A progressive self-adjusting bearing bush and bearing

Abstract

This invention discloses a progressive self-adjusting bearing bush and bearing, belonging to the technical field of bearing components. The bearing bush has an internal heat dissipation channel containing multiple Tesla valve units. Each unit has a direct current flow channel, a vortex flow channel, and a confluence cavity, within which a self-adjusting mechanism is installed. The self-adjusting mechanism consists of an elastic valve plate and a damping assembly. The two ends of the elastic valve plate are connected to the upstream and downstream Tesla valve flow channels, forming an angle. The damping assembly, located within the angle, includes a damping cavity, a piston, and a support. The damping cavity has damping orifices with diameters increasing axially along the piston. A spring is also provided within the angle. This invention, through its self-adjusting mechanism, can precisely adapt to the oil pressure at different positions within the Tesla valve, solving the problem of uneven pressure. The damping orifice enables progressive adjustment, and the spring assists in reset, combining heat dissipation and pressure regulation functions. The progressive self-adjusting bearing, including the aforementioned bearing bush, ensures stable operation of equipment under harsh conditions and reduces maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of bearing components, and relates to a progressive self-adjusting bearing bush and bearing. Background Technology

[0002] As a key core component of steam turbine equipment, sliding bearings possess significant advantages such as high load-bearing capacity, stable operation, and excellent vibration absorption performance. However, as modern mechanical equipment continues to evolve towards higher speeds, higher power, and higher automation, the working environment of sliding bearings is becoming increasingly harsh, which places more stringent requirements on their heat dissipation performance.

[0003] The existing patent technology CN119042239A addresses the problem of poor heat dissipation in bearings by using a Tesla valve. However, due to the structural characteristics of the Tesla valve itself, the lubricating oil flows faster and faster within the valve, resulting in greater pressure on the internal pipelines. This leads to uneven pressure at different locations within the pipelines, causing safety issues. Although the existing patent technology CN119042239A uses damping for adjustment, it cannot reduce the pressure at different locations within the Tesla valve pipelines, ultimately resulting in uneven oil pressure within the Tesla valve pipelines and causing safety problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bearing capable of self-adjusting the oil pressure in the pipeline at different positions within a Tesla valve, thereby solving the safety problem caused by uneven pressure within the Tesla valve due to different oil pressures at different positions in the pipeline.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a progressive self-adjusting bearing bush with an internal heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation channel includes multiple Tesla valve units, each of which includes a direct current channel and a vortex channel. A confluence cavity is provided at the end of the vortex channel intersecting with the direct current channel. A self-adjusting mechanism is provided within the confluence cavity. The self-adjusting mechanism includes an elastic valve plate and a damping assembly. One end of the elastic valve plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vortex channel of the upstream Tesla valve, and the other end of the elastic valve plate is slidably connected to the outer wall of the direct current channel of the downstream Tesla valve. The elastic valve plate has two ends forming an angled structure, and the damping assembly is connected to both ends of the elastic valve plate and located within the angled structure. The damping assembly includes a damping cavity, a piston, and a support. The head of the piston is located inside the damping cavity, and the side of the piston head abuts against the inner wall of the damping cavity. The rod of the piston is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate. One end of the support is fixedly connected to the damping cavity, and the other end of the support is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate. The damping cavity has multiple damping holes of different diameters.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat dissipation channel includes a primary heat dissipation area, a secondary heat dissipation area, and a tertiary heat dissipation area. In the primary heat dissipation area, any one of the Tesla valve units is connected in series. In the secondary heat dissipation area and the tertiary heat dissipation area, there are multiple Tesla valve units. The tail end of the vortex flow channel of any primary Tesla valve unit is provided with a bifurcation section, and the bifurcation section is connected to the direct flow channel of the secondary Tesla valve unit.

[0007] Furthermore, in the secondary heat dissipation zone, the tail end of the vortex flow channel of any one Tesla valve unit is provided with one bifurcation segment, and in the tertiary heat dissipation zone, the tail end of the vortex flow channel of any one Tesla valve unit is provided with two bifurcation segments.

[0008] Furthermore, the diameter of the damping orifice increases from top to bottom along the axial direction of the piston.

[0009] Furthermore, when the included angle of the aforementioned progressive self-adjusting bearing is at its maximum, the head is located at the top of the damping cavity; when the included angle is at its minimum, the head is located at the bottom of the damping cavity; when the included angle is between the maximum and minimum, the middle and lower parts of the aforementioned progressive self-adjusting bearing are in a mating state.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned self-adjusting bearing also includes a spring, which is located within the included angle. One end of the spring is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate, and the other end of the spring is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned progressive self-adjusting bearing also includes a spring, which is located within the included angle. One end of the spring is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate, and the other end of the spring is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate.

[0012] Furthermore, when the aforementioned included angle is at its maximum, the spring is in a naturally straightened state.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the head is smaller than the contact area between the elastic valve plate and the oil.

[0014] Furthermore, the forces acting on the piston described above satisfy Equation I: P1·S1=[P1+ ]·S2 Ⅰ In Equation I, P1 is the pressure of the oil in the Tesla valve unit, S1 is the contact area between the elastic valve plate and the oil, P is the density of the oil, Q is the total flow rate of the oil through the unobstructed damping orifice, and Cd is the flow coefficient. A S1 is the total area of ​​the unobstructed damping holes, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the head.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention also provides a progressive self-adjusting bearing, including the aforementioned progressive self-adjusting bearing bush.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Precisely solves the problem of uneven oil pressure in Tesla valve pipelines, improving operational safety: By setting a self-adjusting mechanism consisting of an elastic valve plate and a damping component in the manifold, the two ends of the elastic valve plate are connected to the upstream and downstream Tesla valve flow channels respectively, and the damping component is adapted to the included angle structure of the elastic valve plate, which can specifically adjust the oil pressure at different pipeline positions in the Tesla valve; combined with the design of damping orifices of different diameters on the damping cavity, the corresponding damping orifice can be matched according to the actual oil pressure requirements, effectively alleviating the safety hazards caused by uneven pressure in the Tesla valve pipeline in the existing technology.

[0017] 2. Due to the converging oil wedge formed in the bearing bush, the bearing load gradually increases along the oil flow direction within the bush. At this time, the Babbitt alloy in the bush bears a greater load and generates more heat, directly affecting the lifespan of the alloy layer. Therefore, the design incorporates a larger flow area in the headphone heat dissipation area and the third-stage heat dissipation area to remove more heat, corresponding to the actual operating conditions of the bearing. Less heat generation – fewer flow channels – smaller heat exchange area; more heat generation – more flow channels – larger heat exchange area.

[0018] 3. Achieve gradual oil pressure regulation and ensure smooth regulation: The diameter of the damping orifice increases from top to bottom along the piston axis, and the position of the piston head changes with the size of the elastic valve plate angle (the head is at the top of the damping chamber when the angle is maximum, and at the bottom when the angle is minimum), so that the oil pressure regulation process is gradual, avoiding the impact of sudden pressure changes on the Tesla valve pipeline, and further improving the smoothness of the bearing operation.

[0019] 4. Assisting the self-adjusting mechanism to reset and enhance adjustment reliability: By setting a spring inside the included angle of the elastic valve plate, with the two ends of the spring connected to the fixed end and the sliding end of the elastic valve plate respectively, and the spring is in a naturally straight state when the included angle is at its maximum; when the oil pressure changes and causes the included angle of the elastic valve plate to change, the spring can assist the elastic valve plate to reset with its own elastic force, ensuring that the self-adjusting mechanism can always accurately respond to changes in oil pressure, and improving the reliability and service life of the adjustment mechanism.

[0020] 5. Ensure force balance during self-adjustment and improve adjustment accuracy: The piston force follows a specific formula (P1・S1=[P1+ [S1](P1 is the hydraulic pressure, S1 is the contact area between the elastic valve plate and the hydraulic fluid, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston head, which is smaller than the contact area between the elastic valve plate and the hydraulic fluid. This force balance design can accurately control the movement state of the piston, avoid over-adjustment or under-adjustment, ensure that the hydraulic pressure is always stable within a reasonable range, and improve the accuracy of self-adjustment.

[0021] 6. Balancing heat dissipation performance and pressure regulation to meet harsh working conditions: The internal heat dissipation channel of the bearing retains multiple Tesla valve units, inheriting the excellent heat dissipation capacity of Tesla valves, which can cope with the heat dissipation pressure brought by high-speed and high-power equipment; at the same time, the oil pressure problem of Tesla valves is solved through a self-adjusting mechanism, so that the bearing can adapt to more severe working environments while having strong heat dissipation performance, thus expanding the applicable scenarios.

[0022] 7. Improve overall bearing performance and ensure stable equipment operation: Progressive self-adjusting bearings include the aforementioned self-adjusting bearing bushes, which can directly inherit the advantages of bearing bushes in oil pressure regulation, heat dissipation and operational stability, reduce equipment failures caused by bearing problems, ensure the long-term stable operation of key equipment such as steam turbines, and reduce equipment maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein: Figure 1This is a physical image of the bearing in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the valve plate in its natural state when the oil pressure is low, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the valve plate with moderate expansion when the oil pressure is at a medium level, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the valve plate being almost fully deployed when the oil pressure is relatively high in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 As described in the embodiments of the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a damping cross-sectional view of the valve plate in its natural state when the oil pressure is low, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a damping cross-sectional view of the valve plate with moderate expansion when the oil pressure is at a moderate level in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a damping cross-sectional view of the valve plate when the oil pressure is relatively high in an embodiment of the present invention, and the valve plate is almost fully deployed. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the heat dissipation zones at each level of the bearing in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the Tesla valve structure corresponding to each heat dissipation zone of the bearing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1-Heat dissipation channel, 2-Tesla valve unit, 201-Direct flow channel, 202-Vortex flow channel, 203-Merge cavity, 3-Outer wall of direct flow channel, 4-Damping assembly, 401-Rod of piston, 402-Support part, 403-Damping cavity, 404-Head of piston, 405-Damping hole, 5-Spring, 6-Elastic valve plate, 7-Primary heat dissipation zone, 8-Secondary heat dissipation zone, 9-Tertiary heat dissipation zone, 10-Bifurcation segment. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0027] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0028] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a progressive self-adjusting bearing bush, which is suitable for sliding bearings of mechanical equipment such as steam turbines, and belongs to the technical field of bearing components.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-8 The progressive self-adjusting bearing has a heat dissipation channel 1 inside. The heat dissipation channel 1 is arranged along the axis of the bearing and runs through both ends of the bearing to allow lubricating oil to circulate, thereby achieving heat dissipation and lubrication functions. Multiple Tesla valve units 2 are connected in series in the heat dissipation channel 1. Adjacent Tesla valve units 2 are coaxially connected and sealed at the connection point to prevent lubricating oil leakage.

[0031] The single-sided Tesla valve unit 2 includes a direct flow channel 201 and a vortex flow channel 202. The direct flow channel 201 is a straight channel, and the vortex flow channel 202 is a curved structure. The two intersect at a preset angle, and the intersection position adopts a smooth transition design to reduce the flow resistance of lubricating oil. A confluence cavity 203 is provided at the end of the vortex flow channel 202 that intersects with the direct flow channel 201. The two ends of the confluence cavity 203 smoothly transition to the outlet of the vortex flow channel 202 and the inlet of the direct flow channel 201, respectively, to avoid the formation of dead zones in the flow of lubricating oil.

[0032] A self-adjusting mechanism is provided inside the manifold 203. The self-adjusting mechanism includes an elastic valve plate 6 and a damping component 4. One end of the elastic valve plate 6 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vortex flow channel 202 of the upstream Tesla valve unit 2, and the other end of the elastic valve plate 6 is slidably connected to the outer wall 3 of the direct flow channel of the downstream Tesla valve unit 2. The two ends of the elastic valve plate 6 form an included angle structure. The damping component 4 is connected to the two ends of the elastic valve plate 6 respectively and is located within the included angle structure.

[0033] Reference Figures 5-8 In this embodiment, the damping assembly 4 includes a damping cavity 403, a piston, and a support portion 402. The piston is composed of a head 404 and a rod portion 401. The head 404 of the piston is located inside the damping cavity 403. The side of the head 404 of the piston abuts against the inner wall of the damping cavity 403 to achieve a seal and a sliding fit, thereby preventing lubricating oil from leaking from the fit gap.

[0034] The piston rod 401 is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate 6. The connection method ensures the structural stability and allows it to move synchronously with the deformation of the elastic valve plate 6. One end of the support 402 is fixedly connected to the damping cavity 403, and the other end is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate 6, ensuring that the damping cavity 403 can synchronously and adaptively adjust its position when the elastic valve plate 6 deforms.

[0035] The damping cavity 403 has multiple damping holes 405 of different diameters, which are distributed along the axial direction of the piston to achieve damping adjustment through lubricating oil. Furthermore, the diameter of the damping holes 405 increases from top to bottom along the axial direction of the piston, so that the lubricating oil flow area can be gradually adjusted as the piston position changes.

[0036] Reference Figures 2-4 In this embodiment, the elastic valve plate 6 is made of a metal material with excellent elastic recovery properties, and its size is adapted to the manifold 203 to ensure good contact with the inner wall of the manifold 203. The fixed end of the elastic valve plate 6 is fixed to the inner wall of the vortex channel 202 by welding, and the sliding end is provided with a slider structure, which is embedded in the groove opened in the outer wall 3 of the direct flow channel to achieve sliding connection and good sealing.

[0037] Furthermore, the self-adjusting mechanism also includes a spring 5, which is located within the included angle of the elastic valve plate 6. One end of the spring 5 is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate 6, and the other end is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate 6. When the included angle of the elastic valve plate 6 is at its maximum, the spring 5 is in a naturally straight state; when the elastic valve plate 6 is deformed by the pressure of lubricating oil and the included angle decreases, the spring 5 is compressed and generates an elastic restoring force.

[0038] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston head 404 is smaller than the contact area between the elastic valve plate 6 and the oil, ensuring that the force exerted by the lubricating oil on the elastic valve plate 6 can effectively drive the deformation of the elastic valve plate 6. The force on the piston satisfies Equation I: P1·S1=[P1+ In Equation I, P1 is the pressure of the oil in the Tesla valve unit 2, S1 is the contact area between the elastic valve plate 6 and the oil, ρ is the density of the oil, Q is the total flow rate of the oil through the unobstructed damping orifice 405, Cd is the flow coefficient, A is the total area of ​​the unobstructed damping orifice 405, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston head 404.

[0039] Formula I precisely matches the working process of the self-adjusting mechanism. When the lubricating oil pressure increases, P1 increases, causing the force on the left side to increase, pushing the elastic valve plate to deform and the piston to move downward. At this time, the number of unblocked damping orifices increases, and A increases. When the oil pressure decreases, the total force on the right side is adjusted accordingly until balance is restored, preventing excessive piston movement. When the oil pressure decreases, the force on the left side decreases, the elastic restoring force of the spring pushes the elastic valve plate to reset, the piston moves upward, and A decreases, causing the force on the right side to decrease synchronously, maintaining a balanced state.

[0040] Equation I provides a theoretical basis for the parameter design of the self-adjusting mechanism, ensuring precise matching between the deformation amplitude of the elastic valve plate and the changes in lubricating oil pressure. The formula clarifies the matching relationship of parameters for each component, such as determining the appropriate ratio of S1 to S2, avoiding adjustment lag or over-adjustment due to force imbalance, and ensuring that the oil pressure within the Tesla valve unit remains stable within a reasonable range, achieving precise and stable pressure regulation. Reference Figures 2-4 and Figures 6-8 When the included angle of the elastic valve plate 6 is at its maximum, the piston head 404 is located at the top of the damping cavity 403, and only the damping hole 405 with a small diameter at the top is open; when the included angle of the elastic valve plate 6 is at its minimum, the piston head 404 is located at the bottom of the damping cavity 403, and all damping holes 405 are open; when the included angle is between the maximum and minimum, the middle part and the lower part of the progressive self-adjusting bearing are in a fully engaged state, corresponding to the open damping holes 405.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment uses a graded heat dissipation zone, and the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0042] Reference Figure 9-10 The specific layout of heat dissipation channel 1 in this embodiment is as follows: In the primary heat dissipation zone 7, all Tesla valve units 2 are connected in series, and lubricating oil flows through each unit sequentially. In the secondary heat dissipation zone 8, at least one branching structure is provided. That is, a branching section 10 is provided at the tail of the vortex flow channel 202 of the previous stage Tesla valve unit 2. This branching section 10 is connected to the direct flow channel 201 of a secondary Tesla valve unit 2, thus forming a "one-to-two" flow channel structure, increasing the heat exchange area.

[0043] In the three-stage heat dissipation zone 9, the tail of the vortex flow channel 202 of the upper-stage Tesla valve unit 2 is provided with two bifurcated sections 10, which are respectively connected to the direct flow channels 201 of the two secondary Tesla valve units 2, forming a "one-to-three" flow channel structure, in order to correspond to the larger heat generation at the end of the bearing bearing area, and to remove more heat through the larger total area of ​​the inner flow channel.

[0044] Implementation Principles (I) Working process of self-adjusting bearing When the bearing is working, the lubricating oil circulates in the heat dissipation channel 1. When it flows through the Tesla valve unit 2, it achieves efficient heat dissipation through the structural characteristics of the Tesla valve. On the other hand, the lubricating oil exerts pressure on the elastic valve plate 6.

[0045] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 6 When the lubricating oil pressure is low, the included angle of the elastic valve plate 6 remains at its maximum, the spring 5 is in a naturally extended state, the piston head 404 is located at the top of the damping cavity 403, only the damping hole 405 with a small diameter at the top is open, the damping force is large, the lubricating oil flow rate is limited, and insufficient lubrication under low pressure is avoided, while ensuring uniform pressure in the heat dissipation channel 1.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 7 When the lubricating oil pressure is at a medium level, the force exerted by the lubricating oil on the elastic valve plate 6 increases, causing the elastic valve plate 6 to deform and the included angle to decrease. The spring 5 is compressed, generating an elastic restoring force. The piston head 404 moves downward as the elastic valve plate 6 deforms, opening the medium-diameter damping orifice 405 in the open portion. The flow area increases, the damping force decreases, and the lubricating oil flow rate increases accordingly, adapting to the increased pressure requirements. At this time, the pressure distribution within the heat dissipation channel 1 remains uniform.

[0047] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 8When the lubricating oil pressure is high, the force exerted by the lubricating oil on the elastic valve plate 6 reaches its maximum value, the included angle of the elastic valve plate 6 decreases to its minimum, and the elastic restoring force of the spring 5 also reaches its maximum. The piston head 404 is located at the bottom of the damping chamber 403, all damping holes 405 are fully open, the flow area is maximized, the damping force is minimized, the lubricating oil flow reaches its maximum, the high pressure is fully released, and fatigue damage to the pipeline of the Tesla valve unit 2 due to excessive pressure is avoided, while maintaining good heat dissipation efficiency.

[0048] When the lubricating oil pressure decreases, the pressure on the elastic valve plate 6 decreases, the elastic restoring force of the spring 5 pushes the elastic valve plate 6 to reset, the included angle gradually increases, the piston head 404 moves upward, the number of opening damping holes 405 gradually decreases, the damping force gradually increases, and it returns to the state suitable for low pressure.

[0049] Throughout the entire operation, the force on the piston always follows the balance relationship of Equation I, ensuring that the deformation amplitude of the elastic valve plate 6 is precisely matched with the lubricating oil pressure, avoiding over-adjustment or under-adjustment, and keeping the oil pressure at each position in the Tesla valve unit 2 uniform.

[0050] (II) Working process of progressive self-adjusting bearing After the progressive self-adjusting bearing is assembled into the bearing housing, it is connected to the lubrication system. When the equipment is started, the lubricating oil enters the heat dissipation channel 1 of the bearing under the drive of the oil pump, and flows through each Tesla valve unit 2 in sequence.

[0051] Under the action of the self-adjusting mechanism, the pressure of the lubricating oil is precisely adjusted to ensure that the oil pressure is uniform in each pipeline position in the Tesla valve unit 2. At the same time, the lubricating oil achieves efficient heat dissipation through the Tesla valve unit 2 during the flow process, carrying away the heat generated when the bearing is working.

[0052] During bearing operation, the self-adjusting mechanism continuously responds to changes in lubricating oil pressure. Through the deformation of the elastic valve plate 6 and the reset action of the spring 5, combined with the progressive damping adjustment of the damping component 4, the lubricating oil pressure is kept stable within a reasonable range, ensuring smooth bearing operation.

[0053] Beneficial effects of Example 1: The progressive self-adjusting bearing and bushing of this embodiment, by setting a self-adjusting mechanism in the manifold 203, achieves precise adjustment of oil pressure at different pipeline positions within the Tesla valve unit 2, effectively solving the safety problem caused by uneven pressure within the Tesla valve pipeline in the prior art; the design of the damping orifice 405 with its diameter increasing along the piston axis makes the oil pressure adjustment gradual, avoiding the impact of sudden pressure changes on the pipeline and improving the smoothness of bearing operation; the setting of spring 5 can assist the elastic valve plate 6 in resetting, ensuring that the self-adjusting mechanism can always accurately respond to oil pressure changes and improve adjustment reliability; the force balance design of the piston ensures adjustment accuracy and avoids over- or under-adjustment; at the same time, it retains the excellent heat dissipation performance of the Tesla valve unit 2, taking into account both heat dissipation and pressure regulation, and meeting the harsh operating conditions of high-speed, high-power equipment.

[0054] By assembling the aforementioned self-adjusting bearing bush, the progressive self-adjusting bearing inherits the advantages of bearing bush in oil pressure regulation, heat dissipation, and operational stability, reducing equipment failures caused by bearing problems, ensuring the long-term stable operation of key equipment such as steam turbines, and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0055] Beneficial effects of Example 2: This embodiment, based on load distribution and on-demand heat dissipation, effectively protects the Babbitt alloy layer sliding bearing. During operation, a converging oil wedge forms between the bearing bush and the journal. Along the lubricating oil flow direction, the oil film pressure and bearing load gradually increase, reaching a peak at the end of the load-bearing area. The Babbitt alloy layer in this area bears the most severe mechanical and thermal loads, with concentrated heat directly affecting the lifespan of the alloy layer. This invention rationally divides the heat dissipation channel 1 into a primary heat dissipation zone 7, a secondary heat dissipation zone 8, and a tertiary heat dissipation zone 9. In the primary heat dissipation zone 7 (corresponding to a light load, low heat generation area), only Tesla valve units 2 are connected in series, resulting in a relatively simple flow channel and a small heat exchange area. In the secondary heat dissipation zone 8, a bifurcation segment 10 is provided at the tail of the vortex flow channel 202 of each Tesla valve unit 2, achieving a "one-to-two" flow channel expansion. In the tertiary heat dissipation zone 9 (corresponding to a high load, high heat generation area), two bifurcation segments 10 are provided at the tail of the vortex flow channel 202, achieving a "one-to-three" flow channel multiplication. This structure allows the total flow area and heat exchange area of ​​the flow channels to increase progressively with the increase of heat generation, truly achieving "less heat generation means fewer flow channels and smaller heat exchange area, and more heat generation means more flow channels and larger heat exchange area". This precisely matches the cooling capacity to the heat concentration area, which can significantly reduce the peak temperature of the Babbitt alloy layer, delay thermal fatigue and creep damage, and extend the service life of the bearing.

[0056] The flow characteristics of the Tesla valve are used to enhance convective heat transfer efficiency: the basic unit of heat dissipation channel 1 is the Tesla valve unit 2. When the lubricating oil flows through the Tesla valve unit 2, part of it flows along the direct flow channel, while the other part enters the vortex flow channel 202, forming a strong vortex and turning back. The two fluids converge and impact at the confluence cavity, generating strong turbulence and boundary layer disturbance. This effect significantly improves the convective heat transfer coefficient between the lubricating oil and the flow channel wall, allowing heat to be carried away more efficiently. At the same time, the unidirectional acceleration characteristic of the Tesla valve can accelerate the local oil flow rate and shorten the residence time of the oil in the high-temperature region, further improving the heat carrying capacity of the lubricating oil per unit volume and achieving a better heat dissipation effect at the same flow rate.

[0057] The bifurcated flow channel achieves parallel expansion of heat dissipation area and heat load distribution: In the secondary heat dissipation zone 8 and the tertiary heat dissipation zone 9, a bifurcated section 10 is set at the tail of the upper-level vortex flow channel 202 and connected to the direct flow channel 201 of the secondary Tesla valve unit 2, expanding the originally single flow channel into multiple parallel secondary heat dissipation paths. This design has multiple effects: First, the parallel flow channels directly increase the total heat dissipation area, allowing the lubricating oil to exchange heat with a larger area of ​​the bearing substrate; second, the oil that needs to be cooled is reasonably distributed, avoiding local oversaturation or undersaturation, so that the oil in each flow channel in the high-load area can fully participate in heat exchange, eliminating the heat dissipation dead zones that may exist due to the single flow channel in traditional designs; third, the bifurcated structure can also balance the flow resistance in the flow channel, preventing the total flow rate from decreasing and the heat dissipation capacity from decreasing due to excessive local resistance.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A progressive self-adjusting bearing, characterized in that: The interior is provided with a heat dissipation channel (1), which includes multiple Tesla valve units (2). Each Tesla valve unit (2) includes a direct flow channel (201) and a vortex flow channel (202). A confluence cavity (203) is provided at the end of the vortex flow channel (202) that intersects with the direct flow channel (201). A self-adjusting mechanism is provided in the confluence cavity (203). The self-adjusting mechanism includes an elastic valve plate (6) and a damping component (4). One end of the elastic valve plate (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vortex flow channel (202) of the upstream Tesla valve. The other end of the elastic valve plate (6) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the direct flow channel (201) of the downstream Tesla valve. The two ends of the elastic valve plate (6) form an angle structure. The damping component (4) is connected to the two ends of the elastic valve plate (6) and is located in the angle structure. The damping assembly (4) includes a damping cavity (403), a piston, and a support (402). The head (404) of the piston is located inside the damping cavity (403). The side of the head (404) of the piston abuts against the inner wall of the damping cavity (403). The rod (401) of the piston is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate (6). One end of the support (402) is fixedly connected to the damping cavity (403), and the other end of the support (402) is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate (6). The damping cavity (403) is provided with multiple damping holes (405) of different diameters.

2. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation channel (1) includes a primary heat dissipation area (7), a secondary heat dissipation area (8) and a tertiary heat dissipation area (9). In the primary heat dissipation area (7), any one of the Tesla valve units (2) is connected in series. In the secondary heat dissipation area (8) and the tertiary heat dissipation area (9), there are multiple Tesla valve units (2). The tail of the vortex flow channel (202) of any one Tesla valve unit (2) is provided with a bifurcation section (10). The bifurcation section (10) is connected to the direct flow channel (201) of the secondary Tesla valve unit (2).

3. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the secondary heat dissipation zone (8), the tail of the vortex flow channel (202) of any one Tesla valve unit (2) is provided with a bifurcation segment (10), and in the tertiary heat dissipation zone (9), the tail of the vortex flow channel (202) of any one Tesla valve unit (2) is provided with two bifurcation segments (10).

4. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the damping orifice (405) increases from top to bottom along the axial direction of the piston.

5. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the included angle is at its maximum, the head is located at the top of the damping cavity (403); when the included angle is at its minimum, the head is located at the bottom of the damping cavity (403); when the included angle is between the maximum and minimum, the middle and lower parts of the aforementioned progressive self-adjusting bearing are in a coordinated state.

6. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a spring (5), which is located within the included angle. One end of the spring (5) is connected to the fixed end of the elastic valve plate (6), and the other end of the spring (5) is connected to the sliding end of the elastic valve plate (6).

7. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the included angle is at its maximum, the spring (5) is in a naturally straight state.

8. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the head is smaller than the contact area between the elastic valve plate (6) and the oil.

9. The progressive self-adjusting bearing bush according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The forces acting on the piston satisfy Equation I: P1·S1=[P1+ ]·S2] 1 In Formula I, P1 is the pressure of the oil in the Tesla valve unit (2), S1 is the contact area between the elastic valve plate (6) and the oil, is the density of the oil, is the total flow rate of the oil through the unblocked damping orifice (405), is the flow coefficient, A is the total area of ​​the unblocked damping orifice (405), and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the head.

10. A progressive self-adjusting bearing, characterized in that, Including the progressive self-adjusting bearing as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images