Quick seed filling and cleaning mechanism for a field planter

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural seeding equipment technology, and discloses a rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a small-area seeder. The mechanism includes a seeder frame, with seeding unit structures fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom of the frame. A negative pressure fan is fixedly connected to the outer side of each seeding unit structure, and a small-area seed metering device is fixedly connected to the outer side of each seeding unit structure. A rapid seed cleaning mechanism is installed on the outer side of each seeding unit structure, used for switching between seed metering and seed cleaning modes. A seed box conveying mechanism is installed at the top of the seeder frame, used for accurately conveying the corresponding seeds when sowing each work area. An auxiliary scraper mechanism is installed on the inner side of the small-area seed metering device. This invention thoroughly cleans residual seeds and prevents mixing through negative pressure suction, temporary seed storage, and mechanical linkage cleaning technology, simplifying the equipment structure and ensuring continuous sowing operations without stopping the machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural seeding equipment technology, specifically a rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a small-area seeder. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural scientific experiments and crop breeding, it is often necessary to sow different experimental varieties in strictly defined plots for comparative studies of variety characteristics and data collection. These experiments require extremely high purity of the varieties during sowing, and mixing of seed varieties between adjacent plots is strictly prohibited. To meet this special and high-precision sowing requirement, plot seeders specifically designed for isolating different varieties have emerged. The rapid seed clearing and filling mechanism, as the core functional component of the plot seeder, directly determines the variety isolation effect, operational efficiency, and reliability of experimental data. It is a key fundamental component ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of agricultural scientific research experiments.

[0003] Existing seed cleaning and filling mechanisms for small-area seeders are mainly used in conjunction with pneumatic or mechanical seed metering components. When a variety needs to be changed after completing a block, the mechanism often uses positive pressure airflow to blow away the inside of the seed metering component, or relies on the structure's own gravity to slide down in combination with manual assistance to clean the residual seeds inside. In the seed supply stage, a seed guide channel is usually set up above the equipment. The operator pours the test seeds to be planted into the channel, and the seeds go directly into the seed metering component to wait for operation. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of the experiment, corresponding movable baffles are installed inside the mechanism to guide the flow of seeds at different operation stages.

[0004] While existing seed cleaning and filling mechanisms can work with plot seeders to complete basic plot trial sowing tasks, they still have some significant shortcomings: the positive pressure blowing or gravity cleaning methods used by existing mechanisms to clean residual seeds are insufficient to cover the structural dead corners inside the seed metering device. This incomplete cleaning can lead to residual seeds remaining in the previous plot, causing mechanical mixing of different experimental varieties when sowing in the next plot, directly compromising the accuracy of research data. Simultaneously, the existing direct-flow seed supply structure lacks buffering and storage capabilities. Each time the experimental variety is changed, the equipment must be completely stopped and manual feeding must be completed, making it impossible to prepare the next batch of seeds in advance during equipment operation, resulting in frequent interruptions to continuous sowing operations. Furthermore, when physically separating the seed metering area and the seed cleaning area, existing mechanisms often require additional independent drive components for the internal movable baffles. This design not only increases the complexity of the internal structure but also, due to the inconsistent signal response times between multiple independent drive components, makes it difficult to maintain strict timing synchronization between the opening of the seed cleaning channel and the pre-processing actions, affecting the stability and reliability of the seed cleaning and filling operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder, which solves the problems of incomplete seed cleaning leading to mixed experimental varieties, lack of seed supply and temporary storage causing frequent interruptions in continuous operation, and the structural complexity and asynchronous operation caused by the independent drive of the internal physical partition baffles in existing plot seeders.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a small-area seeder, comprising a seeder frame, seed unit structures fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom of the seeder frame, a negative pressure fan fixedly connected to the outer side of the seed unit structure, a small-area seed metering device fixedly connected to the outer side of the seed unit structure, a rapid seed cleaning mechanism provided on the outer side of the seed unit structure, the rapid seed cleaning mechanism being used for switching between seed metering and seed cleaning modes, a seed box conveying mechanism provided on the top of the seeder frame, the seed box conveying mechanism being used for accurately conveying the corresponding seeds when sowing each working area, and an auxiliary scraper mechanism provided on the inner side of the small-area seed metering device, the auxiliary scraper mechanism being used for physically separating and guiding the seed chamber and the seed cleaning area of ​​the small-area seed metering device.

[0007] Preferably, the rapid seed cleaning mechanism includes a three-way block, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the sowing unit structure. The negative pressure fan is connected to the three-way block. The outer wall of the small-area seed metering device is connected to a seed metering device air pressure interface, which is connected to the three-way block. A seed collection bucket is fixedly connected to the outside of the sowing unit structure. The top of the seed collection bucket is connected to a negative pressure interface. The bottom of the negative pressure interface is fixedly connected to an intercepting net cylinder, which is connected to the three-way block. A seed cleaning suction pipe is connected to the outside of the small-area seed metering device. A discharge interface is connected to the outside of the seed collection bucket, and the seed cleaning suction pipe is connected to the discharge interface. A sliding cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the three-way block. A limiting block is fixedly connected to the output end of the sliding cylinder. Rotating blocks are rotatably connected to both sides of the top of the three-way block. A linkage arm is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating block. The inner sides of the two linkage arms are engaged with the limiting block. The bottom end of the rotating block passes through the three-way block and is fixedly connected to a conversion door.

[0008] Preferably, the seed box conveying mechanism includes a seed box placement frame, which is fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame. A seed box is placed inside the seed box placement frame, and a support frame is fixedly connected to the lower part of the seed box placement frame. A seed diverting block is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seed box placement frame, and a seed discharging pipe is connected to the lower end of the seed diverting block. The other end of the seed discharging pipe is connected to a seed storage block, which is connected to the outside of the small-area seed metering device. A seed discharging cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the seed storage block, and a baffle is fixedly connected to the output end of the seed discharging cylinder. The baffle has an extended structure and is inclined and fits against the discharge port of the seed storage block.

[0009] Preferably, the auxiliary scraper mechanism includes a drive motor, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding device. The output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. A guide scraper is slidably connected to the outside of the rotating shaft. A return spring is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide scraper. The other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft. An auxiliary wheel is rotatably connected to the outside of the guide scraper. A limit plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the conversion door fits into the inner side of the three-way block, and the size of the conversion door is adapted to the air passage inside the three-way block; the aperture of the intercepting mesh cylinder is 0.5-1mm, and a sealing valve is provided on the outer side of the discharge port.

[0011] Preferably, a contraction spring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the seed recycling bin, and a cover plate is provided on the outer side of the seed recycling bin. The top end of the cover plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the contraction spring, and the outer wall of the cover plate is engaged with the bottom end of the seed recycling bin.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the seed diversion block is provided with a cross-shaped feed port, the position of which corresponds to the discharge position of the seed box placement rack; the bottom of the seed storage block is inclined, the outer wall of the baffle is in contact with the discharge port of the seed storage block, and the baffle controls the opening and closing of the discharge port of the seed storage block under the drive of the seed dispensing cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the reset spring abuts between the rotating shaft and the guide scraper; the auxiliary wheel is rotatably connected to the end of the guide scraper, and the guide scraper abuts against the inner wall of the seeding device through the auxiliary wheel under the elastic force of the reset spring; the limiting plate is disposed on the rotating shaft to limit the extension and retraction of the reset spring.

[0014] Preferably, an electrical distribution box and a fertilizer storage box are fixedly connected to the outside of the seeder frame, a control box is fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame, a positive pressure gas tank is also fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame, and the positive pressure gas tank is connected to the air pressure interface of the seed metering device; a collection frame is fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame, and the position of the discharge interface corresponds to the collection frame.

[0015] Preferably, a soil-covering wheel is rotatably connected to the bottom of the seeding unit structure, a generator and a seat are fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame, RTK positioning antennas are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the seeder frame, and an industrial control screen is fixedly connected to the outside of the seed box placement frame.

[0016] This invention provides a rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a small-area seeder. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses a sliding cylinder to drive a switching door to change the airflow channel inside the three-way block. A negative pressure fan is used to create negative pressure suction at the seed cleaning pipe to directly suck the residual seeds in the seed metering device into the seed collection bucket for centralized collection. This structure changes the traditional cleaning method and uses negative pressure suction to clean the residual seeds inside the seed metering device, avoiding mechanical mixing between different experimental varieties when planting adjacent plots.

[0017] 2. This invention uses a seed distribution block and a seed discharge pipe in the seed box conveying mechanism to allow seeds to slide naturally to the seed storage block by gravity. The opening and closing of the discharge port is controlled by a baffle driven by a seed dispensing cylinder. This structure achieves stable delivery and interception storage of target variety seeds. Moreover, operators can directly replenish seed boxes on the seed box placement rack during equipment operation, maintaining the continuity of sowing operations and reducing downtime for seed preparation.

[0018] 3. This invention uses a drive motor of the auxiliary scraper mechanism to rotate the shaft. With the extension and retraction of the return spring, the guide scraper always stays in contact with the inner wall of the seed metering device during rotation. This structure can directly scrape off seeds stuck in the dead corners and push them to the seed cleaning suction pipe while sealing the seed metering port. Combined with the anti-dislodgement limit design of the return spring by the limiting plate, the long-term stability of the scraper mechanism is ensured. Through the combination of physical scraping and negative pressure suction, residual seeds attached to the inner wall of the seed metering device are effectively removed, further improving the quality of seed changing and cleaning operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a rear view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding monomer structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the T-shaped block of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the seed recycling bin of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the seed box placement rack of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seed metering device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the seed metering device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary scraper mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] The components include: 1. Seeder frame; 2. Rapid seed cleaning mechanism; 21. T-shaped block; 22. Slide cylinder; 23. Limiting block; 24. Rotating block; 25. Linkage support arm; 26. Conversion door; 27. Seed cleaning suction pipe; 28. Seed metering device air pressure interface; 29. ​​Seed collection bin; 210. Negative pressure interface; 211. Interception net cylinder; 212. Discharge interface; 213. Contraction spring; 214. Cover plate; 3. Seed box conveying mechanism; 31. Seed box placement rack; 32. Seed placement box; 33. Support frame; 34. Seed diversion block. 35. Seed metering pipe; 36. Seed storage block; 37. Seed dispensing cylinder; 4. Auxiliary scraper mechanism; 41. Drive motor; 42. Rotating shaft; 43. Guide scraper; 44. Return spring; 45. Auxiliary wheel; 46. Limiting plate; 5. Seeding unit structure; 6. Soil-covering wheel; 7. Negative pressure fan; 8. Small plot seed metering device; 9. Industrial control panel; 10. Seat; 11. RTK positioning antenna; 12. Distribution box; 13. Fertilizer storage box; 14. Collection frame; 15. Positive pressure air tank; 16. Generator; 17. Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 10This invention provides a rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a small-area seeder, including a seeder frame 1. Seeding unit structures 5 are fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom of the seeder frame 1. A negative pressure fan 7 is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding unit structure 5. A small-area seed metering device 8 is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding unit structure 5. A rapid seed cleaning mechanism 2 is provided on the outside of the seeding unit structure 5. The rapid seed cleaning mechanism 2 is used to switch between seed metering and seed cleaning modes. A seed box conveying mechanism 3 is provided on the top of the seeder frame 1. The seed box conveying mechanism 3 is used to accurately convey the corresponding seeds when sowing each working area. An auxiliary scraper mechanism 4 is provided on the inner side of the small-area seed metering device 8. The auxiliary scraper mechanism 4 is used to physically separate and guide the seed chamber and the seed cleaning area of ​​the small-area seed metering device 8. The rapid seed cleaning mechanism 2 includes a three-way block 21, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the sowing unit structure 5. A negative pressure fan 7 is connected to the three-way block 21. The outer wall of the small-area seed metering device 8 is connected to a seed metering device air pressure interface 28, which is connected to the three-way block 21. A seed collection bin 29 is fixedly connected to the outside of the sowing unit structure 5. A negative pressure interface 210 is connected to the top of the seed collection bin 29. A blocking net cylinder 211 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the negative pressure interface 210, which is connected to the three-way block 21. The small-area seed metering device 8... The outer side is connected to a seed cleaning pipe 27, and the outer side of the seed recycling bin 29 is connected to a discharge interface 212. The seed cleaning pipe 27 is connected to the discharge interface 212. The top of the three-way block 21 is fixedly connected to a slide cylinder 22. The output end of the slide cylinder 22 is fixedly connected to a limiting block 23. The top two sides of the three-way block 21 are rotatably connected to rotating blocks 24. The outer wall of the rotating block 24 is fixedly connected to a linkage arm 25. The inner sides of the two linkage arms 25 are engaged with the limiting block 23. The bottom end of the rotating block 24 passes through the three-way block 21 and is fixedly connected to a conversion door 26. The outer wall of the conversion door 26 fits against the inner side of the three-way block 21, and the size of the conversion door 26 is adapted to the air passage inside the three-way block 21; the aperture of the intercepting net cylinder 211 is 0.5-1mm, and a sealing valve is provided on the outer side of the discharge interface 212; a contraction spring 213 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the seed recycling bin 29, and a cover plate 214 is provided on the outer side of the seed recycling bin 29. The top of the cover plate 214 is fixedly connected to the other end of the contraction spring 213, and the outer wall of the cover plate 214 is engaged with the bottom end of the seed recycling bin 29. Specifically, during variety switching and cleaning of residual seeds, the sliding cylinder 22 is controlled to retract, causing the limiting block 23 to move linearly. Since the limiting block 23 engages with the linkage arms 25 on both sides, the displacement of the limiting block 23 drives the linkage arms 25 and the rotating block 24 to rotate, thereby causing the switching door 26 to rotate inside the three-way block 21 to switch the internal air path. At this time, the airflow channel between the three-way block 21 and the seed metering air pressure interface 28 is disconnected, while the airflow channel between it and the negative pressure interface 210 is connected. The negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure fan 7 passes sequentially through the three-way block 21 and the negative pressure interface 210. The seeds enter the seed collection bin 29 through the inlet 210 and are drawn into the seed collection bin 29 through the seed cleaning suction pipe 27. The seeds remaining inside the seed metering device 8 are drawn into the seed collection bin 29 through the seed cleaning suction pipe 27 under the action of airflow. The intercepting net cylinder 211 at the bottom of the negative pressure inlet 210 physically blocks the sucked-in seeds to prevent them from entering the blower with the airflow. The seeds fall to the bottom of the seed collection bin 29 for temporary storage. After cleaning, the operator opens the sealing valve at the discharge inlet 212 or pulls the cover plate 214 outward to overcome the tension of the contraction spring 213 and disengage it from the locked state, so that the collected residual seeds can be discharged.

[0023] See appendix Figure 2 - Appendix Figure 8 The seed box conveying mechanism 3 includes a seed box placement frame 31, which is fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame 1. A seed box 32 is placed inside the seed box placement frame 31. A support frame 33 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the seed box placement frame 31. A seed diverting block 34 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seed box placement frame 31. A seed discharging pipe 35 is connected to the lower end of the seed diverting block 34. A seed discharging pipe 35 is connected to the other end of the seed discharging pipe 35. A seed storage block 36 is connected to the outside of the small area seed metering device 8. A seed discharging cylinder 37 is fixedly connected to the outside of the seed storage block 36. A baffle is fixedly connected to the output end of the seed discharging cylinder 37. The baffle is an extended structure and is inclined and attached to the discharge port of the seed storage block 36. The top of the seed diversion block 34 is provided with a cross-shaped feed port, and the position of the feed port corresponds to the discharge position of the seed box placement rack 31; the bottom of the seed storage block 36 is inclined, and the outer wall of the baffle is in contact with the discharge port of the seed storage block 36. The baffle controls the opening and closing of the discharge port of the seed storage block 36 under the drive of the seed dispensing cylinder 37. Specifically, during the preparation stage, the operator places the seed placement box 32 containing seeds into the seed box placement rack 31. The seeds in the seed box fall to the cross-shaped feed port of the seed diversion block 34 under the action of gravity, and slide down along the seed discharging pipe 35 into the seed temporary storage block 36. At this time, the piston rod of the seed discharging cylinder 37 is in the extended position, and the baffle at its end is attached to the discharge port at the bottom of the seed temporary storage block 36 to prevent the seeds from falling and complete the seed preparation. When sowing begins or a new round of filling is carried out, the seed discharging cylinder 37 is controlled to retract, which drives the baffle to disengage from the discharge port of the seed temporary storage block 36. The seeds retained inside the seed temporary storage block 36 slide down along the inclined bottom of the box and enter the small area seed metering device 8. During continuous sowing operations, the seed placement box 32 filled with seeds is directly replenished at the seed box placement rack 31, and the seeds can continuously slide into the seed temporary storage block 36 along the above path.

[0024] See appendix Figure 9 - Appendix Figure 11 The auxiliary scraper mechanism 4 includes a drive motor 41, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding device 8. The output end of the drive motor 41 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 42. A guide scraper 43 is slidably connected to the outside of the rotating shaft 42. A return spring 44 is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide scraper 43. The other end of the return spring 44 is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft 42. An auxiliary wheel 45 is rotatably connected to the outside of the guide scraper 43. A limit plate 46 is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft 42. The reset spring 44 abuts against the rotating shaft 42 and the guide scraper 43; the auxiliary wheel 45 is rotatably connected to the end of the guide scraper 43, and the guide scraper 43 abuts against the inner wall of the seeding device 8 through the auxiliary wheel 45 under the elastic force of the reset spring 44; the limiting plate 46 is set on the rotating shaft 42 to limit the extension and retraction stroke of the reset spring 44. Specifically, in the initial state of normal seeding, the guide scraper 43 is tightly pressed against the baffle inside the seed metering device 8, and the auxiliary wheel 45 at the end remains in contact with the inner side of the baffle. At this time, the return spring 44 is in a compressed state. When the seed cleaning operation is performed, the drive motor 41 starts and drives the rotating shaft 42 to rotate. The return spring 44 releases its elastic force and pushes the guide scraper 43 outward. The auxiliary wheel 45 then rolls above the baffle until the guide scraper 43 directly abuts against the inner wall of the seed metering device 8, completely sealing the seeding port above the baffle. In this structure, the limiting plate 46 is specifically used to limit the return spring 44 to prevent the spring from detaching and falling off during repeated expansion and contraction. At the same time, the internal air circuit of the device switches to generate negative pressure, and the drive motor 41 continues to drive the rotating shaft 42 to rotate. The guide scraper 43 sweeps across the seed guide plate and the bottom seed chamber area inside the small seed metering device 8 in sequence. During the entire rotation process, the guide scraper 43 slides relative to the rotating shaft 42. With the extension and retraction of the return spring 44, the guide scraper 43 can always conform to and stick to the inner wall contour of the small seed metering device 8, forcibly scraping off the residual seeds stuck in the dead corners inside, and pushing them to the seed cleaning suction pipe 27 to be drawn away by negative pressure. After the seed cleaning is completed, the drive motor 41 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the rotating shaft 42 and the guide scraper 43 to return to their original positions and restore the initial compression and adhesion state.

[0025] See appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 The outside of the seeder frame 1 is fixedly connected to the power distribution box 12 and the fertilizer storage box 13. The top of the seeder frame 1 is fixedly connected to the control box 17. The top of the seeder frame 1 is also fixedly connected to the positive pressure tank 15, which is connected to the air pressure interface 28 of the seed metering device. The top of the seeder frame 1 is fixedly connected to the collection frame 14, and the position of the discharge interface 212 corresponds to the collection frame 14. The bottom of the seeding unit structure 5 is rotatably connected to the soil covering wheel 6. The top of the seeder frame 1 is fixedly connected to the generator 16 and the seat 10. The top two sides of the seeder frame 1 are fixedly connected to the RTK positioning antenna 11. The outside of the seed box placement rack 31 is fixedly connected to the industrial control screen 9. Specifically, generator 16 provides power for the whole machine operation, and the circuit is distributed by distribution box 12. The operator sets the sowing parameters and issues commands through industrial control screen 9 on seat 10. After receiving the commands, control box 17 controls each cylinder and negative pressure fan 7 to work together. RTK positioning antenna 11 receives positioning data to determine the boundary of the sowing area. During normal seed metering operation, slide cylinder 22 is in the initial extended state. The conversion door 26 keeps the three-way block 21 connected to the seed metering air pressure interface 28. The pressure gas output from positive pressure tank 15 enters the small area seed metering device 8 through seed metering air pressure interface 28 to assist the seed metering device in completing the seed adsorption and sowing action. After the seeds are discharged and fall into the soil, the soil covering wheel 6 at the bottom of the sowing unit structure 5 rolls with the whole machine to complete the soil covering and compaction of the seeds. After the seed cleaning process is completed, the residual seeds discharged from seed recycling bin 29 and the empty seed boxes discharged from seed box placement rack 31 fall into collection frame 14 for centralized processing. Fertilizer storage box 13 is used to store the base fertilizer applied at the same time as sowing.

[0026] Working principle: When the seed planter needs to change varieties after completing the sowing of a block, the rapid seed cleaning mechanism 2 starts to operate. The slide cylinder 22 retracts, causing the limiting block 23 to move linearly. The limiting block 23 locks and drives the linkage arms 25 on both sides and the rotating block 24 to rotate, thereby driving the conversion door 26 at the bottom of the three-way block 21 to switch the air path. At this time, the airflow channel between the three-way block 21 and the air pressure interface 28 of the seed metering device is disconnected, and the airflow channel with the negative pressure interface 210 of the seed recycling bin 29 is opened. The negative pressure fan 7 generates negative pressure air. The seeds flow through the three-way block 21 and the negative pressure interface 210 into the seed recycling bin 29. A negative pressure suction is formed at the seed cleaning pipe 27, which sucks the seeds remaining inside the seed metering device 8 into the seed recycling bin 29 for temporary storage. The intercepting net cylinder 211 at the bottom of the negative pressure interface 210 is used to prevent the seeds from being sucked into the fan by the airflow. The switching door 26 is driven by the sliding cylinder 22 to switch the air path. The negative pressure is used to directly suck the residual seeds in the dead corner of the seed metering device, which realizes the rapid cleaning and centralized recycling of residual seeds and prevents the mechanical mixing of experimental varieties in adjacent plots. Furthermore, before using the rapid seed cleaning mechanism 2 for seed cleaning, the seed box conveying mechanism 3 is used to transport and temporarily store the target variety seeds. The seed placement box 32 containing the seeds is placed in the seed box placement rack 31. The seeds fall through the inlet of the seed diversion block 34 by gravity and enter the seed temporary storage block 36 along the seed discharging pipe 35. In the initial state, the piston rod of the seed discharging cylinder 37 is in the extended position, and the baffle at the output end of the seed discharging cylinder 37 is attached to the discharge port at the bottom of the temporary storage box to intercept and seal the seeds. When the equipment enters the filling stage after the regular seed discharging or seed cleaning is completed, the seed discharging cylinder 37 drives the baffle to retract, opening the discharge port so that the temporarily stored seeds fall into the seed chamber of the small area seed metering device 8. By using gravity flow in combination with the stroke control of the cylinder baffle, the stable transport, reliable interception and quantitative filling of seeds are achieved. During the sowing process, seed boxes can be replenished in sequence behind the support, ensuring the continuity of the whole machine's field operation. Simultaneously, through the auxiliary scraper mechanism 4, before using the rapid seed cleaning mechanism 2 to suck up residual seeds, the auxiliary scraper mechanism 4 needs to cooperate in closing the seed outlet and scraping off the internal seeds. In the initial state, the guide scraper 43 is attached to the baffle inside the small-area seed meter 8, the upper auxiliary wheel 45 is in contact with the inner side of the baffle, and the return spring 44 is in a compressed state. When the seed cleaning operation is performed, the drive motor 41 is started to drive the rotating shaft 42 to rotate, the return spring 44 pushes the guide scraper 43 to extend, and the auxiliary wheel 45 rolls above the baffle until the guide scraper 43 contacts the housing of the small-area seed meter 8, completely blocking the seed outlet above the baffle. At the same time, the air path is switched, and the residual seeds begin to be extracted by negative pressure. The drive motor 41 continues to drive the rotating shaft 42 and the upper auxiliary wheel 45 to rotate. The square structure rotates, causing the guide scraper 43 to pass sequentially through the seed guide plate and the bottom seed chamber area inside the small-area seed metering device 8. During this rotation, relying on the relative sliding between the guide scraper 43 and the rotating shaft 42, as well as the pushing and contracting of the return spring 44, the guide scraper 43 remains in contact with the inner wall of the small-area seed metering device 8, scraping off the stuck residual seeds and pushing them to the seed cleaning suction tube 27. After the seed cleaning is completed, the drive motor 41 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the rotating shaft 42 and the upper structure back to the initial state. By utilizing the combination of the drive motor 41 and the adaptive extension and contraction of the return spring 44, the guide scraper 43 can closely fit the internal contour of the seed metering device, realizing the forced physical scraping and directional pushing of seeds stuck in dead corners, greatly improving the thoroughness of negative pressure seed cleaning.

[0027] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a small-area seeder, comprising a seeder frame (1), characterized in that, The bottom two sides of the seeder frame (1) are fixedly connected to a seeding unit structure (5). A negative pressure fan (7) is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding unit structure (5). A small plot seed metering device (8) is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding unit structure (5). A rapid seed cleaning mechanism (2) is provided on the outside of the seeding unit structure (5). The rapid seed cleaning mechanism (2) is used to switch between seed metering and seed cleaning modes. A seed box conveying mechanism (3) is provided on the top of the seeder frame (1). The seed box conveying mechanism (3) is used to accurately transport the corresponding seeds when sowing each working plot. An auxiliary scraper mechanism (4) is provided on the inside of the small plot seed metering device (8). The auxiliary scraper mechanism (4) is used to scrape and gather the residual seeds during seed cleaning.

2. The rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid seed cleaning mechanism (2) includes a three-way block (21), which is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding unit structure (5). The negative pressure fan (7) is connected to the three-way block (21). The outer wall of the small-area seed metering device (8) is connected to a seed metering device air pressure interface (28), which is connected to the three-way block (21). A seed collection bucket (29) is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding unit structure (5). A negative pressure interface (210) is connected to the top of the seed collection bucket (29). An intercepting net cylinder (211) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the negative pressure interface (210), which is connected to the three-way block (21). The small-area seed metering device... (8) has a seed cleaning pipe (27) connected to the outside, and a discharge interface (212) is connected to the outside of the seed recycling bin (29). The seed cleaning pipe (27) is connected to the discharge interface (212). A slide cylinder (22) is fixedly connected to the top of the three-way block (21). A limiting block (23) is fixedly connected to the output end of the slide cylinder (22). Rotating blocks (24) are rotatably connected to both sides of the top of the three-way block (21). A linkage arm (25) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating block (24). The inner sides of the two linkage arms (25) are engaged with the limiting block (23). The bottom end of the rotating block (24) passes through the three-way block (21) and is fixedly connected to a conversion door (26).

3. The rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed box conveying mechanism (3) includes a seed box placement frame (31), which is fixedly connected to the top of the seeder frame (1). A seed box (32) is placed inside the seed box placement frame (31). A support frame (33) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the seed box placement frame (31). A seed diversion block (34) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seed box placement frame (31). A seed dispensing pipe (35) is connected to the lower end of the seed diversion block (34). A seed dispensing pipe (35) is connected to the other end of the seed dispensing pipe (35). A seed storage block (36) is connected to the outside of the small area seed metering device (8). A seed dispensing cylinder (37) is fixedly connected to the outside of the seed storage block (36). A baffle is fixedly connected to the output end of the seed dispensing cylinder (37). The baffle is an extended structure and is inclined and attached to the discharge port of the seed storage block (36).

4. The rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary scraper mechanism (4) includes a drive motor (41), which is fixedly connected to the outside of the seeding device (8). The output end of the drive motor (41) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (42). A guide scraper (43) is slidably connected to the outside of the rotating shaft (42). A return spring (44) is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide scraper (43). The other end of the return spring (44) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft (42). An auxiliary wheel (45) is rotatably connected to the outside of the guide scraper (43). A limit plate (46) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft (42).

5. The rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the conversion door (26) fits against the inner side of the three-way block (21), and the size of the conversion door (26) is adapted to the air passage inside the three-way block (21); the aperture of the intercepting net cylinder (211) is 0.5-1mm, and a sealing valve is provided on the outer side of the discharge port (212).

6. The rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, A contraction spring (213) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the seed recycling bin (29), and a cover plate (214) is provided on the outer side of the seed recycling bin (29). The top end of the cover plate (214) is fixedly connected to the other end of the contraction spring (213), and the outer wall of the cover plate (214) is engaged with the bottom end of the seed recycling bin (29).

7. The rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the seed diversion block (34) is provided with a cross-shaped feed port, the position of which corresponds to the discharge position of the seed box placement rack (31); the bottom of the seed storage block (36) is inclined, the outer wall of the baffle is in contact with the discharge port of the seed storage block (36), and the baffle controls the opening and closing of the discharge port of the seed storage block (36) under the drive of the seed dispensing cylinder (37).

8. A rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reset spring (44) abuts against the rotating shaft (42) and the guide scraper (43); the auxiliary wheel (45) is rotatably connected to the end of the guide scraper (43), and the guide scraper (43) abuts against the inner wall of the seeding device (8) through the auxiliary wheel (45) under the elastic force of the reset spring (44); the limiting plate (46) is provided on the rotating shaft (42) to limit the extension and retraction stroke of the reset spring (44).

9. A rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outside of the seeder frame (1) is fixedly connected to a power distribution box (12) and a fertilizer storage box (13). The top of the seeder frame (1) is fixedly connected to a control box (17). The top of the seeder frame (1) is also fixedly connected to a positive pressure tank (15). The positive pressure tank (15) is connected to the air pressure interface (28) of the seed metering device. The top of the seeder frame (1) is fixedly connected to a collection frame (14), and the position of the discharge interface (212) corresponds to that of the collection frame (14).

10. A rapid seed cleaning and filling mechanism for a plot seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the seeding unit structure (5) is rotatably connected to a soil-covering wheel (6), the top of the seeder frame (1) is fixedly connected to a generator (16) and a seat (10), both sides of the top of the seeder frame (1) are fixedly connected to an RTK positioning antenna (11), and the outside of the seed box placement rack (31) is fixedly connected to an industrial control screen (9).

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