Medium high voltage power cable

Abstract

This invention discloses a medium- and high-voltage power cable, relating to the field of cable technology. It includes an outer layer assembly, circumferentially distributed core assemblies, and filler material located between the core assemblies and the outer layer assembly. It also includes a heat dissipation kit disposed between multiple core assemblies, the heat dissipation kit consisting of multiple V-shaped interlaced wings, the same number as the core assemblies. The heat dissipation kit of this invention is an embedded micro thermal management system integrating heat collection, internal conduction, active convection cooling, and dynamic disturbance enhancement. The alternating wide triangular region and narrow waist region naturally form a variable cross-section flow channel similar to a Venturi tube. The cooling medium flows faster and the pressure decreases in the waist region, enhancing the scouring effect on the core assembly wall. Conversely, the flow rate slows down and the pressure recovers in the triangular region, increasing the residence time and facilitating sufficient heat exchange. This periodic change requires no external energy input, passively improving heat exchange efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cable technology, and more specifically, relates to a medium- and high-voltage power cable. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, medium and high voltage power cables play a core role in power transmission in urban power grids, new energy power plants, and industrial power distribution systems. With the growth of electricity load and the increasing complexity of cable laying environments (such as direct burial and dense laying in pipe corridors), the thermal problems of cables during operation have become a key bottleneck restricting their current carrying capacity and service life.

[0003] Existing cables suffer from heat accumulation problems: Medium and high voltage cables typically use cross-linked polyethylene as the main insulation material, and their operating temperature is generally limited to 90℃ (long-term) or 130℃ (short-circuit transient). When a large current flows through the cable core (conductor), the generated Joule heat dissipates sequentially through the conductor shielding layer, insulation layer, insulation shielding layer, metal sheath, and outer sheath. However, the internal heat dissipation path of the cable has the following inherent defects:

[0004] 1. Low thermal conductivity defect: The main insulation layer, cross-linked polyethylene, and traditional filler layers (such as polypropylene mesh filler rope and low smoke halogen-free flame retardant filler) are all polymer materials with low thermal conductivity, which easily form obvious thermal resistance layers.

[0005] 2. Heat Accumulation Effect of Three-Core Structure: In three-core bundled medium and high voltage cables, the three cores are arranged in a triangular pattern. The central area (the gap between the three cores) has poor airflow and a long heat dissipation path, making it easy for heat to accumulate and form local hot spots. These hot spots accelerate the thermal and oxidative aging of the insulation material, and in severe cases, lead to thermal breakdown.

[0006] In existing technologies, attempts have been made to improve heat dissipation by incorporating water-cooling pipes. For example, Chinese invention patent application publication number CN108335789B discloses a water-cooled cable. This invention includes several conductors, each comprising, from the inside out, a cable core, an insulation layer, and a shielding layer. It also includes a fixing part, a water-cooling part, a waterproof layer, an insulation layer, and a resin outer sheath encased within the conductors. The fixing part includes a central reinforcing member and a fixing arm connected to the reinforcing member. A conductor is located at the end of the fixing arm furthest from the reinforcing member. The water-cooling part is located outside the fixing part and includes water-cooling pipes and a silicone-filled part, with the water-cooling pipes encased within the silicone-filled part. This invention possesses high flexibility, high wear resistance, and excellent cooling performance, enabling it to be used in harsh environments and exhibiting strong mechanical strength.

[0007] Although the above solution can solve the problem of cable core heating by setting up a water-cooling unit, the water-cooling unit is mainly set on the outside of the cable core, with poor contact with the cable core and low cooling efficiency.

[0008] Secondly, in some existing technologies, the cooling medium in ordinary hollow water-cooled pipes flows in a laminar state near the wall, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency; the medium flows quickly but at a low temperature in the central region, while the medium at the edge region is at a high temperature but flows slowly, which easily leads to thermal stratification and further weakens the heat dissipation effect. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a medium and high voltage power cable that can overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a medium- and high-voltage power cable, comprising an outer layer assembly, circumferentially distributed core assemblies, and a filler located between the core assemblies and the outer layer assembly, further comprising: a heat dissipation kit disposed between the multiple core assemblies, the heat dissipation kit being composed of multiple U-shaped interlacing wings of the same number as the core assemblies; wherein, the U-shaped interlacing wings are located between adjacent core assemblies, the U-shaped interlacing wings include a triangular area and a waist area, the waist areas of two adjacent U-shaped interlacing wings are connected, and a limiting groove is formed on the outside, the core assemblies are located in the limiting groove, and the U-shaped interlacing wings cover the outer surface of the core assemblies; a disturbance component, disposed in the heat dissipation kit, for disturbing the cooling medium in the heat dissipation kit.

[0011] Preferably, the outer layer component wraps around the core component and includes, from the outside in, an outer sheath, an armor layer, and an inner sheath. The core component includes, from the inside out, a conductor, an inner shielding layer, cross-linked polyethylene, an outer shielding layer, and a copper strip. The filler is located in the blank area between the inner sheath and the core component.

[0012] Preferably, the disturbance component includes a thickened area at the connection of multiple U-shaped interlaced wings, the thickened area forming a central region, an opening between two adjacent thickened areas, the opening communicating with the waist-cinching area, and a spiral guide groove formed on the inner wall of the central region.

[0013] Preferably, the disturbance component includes a baffle located in the heat dissipation kit. The baffle includes a central shaft and multiple wing plates connected to the central shaft. The multiple wing plates are respectively located in the triangular area and the waist area. Several flow holes are opened on the wing plates.

[0014] Furthermore, a horizontal plate is provided at one end of the wing plate away from the central axis, and T-shaped plates are symmetrically connected to the horizontal plate. The T-shaped plates are attached to the inner wall of the horizontal area of ​​the triangular region. Several perforations are opened on both sides of the wing plate.

[0015] Preferably, several interference flow blocks are fixedly connected to the wing plate.

[0016] Preferably, a gradient spoiler is fixedly connected to the wing near the horizontal plate. The gradient spoiler extends from the triangular area into the waist area, and the gradient spoiler near the horizontal plate is longer than the gradient spoiler away from the horizontal plate.

[0017] Preferably, the disturbance component includes a plurality of expansion shields spaced apart on the transverse region of the triangular area. The expansion shields are convex on the transverse region and are in communication with the triangular area. When the heat dissipation kit is filled with cooling medium to expand the expansion shields, the transverse plate separates from the transverse region of the triangular area, the disturbance component moves downward under its own gravity, and the wing plate on the disturbance component contacts the opening side, thus disrupting the path of the cooling medium flowing into the central region within the waist-shaped area.

[0018] Preferably, the disturbance component includes a heat-conducting block disposed on the limiting groove, one end of the heat-conducting block extending into the heat dissipation kit and in contact with the cooling medium, and the other end of the heat-conducting block in contact with the copper strip on the wire core assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the disturbance component includes a bladder disposed on the limiting groove, one end of the bladder protruding into the heat dissipation kit, and the other end of the bladder extending outward from the heat dissipation kit. The bladder stores thermally conductive silicone grease. When the core assembly contacts and is squeezed against the bladder, the thermally conductive silicone grease is squeezed out from the holes on the surface of the bladder and fills the space between the copper strips of the heat dissipation kit and the core assembly. When the expansion cover expands due to the pressure of the injected cooling medium, the corner on the triangular area is subjected to force and tightly adheres to the core assembly, sealing the two ends of the contact between the heat dissipation kit and the core assembly.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] 1. The medium- and high-voltage power cable features a heat dissipation kit that is an embedded micro thermal management system integrating heat collection, internal conduction, active convection heat dissipation, and dynamic disturbance enhancement. The kit, composed of multiple interlocking U-shaped wings, fills the Y-shaped blank area between the three core components in a traditional cable. The heat dissipation kit does not significantly increase the cable diameter but transforms the space for the filler into a highly efficient heat dissipation channel. The alternating wide triangular section and narrow waist section naturally form a variable cross-section flow channel similar to a Venturi tube. The cooling medium flows faster and the pressure decreases in the waist section, enhancing the scouring effect on the core component wall. Conversely, the flow rate slows down and the pressure recovers in the triangular section, increasing the residence time and facilitating thorough heat exchange. This periodic change requires no external energy input, passively improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0022] 2. The spiral guide groove of this medium and high voltage power cable is located on the inner wall of the middle section. It forces the overall cooling medium to generate a spiral forward motion trajectory, which makes the medium flow longer and the collision with the wall more intense. The centrifugal force causes the lower temperature medium to be thrown towards the wall and the higher temperature medium to be squeezed towards the center, thus achieving temperature self-homogenization.

[0023] 3. This medium- and high-voltage power cable incorporates flow-disrupting components. The wing plate acts as a flow-blocking element, forcing the medium to flow around it and forming a strong Karman vortex street behind it, significantly enhancing mixing. The flow-through orifice acts as a flow-diverting element, allowing some of the medium to "jet" through, forming multiple fine jets on the other side of the wing plate, further breaking up large-scale vortices and generating multi-scale turbulence. The combination of these two components achieves a "kneading" disturbance of the medium in the constricted and triangular regions. The turbulence block generates tiny secondary flows on the surface of the airfoil, disrupting the laminar sublayer near the wall, which is the area with the greatest resistance to heat exchange. This "scoops up" the high-temperature medium close to the wall and mixes it with the mainstream, greatly reducing the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. The gradient turbulence plate gradually shortens in length from the horizontal plate to the waist region. In the transition section between the triangular and waist regions, it provides a gradient of turbulence intensity based on the channel contraction and velocity distribution. Near the inlet (horizontal plate), stronger turbulence is needed to "disperse" the newly entering medium, so the turbulence plate is longer. As the flow velocity naturally increases towards the waist region, the turbulence intensity is already high, so the turbulence plate becomes shorter to avoid excessive pressure loss. This is an optimized balance design between flow resistance and heat transfer efficiency.

[0024] 4. The expansion shroud installed on this medium- and high-voltage power cable is designed to accommodate higher pressure or flow rates of cooling medium when the cable is under heavy load and generating significant heat. In such cases, the shroud expands, automatically triggering the movement of the flow-dissipating components to alter the path of the cooling medium flowing into the central area, changing from a smooth flow to a zigzag flow obstructed by the wing plates. This means the cooling system is adaptive to cooling demands: under high heat loads, the disturbance automatically intensifies to meet the greater heat dissipation challenge; under low heat loads, the disturbance weakens, reducing pump power consumption.

[0025] 5. This medium- and high-voltage power cable incorporates heat-conducting blocks or bladders: the heat-conducting blocks directly penetrate the heat dissipation kit wall, connecting the copper strip of the core assembly to the internal cooling medium. The bladder, when compressed, releases thermally conductive grease, filling the gap between the copper strip and the heat dissipation kit, reducing contact thermal resistance; and when the expansion cover 5 expands, it allows the corners to fit tightly against the core assembly, forming a dynamic sealing ring to prevent the released thermally conductive grease from overflowing between the heat dissipation kit and the core assembly.

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0027] In the attached diagram:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat dissipation kit for a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an expansion cover for a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central shaft and wing plate of a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow passage and turbulence block of a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This invention proposes a medium- and high-voltage power cable. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the "E"-shaped insertion wing, triangular area, waist-reducing area, thickened area, and central area of ​​a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral groove structure of a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting groove structure of a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal plate and T-shaped plate of a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an expansion cover for a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 12 This invention proposes a medium- and high-voltage power cable. Figure 11 Structural diagram at point B Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 13 This invention proposes a medium- and high-voltage power cable. Figure 11 Structural diagram at point B Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the gradient baffle plate for a medium- and high-voltage power cable proposed in this invention.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Outer sheath; 11. Armor layer; 12. Inner sheath; 13. Filler;

[0043] 2. Core assembly; 20. Conductor; 21. Copper strip; 22. Outer shielding layer; 23. Cross-linked polyethylene; 24. Inner shielding layer;

[0044] 3. Heat dissipation kit; 30. Connecting connector; 31. T-shaped interlacing wing; 310. Horizontal area; 311. Limiting groove; 312. Waist-cinching area; 313. Triangular area;

[0045] 32. Thickened area; 321. Opening; 322. Central area;

[0046] 4. Spoilers; 41. Central shaft; 42. Wings; 43. Horizontal plates; 44. T-shaped plates; 45. Perforations; 46. Flow holes; 47. Spoiler blocks; 48. Gradient spoilers; 49. Corners;

[0047] 5. Expansion cover; 6. Spiral guide groove; 7. Heat-conducting block; 8. Bag body. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 14 The technical solutions provided in each embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0050] Example: Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 , Figure 9A medium- and high-voltage power cable is designed to optimize heat dissipation. The cable includes an outer layer assembly, circumferentially distributed core assemblies 2, and filler 13 located between the core assemblies 2 and the outer layer assembly. The outer layer assembly wraps around the core assemblies 2 and, from the outside in, includes an outer sheath 1, an armor layer 11, and an inner sheath 12. The core assembly 2, from the inside out, includes a conductor 20, an inner shielding layer 24, cross-linked polyethylene 23, an outer shielding layer 22, and copper tape 21. The filler 13 is located in the blank area between the inner sheath 12 and the core assemblies 2. The outer sheath 1 can be made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, and its main function is to protect the internal structure of the cable from external environmental influences. The armor layer 11 is typically made of steel tape, mainly used for pressure resistance, impact resistance, and bite resistance, protecting the core assemblies 2. The inner sheath 12 is typically made of materials such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, and its main function is to provide additional insulation protection, prevent moisture intrusion, and provide a flat supporting surface for the armor layer 11. The filler 13 typically uses polypropylene mesh filler rope or low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant filler, mainly used to fill the blank area between the outer layer assembly and the core assembly 2 to maintain the cable's circular cross-section and structural stability. The inner shielding layer 24, located outside the conductor 20, is made of semiconductor material and is used to uniformly distribute the electric field on the surface of the conductor 20, preventing localized electric field concentration that could lead to insulation breakdown. Cross-linked polyethylene 23 is the main insulation layer of the cable, possessing excellent electrical insulation and heat resistance properties, used to isolate the conductor 20 from external potential. The outer shielding layer 22, located outside the cross-linked polyethylene 23, is also made of semiconductor material and is used to uniformly distribute the electric field on the outer surface of the cross-linked polyethylene 23 and form good contact with the grounding layer. Copper tape 21, located outside the outer shielding layer 22, is typically used to provide a grounding loop, shield electromagnetic interference, and serve as an auxiliary heat dissipation channel to conduct heat generated by the core assembly 2 to the outside.

[0051] To enhance the cable's heat dissipation capacity, this embodiment includes a heat dissipation kit 3 positioned between multiple core assemblies 2. The heat dissipation kit 3 is configured to be in close contact with the core assemblies 2 to effectively conduct heat. The heat dissipation kit 3 can be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, such as a high thermal conductivity polymer. The structure of the heat dissipation kit 3 can be designed with internal flow channels to allow the cooling medium to flow within it. The heat dissipation kit 3 utilizes a connecting joint 30 to pump the cooling medium inwards and discharge it at the connecting joint 30 at the other end, thus facilitating the flow of the cooling medium.

[0052] The heat dissipation kit 3 consists of multiple U-shaped interlocking wings 31, the same number as the wire core assembly 2. The shape of the U-shaped interlocking wings 31 can be designed to effectively cover the wire core assembly 2 and form a flow path for the cooling medium. For example, the U-shaped interlocking wings 31 can be manufactured by extrusion molding or injection molding to ensure their geometric accuracy.

[0053] Specifically, each U-shaped interlocking wing 31 is positioned between adjacent core assemblies 2. This arrangement allows the U-shaped interlocking wings 31 to fully utilize the space between the core assemblies 2, forming a compact and efficient heat dissipation structure. The U-shaped interlocking wings 31 can be designed to have a certain degree of flexibility so as to accommodate slight dimensional deviations of the core assemblies 2 during installation.

[0054] Each U-shaped interleaving wing 31 includes a triangular section 313 and a constricted section 312. The triangular section 313 is typically located in the wider portion of the U-shaped interleaving wing 31, providing a larger cross-section for the cooling medium flow. The constricted section 312 is located in the narrower portion of the U-shaped interleaving wing 31, and its shape helps guide the flow direction of the cooling medium.

[0055] The waist section 312 of two adjacent U-shaped interlocking wings 31 are connected, and a limiting groove 311 is formed on the outside. This connection method allows multiple U-shaped interlocking wings 31 to cooperate with each other to form an integrated heat dissipation kit 3 structure. The formation of the limiting groove 311 provides positioning space for the wire core assembly 2, ensuring the stable placement of the wire core assembly 2 in the heat dissipation kit 3.

[0056] The core assembly 2 is positioned in the limiting groove 311. This positioning method ensures close contact between the core assembly 2 and the heat dissipation kit 3, thereby optimizing the heat conduction efficiency from the core assembly 2 to the heat dissipation kit 3. The core assembly 2 is pressed into the limiting groove 311 by the external filler 13 and the outer component to achieve a secure fixation.

[0057] The U-shaped interlacing wing 31 covers the outer surface of the core assembly 2. This covering method increases the contact area between the heat dissipation kit 3 and the core assembly 2, thereby improving the heat conduction efficiency.

[0058] To further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling medium inside the heat dissipation kit 3, a disturbance component is also provided. This disturbance component is disposed in the heat dissipation kit 3, and its main function is to disturb the cooling medium inside the heat dissipation kit 3. For example, the disturbance component can be a protrusion, a depression, or a flow guiding structure, which changes the flow direction or velocity of the cooling medium, disrupts the fluid boundary layer, and thus promotes heat exchange between the cooling medium and the inner wall of the heat dissipation kit 3. At the same time, the disturbance component can be manufactured integrally with the heat dissipation kit 3, or installed as a separate component inside the heat dissipation kit 3.

[0059] In one implementation, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 10The disturbance component includes a thickened area 32 at the connection of multiple interlaced wings 31, the thickened area 32 forms a central area 322, an opening 321 is formed between two adjacent thickened areas 32, the opening 321 is connected to the waist area 312, and a spiral guide groove 6 is provided on the inner wall of the central area 322.

[0060] Specifically, the thickened area 32 located at the connection points of the multiple U-shaped interlacing wings 31 primarily serves to provide additional flow space and disturbance structure for the cooling medium. The central area 322 formed within the thickened area 32 is one of the core channels for the cooling medium flow. This central area 322 is typically designed as a hollow cavity, and its cross-sectional shape and dimensions can be optimized according to the expected cooling medium flow rate, velocity, and required pressure loss; for example, it can be designed as a circular, elliptical, or polygonal channel. The opening 321 formed between two adjacent thickened areas 32 connects the waist-shaped area 312 with the central area 322. Through this opening 321, the cooling medium can smoothly flow from the waist-shaped area 312 covering the core assembly 2 into the central area 322, forming a continuous cooling circulation path. The inner wall of the central zone 322 is provided with a spiral guide groove 6, which forces the cooling medium to generate rotation or vortex when it flows through the central zone 322. This spiral structure can effectively break the laminar flow state of the cooling medium, increase the contact area and time between the medium and the inner wall of the central zone 322, thereby significantly improving the heat exchange efficiency. The spiral angle, depth, width and pitch of the spiral guide groove 6 can be precisely designed according to the physical properties (such as viscosity and density) and flow rate of the cooling medium to achieve the best turbulence effect.

[0061] Through the above technical solution, in the heat dissipation kit 3, the thickened area 32 at the connection of multiple U-shaped interlaced wings 31 forms a central area 322, which is connected to the waist area 312 through the opening 321, providing an additional, controlled flow path for the cooling medium. Crucially, the inner wall of the central area 322 is provided with a spiral guide groove 6. When the cooling medium flows through this area, the spiral guide groove 6 forces the cooling medium to rotate or vortex, effectively disturbing the flow state of the cooling medium. This disturbance significantly increases the contact area and time between the cooling medium and the inner wall of the heat dissipation kit 3, breaking the boundary layer of the medium, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of heat transfer from the core assembly 2 to the cooling medium. This not only avoids potential dead zones and uneven flow of the cooling medium inside the heat dissipation kit 3, but also ensures that heat can be carried away more efficiently and evenly, effectively solving the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency caused by uneven cooling medium flow, and significantly improving the overall heat dissipation performance and operational stability of medium and high voltage power cables.

[0062] In one implementation, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6, Figure 7 The disturbance component includes a turbulence component 4 located in the heat dissipation kit 3. The turbulence component 4 includes a central shaft 41 and multiple wing plates 42 connected to the central shaft 41. The multiple wing plates 42 are located in the triangular area 313 and the waist area 312 respectively. Several flow holes 46 are provided on the wing plates 42.

[0063] Specifically, the turbulence-disrupting element 4 is a structure set inside the heat dissipation kit 3. Its main function is to actively disturb the cooling medium flowing through the heat dissipation kit 3 to enhance the turbulence and mixing effect of the medium, thereby improving the efficiency of heat transfer from the core assembly 2 to the cooling medium.

[0064] The central shaft 41 is the core support structure of the spoiler 4, used to connect and fix multiple winglets 42. The central shaft 41 can be cylindrical, polygonal, or other geometric shapes suitable for connecting the winglets 42; the winglets 42 are the components on the spoiler 4 that directly contact the cooling medium and generate disturbance, and multiple winglets 42 are connected through the central shaft 41 and strategically arranged in the triangular area 313 and the waist area 312 of the heat dissipation kit 3.

[0065] The shape of the wing plate 42 can vary, such as flat plate, curved plate, or inclined plate with a specific angle, to optimize the guiding and turbulence effect on the cooling medium. The arrangement of the wing plates 42 ensures that they cover the main flow area of ​​the cooling medium, thereby maximizing the turbulence effect. The flow holes 46 are openings in the wing plates 42, allowing some of the cooling medium to pass through rather than being completely blocked or guided. The presence of these holes further refines the flow stream of the cooling medium, generating more vortices and mixing downstream of the wing plates 42, thereby enhancing local turbulence and improving heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the shape of the flow holes 46 can be circular, elliptical, square, or other irregular shapes, and their size and distribution density can be designed according to the required turbulence intensity and pressure drop requirements.

[0066] Through the above technical solution, a flow-disrupting element 4 is introduced into the heat dissipation kit 3. This flow-disrupting element 4, through its central shaft 41 and multiple wing plates 42, can effectively generate a strong disturbance to the cooling medium flowing through the triangular region 313 and the constricted region 312. The wing plates 42 break the laminar flow state that the cooling medium may have, forcing it to form more vortices and mixing, significantly enhancing the convective heat transfer coefficient between the cooling medium and the core assembly 2. At the same time, several flow holes 46 are opened on the wing plates 42. These flow holes 46 allow some medium to pass through while further refining the flow stream, generating additional micro-disturbances on the surface and downstream area of ​​the wing plates 42. This avoids excessive pressure drop that may be caused by complete blockage and ensures that the cooling medium can be more evenly distributed and flowed, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency and uniformity of the heat dissipation kit 3, effectively reducing the operating temperature of the core assembly 2, and extending the service life of medium and high voltage power cables.

[0067] Furthermore, referring to Figure 6 , Figure 12 A horizontal plate 43 is provided at one end of the wing plate 42 away from the central shaft 41. T-shaped plates 44 are symmetrically connected to the horizontal plate 43. The T-shaped plates 44 are attached to the inner wall of the horizontal area 310 of the triangular area 313. Several perforations 45 are opened on both sides of the horizontal plate 42.

[0068] The horizontal plate 43 is located at the end of the wing plate 42 away from the central shaft 41. Its function is to provide an extended structural support surface for the wing plate 42. This support surface can be used to contact the inner wall of the transverse area 310 of the heat dissipation kit 3, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the entire heat dissipation kit 3 and maintaining the cavity area inside the heat dissipation kit 3. In addition, the presence of the horizontal plate 43 can also increase the contact area between the wing plate 42 and the cooling medium, or serve as a structure to guide the flow of the cooling medium.

[0069] Since the connecting joint 30 is mainly connected to the horizontal region 310 of the triangular region 313, the cooling medium first enters the area between the symmetrical T-shaped plate 44 and the horizontal region 310, and then enters the triangular region 313 and the waist region 312 through the perforation 45. Therefore, when the cooling medium passes through the perforation 45, it can generate local disturbance, further enhancing the mixing effect and heat exchange efficiency of the cooling medium, while reducing the influence of the horizontal plate 43 on the overall flow resistance.

[0070] Furthermore, referring to Figure 5 , Figure 6Several flow disturbance blocks 47 are fixedly connected to the wing plate 42. The flow disturbance blocks 47 are protruding structures set on the surface of the wing plate 42, and their main function is to change the flow state of the cooling medium flowing through the wing plate 42. Specifically, when the cooling medium flows through the flow disturbance blocks 47, the flow disturbance blocks 47 force the fluid to produce phenomena such as separation, reattachment, and vortex, thereby increasing the turbulence and mixing effect of the fluid. The shape of the flow disturbance blocks 47 can be various, such as hemispherical, cylindrical, prismatic, conical, or irregular shape. Its size and spacing can be optimized according to the flow rate, viscosity, and required disturbance intensity of the cooling medium.

[0071] By fixing several flow disturbance blocks 47 onto the wing plate 42, the disturbance effect of the cooling medium within the heat dissipation kit 3 can be significantly enhanced. These flow disturbance blocks 47 can actively generate local eddies and turbulence as the cooling medium flows through the wing plate 42, effectively breaking the laminar boundary layer that may form on the surface of the wing plate 42, thereby significantly improving the convective heat transfer coefficient between the cooling medium and the heat dissipation kit 3 and the core assembly 2. This enhanced disturbance and mixing effect allows the cooling medium to absorb and carry away the heat generated by the core assembly 2 more efficiently, avoiding the formation of local overheating areas. Therefore, this technical solution can achieve a more uniform temperature distribution, improve the overall heat dissipation efficiency of medium and high voltage power cables, and thus enhance the current carrying capacity and operational reliability of the cables.

[0072] Furthermore, referring to Figure 14 A gradient spoiler 48 is fixedly connected to the wing plate 42 near the horizontal plate 43. The gradient spoiler 48 extends from the triangular area 313 into the waist area 312, and the gradient spoiler 48 near the horizontal plate 43 is longer than the gradient spoiler 48 away from the horizontal plate 43.

[0073] Specifically, the gradient spoiler 48 is a spoiler structure with different lengths or heights, whose main function is to further enhance the turbulence effect of the cooling medium. It is fixedly connected to the wing plate 42, specifically near the horizontal plate 43. When the cooling medium enters the main area of ​​the triangular region 313 through the perforation 45, the cooling medium will impact the gradient spoiler 48, causing the cooling medium to spread further.

[0074] The gradient baffle 48 extends from the triangular region 313 towards the constricted region 312, meaning it spans two regions with different geometric features within the internal flow channel of the heat sink 3. The triangular region 313 is typically the wider part of the flow channel, while the constricted region 312 is the narrower part. This extension allows the gradient baffle 48 to continuously agitate the cooling medium as it flows through these areas, resulting in a more uniform and effective flow disturbance throughout the entire flow channel. Furthermore, the length of the gradient baffle 48 exhibits a gradient change, with a longer length near the transverse plate 43 and a shorter length further away. This gradient design can be optimized based on factors such as the flow rate distribution, pressure changes, or heat distribution of the cooling medium within the flow channel. For example, in areas with higher flow velocities or where stronger disturbance is required, longer baffles can be used to generate greater resistance and stronger vortices; while in areas with lower flow velocities or less disturbance requirements, shorter baffles can be used to reduce unnecessary flow resistance. This non-uniform disturbance structure allows for more precise control of the cooling medium's flow state, avoiding excessively strong or weak disturbances in certain areas, thereby improving overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0075] Therefore, by fixing a gradient baffle 48 to the wing plate 42 near the horizontal plate 43, and extending it from the triangular area 313 into the waist area 312, with the gradient baffle 48 near the horizontal plate 43 being longer than the gradient baffle 48 away from the horizontal plate 43, this technical solution can achieve refined, gradient-type disturbance of the cooling medium according to the specific geometry of the internal flow channel of the heat dissipation kit 3 and the flow characteristics of the cooling medium. This design effectively avoids the problem of laminar flow or insufficient disturbance of the cooling medium in specific areas, promotes full mixing and heat exchange of the cooling medium, thereby significantly enhancing the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat dissipation kit 3 and ensuring the temperature stability of medium and high voltage power cables during long-term operation.

[0076] In one implementation, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 11 The disturbance component includes a plurality of expansion shields 5 spaced apart on the transverse region 310 of the triangular region 313. The expansion shields 5 are raised on the transverse region 310 and are connected to the triangular region 313. When the heat dissipation kit 3 is filled with cooling medium to expand the expansion shields 5, the transverse plate 43 separates from the transverse region 310 of the triangular region 313. The disturbance component 4 moves downward under its own gravity and the wing plate 42 on the disturbance component 4 contacts the side of the opening 321, thus disrupting the path of the cooling medium in the waist region 312 into the middle region 322.

[0077] Specifically, the expansion cover 5 creates a recess in the transverse zone 310. When the cooling medium passes through the recess, it generates turbulence, which in turn enhances the turbulence effect and “disrupts” the thermal stratification, allowing the cooling medium to produce a better cooling effect on the wire core assembly 2.

[0078] Secondly, when the cooling medium is filled into the heat dissipation kit 3 and the expansion cover 5 expands, the protruding part of the expansion cover 5 will expand outward, thereby causing the horizontal area 310 to expand outward as well. This causes the horizontal plate 43 to detach from the horizontal area 310. After the horizontal plate 43 detaches from the horizontal area 310 of the triangular area 313, the baffle 4, which was originally supported or limited by the horizontal plate 43, will lose its support. Under its own gravity, the baffle 4 will move downward along the channel inside the heat dissipation kit 3. After the baffle 4 moves downward, the wing plate 42 on it will come into contact with one edge of the opening 321 formed between the thickened areas 32. This contact changes the attitude or position of the wing plate 42 relative to the flow of the cooling medium, enabling it to more effectively disturb the cooling medium flowing through the opening 321, thereby disrupting the path of the cooling medium flowing into the middle area 322 in the waist area 312.

[0079] Through the above technical solution, this solution realizes a mechanism for dynamically adjusting the working state of the turbulence-disrupting component 4 according to the pressure of the cooling medium. When the pressure of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation kit 3 increases, for example, under the condition that stronger heat dissipation is required, the expansion cover 5 will expand, thereby causing the horizontal plate 43 that originally fixed the turbulence-disrupting component 4 to separate from the horizontal area 310; the turbulence-disrupting component 4 moves downward under its own gravity, and its wing plate 42 contacts the side of the opening 321, thereby changing the flow path of the cooling medium from the waist area 312 into the middle area 322. This dynamic adjustment can effectively disrupt the flow of the cooling medium, enhance the turbulence effect, and thus significantly improve the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling medium and the core assembly 2. This allows the heat dissipation system of the power cable to intelligently adjust the heat dissipation intensity according to the actual operating requirements, avoiding the problem of poor heat dissipation efficiency of the fixed turbulence-disrupting structure under different operating conditions, and improving the overall operational reliability and lifespan of the cable.

[0080] In some implementations, refer to Figure 12 The disturbance component includes a heat-conducting block 7 disposed on the limiting groove 311. One end of the heat-conducting block 7 extends into the heat dissipation kit 3 and contacts the cooling medium, while the other end of the heat-conducting block 7 contacts the copper strip 21 on the wire core assembly 2.

[0081] The heat-conducting block 7 is a component with high thermal conductivity. Its material is preferably a metal such as copper or aluminum, or a non-metallic material with high thermal conductivity, such as graphite or carbon fiber composite material. One end of the heat-conducting block 7 is designed to extend into the interior of the heat dissipation kit 3 and directly contact the cooling medium flowing within it. To maximize the heat exchange area, this end can be formed into a finned, columnar, or plate-like structure to increase the contact area with the cooling medium, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency. The cooling medium can be insulating oil, water, or gas, etc.

[0082] The other end of the heat-conducting block 7 is in close contact with the copper strip 21 on the core assembly 2. The copper strip 21, as an important component of the core assembly 2, is typically used for shielding or grounding and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Through this direct contact, the heat-conducting block 7 can efficiently capture heat from the core heat-generating area of ​​the core assembly 2 (such as near the conductor 20). The contact surface between the heat-conducting block 7 and the copper strip 21 can be designed as an arc or plane matching the shape of the copper strip 21, and good thermal contact can be ensured through methods such as compression, elastic fit, or thermally conductive adhesive to reduce contact thermal resistance.

[0083] Through the above technical solution, the heat-conducting block 7 establishes a direct and efficient heat conduction path between the core assembly 2 and the cooling medium. This significantly shortens the distance heat is transferred from the core assembly 2 (especially near the copper strip 21) to the cooling medium and greatly reduces thermal resistance. Therefore, the heat generated inside the core assembly 2 can be dissipated more quickly and effectively, thereby significantly improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of medium and high voltage power cables. Especially when the cable is subjected to high loads or operates in high-temperature environments, the heat-conducting block 7 can effectively suppress the temperature rise of the core assembly 2, avoid local hot spots, and thus improve the cable's current carrying capacity, operational stability, and reliability, and extend its service life. In addition, the heat-conducting block 7 works in conjunction with the expansion cover 5, the baffle 4, and other disturbance components to further optimize the flow and heat exchange effect of the cooling medium, ensuring that heat can be carried away from the cable more evenly and quickly, thereby achieving more efficient and reliable cable operation.

[0084] In some implementations, refer to Figure 13 The disturbance component includes a bladder 8 disposed on the limiting groove 311. One end of the bladder 8 protrudes into the heat dissipation kit 3, and the other end of the bladder 8 extends outward from the heat dissipation kit 3. Thermal grease is stored in the bladder 8. When the core assembly 2 contacts and is squeezed with the bladder 8, the thermal grease is squeezed out from the surface hole of the bladder 8 and fills the space between the copper strip 21 of the heat dissipation kit 3 and the core assembly 2. When the expansion cover 5 expands due to the pressure of the injected cooling medium, the corner 49 on the triangular area 313 is forced to press tightly against the core assembly 2, sealing the two ends of the heat dissipation kit 3 in contact with the core assembly 2.

[0085] The capsule 8 is a flexible container, typically made of an elastic material, which stores thermally conductive silicone grease or other thermal interface materials inside. When the core assembly 2 comes into contact with and is squeezed by the capsule 8 due to thermal expansion or installation pressure, the micropores on the surface of the capsule 8 release the internal thermally conductive silicone grease, effectively filling the tiny gaps between the copper strip 21 of the core assembly 2 and the heat dissipation kit 3, eliminating the thermal resistance caused by the air layer, thereby significantly improving the heat conduction efficiency between the two.

[0086] In addition, when the cooling medium is filled into the heat dissipation kit 3, causing the expansion shield 5 to expand due to pressure, the expansion force of the expansion shield 5 will be transmitted to the corner 49 through the structure of the triangular area 313. After being subjected to force, the corner 49 will deflect or deform inward, thereby tightly fitting the outer surface of the core assembly 2. Therefore, it can prevent the squeezed thermal grease from overflowing onto the filler 13.

[0087] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves the problems of poor thermal contact between the core assembly 2 and the heat dissipation kit 3, as well as insufficient sealing of the cooling medium flow path. Specifically, the design of the bladder 8 allows the thermal expansion or installation pressure of the core assembly 2 during power cable operation to automatically trigger the extrusion of thermally conductive grease. This grease fills the tiny gap between the copper strip 21 of the core assembly 2 and the heat dissipation kit 3, greatly reducing the interfacial thermal resistance and ensuring efficient heat transfer from the core assembly 2 to the cooling medium in the heat dissipation kit 3. Simultaneously, by utilizing the expansion mechanism of the expansion cover 5 due to the pressure of the cooling medium, the corner 49 on the triangular area 313 is cleverly driven to tightly adhere to the core assembly 2, achieving dynamic sealing at both ends of the contact area between the heat dissipation kit 3 and the core assembly 2. This sealing effectively prevents leakage of the cooling medium and forces the cooling medium to flow along a predetermined path, thereby maximizing the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling medium and the internal turbulence structures (such as the turbulence element 4 and the spiral guide groove 6) of the heat dissipation kit 3. Therefore, this application significantly improves the overall heat dissipation performance and operational reliability of medium and high voltage power cables by optimizing thermal contact and strengthening sealing.

[0088] The heat dissipation kit 3 designed in this invention is an embedded micro thermal management system that integrates "heat collection, internal conduction, active convection heat dissipation, and dynamic disturbance enhancement". The whole composed of multiple U-shaped interlaced wings 31 fills the "Y"-shaped blank area between the three core components 2 in the traditional cable. The heat dissipation kit 3 does not increase the diameter of the cable by much, but transforms the space for the filler 13 into a high-efficiency heat dissipation channel. The alternating connection of the wide triangular area 313 and the narrow waist area 312 naturally forms a variable cross-section flow channel similar to a "Venturi tube". The cooling medium flows faster and the pressure decreases in the waist area 312, which enhances the scouring effect on the wall of the core component 2. In the triangular area 313, the flow rate slows down and the pressure recovers, which increases the residence time and facilitates full heat exchange. This periodic change does not require external energy input and passively improves the heat exchange efficiency.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-described technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medium- and high-voltage power cable, comprising an outer layer assembly, circumferentially distributed core assemblies (2), and a filler (13) located between the core assemblies (2) and the outer layer assembly, characterized in that, Also includes: A heat dissipation kit (3) is disposed between multiple core assemblies (2), the heat dissipation kit (3) being composed of multiple T-shaped interlacing wings (31) in the same number as the core assemblies (2); The 'Er' shaped interlacing wing (31) is located between adjacent core assemblies (2). The 'Er' shaped interlacing wing (31) includes a triangular area (313) and a waist-reducing area (312). The waist-reducing areas (312) of two adjacent 'Er' shaped interlacing wings (31) are connected and a limiting groove (311) is formed on the outside. The core assembly (2) is located in the limiting groove (311). The 'Er' shaped interlacing wing (31) covers the outer surface of the core assembly (2). A disturbance component is disposed on the heat dissipation kit (3) to disturb the cooling medium in the heat dissipation kit (3).

2. The medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer layer component wraps around the core assembly (2) and includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer sheath (1), an armor layer (11), and an inner sheath (12). The core assembly (2) includes, from the inside to the outside, a conductor (20), an inner shielding layer (24), cross-linked polyethylene (23), an outer shielding layer (22), and a copper strip (21). The filler (13) is located in the blank area between the inner sheath (12) and the core assembly (2).

3. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disturbance component includes a thickened area (32) at the connection of multiple interlaced wings (31) with a 'E' shape. The thickened area (32) forms a central area (322). An opening (321) is formed between two adjacent thickened areas (32). The opening (321) is connected to the waist-shrinking area (312). A spiral guide groove (6) is provided on the inner wall of the central area (322).

4. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 3, characterized in that, The disturbance component includes a turbulence element (4) located in the heat dissipation kit (3). The turbulence element (4) includes a central shaft (41) and multiple wing plates (42) connected to the central shaft (41). The multiple wing plates (42) are located in the triangular area (313) and the waist area (312), respectively. Several flow holes (46) are provided on the wing plates (42).

5. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 4, characterized in that, A horizontal plate (43) is provided at one end of the wing plate (42) away from the central shaft (41), and a T-shaped plate (44) is symmetrically connected on the horizontal plate (43). The T-shaped plate (44) is attached to the inner wall of the horizontal area (310) of the triangular area (313). The horizontal plate (43) has several perforations (45) on both sides of the wing plate (42).

6. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 4, characterized in that, Several interference flow blocks (47) are fixedly connected to the wing plate (42).

7. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 4, characterized in that, A gradient spoiler (48) is fixedly connected to the wing plate (42) near the horizontal plate (43). The gradient spoiler (48) extends from the triangular area (313) into the waist area (312), and the gradient spoiler (48) near the horizontal plate (43) is longer than the gradient spoiler (48) away from the horizontal plate (43).

8. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 5, characterized in that, The disturbance component includes a plurality of expansion shields (5) spaced apart on the transverse region (310) of the triangular region (313), the expansion shields (5) being convex on the transverse region (310) and communicating with the triangular region (313). When the cooling medium is filled into the heat dissipation kit (3) to expand the expansion cover (5), the horizontal plate (43) separates from the horizontal area (310) of the triangular area (313), the deflector (4) moves downward under its own gravity, and the wing plate (42) on the deflector (4) contacts the side of the opening (321), disrupting the path of the cooling medium in the waist area (312) into the middle area (322).

9. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 8, characterized in that, The disturbance component includes a heat-conducting block (7) disposed on a limiting groove (311), one end of which extends into the heat dissipation kit (3) and contacts the cooling medium, and the other end of which contacts the copper strip (21) on the wire core assembly (2).

10. A medium- and high-voltage power cable according to claim 8, characterized in that, The disturbance component includes a bladder (8) disposed on a limiting groove (311). One end of the bladder (8) protrudes into the heat dissipation kit (3), and the other end of the bladder (8) extends outward from the heat dissipation kit (3). Thermal grease is stored in the bladder (8). When the core assembly (2) contacts and is squeezed with the bladder (8), the thermal grease is squeezed out from the surface hole of the bladder (8) and fills the space between the heat dissipation kit (3) and the copper strip (21) of the core assembly (2). When the expansion cover (5) expands due to the pressure of the injected cooling medium, the corner (49) on the triangular area (313) is subjected to force and is in close contact with the wire core assembly (2), sealing the two ends of the heat dissipation kit (3) that are in contact with the wire core assembly (2).

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