Anti-icing heating system and its manufacturing method and fan blades

Abstract

This invention provides an anti-icing heating system, its manufacturing method, and a fan blade. The anti-icing heating system includes: a first protective layer and a second protective layer, at least one heating layer, and at least one set of self-regulating electrodes. The heating layer is one layer, and the self-regulating electrodes are arranged in one set. The heating layer is disposed between the first and second protective layers, and the self-regulating electrodes are disposed between the heating layer and either the first or second protective layer. The number of heating layers is two or more, with the heating layer disposed between the first and second protective layers, and the self-regulating electrodes disposed between adjacent heating layers. The self-regulating electrodes extend along the width direction of the heating layer. This application has the following advantages: the heating material and the number of self-regulating electrode layers can be adjusted according to the anti-icing power requirements, resulting in a flexible structure and controllable heating temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application provides an anti-icing heating system, its manufacturing method, and a wind turbine blade, belonging to the field of wind turbine blade anti-icing and de-icing technology. Background Technology

[0002] In humid and cold climates, ice formation on the surface of wind turbine blades reduces power generation efficiency, increases load, exacerbates blade and hub damage, and threatens personnel safety. The heating layer requires separate layering, a cumbersome process that can lead to wrinkles, misalignment, and breakage. Single-layer heating materials have high resistance, low heating power density, and poor de-icing performance. When multiple heating materials are connected in parallel, delamination can cause partial discharge, leading to overheating or even burnout. When the heating layer is integrally cast with the wind turbine blade material or made into a prepreg, the presence of adhesive materials and numerous layers can result in incomplete resin impregnation, leading to delamination. During the heating process, damage to the temperature sensor may prevent real-time temperature monitoring and automatic temperature control, causing overheating, damage, or even ignition. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-icing heating system, its manufacturing method and a fan blade, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides an anti-icing heating system, including: a first protective layer and a second protective layer; at least one heating layer; at least one set of self-regulating electrodes; wherein the heating layer is one layer, the number of sets of self-regulating electrodes is one set, the heating layer is disposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the self-regulating electrodes are disposed between the heating layer and the first protective layer or the second protective layer; the number of heating layers is two or more, the heating layer is disposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the self-regulating electrodes are disposed between two adjacent heating layers; the self-regulating electrodes extend along the width direction of the heating layer.

[0005] In some embodiments, the self-regulating electrode includes a conductive layer and a self-regulating layer, wherein the self-regulating layer is disposed on the heating layer and the conductive layer is disposed on the self-regulating layer; or, the conductive layer is disposed at intervals on the outer side of the end of the heating layer, the self-regulating layer covers the interval between the conductive layer and the heating layer, and the conductive layer in at least one group of the self-regulating electrodes extends beyond the heating layer.

[0006] In some embodiments, the material of the self-regulating layer includes at least one of the following: thermistor ceramics, shape memory alloys, bimetallic springs, and carbon-containing composite materials.

[0007] Optionally, the self-regulating layer is made of a carbon-containing composite material with PTC effect. This material can be used as part of the heating element to prevent localized cold spots in the heating layer without causing mechanical fatigue. In addition, it can ensure that the heating material can heat continuously and stably without frequent start-stop cycles.

[0008] In some embodiments, the conductive layer may be in the form of at least one of a mesh, ribbon, woven tape, foil, and plating.

[0009] In some embodiments, the material of the conductive layer includes a good conductor of metal.

[0010] In some embodiments, the good metallic conductor includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, iron, and alloys.

[0011] Optionally, the conductive layer is made of copper mesh, because copper mesh has good electrical conductivity and better infusion effect.

[0012] In some embodiments, the number n of heating layers is calculated using formula I: n=(Q×A×R) / U 2 ...I, where n is an integer, U is the supply voltage in V, and Q is the power density in W / m³. 2 A represents the area of ​​the heating zone, in meters (m²). 2 R is the resistance of a single heating layer, measured in Ω.

[0013] In some embodiments, the heating layer may be in the form of at least one of fabric, chopped strand mat, nonwoven fabric, coating, film, or filament.

[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the heating layer includes at least one of carbon powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon cloth, carbon-glass hybrid material, and good metallic conductors.

[0015] Optionally, the heating layer is made of carbon fiber surface felt, which has good heating effect and excellent heating uniformity, and there is no problem of anisotropic heating effect.

[0016] In some embodiments, resin powder and adhesive material are filled between the first protective layer and the heating layer closest to the first protective layer, between the second protective layer and the heating layer closest to the second protective layer, and between two adjacent heating layers.

[0017] In some embodiments, the adhesive material is in the form of at least one of powder, film, glue, and tape.

[0018] In some embodiments, the adhesive material comprises a polymer compound.

[0019] Optionally, fiberglass tape can be used as the adhesive material to ensure a strong bond, while also serving as an reinforcing layer that integrates well with the heating layer during pouring.

[0020] In some embodiments, the polymeric compound includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins.

[0021] In some embodiments, the thermosetting resin includes at least one of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, vinyl resin, silicone resin, modified silane resin, cycloolefin resin, acrylic resin, bismaleimide resin, allyl resin, furan resin, amino resin, and alkyd resin; the thermoplastic resin includes at least one of polyolefin resin, polycyclic olefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylic acid resin, polyacrylate resin, polyamide resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polyetheramide resin, polyether ester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyoxymethylene resin, polyester resin, polyether resin, fluoropolymer resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyimide resin, polysulfone resin, polyketone resin, polyphenylene ester resin, modified resin, or polymer alloy.

[0022] In some embodiments, both the first protective layer and the second protective layer comprise at least one of fiberglass cloth, polyimide film, polypropylene fiber film, natural fiber film, and resin-modified fiber cloth.

[0023] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing an anti-icing heating system as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: The first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, the self-limiting temperature electrode, the adhesive material, and the resin powder are prepared according to the size of the anti-icing zone of the wind turbine blades. According to the structure of the anti-icing heating system, the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, the self-limiting electrode, the adhesive material and the resin powder are laid up and assembled, and then compacted to form a stack; The layers are sewn together to obtain the anti-icing heating system.

[0024] In some embodiments, during the sewing process, the sewing threads are distributed at preset positions along the length and width of the anti-icing heating system, and the sewing thread density at the edge of the self-limiting electrode is higher than that in other areas.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a wind turbine blade, including an anti-icing heating system as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The heating material and the number of self-limiting electrode layers can be adjusted according to the anti-icing power requirements, resulting in a flexible structure; 2. Multiple heating materials are connected in parallel to reduce the overall resistance of the heating layer and improve heating efficiency; 3. The placement of resin powder facilitates complete penetration of the heating layer during the injection process, achieving the required strength; 4. The sewing process ensures that adjacent heating materials are tightly bonded together, preventing delamination that could lead to increased local resistance and overheating. It also facilitates handling and subsequent installation on the blade surface. 5. The conductive material and the self-regulating material are combined to form a self-regulating electrode, which is connected in series with the heating material. By utilizing the positive temperature coefficient or thermal deformation characteristics of the self-regulating material, the automatic "voltage reduction" or "power cut-off" operation is achieved when the heating layer is overheated. At the same time, the circuit is automatically "voltage increase" or "connected" when the temperature decreases, thereby realizing the overall temperature control of the heating layer. Attached Figure Description

[0027] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing heating system of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the self-limiting temperature electrode and the heating layer connected in series in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing heating system of Embodiment 1 in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing heating system of Embodiment 2 in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing heating system of Embodiment 3 in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of the anti-icing heating system in this application; In the diagram: 11, First protective layer; 12, Second protective layer; 2, Adhesive material layer; 3, Heating layer; 4, Self-regulating electrode; 41, Conductive layer; 42, Self-regulating layer; 5, Sewing thread; 6, Resin powder. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides an anti-icing heating system, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a first protective layer 11 and a second protective layer 12; at least one heating layer 3; at least one set of self-limiting electrodes 4; the heating layer 3 is one layer, the number of sets of self-limiting electrodes 4 is one set, the heating layer 3 is disposed between the first protective layer 11 and the second protective layer 12, and the self-limiting electrodes 4 are disposed between the heating layer 3 and the first protective layer 11 or the second protective layer 12; the number of heating layers 3 is two or more, the heating layer 3 is disposed between the first protective layer 11 and the second protective layer 12, and the self-limiting electrodes 4 are disposed between two adjacent heating layers 3; the self-limiting electrodes 4 extend along the width direction of the heating layer.

[0031] In some embodiments, the self-regulating electrode 4 includes a conductive layer 41 and a self-regulating layer 42, wherein the self-regulating layer 42 is disposed on the heating layer 3, and the conductive layer 41 is disposed on the self-regulating layer 42 (e.g., Figure 3 (As shown in a), or, the conductive layer 41 is disposed at intervals on the outer side of the end of the heating layer 3, and the self-limiting layer 42 covers the interval between the conductive layer 41 and the heating layer 3 (as shown in a diagram). Figure 3 (as shown in b), and at least one set of conductive layers 41 from the temperature-limiting electrode 4 extends to the outside of the heating layer 3.

[0032] In some embodiments, the material of the self-regulating layer 42 includes at least one of the following: thermistor ceramic, shape memory alloy, bimetallic spring, and carbon powder-containing composite material.

[0033] When the temperature reaches a first temperature, the resistance of the thermistor ceramic and the carbon-containing composite material increases to two orders of magnitude or more higher than that of the heating layer, or when the temperature reaches a first temperature, the self-regulating layer and the heating layer disconnect. When the temperature reaches a second temperature, the resistance of the thermistor ceramic and the carbon-containing composite material decreases to the same order of magnitude as that of the heating layer, or when the temperature reaches a second temperature, the self-regulating layer and the heating layer connect.

[0034] The self-regulating layer and the heating layer are adjacent circuits. Here, disconnection refers to the internal electrical disconnection of the shape memory alloy or bimetallic spring components.

[0035] "Thermosensitive ceramics and carbon-containing composite materials reach the second temperature" means that when the temperature reaches the first temperature, the heating layer stops heating or reduces the heating power, and the surface temperature of the heating layer decreases to the second temperature under freezing weather conditions.

[0036] In some embodiments, the conductive layer 41 may be in the form of at least one of a mesh, ribbon, braided tape, foil, and plating.

[0037] In some embodiments, the material of the conductive layer 41 includes a good conductor of metal.

[0038] In some embodiments, a good metallic conductor includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, iron, and alloys.

[0039] In some embodiments, the number n of heating layers is calculated using formula I: n=(Q×A×R) / U 2 ...I, where n is an integer; that is, when the result of formula I is a decimal, the value of n is automatically rounded up. For example, if the result of formula I is 1.1, then n=2. U is the supply voltage in V, and Q is the power density in W / m³. 2 A represents the area of ​​the heating zone, in meters (m²). 2 R is the resistance of a single heating layer, measured in Ω.

[0040] In some embodiments, the heating layer 3 may be in the form of at least one of fabric, chopped strand mat, nonwoven fabric, coating, film, or filament.

[0041] In some embodiments, the material of the heating layer 3 includes at least one of carbon powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon cloth, carbon-glass hybrid material, and good metallic conductor.

[0042] In some embodiments, adhesive material is filled between the first protective layer 11 and the heating layer 3 closest to the first protective layer 11, between the second protective layer 12 and the heating layer 3 closest to the second protective layer 12, and between two adjacent heating layers 3, forming an adhesive material layer 2. The surface or interior of the adhesive material layer 2 is filled with resin powder 6. If the resin powder is not applied, incomplete filling may lead to delamination.

[0043] The first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, and the adhesive material layer are all sewn together with sewing thread 5.

[0044] In some embodiments, the adhesive material is in the form of at least one of powder, film, glue, and tape.

[0045] In some embodiments, the adhesive material includes a polymer compound.

[0046] In some embodiments, the polymeric compound includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins.

[0047] In some embodiments, the thermosetting resin includes at least one of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, vinyl resin, silicone resin, modified silane resin, cycloolefin resin, acrylic resin, bismaleimide resin, allyl resin, furan resin, amino resin, and alkyd resin; the thermoplastic resin includes at least one of polyolefin resin, polycyclic olefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylic acid resin, polyacrylate resin, polyamide resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polyetheramide resin, polyether ester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyoxymethylene resin, polyester resin, polyether resin, fluororesin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyimide resin, polysulfone resin, polyketone resin, polyphenylene ester resin, modified resin, or polymer alloy.

[0048] In some embodiments, both the first protective layer and the second protective layer comprise at least one of fiberglass cloth, polyimide film, polypropylene fiber film, natural fiber film, and resin-modified fiber cloth.

[0049] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing an anti-icing heating system as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: The first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, the self-limiting temperature electrode, the adhesive material, and the resin powder are prepared according to the size of the anti-icing zone of the wind turbine blades. According to the structure of the anti-icing heating system, the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, the self-limiting electrode, the adhesive material and the resin powder are laid up and assembled, and then compacted to form a stack; The layers are sewn together to obtain the anti-icing heating system.

[0050] In some embodiments, during the sewing process, the sewing threads are distributed at preset positions along the length and width of the anti-icing heating system, and the sewing thread density at the edge of the self-limiting electrode is higher than that in other areas.

[0051] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a wind turbine blade, including an anti-icing heating system as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0052] Example 1 This embodiment provides an anti-icing heating system in which U=690V and Q=1000W / m 2 A=24m 2R = 16.7Ω, and the result calculated using formula I is approximately 0.84, therefore, n = 1.

[0053] The structure of the anti-icing heating system is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes a first protective layer 11 and a second protective layer 12. A heating layer 3 is provided between the first protective layer 11 and the second protective layer 12. Two self-limiting temperature electrodes (as shown in the figure) are provided between the heating layer 3 and the first protective layer 11 or the second protective layer 12. Figure 4 a and Figure 4 As shown in Figure b), these two self-regulating electrodes are respectively disposed at both ends of the heating layer 3 along its length. Each self-regulating electrode extends along the width of the heating layer 3. Each self-regulating electrode includes a conductive layer 41 and a self-regulating layer 42. The self-regulating layer 42 is disposed between the conductive layer 41 and the heating layer 3, and they are electrically connected in series in the order of conductive layer-self-regulating layer-heating layer. In the self-regulating electrode, the conductive layer 41 extends beyond the heating layer 3. Resin powder and adhesive material are filled between the heating layer and the first protective layer, or between the heating layer and the second protective layer.

[0054] In this embodiment, both the first and second protective layers are made of fiberglass cloth; the heating layer is made of carbon fiber surface felt, which has a faster electrothermal response rate and a higher heating temperature; the conductive layer is made of copper wire; the self-regulating layer is made of PTC heating material containing carbon powder; the copper wire and the PTC heating material containing carbon powder are made into a flexible laminated structure to form a self-regulating electrode, ensuring that the electrode will not break or open circuit due to deformation during blade operation; the adhesive is epoxy resin glue.

[0055] The manufacturing method of the anti-icing heating system in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Prepare materials for the first protective layer, second protective layer, heating layer, self-limiting electrode, adhesive material and resin powder according to the size of the anti-icing zone of the wind turbine blades; S2. A heating layer is laid between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Before laying the heating layer, a layer of adhesive material and resin powder is sprinkled on each side, and a self-limiting temperature electrode is set at each end of the length direction of the heating layer. S3. Compact the layers to form a stack with a certain degree of adhesion between them. Place the stack on a sewing machine and sew it to achieve the overall sewing of the heating layer. During the sewing process, control the sewing thread density at the edge of the self-limiting electrode to be higher than the sewing thread density in other areas.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment provides an anti-icing heating system in which U=690V and Q=1500W / m 2 A=24m 2R = 16.7Ω, and the result calculated by formula I is approximately 1.26. Therefore, n = 2. At this point, the resistance is reduced to 1 / 2, and the heating effect is increased by 2 times.

[0057] The structure of the anti-icing heating system is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the structure includes a first protective layer 11 and a second protective layer 12. Two heating layers 3 are disposed between the first and second protective layers 11 and 12, and two self-regulating electrodes are disposed between the two heating layers 3. These two self-regulating electrodes are respectively disposed at both ends of the heating layer 3 along its length. Each self-regulating electrode extends along the width of the heating layer. Each self-regulating electrode includes a conductive layer 41 and a self-regulating layer 42. The conductive layers 41 are disposed at intervals on the outer side of the ends of the heating layers 3, and the self-regulating layers 42 cover the intervals between the conductive layers 41 and the heating layers 3, forming an electrical series connection in the order of conductive layer-self-regulating layer-heating layer. In the self-regulating electrode, the conductive layer extends beyond the heating layer. Resin powder and adhesive material are filled between the first protective layer and a heating layer adjacent to the first protective layer, between the second protective layer and a heating layer adjacent to the second protective layer, and between the two heating layers.

[0058] In this embodiment, both the first and second protective layers are made of fiberglass cloth; the heating layer is made of carbon fiber surface felt, which has a faster electrothermal response rate and a higher heating temperature; the conductive layer is made of copper wire, and the self-regulating layer is made of a composite material containing carbon powder. The copper wire and the composite material containing carbon powder are made into a flexible laminate structure to form a self-regulating electrode, ensuring that the electrode will not break or open circuit due to deformation during blade operation; the adhesive material is epoxy resin glue.

[0059] The manufacturing method of the anti-icing heating system in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Prepare materials for the first protective layer, second protective layer, heating layer, self-limiting electrode, adhesive material and resin powder according to the size of the anti-icing zone of the wind turbine blades; S2. A first heating layer is laid between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Before laying the heating layer, a layer of adhesive material and resin powder is sprinkled on each side. A self-limiting temperature electrode is set at each end of the heating layer along its length. Then, another layer of adhesive material and resin powder is sprinkled on the surface of the heating layer, and then the second heating layer is laid. S3. Compact the layers to form a layered structure with a certain degree of adhesion. Place the layered structure on a sewing machine and sew it according to the predetermined position and the requirements of the reinforcing layer to achieve the overall sewing of the heating layer.

[0060] Example 3 This embodiment provides an anti-icing heating system in which U=690V and Q=2500W / m 2 A=24m 2R = 16.7Ω, and the result calculated using Formula I is approximately 2.10, therefore, n = 3.

[0061] The structure of the anti-icing heating system is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the system includes a first protective layer 11 and a second protective layer 12. Three heating layers 3 are disposed between the first and second protective layers 11 and 12. A set of self-regulating electrodes is disposed between each pair of adjacent heating layers 3. Each set of self-regulating electrodes contains two self-regulating electrodes. The arrangement of each set of self-regulating electrodes is the same as in Embodiment 2. Each self-regulating electrode includes a conductive layer 41 and a self-regulating layer 42. The conductive layer 41 is disposed at intervals on the outer side of the end of the heating layer 3. The self-regulating layer 42 covers the interval between the conductive layer 41 and the heating layer 3, forming an electrical series connection in the order of conductive layer-self-regulating layer-heating layer. In one set of self-regulating electrodes, the conductive layer extends beyond the heating layer. Resin powder and adhesive material are filled between the first protective layer and the heating layer closest to the first protective layer, between the second protective layer and the heating layer closest to the second protective layer, and between adjacent heating layers.

[0062] In this embodiment, both the first and second protective layers are made of fiberglass cloth; the heating layer is made of carbon fiber surface felt, which has a faster electrothermal response rate and a higher heating temperature; the conductive layer is made of copper wire, and the self-regulating layer is made of a composite material containing carbon powder. The copper wire and the composite material containing carbon powder are made into a flexible laminate structure to form a self-regulating electrode, ensuring that the electrode will not break or open circuit due to deformation during blade operation; the adhesive material is epoxy resin glue.

[0063] The manufacturing method of the anti-icing heating system in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Prepare materials for the first protective layer, second protective layer, heating layer, self-limiting electrode, adhesive material and resin powder according to the size of the anti-icing zone of the wind turbine blades; S2. Lay a first heating layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Before laying the first heating layer, first sprinkle a layer of adhesive material and resin powder, and set a self-limiting temperature electrode at each end of the length direction of the first heating layer. Then sprinkle a layer of adhesive material and resin powder on the surface of the first heating layer, then lay the second heating layer. Set a self-limiting temperature electrode at each end of the length direction of the second heating layer, then sprinkle a layer of adhesive material and resin powder on the surface of the second heating layer, and then lay the third heating layer. S3. Compact the layers to form a layered structure with a certain degree of adhesion. Place the layered structure on a sewing machine and sew it according to the predetermined position and the requirements of the reinforcing layer to achieve the overall sewing of the heating layer.

[0064] The working principle of the anti-icing heating system in this application is as follows: like Figure 7As shown, the anti-icing heating system is attached to the leading edge A of the blade and connected to a power source. When ice forms on the leading edge surface, a rated voltage is applied to the anti-icing heating system. According to Joule's law, the heating layer begins to heat up. Depending on the icing conditions, the temperature of the heating layer is controlled between 30℃ and 80℃. When the ice on the leading edge melts, the surface temperature of the heating layer further increases under the rated voltage. When the temperature reaches the first temperature, the resistance of the self-limiting material rises to more than two orders of magnitude above the resistance of the heating layer material, or the contacts open when the temperature reaches the first temperature. The voltage across the heating layer immediately decreases, or the heating layer disconnects its electrical connection, causing the temperature to gradually decrease. When the temperature drops to the second temperature, the resistance of the self-limiting material decreases, or the contacts close, and the heating layer returns to its on state and begins heating again. Under some conditions, the first temperature is 30℃, and the second temperature is 25℃. In automatic on / off mode, the heating layer temperature can be controlled to remain stable within a specific range of 30℃ to 80℃ as needed for anti-icing, with temperature fluctuations not exceeding 5℃.

[0065] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-icing heating system, characterized in that, include: First protective layer and second protective layer, At least one heating layer; At least one set of self-limiting temperature electrodes; The heating layer is one layer, the number of self-limiting electrodes is one group, the heating layer is disposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the self-limiting electrodes are disposed between the heating layer and the first protective layer or the second protective layer. Alternatively, the heating layer may have two or more layers, with the heating layer disposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the self-limiting temperature electrode disposed between two adjacent heating layers; The self-limiting temperature electrode extends along the width direction of the heating layer.

2. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-regulating electrode includes a conductive layer and a self-regulating layer. The self-regulating layer is disposed on the heating layer, and the conductive layer is disposed on the self-regulating layer. Alternatively, the conductive layer is disposed at intervals on the outer side of the end of the heating layer, and the self-regulating layer covers the interval between the conductive layer and the heating layer. In at least one group of the self-regulating electrodes, the conductive layer extends beyond the heating layer.

3. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material of the self-regulating layer includes at least one of the following: thermistor ceramics, shape memory alloys, bimetallic springs, and carbon-containing composite materials.

4. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive layer can be in the form of at least one of mesh, ribbon, woven tape, foil, and plating.

5. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The material of the conductive layer includes metals, which are good conductors.

6. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The good metallic conductor includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, iron, and alloys.

7. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of heating layers, n, is calculated using formula I: n=(Q×A×R) / U 2 ...I, where n is an integer, U is the supply voltage, Q is the power density, A is the area of ​​the heating zone, and R is the resistance of a single heating layer.

8. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The heating layer can be made of at least one of the following: fabric, chopped strand mat, nonwoven fabric, coating, film, or filament.

9. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heating layer is made of at least one of the following materials: carbon powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon cloth, carbon-glass composite material, and a good conductor of metal.

10. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Resin powder and adhesive material are filled between the first protective layer and the heating layer closest to the first protective layer, between the second protective layer and the heating layer closest to the second protective layer, and between two adjacent heating layers.

11. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The adhesive material is in the form of at least one of powder, film, glue, and tape.

12. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The adhesive material includes a polymer compound.

13. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The polymeric compound includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins.

14. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The thermosetting resin includes at least one of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, vinyl resin, silicone resin, modified silane resin, cycloolefin resin, acrylic resin, bismaleimide resin, allyl resin, furan resin, amino resin, and alkyd resin; the thermoplastic resin includes at least one of polyolefin resin, polycyclic olefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylic acid resin, polyacrylate resin, polyamide resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polyetheramide resin, polyether ester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyoxymethylene resin, polyester resin, polyether resin, fluororesin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyimide resin, polysulfone resin, polyketone resin, polyphenylene ester resin, modified resin, or polymer alloy.

15. The anti-icing heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first protective layer and the second protective layer include at least one of fiberglass cloth, polyimide film, polypropylene fiber film, natural fiber film, and resin-modified fiber cloth.

16. A method for manufacturing an anti-icing heating system as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, include: Prepare materials for the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, the self-limiting electrode, the adhesive material, and the resin powder according to the size of the anti-icing zone of the wind turbine blades; According to the structure of the anti-icing heating system, the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the heating layer, the self-limiting temperature electrode, the adhesive material and the resin powder are laid up and assembled, and then compacted to form a stack; The layers are sewn together to obtain the anti-icing heating system.

17. The method for manufacturing the anti-icing heating system according to claim 16, characterized in that, During the sewing process, the sewing thread is distributed in a preset position along the length and width of the anti-icing heating system, and the sewing thread density at the edge of the self-limiting temperature electrode is higher than that in other areas.

18. A wind turbine blade, characterized in that, It includes the anti-icing heating system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, or the anti-icing heating system obtained by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 16 to 17.

Images