can also exist as part of a ring (e.g., in heteroaryl and heteroarylene groups).

[0046] As used herein, the term "maleated natural oil" refers to a natural oil containing at least one or more maleated functional groups. Therefore, the terms "maleation" or "maleated" as used below should be understood as "functionalization," since other functionalizing agents besides maleic anhydride may be used in the method of this invention.

[0047] The term "moiety" or "moieties" refers to a part or functional group of a molecule.

[0048] The term "natural oil" refers to compounds containing triglycerides, and may contain varying levels of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and diglycerides, with triglycerides referring to oils derived from plant or animal sources. Natural oils also contain fatty acid glycerides, synthesized by reacting glycerol with 1, 2, or 3 molar equivalents of fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids. These compounds can be monoglycerides, diglycerides, or triglycerides of a single fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids.

[0049] The term "maleic functional group" refers to the portion formed by attaching maleic anhydride to an unsaturated fatty acyl chain present in natural oils through an olefin reaction. "Maleic functional groups" include, but are not limited to, cyclic anhydride forms (I), diacid forms (II), disodium dicarboxylate forms (III), other dicarboxylate salt forms, and half-ester forms (IV). Because the carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride is converted to a saturated carbon-carbon single bond during the olefin reaction, the "maleic functional groups" drawn in I, II, III, and IV can also be referred to by those skilled in the art as succinic anhydride, succinic acid, succinate, or succinate half-ester functional groups.

[0050]

[0051] The maleation reaction in natural oils can be carried out under heating conditions via three methods. The first method, called the "ene" reaction (a reaction between the allyl moiety and the alkenophile in a pericyclic reaction), yields a triglyceride structure with an anhydride moiety (succinic anhydride). The second method is radical addition, which consumes the double bond in the fatty acid, introducing the succinic anhydride into the natural oil structure. The last reaction, also radical addition, introduces maleic anhydride into the natural oil structure without consuming the C=C bond (fatty acid chain and maleic anhydride); this reaction is achieved by abstracting hydrogen atoms from two olefin groups.

[0052] As a non-limiting exemplary example, the maling reaction can be carried out at elevated temperatures, such as about 150°C to about 300°C, or about 170°C to about 230°C, or about 200°C to about 220°C. The reaction time can be about 0.5 hours to about 14 hours. In one embodiment, the reaction time is about 1 hour to about 5 hours, in another embodiment, it is about 2 hours to about 6 hours, and in yet another embodiment, it is about 6 hours to about 10 hours.

[0053] As used herein, the term "base" refers to any substance that can change the pH of a solution from neutral pH 7.0 to alkaline pH (i.e., 7.1 to 14). Generally, bases are substances of a broad class of compounds that have one or more of the following properties: bitterness, a slippery feel in solution, the ability to turn litmus blue and give other indicators their characteristic color, and the ability to react (neutralize) acids to form salts (including organic or inorganic bases and mixtures thereof).

[0054] As used herein, the term "organic base" includes ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, histidines, guanidines, and mixtures thereof.

[0055] As used herein, the term "inorganic base" includes oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

[0056] The term "alkali metal alkalis" includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).

[0057] The term "alkaline earth metal alkalis" includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

[0058] The term "transition metal alkalis" includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), α (Rf), β (Db), β (Sg), β (Bh), β (Hs), β (Mt), β (Ds), and β (Rg).

[0059] As used herein, the term "battery" includes a single electrochemical cell or unicell and / or one or more electrochemical cells connected in series and / or parallel in a manner known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the term "battery" includes, but is not limited to, rechargeable battery packs, secondary battery packs, lithium-ion battery packs, and / or electrochemical cells.

[0060] The term "lithium-ion battery pack" as used in this article is interchangeable with lithium-ion battery and lithium polymer battery.

[0061] The term "functionalization" in relation to any part refers to the presence of one or more functional groups in that part. Various functional groups can be introduced into said part by one or more functionalization reactions known to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of functionalization reactions include: alkylation, epoxidation, sulfonation, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, amination, ammonolysis, acylation, nitration, oxidation, dehydration, elimination, hydration, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, acetalization, halogenation, dehydrohalogenation, Michael addition, aldol condensation, Canizzaro reaction, Mannich reaction, Clasien condensation, Suzuki coupling, etc. In one non-limiting embodiment, the term "functionalization" in relation to any part refers to the presence of one or more functional groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, alkoxy, amino, imino, and combinations thereof in that part.

[0062] As used in this article, the term "hydrophilic" refers to the affinity of a compound for water, while "hydrophobic" refers to its lack of affinity for water.

[0063] These terms are relative. The hydrophilic part has a higher affinity for water than the hydrophobic part, but the hydrophilic part can be completely water-soluble or incompletely water-soluble.

[0064] Similarly, the hydrophobic portion has a lower affinity for water than the hydrophilic portion, but the hydrophobic portion does not necessarily need to be waterproof. The hydrophilic portion has an affinity for water and other polar solvents, while the hydrophobic portion often has an affinity for oils, fats, and other nonpolar solvents.

[0065] The term "hydrocarbon group" includes straight-chain and branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, and combinations thereof with optionally heteroatoms. The hydrocarbon group may be monovalent, divalent, or polyvalent, and has a carbon chain containing at least 2 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 100 carbon atoms.

[0066] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0067] Non-limiting examples of Malaysian natural oils used as reaction component (A) of the present invention include Malaysian avocado oil, Malaysian coconut oil, Malaysian corn oil, Malaysian cottonseed oil, Malaysian jojoba oil, Malaysian linseed oil, Malaysian nut oil, Malaysian olive oil, Malaysian palm oil, Malaysian raisin oil, Malaysian rapeseed oil, Malaysian safflower oil, Malaysian sesame oil, Malaysian soybean oil, Malaysian pumpkin oil, Malaysian sunflower seed oil, Malaysian almond oil, Malaysian cauliflower oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian grapeseed oil, Malaysian palm kernel oil, Malaysian peanut oil, Malaysian walnut oil, Malaysian chickpea oil, Malaysian basil oil, and mixtures thereof.

[0068] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the Malay natural oil is Malay soybean oil.

[0069] According to another embodiment, the present invention relates to a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group, wherein the lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms, and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0070] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, aryl groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0071] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups, and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; and R and R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0072] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; each R 2R 3 R 4 R 5 and R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; each R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 and R 6 The group is independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0074] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms; and X is selected from OH, SH and NH2.

[0075] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms.

[0076] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP), which has the following structure: .

[0077] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, having the following structure: .

[0078] According to another embodiment, the present invention discloses a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil comprising soybean oil having maleized functional groups; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is maleized soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0079] According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil comprising soybean oil having maleized functional groups; and (B) 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is maleized soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0080] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleic natural oil comprising natural oil having maleic functional groups; and (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is maleic soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) portions, comprising one or more structures selected from the following: .

[0081] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleated soybean oil comprising soybean oil having maleated functional groups; and (B) 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is maleated soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidones, comprising one or more structures selected from the following:

[0082] Among them, R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0083] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0084] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group, wherein the lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0085] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; each R 2 R 3 R 4 R5 and R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0086] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms; and X is selected from OH, SH and NH2.

[0087] In one non-limiting embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) having the following structure: .

[0088] In one non-limiting embodiment, the base (C) is selected from inorganic bases, organic bases, and combinations thereof.

[0089] In one non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic base is selected from oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

[0090] In one non-limiting embodiment, the organic base is selected from ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

[0091] In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkali metal is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

[0092] In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkaline earth metal is selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

[0093] In one non-limiting embodiment, the transition metal is selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, α, β ... , , and their mixtures.

[0094] In one non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic base is selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of sodium and calcium, and combinations thereof.

[0095] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (C) a base selected from sodium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is a sodium salt of maleized soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0096] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction product of: (A) maleated soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (C) a base selected from sodium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0097] Specifically, the reaction product is a sodium salt of maleated soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, comprising one or more structures selected from the following:

[0098] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic moiety, hydrophilic moiety, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0099] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group and having the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The following are selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic portions, hydrophilic portions, and combinations thereof, wherein a maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0100] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from:

[0101] and combinations thereof, wherein Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; each R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 and R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

[0102] According to another embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and combinations thereof, wherein Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms; and X is selected from OH, SH and NH2.

[0103] In one non-limiting embodiment, the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) having the following structure: .

[0104] In one non-limiting embodiment, the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion (C) is a hydrophobic portion selected from: unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl alcohols and amines containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; unsubstituted and substituted polyols containing about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; silicon-based compounds; and combinations thereof.

[0105] In one non-limiting embodiment, the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion (C) is a hydrophilic portion selected from: unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl alcohols and amines containing about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; unsubstituted and substituted polyols containing about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG) containing 5 to 45 carbon atoms; silanes; and combinations thereof.

[0106] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silane is functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or a combination thereof.

[0107] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic portion is the hydrophobic portion of an alcohol selected from the following: hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecyl alcohol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, 1-tetradecyl alcohol, 2-tetradecyl alcohol, 1-hexadecyl alcohol, 2-hexadecyl alcohol, 1-octadecyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, docosyl alcohol, 1-naphthalenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

[0108] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic portion is the hydrophilic portion of an alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

[0109] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic portion is the hydrophilic portion of a polyol selected from: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, hexanediol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, threitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, glucosamine, mannitol, galactosamine, N-methylglucosamine, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and mixtures thereof.

[0110] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic portion is an amine selected from the following: amines, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0111] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic portion is the hydrophilic portion of an amine selected from: diethanolamine, serine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutane, 3-amino-1-propanol, its hydrochloride, its ammonium salt, and mixtures thereof.

[0112] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic portion is a hydrophobic portion selected from the following silicon-based compounds: aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, aminopropyl-monoaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, [(tetramethylpiperidoxy)propylmethylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-terminated (hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-terminated (monocarbinol)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, etc. (terminated) Polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-based single-terminated functional polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxy polyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

[0113] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic portion is the hydrophilic portion of a silane selected from 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

[0114] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic portion is the hydrophobic portion of a hydrocarbon alcohol containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and being linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional, or polyfunctional.

[0115] Based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom containing the hydroxyl group, alkyl alcohols are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. Each class of alcohols has a general formula. For example, the general formula for primary alcohols is... , The general formula for secondary alcohols is ,and The general formula for tertiary alcohols is , R, R', and R'' represent different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, and arylene groups.

[0116] According to one embodiment of the invention, (a) the hydrophobic portion is a portion selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl alcohols and amines containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; unsubstituted and substituted polyols containing about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; silicon-based compounds, and combinations thereof; and (b) the hydrophilic portion is a portion selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl alcohols and amines containing about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; unsubstituted and substituted polyols containing about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG) containing 5 to 45 carbon atoms; silanes; and combinations thereof.

[0117] According to one embodiment of the invention, (i) the hydrophobic moiety of alcohols selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups is selected from alcohols such as hexanal, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecyl alcohol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decyl alcohol, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, 1-tetradecyl alcohol, 2-tetradecyl alcohol, 1-hexadecyl alcohol, 2-hexadecyl alcohol, 1-octadecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-naphthalenemethanol, benzyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; (i) (i) The hydrophobic portion of an amine selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups is selected from benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof; and (iii) The hydrophobic portion of a polyol selected from unsubstituted and substituted groups is selected from 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, poly(tetramethylene carbonate) glycol, poly(hexamethylene carbonate) glycol, and castor oil.

[0118] According to one embodiment of the invention, (i) the hydrophilic portion of an alcohol selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof; (ii) the hydrophilic portion of an amine selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups is selected from diethanolamine, serine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutane, 3-aminopropanol, their hydrochlorides, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof; (iii) the hydrophilic portion of an amine selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups is selected from diethanolamine, serine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutane, 3-aminopropanol, their hydrochlorides, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof; The hydrophilic portion of the alcohol is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, hexanediol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, threitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, glucosamine, mannitol, galactosamine, N-methylglucosamine, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and mixtures thereof; and (iv) the hydrophilic portion of the silane is selected from 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

[0119] Preferably, the silane is functionalized with an alcohol or amine, or a combination thereof.

[0120] Preferably, the hydrophilic alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, methoxy polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.

[0121] Based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom, hydrocarbon amines are classified into primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Each class of amines can have a general formula. For example, the general formula for primary amines is... and The general formula for secondary amines is The general formula for tertiary amines is Where R 1 R 2 and R 3 Represents the same or different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl or arylene groups.

[0122] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic portion is a hydrophobic portion of a hydrocarbon amine containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and being linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional, or polyfunctional.

[0123] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a compound having the following structure: or Where R represents different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, arylene, heteroyl groups, and these groups are functionalized by at least one or more alcohols, amines, or combinations thereof, and n is 1 to 10.

[0124] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a siloxane, or a silane functionalized with an alcohol, amine, or a combination thereof.

[0125] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional, or polyfunctional compound.

[0126] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic compounds such as aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, aminopropyl mono-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, [tetramethylpiperidoxy]propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-terminated (hydroxy)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methanol mono-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methanol mono-terminated functional polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxy polyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

[0127]

[0128] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silane is a hydrophilic compound selected from 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

[0129]

[0130] In one non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the base (D) is selected from inorganic bases, organic bases, and combinations thereof.

[0131] In one non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic base is selected from oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

[0132] In one non-limiting embodiment, the organic base is selected from ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

[0133] In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkali metal is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

[0134] In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkaline earth metal is selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

[0135] In one non-limiting embodiment, the transition metal is selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, α, β ... , , and their mixtures.

[0136] In one non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic base is selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of sodium and calcium, and combinations thereof.

[0137] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleized functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product has the following structure: Where R 7 It is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms; and Each Q is independently selected from H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, ½ Mg, ½ Ca, ½ Co, ½ Cu, ½ Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0138] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleized functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product comprises one or more structures selected from: and ; Where R 7 It is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2-butyl-1-octyl, 2-hexyl-1-decyl, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl or a mixture thereof; and wherein R 8 R 9 and R 10 Each is independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or aralkyl group containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally containing heteroatoms.

[0139] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) maleic soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is a polymer having the following structure: Where n is greater than 1; Where R 11 It is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, and arylene moieties containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms; and Each Q is independently selected from H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, ½ Mg, ½ Ca, ½ Co, ½ Cu, ½ Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0140] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of a polymer having: (A) maleized soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the reaction product is a polymer comprising one or more structures selected from: and ; Among them, 1< n <30; where R 8 R 9 and R 10 Each is independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or aralkyl group containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally containing heteroatoms; and wherein R 11 It is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, and aryl moieties containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms; and, more specifically, R 11 It is -CH2CH2CH2-. , Or a mixture thereof.

[0141] In one non-limiting embodiment, the dispersed particles are in powder form.

[0142] According to one embodiment, the dispersed particles are coated or uncoated particles selected from metals, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, carbon-based compounds, composite materials and mixtures thereof.

[0143] According to one of the implementation schemes, the carbon-based compound is a carbon nanotube selected from single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, triple-walled carbon nanotubes, tetra-walled carbon nanotubes, few-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanofibers, fullerenes, short nanotubes, carbon particle nanotubes, and combinations thereof.

[0144] In another non-limiting embodiment, the dispersed particles are selected from alumina, alumina hydroxide, SiO2, BaSO4, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, Y2O3, B2O3, carbon nanotubes, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Al-doped LLZO) and combinations thereof.

[0145] In another non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic compound is selected from iron oxides, ferric titanate, ultramarine, mica, carbon black, clay, kaolin, talc, and combinations thereof.

[0146] In another non-limiting embodiment, the metal particles are selected from: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc). Ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), argon (Rf), argon (Db), argon (Sg), argon (Bh), argon (Hs), argon (Mt), argon (Ds), argon (Rg), and combinations thereof.

[0147] In another non-limiting embodiment, the organic compound is selected from polyamide resin powder (nylon powder), polyethylene powder, polymethyl methacrylate powder, polystyrene powder, styrene / acrylic acid copolymer resin powder, benzoguanamine resin powder, polytetrafluoroethylene powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), copolymers of ethylene pyrrolidone, cellulose powder, and combinations thereof.

[0148] In another non-limiting embodiment, the coated particles are selected from titanium oxide-coated mica, titanium oxide-coated bismuth oxychloride, titanium oxide-coated talc, colored titanium oxide-coated mica, metal-coated carbon nanotubes, metal-coated carbon graphene, and combinations thereof.

[0149] In another non-limiting embodiment, the composite material particles are colloidal polystyrene-silica.

[0150] In another non-limiting embodiment, the dispersed particles have a particle size distribution ranging from about 0.05 µm to about 50 µm with a d50.

[0151] In another non-limiting embodiment, d50 is about 0.05 µm to about 0.1 µm, about 0.11 µm to about 0.2 µm, about 0.21 µm to about 0.3 µm, about 0.31 µm to about 0.4 µm, about 0.41 µm to about 0.5 µm, about 0.5 µm to about 0.61 µm, about 0.61 µm to about 0.7 µm, about 0.71 µm to about 0.8 µm, about 0.81 µm to about 9 µm, about 0.91 µm to about 1 µm, about 1.1 µm to about 5 µm, about 6 µm to about 10 µm, about 11 µm to about 15 µm, about 16 µm to about 20 µm, about 21 µm to about 25 µm, about 26 µm to about 30 µm, about 31 µm to about 35 µm, about 36 µm to about 40 µm, about 41 µm to about 45 µm, and about 46 µm. The range is from µm to approximately 50 µm.

[0152] In another non-limiting embodiment, the slurry composition further comprises a solvent selected from at least one aqueous solvent, alcohols, phenols, acetates, ketones, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, amides, pyrrolidones, hydroxy esters, sulfoxides, lactones, anilines, hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, aromatic solvents, glycol esters, and combinations thereof.

[0153] In another non-limiting embodiment, the solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl β-methoxyisobutyrate, methyl α-hydroxyisobutyrate, aniline, N-methylaniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), and combinations thereof.

[0154] In one non-limiting embodiment, the slurry composition further comprises at least one functional ingredient selected from: pharmaceutical preparations, skin care products, oral care products, hair care products, energy preparations, building preparations, biocides, preservatives, nutritional supplements, food preparations, agricultural preparations, coating preparations, cosmetic preparations, home care products, industrial and institutional preparations, textile preparations, laundry detergents, cleaning agents, inorganic particles of ceramic compositions, and disinfectants.

[0155] In one non-limiting embodiment, the slurry compositions of the present invention relate to skin care compositions, hair care compositions, oral care compositions, home care compositions, energy compositions, building compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional and health care compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, oilfield compositions, cosmetic compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, ceramic coating compositions, metalworking fluids, battery pack compositions, and disinfection compositions.

[0156] Another aspect of this disclosure provides agricultural compositions comprising the slurry compositions of this disclosure.

[0157] In one non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, the agricultural composition comprises, by weight of the total agricultural composition, about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, or about 1% to about 2.5% by weight, or about 2.5% to about 5% by weight, or about 5% to about 10% by weight, or about 10% to about 15% by weight, or about 15% to about 20% by weight, or about 20% to about 25% by weight, or about 25% to about 30% by weight, or about 30% to about 35% by weight, or about 35% to about 35% by weight. The slurry is in the range of about 40% by weight, or about 40% by weight to about 45% by weight, or about 45% by weight to about 50% by weight, or about 50% by weight to about 55% by weight, or about 55% by weight to about 60% by weight, or about 60% by weight to about 65% by weight, or about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight, or about 70% by weight to about 75% by weight, or about 75% by weight to about 80% by weight, or about 80% by weight to about 85% by weight, or about 85% by weight to about 90% by weight, or about 90% by weight to about 95% by weight.

[0158] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, the agricultural composition may further comprise one or more agriculturally active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients. The total content of the above ingredients, based on the total weight of the agricultural composition, may range from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 1 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, or about 2.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, or about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, or about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, or about 25 wt% to about 30 wt%, or about 30 wt% to about 35 wt%, or about 35 wt% to about 40 wt%, or about 4 wt%. 0% by weight to about 45% by weight, or about 45% by weight to about 50% by weight, or about 50% by weight to about 55% by weight, or about 55% by weight to about 60% by weight, or about 60% by weight to about 65% by weight, or about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight, or about 70% by weight to about 75% by weight, or about 75% by weight to about 80% by weight, or about 80% by weight to about 85% by weight, or about 85% by weight to about 90% by weight, or about 90% by weight to about 95% by weight, or about 95% by weight to about 99.9% by weight.

[0159] In one non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, one or more agriculturally active ingredients used in the agricultural compositions of this disclosure include fertilizers or pesticides. Suitable and non-limiting examples of such fertilizers or pesticides may include, but are not limited to, rodenticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, insecticides, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, microbial agents, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, antiparasitic agents, antimicrobial agents, or combinations thereof.

[0160] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, one or more additional ingredients used may include adjuvants or inert ingredients. Suitable examples of adjuvants used in the agricultural compositions of this disclosure may include, but are not limited to, acidifiers, buffers, anti-foam agents, defoaming agents, antitranspirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oil surfactants, depositing agents, drift reduction agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safeners, spreaders, extenders, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrants, tank and equipment cleaners, adjusters, absorbents, water softeners, or combinations thereof. Similarly, suitable examples of inert ingredients used in the agricultural compositions of this disclosure may include, but are not limited to, solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, wetting agents, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, viscous agents, adhesives, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifying agents, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, or combinations thereof.

[0161] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, the agricultural composition is an adjuvant composition, fertilizer composition, nutrient composition, plant strengthening composition, seed coating composition, soil conditioner composition, livestock composition, granule composition, controlled-release composition, film coating composition, pesticide composition selected from ovicidal agents, rodenticides, insecticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, fungicides, and herbicides, microbial composition, antibiotic composition, antibacterial composition, antiviral composition, antifungal composition, antiprotozoal composition, antiparasitic composition, wood preservative composition, or antimicrobial composition.

[0162] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition, including capsule suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, seed treatment emulsions, concentrated water emulsions, microemulsions, suspension emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, flowable concentrates for seed treatment, oil dispersants, suspension concentrates, water-dispersible granules, or wettable powders.

[0163] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, this application discloses an agricultural composition comprising a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0164] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, this application discloses an agricultural composition comprising a slurry composition comprising: (i) reaction products of each of the following: (A) maleic natural oil comprising natural oil having maleic functional groups; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0165] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, this application discloses an agricultural composition comprising a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and ii) dispersed particles.

[0166] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, this application discloses a seed coating composition comprising a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0167] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, this application discloses a seed coating composition comprising a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0168] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, this application discloses a seed coating composition comprising a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles.

[0169] In one non-limiting embodiment, this application relates to a ceramic-coated spacer for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0170] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group and having the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1The composition is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0171] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group and having the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The composition is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (iii) a solvent; and (2) a spacer, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0172] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated spacer for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0173] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group and having the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The composition is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0174] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated spacer for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic moiety, hydrophilic moiety, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0175] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group and having the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The composition comprises (i) hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; (c) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic portions, hydrophilic portions, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (d) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0176] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group, and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl functional group, wherein the lactam having at least one hydroxyl functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene, arylene and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl may or may not contain heteroatoms; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic portion, hydrophilic portion and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0177] In another non-limiting embodiment, the ceramic slurry composition is coated on at least one surface of the spacer to form a coating thereon.

[0178] In another non-limiting embodiment, the spacer comprises a polyolefin.

[0179] In another non-limiting embodiment, the polyolefin is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

[0180] In another non-limiting embodiment, the ceramic-coated spacer has undergone at least one treatment selected from: corona treatment, atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) treatment, and polydopamine treatment.

[0181] In another non-limiting embodiment, the coating is uniformly distributed on the spacer.

[0182] In another non-limiting embodiment, the average thickness of the coating ranges from about 0.5 μm to about 5 μm.

[0183] In another non-limiting embodiment, the average thickness of the coating ranges from about 0.5 µm to about 0.6 µm, from about 0.61 µm to about 0.7 µm, from about 0.71 µm to about 0.8 µm, from about 0.81 µm to about 0.9 µm, from about 0.91 µm to about 1 µm, or from about 1.1 µm to about 5 µm.

[0184] In another non-limiting embodiment, the energy storage device is selected from fuel cells, electrochemical cells, battery packs, and capacitors.

[0185] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery comprising a ceramic-coated separator, wherein the ceramic-coated separator comprises: (1) a slurry composition comprising (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group, and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles; and (2) a separator, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0186] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery comprising a ceramic-coated separator, wherein the ceramic-coated separator comprises: (1) a slurry composition comprising (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group and having the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The composition is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and (ii) dispersed particles; and (2) a spacer, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0187] In another non-limiting embodiment, the masculinized functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion of the reaction.

[0188] In another non-limiting embodiment, this application relates to a ceramic-coated separator for a battery pack, comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising, (i) a reaction product of, (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group, and (B) at least one lactam having at least one hydroxyl functional group, wherein the lactam having at least one hydroxyl functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene, arylene and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl may or may not contain heteroatoms; (ii) dispersed particles; and (iii) solvent; and (2) spacer, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0189] In another non-limiting embodiment, this application relates to a battery pack comprising a ceramic-coated separator, wherein the ceramic-coated separator comprises: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group, and (B) a lactam having at least one hydroxyl functional group, wherein the lactam having at least one hydroxyl functional group has the following structure: Wherein: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene, arylene and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl may or may not contain heteroatoms; (ii) dispersed particles; and (iii) solvent; and (2) spacer, wherein the slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

[0190] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising ceramic-coated separators.

[0191] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising: at least one ceramic-coated separator, at least one cathode, and at least one anode.

[0192] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising a ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, the ceramic-coated separator comprising: (1) a ceramic slurry composition wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a separator wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0193] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising at least one ceramic-coated separator, the ceramic-coated separator comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0194] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising at least one ceramic-coated separator, the ceramic-coated separator comprising: (1) a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; (2) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator, at least one cathode, and at least one anode.

[0195] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising at least one ceramic-coated separator, the ceramic-coated separator comprising: (1) a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0196] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising at least one ceramic-coated separator, the ceramic-coated separator comprising: (1) a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (C) a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0197] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising at least one ceramic-coated separator, the ceramic-coated separator comprising: (1) a slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic moiety, hydrophilic moiety, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and (ii) dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and (2) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0198] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer, comprising: a) coating a ceramic slurry composition onto the spacer by a method selected from blade coating, rod coating, slot die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure coating, reverse coating, and combinations thereof; b) drying the ceramic slurry composition coated on the spacer using an energy source selected from thermal energy, ultraviolet (UV), light-emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB), and combinations thereof; and c) conditioning the coating at a temperature.

[0199] In another non-limiting embodiment, the step of drying the ceramic slurry composition layer on the spacer includes heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 20°C to about 80°C for about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

[0200] In another non-limiting embodiment, the temperature range is about 21°C to about 30°C, about 31°C to about 40°C, about 41°C to about 50°C, about 51°C to about 60°C, about 61°C to about 70°C, and about 71°C to about 80°C.

[0201] In another non-limiting embodiment, the step of drying the ceramic slurry composition layer on the spacer includes heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 50°C to about 80°C for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

[0202] In another non-limiting embodiment, the ceramic slurry composition layer on the conditioning spacer is subjected to a temperature of up to 100°C for up to 24 hours.

[0203] In another non-limiting embodiment, the ceramic slurry composition layer on the conditioning spacer is subjected to a temperature range of about 60°C to about 80°C for about 30 minutes.

[0204] Furthermore, some aspects of this application are described in detail through the following embodiments. The embodiments given herein are intended to illustrate this application and not to limit it.

[0205] Example Example A1 Grafting maleic anhydride into soybean oil Add 600 g of soybean oil and 204 g (3 molar equivalents of soybean oil) of maleic anhydride to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. Bubble the mixture with nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heat it to 210 °C and maintain it at 210 °C for 6–8 hours. NMR indicates the reaction is complete, and LC indicates that the residual maleic anhydride is less than 0.5%.

[0206] Example A2: Grafting maleic anhydride into palm oil 100 g of palm oil and 23 g (2 molar equivalents relative to palm oil) of maleic anhydride were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen bubbling adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was bubbled under nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heated to 210 °C and maintained at 210 °C for 8 to 10 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC showed that the residual maleic anhydride was <1%. Yield >96%.

[0207] Example A3: Grafting maleic anhydride onto scallop oil 100 g of senna oil and 22.2 g (2 molar equivalents relative to senna oil) of maleic anhydride were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen bubbling adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was bubbled under nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heated to 210 °C and maintained at 210 °C for 8 to 10 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC showed that the residual maleic anhydride was <1%. Yield >96%.

[0208] Example A4: Grafting maleic anhydride into sunflower seed oil 100 g of sunflower oil and 22.4 g (2 molar equivalents of sunflower oil) of maleic anhydride were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen bubbling adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was bubbled under nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heated to 210 °C and maintained at 210 °C for 8 to 10 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC showed that the residual maleic anhydride was <1%. Yield >96%.

[0209] Example A5: Grafting maleic anhydride onto castor oil 100 g of castor oil and 21 g (2 molar equivalents relative to castor oil) of maleic anhydride were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen bubbling adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was bubbled under nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heated to 210 °C and maintained at 210 °C for 8 to 10 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC showed that the residual maleic anhydride was <1%. Yield >96%.

[0210] Example A6: Grafting maleic anhydride into chickpea oil 100 g of chickpea oil and 38 g (3.4 molar equivalents of chickpea oil) of maleic anhydride were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen bubbling adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was bubbled under nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heated to 210 °C and maintained at 210 °C for 10–14 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC showed that the residual maleic anhydride was <0.5%. The yield of maleized chickpea oil was >96%.

[0211] Example A7: Grafting maleic anhydride onto perilla oil 100 g of perilla oil and 51.5 g (3 molar equivalents of perilla oil) of maleic anhydride were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen bubbling adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was bubbled under nitrogen at room temperature for 15 minutes, then slowly heated to 210 °C and maintained at 210 °C for 8 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC showed that the residual maleic anhydride was <0.5%. The yield of maleic perilla oil was >96%.

[0212] Example B1: Preparation of sodium salt of maleated soybean oil using aqueous sodium hydroxide solution In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleic soybean oil (MSBO) prepared in Example A1 was heated to 90°C, and after 1 hour, a mixture of 20.20 g (3 molar equivalents of soybean oil) of 50% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 70 g of water was added, controlling foaming. After the addition was complete, the mixture was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The product contained 70% by weight solids and was characterized by IR and NMR. Yield >96%.

[0213] Example B2: Preparation of sodium salt of maleic soybean oil (MSBO) using sodium carbonate In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of MSBO prepared in Example A1 was heated to 90 °C, and after 3 hours, 27.86 g (3 molar equivalents of soybean oil) of sodium carbonate dissolved in 85 g of water was added, controlling foam formation. The reaction was maintained at 90 °C for 3 hours. The product contained 56% by weight of solids and was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Yield >96%.

[0214] Example B3: Preparation of sodium salt of MSBO using aqueous sodium hydroxide solution In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 123 g of MSBO prepared in Example A1 was heated to 90 °C, and after 1 hour, a mixture of 9.04 g (2 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) of 50% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 80 g of water was added, controlling foaming. After the addition was complete, the mixture was maintained at 90 °C for 3 hours. The product contained 70% by weight solids and was characterized by IR and NMR. Yield >96%.

[0215] Example C1: Grafting 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) onto Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of MSBO prepared in Example A1 was mixed with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 molar equivalents of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) relative to MSBO, heated to 120 °C, and maintained at 120 °C for 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR, and GC indicated that the residual HEP was <5%. Yield >96%.

[0216] Example C2: Grafting 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone onto maleic soybean oil (MSBO) In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of MSBO prepared in Example A1 and 10.0 g (1 molar equivalent relative to MSBO) of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone were mixed, heated to 80 °C and maintained at 80 °C for 6 hours.

[0217] Example D1: Sodium salt of Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) after reaction with HEP In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the product obtained in Example C1 was heated to 85 °C. Water and a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added over 60 minutes to produce a final solution with a solid content of 50% by weight. The mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amount of sodium hydroxide added was sufficient to convert each carboxylic acid group generated by the hydrolysis of the acid anhydride or the reaction of the acid anhydride with HEP into the sodium salt of the corresponding carboxylic acid. The amber liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the sodium salt of the MSBO-HEP adduct was >98%.

[0218] Example D2: Lithium salt of Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) after reaction with HEP In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 152.1 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 41.8 g (2.5 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was cooled to 80 °C, and after 1 hour, 9.31 g (3 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of lithium hydroxide dissolved in 204 g of water was added to produce a final solution with a solid content of 50% by weight. The mixture was heated to 85 °C and maintained at 85 °C for 2 hours. The amber-colored product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0219] Example D3: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil (MSBO) after reaction with 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purging adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the product obtained in Example C2 was heated to 85°C. Water and a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added over 60 minutes to produce a final solution with a solid content of 50% by weight. The mixture was then maintained at 85°C for 4 hours. The amount of sodium hydroxide added was sufficient to convert each carboxylic acid group generated by the hydrolysis of the acid anhydride or the reaction of the acid anhydride with 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone into the sodium salt of the corresponding carboxylic acid.

[0220] Example E1: Maleic soybean oil (MSBO) reacted with HEP and 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, and crosslinked with glycerol. In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 211 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 9.69 g (0.4 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was adjusted to 85 °C, and 72.8 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (17.3 g, 1.0 molar equivalent) was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for another 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0221] Example E2: Maleic soybean oil (MSBO) was reacted with HEP and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and then crosslinked with glycerol. In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 9.10 g (0.4 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 29.8 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 90 °C, and 16.2 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0222] Example E3: Reaction of Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) with HEP and benzyl alcohol, followed by crosslinking with glycerol. In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 167 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 11.0 g (0.6 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 20.0 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of benzyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (13.1 g, 1.0 molar equivalent) was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for another 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0223] Example E4: Maleic soybean oil (MSBO) reacts with HEP and 1-naphthyl alcohol, and crosslinks with glycerol. In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 167 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 11.0 g (0.6 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 29.2 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of 1-naphthylethanol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (13.1 g, 1.0 molar equivalent) was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for another 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0224] Example E5: Reaction of Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) with HEP and dodecyl alcohol, followed by crosslinking with glycerol. In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 161 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 7.34 g (0.4 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed, heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 34.4 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of dodecanool was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 90 °C, and 13.1 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0225] Example E6: Reaction of Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) with HEP and docosyl alcohol, followed by crosslinking with glycerol. In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 151 g of MSBO prepared according to Example A1 and 6.87 g (0.4 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 59.4 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of dodecyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 90 °C, and 12.24 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0226] Example E7: Malaysian soybean oil (MSBO) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone and 2-octyl-1-dodecyl Alcohol reaction, and crosslinking with glycerol In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 211 g of MSBO prepared according to Example 1 and 9.69 g (0.4 molar equivalents relative to MSBO) of HEP were mixed and heated to 125 °C, and maintained at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was then adjusted to 85 °C, and 72.8 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (17.3 g, 1.0 molar equivalent) was added, and the mixture was maintained at 85 °C for another 6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield >96%.

[0227] Example F1 Seed coating using the reaction product of Example D1 and polyvinyl alcohol. Ten parts by weight of tebuconazole SC (20%), 1.55 parts of PVP and MVE-MAHE composite material, 0.075 parts of xanthan gum, 1.75 parts of propylene glycol, 0.1 parts of paraffin oil-based silica additive, 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1 part of the reaction product of Example D1, 2.5 parts of aqueous pigment dispersion (60% solid content) and 79.025 parts of water were mixed and stirred for 1 hour to disperse the mixture in order to prepare seed coating.

[0228] Example F2 Seed coating using the reaction product of Example D1 and PEG 400 Ten parts by weight of tebuconazole SC (20%), 1.55 parts of PVP and MVE-MAHE composite material, 0.075 parts of xanthan gum, 1.75 parts of propylene glycol, 0.1 parts of paraffin oil-based silica additive, 3 parts of PEG 400, 2 parts of the reaction product of Example D1, 2.5 parts of aqueous pigment dispersion (60% solid content) and 79.025 parts of water were mixed and stirred for 1 hour to disperse the mixture in order to prepare seed coating.

[0229] Example F3 Seed coating using the reaction product of Example D1 and the styrene-acrylic acid copolymer A mixture of 10 parts by weight of tebuconazole SC (20%), 1.55 parts of a composite of PVP and MVE-MAHE, 0.075 parts of xanthan gum, 1.75 parts of propylene glycol, 0.1 parts of paraffin oil-based silica additive, 2.5 parts of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, 2.5 parts of the reaction product of Example D1, 2.5 parts of an aqueous pigment dispersion (60% solids content) and 79.025 parts of water was stirred for 1 hour to disperse the mixture and prepare seed coating.

[0230] Example F4 Seed coating using the reaction product of Example D1 and vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymer Ten parts by weight of tebuconazole SC (20%), 1.55 parts of PVP and MVE-MAHE composite material, 0.075 parts of xanthan gum, 1.75 parts of propylene glycol, 0.1 parts of paraffin oil-based silica additive, 3 parts of vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymer, 2 parts of the reaction product of Example D1, 2.5 parts of aqueous pigment dispersion (60% solid content), and 79.025 parts of water were mixed and stirred for 1 hour to disperse the mixture in order to prepare seed coating.

[0231] Example G: Ceramic slurry preparation and spacer characterization Ashland Soteras™ CCS-V and deionized water were mixed at 900 rpm for several minutes. Ceramic particles were added, and the slurry was mixed at 1500 rpm for 1 hour. A 10 wt% aqueous solution of Soteras™ CCS-B was added dropper, and the slurry was mixed for 5 minutes. A 10 wt% aqueous solution of the dispersant from Example D1 was added dropper to the slurry, and the slurry was further mixed for 30 minutes. Ambergum™ 1221 (Ashland, Inc.) was used as a control dispersant. The final concentration of the Soteras™ CCS-V and Soteras™ CCS-B combination in the slurry (in proportions determined according to the product instructions) was approximately 1.6 to approximately 1.7 wt%. The final concentration of the ceramic particles was approximately 33 wt%. The final concentration of the dispersant (Example D1 or Ambergum™ 1221) was 0.00 wt% to 0.20 wt%. Specifically, ceramic slurries were tested where the dispersant was present at 0.12 wt% and 0.16 wt%.

[0232] The viscosity of the ceramic slurry was measured at 25°C using an LV Brookfield viscometer. The viscosity of the slurry was reduced by adding a dispersant.

[0233] Using a spatula, spread the slurry onto the polyolefin separator film to form a smooth, uniform ceramic coating. Cur the coated film in an oven at 60°C for 1 minute. Remove the cured film from the oven and allow it to cool to room temperature.

[0234] The Gurley porosity (air permeability) of the coated polyolefin membrane (and the uncoated original polyolefin membrane as a reference) was measured using a Gurley air permeability tester from TMI Machine, Inc. (Newcastle, Delaware). A Gurley value represents the time required for 100 mL of air to pass through a spacer of a specific area. The time difference between the coated membrane (which typically takes longer) and the blank uncoated polyolefin membrane was determined. Gurley increment results are expressed as a percentage. Ideally, the Gurley increment measurement should show no change (0%) compared to the Gurley porosity measurement of the blank polyolefin substrate.

[0235] To determine the thermal shrinkage rate of ceramic-coated spacer films, pre-cut square spacer films were heated in an air convection oven at 150°C for 1 hour. After 1 hour, the square spacers were inspected, and the thermal shrinkage rate was measured. For shrinkage rate, a lower value is better.

[0236] Although the compositions and methods of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts have been described in conjunction with specific aspects, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations may be made to the compositions and / or methods described herein, as well as the steps or sequence of steps of the methods, without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts. All such similar substitutions and modifications that are obvious to those skilled in the art are considered to fall within the spirit, scope, and concept of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts.

Claims

1. A slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction products of the following: (A) maleic natural oil, comprising natural oil having maleic functional groups; and (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (ii) Dispersed particles.

2. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the Malaysian natural oil is selected from Malaysian avocado oil, Malaysian coconut oil, Malaysian corn oil, Malaysian cottonseed oil, Malaysian jojoba oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian nut oil, Malaysian olive oil, Malaysian palm oil, Malaysian raisin oil, Malaysian rapeseed oil, Malaysian safflower oil, Malaysian sesame oil, Malaysian soybean oil, Malaysian pumpkin oil, Malaysian sunflower seed oil, Malaysian almond oil, Malaysian canola oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian grapeseed oil, Malaysian palm kernel oil, Malaysian peanut oil, Malaysian walnut oil, Malaysian chickpea oil, Malaysian perilla oil, and mixtures thereof.

3. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the Malay natural oil is Malay soybean oil.

4. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: in: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 Selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

5. The slurry composition of claim 4, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and its combinations, among which Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene groups, aryl groups, and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; and Each R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 and R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

6. The slurry composition of claim 5, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and its combinations, among which, Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NH2.

7. The slurry composition of claim 6, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) having the following structure: 。 8. The slurry composition of claim 1, comprising the reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil and (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; wherein the reaction product is maleized soybean oil partially substituted with one, two or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

9. The slurry composition of claim 8, comprising one or more structures selected from the following: 。 10. The slurry composition of claim 6, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone having the following structure: 。 11. The slurry composition of claim 1, comprising the reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil; and (B) 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, wherein the reaction product is maleized soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

12. The slurry composition of claim 11, comprising one or more structures selected from the following: in, R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

13. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersed particles are in powder form.

14. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersed particles have a particle size distribution d50 ranging from about 0.05 µm to about 50 µm.

15. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersed particles are selected from alumina, alumina hydroxide, SiO2, BaSO4, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, Y2O3, B2O3, carbon nanotubes, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Al-doped LLZO) and combinations thereof.

16. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the slurry composition further comprises a solvent selected from at least one aqueous solvent, alcohols, phenols, acetates, ketones, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, amides, pyrrolidones, hydroxy esters, sulfoxides, lactones, anilines, hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, aromatic solvents, glycol esters, and combinations thereof.

17. The slurry composition of claim 16, wherein the solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl β-methoxyisobutyrate, methyl α-hydroxyisobutyrate, aniline, N-methylaniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl acetoacetate, and combinations thereof.

18. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises at least one functional ingredient selected from: pharmaceutical preparations, skin care products, oral care products, hair care products, energy preparations, building preparations, biocides, preservatives, nutritional supplements, food preparations, agricultural preparations, coating preparations, cosmetic preparations, home care products, industrial and institutional preparations, textile preparations, laundry detergents, cleaning agents, inorganic particles of ceramic compositions, and disinfectants.

19. The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is selected from skin care compositions, hair care compositions, oral care compositions, home care compositions, energy compositions, building compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional and health care compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, oilfield compositions, cosmetic compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, ceramic coating compositions, metalworking fluids, battery compositions, and disinfectant compositions.

20. An agricultural composition comprising the slurry composition of claim 1.

21. The agricultural composition of claim 20, wherein the slurry composition is present in the range of about 0.1% by weight to about 95.0% by weight of the agricultural composition.

22. The agricultural composition of claim 20, wherein the agricultural composition further comprises about 0.01% by weight to about 99.9% by weight of one or more agriculturally active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

23. The agricultural composition of claim 22, wherein the agricultural active ingredient is selected from fertilizers or pesticides including: rodenticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, insecticides, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, microbial agents, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, antiparasitic agents, and antimicrobial agents.

24. The agricultural composition of claim 22, wherein the additional ingredient is an adjuvant or an inert ingredient.

25. The agricultural composition of claim 24, wherein the adjuvant is selected from acidifiers, buffers, defoamers, antifoaming agents, antitranspirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oil surfactants, depositing agents, drift reducing agents, foam markers, attractants, herbicide safeners, spreading agents, delaying agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrants, tank and equipment cleaners, regulators, absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

26. The agricultural composition of claim 24, wherein the inert component is selected from solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, wetting agents, insect repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, thickeners, adhesives, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifying agents, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

27. The agricultural composition of claim 20, wherein the agricultural composition is an adjuvant composition, fertilizer composition, nutrient composition, plant strengthening composition, seed coating composition, soil conditioner composition, livestock composition, granule composition, controlled-release composition, film coating composition, pesticide composition selected from ovicidal agents, rodenticides, insecticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, fungicides, and herbicides, microbial composition, antibiotic composition, antibacterial composition, antiviral composition, antifungal composition, antiprotozoal composition, antiparasitic composition, wood preservative composition, or antimicrobial composition.

28. The agricultural composition of claim 20, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, a seed treatment emulsion, a concentrated water emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspension emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a flowable concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersant, a suspension concentrate, a water-dispersible granule, or a wettable powder.

29. A ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: - The slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and - A spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

30. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 29, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from alumina, alumina hydroxide, SiO2, BaSO4, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, Y2O3, B2O3, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Al-doped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

31. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 29, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is coated on at least one surface of the spacer to form a coating thereon.

32. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 29, wherein the spacer comprises a polyolefin.

33. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 32, wherein the polyolefin is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

34. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 29, wherein the spacer has undergone at least one treatment selected from: corona treatment, atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) treatment, and polydopamine treatment.

35. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 31, wherein the coating is uniformly distributed on the surface of the spacer.

36. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 31, wherein the average thickness of the coating is in the range of about 1 to about 5 μm.

37. An energy storage device comprising the ceramic-coated separator of claim 29, wherein the energy storage device is selected from fuel cells, electrochemical cells, battery packs, and capacitors.

38. A battery pack comprising the ceramic-coated separator of claim 29.

39. A battery pack comprising: - At least one ceramic-coated spacer as described in claim 29, - At least one cathode, and - At least one anode.

40. A method for manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer, comprising: a) The ceramic slurry composition of claim 29 is coated on a spacer by a method selected from blade coating, rod coating, slot die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure coating, reverse coating, and combinations thereof, to form a ceramic slurry coating on the spacer; b) By using an energy source selected from thermal energy, ultraviolet (UV), light-emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB), and combinations thereof, drying the ceramic slurry coating obtained from step (a) on the spacer to form a ceramic coating on the spacer; and c) The ceramic coating in a temperature conditioning step (b).

41. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 40, wherein drying the ceramic slurry coating on the spacer in step (b) comprises heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 20°C to about 80°C for about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

42. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 40, wherein drying the ceramic slurry coating on the spacer in step (b) comprises heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 50°C to about 80°C for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

43. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 40, wherein step (c) of conditioning the ceramic coating on the spacer is performed at a temperature of up to 100°C for up to 24 hours.

44. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 40, wherein step (c) conditioning the ceramic coating on the spacer is performed for about 30 minutes in a temperature range of about 60°C to about 80°C.

45. A slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction products of the following: (A) maleic natural oil, comprising natural oil having maleic functional groups; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; and (C) a base; and (ii) Dispersed particles.

46. ​​The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the Malaysian natural oil is selected from Malaysian avocado oil, Malaysian coconut oil, Malaysian corn oil, Malaysian cottonseed oil, Malaysian jojoba oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian nut oil, Malaysian olive oil, Malaysian palm oil, Malaysian raisin oil, Malaysian rapeseed oil, Malaysian safflower oil, Malaysian sesame oil, Malaysian soybean oil, Malaysian pumpkin oil, Malaysian sunflower seed oil, Malaysian almond oil, Malaysian canola oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian grapeseed oil, Malaysian palm kernel oil, Malaysian peanut oil, Malaysian walnut oil, Malaysian chickpea oil, Malaysian perilla oil, and mixtures thereof.

47. The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the Malay natural oil is Malay soybean oil.

48. The slurry composition of claim 36, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: in: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 Selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

49. The slurry composition of claim 48, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and its combinations, among which Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; Each R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 and R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

50. The slurry composition of claim 49, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and its combinations, among which, Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NH2.

51. The slurry composition of claim 50, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) having the following structure: 。 52. The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the alkali (C) is selected from inorganic alkalis, organic alkalis, and mixtures thereof.

53. The slurry composition of claim 52, wherein the inorganic base is selected from oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

54. The slurry composition of claim 52, wherein the organic base is selected from ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

55. The slurry composition of claim 53, wherein the alkali metal is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

56. The slurry composition of claim 53, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium and mixtures thereof.

57. The slurry composition of claim 53, wherein the transition metal is selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, α, β, β, β, β , , , , and mixtures thereof.

58. The slurry composition of claim 52, wherein the inorganic base is selected from sodium, calcium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates and combinations thereof.

59. The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the slurry composition comprises a reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and (C) a base selected from sodium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates, wherein the reaction product is a sodium salt of maleized soybean oil partially substituted with one, two, or three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

60. The slurry composition of claim 59, comprising one or more structures selected from the following: 。 61. The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the composition further comprises at least one functional ingredient selected from: pharmaceutical preparations, skin care products, oral care products, hair care products, energy products, building preparations, biocides, preservatives, nutritional supplements, food products, agricultural preparations, coating preparations, cosmetic preparations, home care products, industrial and institutional preparations, textile preparations, laundry detergents, cleaning agents, inorganic particles of ceramic compositions, and disinfectants.

62. The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the composition is selected from skin care compositions, hair care compositions, oral care compositions, home care compositions, energy compositions, building compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional and health care compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, oilfield compositions, cosmetic compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, ceramic coating compositions, metalworking fluids, battery compositions, and disinfectant compositions.

63. An agricultural composition comprising the slurry composition of claim 45.

64. The agricultural composition of claim 63, wherein the slurry composition is present in the range of about 0.1% by weight to about 95.0% by weight of the agricultural composition.

65. The agricultural composition of claim 63, wherein the agricultural composition further comprises about 0.01% by weight to about 99.9% by weight of one or more agriculturally active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

66. The agricultural composition of claim 65, wherein the agricultural active ingredient is selected from fertilizers or pesticides including: rodenticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, insecticides, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, microbial agents, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, antiparasitic agents, and antimicrobial agents.

67. The agricultural composition of claim 65, wherein the additional ingredient is an adjuvant or an inert ingredient.

68. The agricultural composition of claim 67, wherein the adjuvant is selected from acidifiers, buffers, defoamers, antifoaming agents, antitranspirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oil surfactants, depositing agents, drift reducing agents, foam markers, attractants, herbicide safeners, spreading agents, delaying agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrants, tank and equipment cleaners, regulators, absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

69. The agricultural composition of claim 67, wherein the inert component is selected from solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, wetting agents, insect repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, thickeners, adhesives, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifying agents, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

70. The agricultural composition of claim 63, wherein the agricultural composition is an adjuvant composition, fertilizer composition, nutrient composition, plant strengthening composition, seed coating composition, soil conditioner composition, livestock composition, granule composition, controlled-release composition, film coating composition, pesticide composition selected from ovicidal agents, rodenticides, insecticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, fungicides, and herbicides, microbial composition, antibiotic composition, antibacterial composition, antiviral composition, antifungal composition, antiprotozoal composition, antiparasitic composition, wood preservative composition, or antimicrobial composition.

71. The agricultural composition of claim 63, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, a seed treatment emulsion, a concentrated water emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspension emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a flowable concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersant, a suspension concentrate, a water-dispersible granule, or a wettable powder.

72. A ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: - The slurry composition of claim 45, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and - A spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

73. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 72, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from alumina, alumina hydroxide, SiO2, BaSO4, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, Y2O3, B2O3, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Al-doped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

74. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 72, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is coated on at least one surface of the spacer to form a coating thereon.

75. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 72, wherein the spacer comprises a polyolefin.

76. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 75, wherein the polyolefin is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

77. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 74, wherein the spacer has undergone at least one treatment selected from: corona treatment, atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) treatment, and polydopamine treatment.

78. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 74, wherein the coating is uniformly distributed on the surface of the spacer.

79. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 74, wherein the average thickness of the coating is in the range of about 1 to about 5 μm.

80. An energy storage device comprising the ceramic-coated separator of claim 72, wherein the energy storage device is selected from fuel cells, electrochemical cells, battery packs, and capacitors.

81. A battery pack comprising the ceramic-coated separator of claim 72.

82. A battery pack comprising: - At least one ceramic-coated spacer as described in claim 72, - At least one cathode, and - At least one anode.

83. A method for manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer, comprising: a) The ceramic slurry composition of claim 72 is coated on a spacer by a method selected from blade coating, rod coating, slot die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure coating, reverse coating, and combinations thereof, thereby forming a ceramic slurry coating on the spacer; b) By using an energy source selected from thermal energy, ultraviolet (UV), light-emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB), and combinations thereof, drying the ceramic slurry coating obtained from step (a) on the spacer to form a ceramic coating on the spacer; and c) The ceramic coating in a temperature conditioning step (b).

84. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 83, wherein drying the ceramic slurry coating on the spacer in step (b) comprises heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 20°C to about 80°C for about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

85. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 83, wherein drying the ceramic slurry coating on the spacer in step (b) comprises heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 50°C to about 80°C for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

86. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 83, wherein step (c) of conditioning the ceramic coating on the spacer is performed at a temperature of up to 100°C for up to 24 hours.

87. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 83, wherein step (c) conditioning the ceramic coating on the spacer is performed at a temperature range of about 60°C to about 80°C for about 30 minutes.

88. A slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction product of: (A) a maleic natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleic functional group; (B) a lactam moiety having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleic functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; and (D) optionally, a base; and ii) Dispersed particles.

89. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the Malaysian natural oil is selected from Malaysian avocado oil, Malaysian coconut oil, Malaysian corn oil, Malaysian cottonseed oil, Malaysian jojoba oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian nut oil, Malaysian olive oil, Malaysian palm oil, Malaysian raisin oil, Malaysian rapeseed oil, Malaysian safflower oil, Malaysian sesame oil, Malaysian soybean oil, Malaysian pumpkin seed oil, Malaysian sunflower seed oil, Malaysian almond oil, Malaysian canola oil, Malaysian flaxseed oil, Malaysian grapeseed oil, Malaysian palm kernel oil, Malaysian peanut oil, Malaysian walnut oil, Malaysian chickpea oil, Malaysian perilla oil, and mixtures thereof.

90. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the Malay natural oil is Malay soybean oil.

91. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group has the following structure: in: Y is an alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein 2 to 4 carbon atoms are located in the lactam ring. Groups and Between groups; Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 Selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and R is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

92. The slurry composition of claim 91, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and its combinations, among which Q is selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups, arylene groups and combinations thereof, wherein any of the above groups may or may not contain oxygen atoms; Each R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 and R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms; and, X is selected from OH, SH, and NHR. 1 , where R 1 The group is selected from hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups, wherein the functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups may or may not contain heteroatoms.

93. The slurry composition of claim 92, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl, thiol, or amine functional group is selected from: and its combinations, among which, Q is a linear alkylene chain (–CH2-CH2–) having at least two carbon atoms; and X is selected from OH, SH, and NH2.

94. The slurry composition of claim 93, wherein the lactam (B) having at least one hydroxyl group, thiol, or amine is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) having the following structure: 。 95. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the hydrophobic portion (C) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl alcohols and amines containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms, unsubstituted and substituted polyols containing about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms, silicon-based compounds, and combinations thereof.

96. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the hydrophilic portion (C) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl alcohols and amines containing about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; unsubstituted and substituted polyols containing about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms with or without additional heteroatoms; polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG) containing 5 to 45 carbon atoms; silanes; and combinations thereof.

97. The slurry composition of claim 96, wherein the silane is functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or a combination thereof.

98. The slurry composition of claim 95, wherein the hydrophobic portion is (i) a hydrophobic portion of an alcohol selected from the group consisting of: hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecyl alcohol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, 1-tetradecyl alcohol, 2-tetradecyl alcohol, 1-hexadecyl alcohol, 2-hexadecyl alcohol, 1-octadecyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, docosyl alcohol, 1-naphthalenemethanol, benzyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

99. The slurry composition of claim 95, wherein the hydrophobic portion is a hydrophobic portion selected from the following polyols: 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, poly(tetramethylene carbonate) glycol, poly(hexamethylene carbonate) glycol, castor oil, and mixtures thereof.

100. The slurry composition of claim 96, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

101. The slurry composition of claim 96, wherein the hydrophilic portion is a hydrophilic portion selected from the following polyols: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, hexanediol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, threitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, glucosamine, mannitol, galactosamine, N-methylglucosamine, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and mixtures thereof.

102. The slurry composition of claim 95, wherein the hydrophobic portion is a hydrophobic portion of an amine selected from: benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenylethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof.

103. The slurry composition of claim 95, wherein the hydrophilic portion is a hydrophilic portion of an amine selected from: diethanolamine, serine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutane, 3-amino-1-propanol, their hydrochlorides, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

104. The slurry composition of claim 95, wherein the hydrophobic portion is a silicon-based compound selected from aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, aminopropyl mono-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, [tetramethylpiperidoxy]propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-(hydroxy)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-mono-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methanol-mono-terminated functional polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxy polyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

105. The slurry composition of claim 96, wherein the hydrophilic compound is a silane compound selected from 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

106. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the alkali (D) is selected from inorganic alkalis, organic alkalis, and mixtures thereof.

107. The slurry composition of claim 106, wherein the inorganic base is selected from oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

108. The slurry composition of claim 106, wherein the organic base is selected from ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

109. The slurry composition of claim 107, wherein the alkali metal is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

110. The slurry composition of claim 107, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium and mixtures thereof.

111. The slurry composition of claim 107, wherein the transition metal is selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, α, β, β, β, β , , , , and mixtures thereof.

112. The slurry composition of claim 106, wherein the inorganic base is selected from sodium, calcium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, and combinations thereof.

113. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the slurry composition comprises the reaction product of: (A) maleized soybean oil; (B) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized portion selected from hydrophobic portions, hydrophilic portions, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleized functional group has partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized portion; and (D) optionally, a base.

114. The slurry composition of claim 113, wherein the reaction product has the following structure: Where R 7 It is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and aralkyl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms; and Each Q is independently selected from H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, ½ Mg, ½ Ca, ½ Co, ½ Cu, ½ Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

115. The slurry composition of claim 114, wherein the reaction product comprises one or more structures selected from the group consisting of: and ； Where R 7 It is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2-butyl-1-octyl, 2-hexyl-1-decyl, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl or a mixture thereof; and wherein R 8 R 9 and R 10 Each is independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or aralkyl group containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally heteroatoms.

116. The slurry composition of claim 113, wherein the reaction product is a polymer having the following structure: Where n is greater than 1; Where R 11 It is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, and arylene moieties containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms; and Each Q is independently selected from H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, ½ Mg, ½ Ca, ½ Co, ½ Cu, ½ Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

117. The reaction product of claim 116, wherein the polymer comprises one or more structures selected from the group consisting of: and ； Among them, 1< n <30; where R 8 R 9 and R 10 Each is independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or aralkyl group containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally containing heteroatoms; and wherein R 11 It is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from unsubstituted and substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, and aryl moieties containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms.

118. The reaction product of claim 117, wherein R 11 It is -CH2CH2CH2-, 、 Or a mixture thereof.

119. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the composition further comprises at least one functional ingredient selected from: pharmaceutical preparations, skin care products, oral care products, hair care products, energy preparations, building preparations, biocides, preservatives, nutritional supplements, food preparations, agricultural preparations, coating preparations, cosmetic preparations, home care products, industrial and institutional preparations, textile preparations, laundry detergents, cleaning agents, inorganic particles of ceramic compositions, and disinfectants.

120. The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the composition is selected from skin care compositions, hair care compositions, oral care compositions, home care compositions, energy compositions, building compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional and health care compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, oilfield compositions, cosmetic compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, ceramic coating compositions, metalworking fluids, battery compositions, and disinfectant compositions.

121. An agricultural composition comprising the slurry composition of claim 88.

122. The agricultural composition of claim 121, wherein the slurry composition is present in the range of about 0.1% by weight to about 95.0% by weight of the agricultural composition.

123. The agricultural composition of claim 121, wherein the agricultural composition further comprises about 0.01% by weight to about 99.9% by weight of one or more agriculturally active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

124. The agricultural composition of claim 123, wherein the agricultural active ingredient is selected from fertilizers or pesticides including: rodenticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, insecticides, herbicides, ovicides, fungicides, microbial agents, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, antiparasitic agents, and antimicrobial agents.

125. The agricultural composition of claim 123, wherein the additional ingredient is an adjuvant or an inert ingredient.

126. The agricultural composition of claim 125, wherein the adjuvant is selected from acidifiers, buffers, defoamers, antifoaming agents, antitranspirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oil surfactants, depositing agents, drift reducing agents, foam markers, attractants, herbicide safeners, spreading agents, delaying agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrants, tank and equipment cleaners, regulators, absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

127. The agricultural composition of claim 125, wherein the inert component is selected from solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, wetting agents, insect repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, thickeners, adhesives, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifying agents, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

128. The agricultural composition of claim 121, wherein the agricultural composition is an adjuvant composition, fertilizer composition, nutrient composition, plant strengthening composition, seed coating composition, soil conditioner composition, livestock composition, granule composition, controlled-release composition, film coating composition, pesticide composition selected from compositions of ovicidal agents, rodenticides, insecticides, acaricides, algaecides, molluscicides, miticides, birdicides, fungicides, and herbicides, microbial composition, antibiotic composition, antibacterial composition, antiviral composition, antifungal composition, antiprotozoal composition, antiparasitic composition, wood preservative composition, or antimicrobial composition.

129. The agricultural composition of claim 121, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, a seed treatment emulsion, a concentrated water emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspension emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a flowable concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersant, a suspension concentrate, a water-dispersible granule, or a wettable powder.

130. A ceramic-coated separator for an energy storage device, comprising: - The slurry composition of claim 88, wherein the dispersed particles are ceramic particles, and wherein the slurry composition is a ceramic slurry composition; and - A spacer, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the spacer.

131. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 130, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from alumina, alumina hydroxide, SiO2, BaSO4, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, Y2O3, B2O3, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Al-doped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

132. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 130, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is coated on at least one surface of the spacer to form a coating thereon.

133. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 130, wherein the spacer comprises a polyolefin spacer.

134. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 133, wherein the polyolefin is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

135. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 130, wherein the spacer has undergone at least one treatment selected from: corona treatment, atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) treatment, and polydopamine treatment.

136. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 132, wherein the coating is uniformly distributed on the surface of the spacer.

137. The ceramic-coated spacer of claim 132, wherein the average thickness of the coating is in the range of about 1 to about 5 μm.

138. An energy storage device comprising the ceramic-coated separator of claim 130, wherein the energy storage device is selected from fuel cells, electrochemical cells, battery packs, and capacitors.

139. A battery pack comprising the ceramic-coated separator of claim 130.

140. A battery pack comprising: - At least one ceramic-coated spacer as described in claim 130, - At least one cathode, and - At least one anode.

141. A method for manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer, comprising: a) The ceramic slurry composition of claim 130 is coated on a spacer by a method selected from blade coating, bar coating, slot die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure coating, reverse coating, and combinations thereof, to form a ceramic slurry coating on the spacer. b) By using an energy source selected from thermal energy, ultraviolet (UV), light-emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB), and combinations thereof, drying the ceramic slurry coating obtained from step (a) on the spacer to form a ceramic coating on the spacer; and c) Ceramic coating in a temperature conditioning step (b).

142. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 141, wherein drying the ceramic slurry coating on the spacer in step (b) comprises heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 20°C to about 80°C for about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

143. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 141, wherein drying the ceramic slurry coating on the spacer in step (b) comprises heating the coated spacer in a temperature range of about 50°C to about 80°C for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

144. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 141, wherein step (c) of conditioning the ceramic coating on the spacer is performed at a temperature of up to 100°C for up to 24 hours.

145. The method of manufacturing a ceramic-coated spacer according to claim 141, wherein step (c) conditioning the ceramic coating on the spacer is performed for about 30 minutes in a temperature range of about 60°C to about 80°C.

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