Preparation method of mature panax notoginseng powder rich in rare panax notoginseng saponins and panax notoginseng polypeptides

Abstract

The application provides a preparation method of ginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and panax notoginseng polypeptides, and belongs to the technical field of deep processing and biological transformation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The method comprises the following steps: (1) raw material pretreatment, (2) stepwise sectioning steaming, (3) fermentation substrate preparation, (4) constant-temperature aerobic fermentation, and (5) post-treatment, and finally the ginseng powder product rich in rare ginsenosides and panax notoginseng polypeptides is obtained. Through the triple synergy of "stepwise sectioning steaming to break the wall -> compound probiotic directional enzymolysis deep conversion -> edible grade zeolite powder microenvironment synergism", high content rare ginsenosides and high activity panax notoginseng polypeptides can be obtained at the same time, the utilization rate of raw materials and the added value of products are greatly improved, and the final product has the tonifying medicinal properties of traditional ginseng, the strong physiological activity of rare ginsenosides and the high absorption of panax notoginseng polypeptides, and the function is more comprehensive and the effect is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides, belonging to the field of traditional Chinese medicine processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Panax notoginseng, belonging to the Araliaceae family and the Panax genus, is a precious medicinal and edible herb, known for its "raw-to-disperse-and-cook-to-nourish" properties. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia clearly records that after steaming, Panax notoginseng's medicinal properties and effects change from promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis to replenishing qi and nourishing blood, making it a core ingredient for replenishing qi and blood in clinical practice and health preservation. Modern pharmacological and chemical studies have confirmed that the material basis for the enhanced qi-tonifying and blood-nourishing activities and bioavailability of processed Panax notoginseng is small-molecule rare ginsenosides, including Rg3, Rh2, Rk1, Rg5, and Rh1. These components lack complete sugar chain structures, have good oral absorption, and can directly exert biological activities such as anti-tumor, immune regulation, and improvement of microcirculation. In contrast, the natural content of raw Panax notoginseng is ≥98% composed of proto-ginsenosides, such as Rg1, Rb1, and Rd. Due to their large molecular weight and high polarity, their oral bioavailability is extremely low. They need to be deglycosylated to be converted into rare ginsenosides, thus fully exerting their highly efficient active effects. At the same time, Panax notoginseng contains abundant protein, which can be converted into small-molecule Panax notoginseng polypeptides through enzymatic hydrolysis. These polypeptides have advantages such as easy absorption, synergistic effects, and improvement of the body's nutritional metabolism. When used in combination with rare ginsenosides, they can significantly enhance the overall efficacy of the product. However, the content of rare ginsenosides in natural raw Panax notoginseng and traditionally steamed Panax notoginseng is extremely low, usually < 5mg / g, and there is no process for the targeted production of small molecule Panax notoginseng polypeptides, which seriously restricts the full realization of the efficacy of cooked Panax notoginseng and industrial upgrading. At present, the technical routes to increase the content of rare ginsenosides mainly include: chemical hydrolysis, single exogenous enzymatic hydrolysis, conventional microbial fermentation, and traditional steaming process, but all of them have significant defects and have failed to solve the core industry pain point of "integration of traditional processing and modern transformation, and balancing process compliance and transformation efficiency". The specific problems are as follows: 1. Chemical hydrolysis: Hydrolysis is carried out using strong acids, strong alkalis or organic solvents. The reaction conditions are violent, which can easily destroy the saponin nucleus structure and produce inactive by-products. At the same time, there is a risk of organic solvent residue and heavy metal pollution, which completely deviates from the safety concept of "medicine and food from the same source" in traditional Chinese medicine, and does not meet the requirements of green and environmentally friendly industrial production. 2. Single exogenous enzymatic hydrolysis method: This method relies on commercial glycosidase preparations, such as β-glucosidase, for hydrolysis. The cost of enzyme preparations is high, accounting for more than 40% of the production cost. Moreover, a single enzyme can only hydrolyze specific glycosidic bonds and cannot achieve the stepwise, directional, and complete conversion of the original saponins from polysaccharides to monosaccharides. As a result, the conversion rate of the original saponins is generally <70%, while the conversion rate of the target rare ginsenosides is <50%.3. Conventional microbial fermentation method: This method suffers from several core technological flaws. First, some processes follow a fermentation-steaming sequence, leading to the degradation of already converted rare ginsenosides during high-temperature steaming, resulting in a significant decrease in conversion rate. Second, the fermentation formulas are complex, involving multiple nitrogen and carbon sources, which can easily introduce contaminating bacteria and increase production costs. Third, anaerobic fermentation is commonly used, with a cycle of 10-15 days, resulting in poor process controllability and significant batch-to-batch variations. Most critically, most methods fail to treat "traditional processing" and "modern biotransformation" as an organic whole, neglecting the standardized steaming process from "raw" to "cooked" Panax notoginseng. This leads to products that do not meet the medicinal properties requirements of traditional cooked Panax notoginseng, posing a compliance risk for its use as both food and medicine. 4. Traditional steaming process: This method only achieves the cooking of the raw material through high-temperature, atmospheric-pressure steaming, without targeted transformation. The original saponins undergo only a small amount of non-specific pyrolysis, while the content of the target rare ginsenosides is extremely low, failing to meet the development requirements of modern high-activity products.

[0003] In summary, developing a new technology for preparing Panax notoginseng powder that can convert prototype saponins into target rare ginsenosides in a green, safe, and controllable manner suitable for large-scale production is a core bottleneck that the Panax notoginseng deep processing industry urgently needs to overcome. It is of great significance for promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine processing and realizing the high-value utilization of Panax notoginseng resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical terminology used in this invention is consistent with the general terminology used in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine processing, natural product chemistry, and microbial fermentation. The specific definitions are as follows:

[0005] Total saponins: refers to the total amount of all dammarane-type saponins contained in the finished product of this invention, calculated as the total amount of ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2, Rk1, Rg5, and Rh1, and determined by HPLC.

[0006] Prototype ginsenosides: refer to dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins with complete sugar chain structures that are naturally present in raw Panax notoginseng. They mainly include ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re, etc., and are precursors of rare ginsenosides. They account for ≥98% of the total saponins in natural raw Panax notoginseng.

[0007] Rare ginsenosides: These refer to secondary dammarane-type saponins obtained from proto-ginsenosides through bio / thermochemical transformations such as deglycosylation, dehydration, and structural rearrangement. These include, but are not limited to, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2, Rk1, Rg5, Rh1, and Compound K. These components are naturally present in very low amounts in native ginseng herbs. They are a recognized and standardized term in the pharmaceutical field, and their naming follows the core rule of natural product chemistry that "structure determines the common name," without being restricted by the source of the raw materials.

[0008] Panax notoginseng polypeptides: These are small molecule peptides generated from the proteins in Panax notoginseng through thermal denaturation and synergistic hydrolysis by microbial proteases. They have a molecular weight ≤1000 Da, are highly water-soluble and easily absorbed, and synergistically enhance the effects of rare ginsenosides.

[0009] Directed conversion rate: refers to the molar conversion rate of proto-ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides. The calculation formula is: "Directed conversion rate = (total molar amount of proto-ginsenosides corresponding to rare ginsenosides after conversion) / (total molar amount of proto-ginsenosides in the initial raw material) × 100%".

[0010] Target product selectivity: refers to the proportion of the molar amount of the target rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, Rk1, Rg5, Rh1) to the molar amount of all transformed saponin products. The calculation formula is: "Selectivity = (total molar amount of target rare ginsenosides) / (total molar amount of all transformed saponin products) × 100%".

[0011] Micropore confinement: refers to the spatial confinement of saponin substrates and intermediates in the fermentation system by the 0.3-1.0 nm nanopores of zeolite powder, so that the reaction can only take place within the micropores, thereby achieving directional control of the reaction.

[0012] Shape-selective catalysis refers to the catalytic effect of zeolite powder that selectively allows the formation of the target product based on the differences in molecular size between the substrate, intermediate, and product, preventing excessive hydrolysis and side reactions, thereby enhancing the selectivity of the target product.

[0013] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to efficiently, safely and greenly convert the prototype saponins into the target rare ginsenosides, while obtaining Panax notoginseng polypeptides.

[0014] In order to fundamentally solve the problem of the inability to convert the original saponins into rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides in the existing preparation of Panax notoginseng powder, this invention provides a method for preparing Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides.

[0015] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take raw Panax notoginseng that is more than three years old from Wenshan, Yunnan, wash and dry it, then crush it and pass it through an 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0017] (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is cooked as follows:

[0018] (21) Steam at 95℃ and normal pressure for 20-30 minutes to preheat and inactivate;

[0019] (22) Steam at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa for 50-70 minutes, then pressurize and break down the cell walls.

[0020] (23) Steam at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa for 80-100 minutes, and then perform heating and pressurization treatment;

[0021] (24) Steam at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa for 30-40 minutes, then perform cooling and depressurization stabilization treatment;

[0022] Obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder;

[0023] (3) Preparation of fermentation substrate: Take 100 parts of cooked Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (2) by weight, add 4-6 parts of compound probiotic agent, 8-10 parts of 2000 mesh food grade zeolite powder, 4-6 parts of food grade molasses and 30-50 parts of drinking water, mix evenly and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 to obtain fermentation substrate;

[0024] (4) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: Place the fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) in a fermentation device and ferment it at a constant temperature aerobic for 5-7 days under the conditions of temperature 35-37℃, air flow rate 0.8-1.2 vvm and pressure 0.03-0.05 MPa to obtain fermented product;

[0025] (5) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (4) is inactivated at low temperature, dried under vacuum, and crushed into ultrafine powder to obtain the finished Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides.

[0026] The total saponin content in the raw Panax notoginseng of step (1) is ≥11%, and the proportion of proto-ginsenosides in the total saponins is ≥98%.

[0027] The compound probiotic agent in step (3) is composed of freeze-dried bacterial powders of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marsupialis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Candida utilis, mixed in equal mass ratios, wherein: the viable count of each single strain is ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, total viable count of mixed microbial agents ≥1.0×10¹ 0 The CFU / g values ​​are all from commercially available products listed in the National Health Commission's "List of Microbial Strains that Can Be Used in Food".

[0028] The food-grade zeolite powder in step (3) is a commercially available product with a pore size range of 0.3-1.0 nm and a specific surface area ≥300 m² / g, preferably with a specific surface area of ​​300-350 m² / g and a pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm; it achieves a quadruple synergistic effect in the fermentation system, including micropore confinement, shape-selective catalysis, enzyme immobilization and product inhibition relief.

[0029] The food-grade molasses in step (3) is sugarcane molasses, with a total sugar content ≥48% and a total nitrogen content ≥0.8%, which is a nutritional supplement that provides carbon, nitrogen and mineral elements for compound probiotics.

[0030] The step (5) is as follows:

[0031] Low-temperature inactivation is performed at 95°C and normal pressure for 15-20 minutes.

[0032] Vacuum drying is performed at a temperature of 60-65℃ and a vacuum degree of ≥-0.08 MPa until the moisture content is ≤8.0%.

[0033] Ultrafine powder is crushed to a fineness of 100-200 mesh.

[0034] In the constant temperature aerobic fermentation of step (4), the compound probiotics will secrete proteases during the fermentation process, which will hydrolyze the protein in Panax notoginseng into small molecule rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides, so that the finished product contains rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides simultaneously, forming a dual active ingredient synergistic system.

[0035] The Panax notoginseng powder product obtained in step (5) is rich in rare ginsenosides, with a total rare ginsenoside content ≥48.0 mg / g, a Panax notoginseng polypeptide content ≥5.0%, a proto-ginsenoside content ≤1.0%, a moisture content ≤8.0%, and a total ash content ≤9.0%.

[0036] The Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (5) is rich in rare ginsenosides and can be used to prepare common foods, health foods, special dietary foods, medicinal food ingredients, beauty and daily chemical products and traditional Chinese medicine preparations.

[0037] The Panax notoginseng powder product obtained in step (5) is suitable for the following groups, including but not limited to: those with qi and blood deficiency such as sallow complexion, dizziness, weakness, palpitations, insomnia, and pale lips and nails; those with qi and blood depletion and physical weakness after childbirth / surgery; women with irregular menstruation and cold uterus; those recovering from limb numbness and sprains; those with low immunity and easy fatigue; those with "three highs" such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia; those at high risk of arteriosclerosis; and those who are physically weak due to long-term illness or after surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.

[0038] This invention employs a triple synergistic technology system of "step-by-step segmented maturation → targeted enzymatic hydrolysis and deep transformation with compound probiotics → enhancing effect of the microenvironment with edible-grade zeolite powder" to ensure that Panax notoginseng products achieve efficient conversion of rare ginsenosides and simultaneous generation of Panax notoginseng polypeptides, resulting in a significant increase in active ingredients, as detailed below:

[0039] 1) Through a stepped, segmented ripening process, key processing steps such as medicinal property transformation, cell wall breaking, sterilization of miscellaneous bacteria, and controllable pre-conversion of prototype saponins are achieved, laying the foundation for subsequent bio-fermentation and transformation as well as the preparation of Panax notoginseng polypeptides. The ripening process includes cell wall breaking, glycoside release, sterilization, and preliminary conversion of saponins, providing optimal technical support for probiotic growth, enzymatic hydrolysis, and peptide production.

[0040] 2) Utilizing a fully functional "in vitro multi-enzyme system" composed of seven strains of compound probiotics, and with the synergistic effect of zeolite powder, near-complete and highly selective conversion of proto-ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides is achieved. Simultaneously, Panax notoginseng protein is hydrolyzed into small-molecule Panax notoginseng polypeptides, realizing one-step fermentation and dual-effect production. Specifically:

[0041] While secreting glycosidase systems, compound probiotics can also secrete large amounts of protease systems such as neutral protease, acidic protease, and papain, which can efficiently hydrolyze the proteins in Panax notoginseng raw materials that have been denatured by steaming and heating into small molecule Panax notoginseng polypeptides.

[0042] The molecular weight of the Panax notoginseng polypeptides is mainly concentrated below 1000 Da, with good water solubility and high human absorption rate. It can form a natural synergistic active system with rare ginsenosides to jointly enhance the nutritional and physiological functions of the product. This system does not require the addition of exogenous proteases or additional enzymatic hydrolysis processes, and can simultaneously complete the preparation of Panax notoginseng polypeptides in the same fermentation process of saponin-directed conversion.

[0043] Meanwhile, zeolite powder is used as an synergistic bridge, utilizing its microporous confinement and shape-selective catalysis to enhance saponin selectivity. Enzyme immobilization stabilizes enzyme activity, relieves product inhibition, adsorbs pigment impurities, and improves purity.

[0044] 3) The entire process uses food-grade molasses as the sole nutrient source and edible zeolite powder as a multifunctional synergist. No organic solvents or exogenous chemical enzymes are added, which significantly reduces costs and ensures production and product safety.

[0045] 4) Provides a stable and industrially scalable standardized process with high batch-to-batch stability. The finished product contains ≥48.0 mg / g of rare ginsenosides and ≥5.0% of Panax notoginseng polypeptides, which meets the requirements for large-scale production. In particular, the process of steaming first and then fermenting effectively avoids the thermal degradation of rare saponins. The fermentation substrate is more suitable for the growth of probiotics and enzyme production, and simultaneously produces Panax notoginseng polypeptides.

[0046] 5) Produce multifunctional products that combine the traditional "cooked tonic" properties of Panax notoginseng with the high activity of rare ginsenosides and the high absorption of Panax notoginseng polypeptides, thereby expanding application scenarios and enhancing industrial value.

[0047] This invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: While achieving deep conversion of the original saponins, the protease secreted by the compound probiotics can efficiently hydrolyze the natural proteins in Panax notoginseng, generating small-molecule Panax notoginseng polypeptides with molecular weights concentrated below 1000 Da. These polypeptides have excellent water solubility and high absorption and utilization rates, forming a natural synergistic system with rare ginsenosides, further enhancing the nutritional activity and applicability of the finished product. The entire system requires no additional protease additions or separation and purification steps, simultaneously obtaining high-content rare ginsenosides and highly active Panax notoginseng polypeptides, significantly improving raw material utilization and product added value. The final product combines the tonic properties of traditional processed Panax notoginseng, the strong physiological activity of rare ginsenosides, and the high absorbability of Panax notoginseng polypeptides, resulting in more comprehensive functions and significant effects. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0049] The raw materials and excipients used in the embodiments of this invention are as follows:

[0050] All raw materials and auxiliary materials comply with national and industry standards. Specific specifications, requirements, and preferred dosages are shown in the table below:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] The experimental equipment used in the embodiments of this invention is as follows:

[0054] All of these are standard equipment used in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine and fermentation of food, with no special or dedicated equipment, making them easy to adapt for industrial use. Specifically, they include: a high-pressure steaming kettle (500L), a fully automatic fermentation tank (500L, with temperature, ventilation, tank pressure, and stirring control functions), a sterilizing kettle, a vacuum drying oven, an ultrafine pulverizer, a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC, Agilent 1260, for saponin content determination), a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter, and an electronic balance (accuracy 0.001g).

[0055] All detection indicators in the embodiments of this invention adopt the national pharmacopoeia, food safety standards, or industry-standard methods, and the detection results are accurate and reliable, as detailed below:

[0056] 1. Determination of total saponins, native saponins, and rare ginsenosides: HPLC was used, referring to the saponin determination method under Panax notoginseng in the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Chromatographic conditions: C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-water gradient elution; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min; detection wavelength: 203 nm; column temperature: 30℃; the content of each saponin was calculated using the external standard method.

[0057] 2. Calculation of directional conversion rate and target product selectivity: Calculated according to the formulas defined in the terminology of this invention;

[0058] 3. Moisture content determination: drying method, referring to General Chapter 0832 of Part IV of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia;

[0059] 4. Determination of total ash content: Refer to Section 2302 of the General Chapter of Part IV of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia;

[0060] 5. Heavy metal determination: ICP-MS method, referring to Chapter 2321 of the General Section IV of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, to detect lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper;

[0061] 6. Microbial limit determination: Refer to Chapter 1107 of Part IV of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to detect the total number of aerobic bacteria, the total number of molds and yeasts, and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Escherichia coli).

[0062] 7. Determination of pesticide residues and aflatoxin: Pesticide residues were determined by GC-MS (refer to General Chapter 2341 of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part IV), and aflatoxins were determined by HPLC-MS (refer to General Chapter 2351 of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part IV).

[0063] 8. Determination of live probiotic count: Plate count method, refer to GB 4789.35-2022.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11.8% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0067] (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is fed into a high-pressure steamer for the following cooking process:

[0068] (21) Preheat inactivation by steaming at 95℃ and normal pressure for 25 minutes;

[0069] (22) Steam for 50 minutes at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa to break the cell wall by heating and pressurizing;

[0070] (23) Steam for 100 minutes at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa, and then perform heating and pressurization treatment;

[0071] (24) Steam at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa for 35 minutes, then perform cooling and depressurization steady-state treatment;

[0072] Cool to room temperature to obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder;

[0073] (3) Preparation of fermentation substrate: By weight, take 100 kg of the cooked Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (2), add 5 kg of compound probiotic agent, 9 kg of 2000 mesh food-grade zeolite powder, 5 kg of food-grade molasses and 40 kg of drinking water, stir and mix evenly, adjust the pH value to 6.0, and obtain the fermentation substrate; wherein:

[0074] The 5kg compound probiotic agent is composed of freeze-dried bacterial powders of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marsupialis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Candida utilis, mixed in equal mass ratios, with each individual strain having a viable count ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, total viable count of mixed bacterial agent ≥1.0×10⁻⁶ 10 CFU / g;

[0075] Food-grade zeolite powder is a commercially available product with a surface area of ​​300-350 m² / g and a pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm.

[0076] Food-grade molasses is cane molasses, with a total sugar content of 49% and a total nitrogen content of 0.9%.

[0077] (4) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: The fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) is placed in a 500L fermentation tank and fermented at a constant temperature aerobic for 6 days under the conditions of temperature 36℃, aeration rate 1.0 vvm, tank pressure 0.04 MPa and stirring speed 80 rpm to obtain fermented product;

[0078] (5) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (4) was subjected to: treatment at 95℃ and normal pressure for 15 minutes, vacuum drying at 60℃ and vacuum degree -0.08MPa until the moisture content was ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 120 mesh to obtain Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides, wherein: the total content of rare ginsenosides was 51.6 mg / g, the content of Panax notoginseng polypeptide was 5.8%, the content of original ginsenosides was ≤1.0%, the moisture content was 6.8%, and the total ash content was 7.5%.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides includes the following steps:

[0081] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0082] (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is fed into a high-pressure steamer for the following cooking process:

[0083] (21) Preheat inactivation by steaming at 95℃ and normal pressure for 20 minutes;

[0084] (22) Steam for 60 minutes at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa to break the cell wall by heating and pressurizing;

[0085] (23) Steam for 80 minutes at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa, and then perform temperature and pressure increase treatment;

[0086] (24) Steam for 30 minutes at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa, and then perform a cooling and depressurization steady-state treatment;

[0087] Cool to room temperature to obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder;

[0088] (3) Preparation of fermentation substrate: By weight, take 100 kg of the cooked Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (2), add 4 kg of compound probiotic agent, 8 kg of 2000 mesh food-grade zeolite powder, 4 kg of food-grade molasses and 30 kg of drinking water, stir and mix evenly, adjust the pH value to 5.5, and obtain the fermentation substrate; wherein:

[0089] The 4kg compound probiotic agent is composed of freeze-dried bacterial powders of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marsupialis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Candida utilis, mixed in equal mass ratios, with each individual strain having a viable count ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, total viable count of mixed bacterial agent ≥1.0×10⁻⁶ 10 CFU / g;

[0090] Food-grade zeolite powder is a commercially available product with a surface area of ​​300-350 m² / g and a pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm.

[0091] Food-grade molasses is cane molasses, with a total sugar content of 49% and a total nitrogen content of 0.9%.

[0092] (4) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: The fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) is placed in a 500L fermentation tank and fermented at a constant temperature aerobic for 5 days under the conditions of temperature 35℃, aeration rate 0.8 vvm, tank pressure 0.03 MPa and stirring speed 80 rpm to obtain fermented product;

[0093] (5) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (4) was subjected to: treatment at 95℃ and normal pressure for 17 minutes, vacuum drying at 60℃ and vacuum degree -0.08MPa until the moisture content was ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides, wherein: the total content of rare ginsenosides was 48.2 mg / g, the content of Panax notoginseng polypeptide was 5.2%, the content of original ginsenosides was ≤1.0%, the moisture content was 7.2%, and the total ash content was 7.8%.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides includes the following steps:

[0096] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11.9% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0097] (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is fed into a high-pressure steamer for the following cooking process:

[0098] (21) Preheat inactivation by steaming at 95℃ and normal pressure for 30 minutes;

[0099] (22) Steam for 70 minutes at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa to break the cell wall by heating and pressurizing;

[0100] (23) Steam for 100 minutes at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa, and then perform heating and pressurization treatment;

[0101] (24) Steam at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa for 40 minutes, then perform cooling and depressurization steady-state treatment;

[0102] Cool to room temperature to obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder;

[0103] (3) Preparation of fermentation substrate: By weight, take 100 kg of the cooked Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (2), add 6 kg of compound probiotic agent, 10 kg of 2000 mesh food-grade zeolite powder, 6 kg of food-grade molasses and 40 kg of drinking water, stir and mix evenly, adjust the pH value to 6.5, and obtain the fermentation substrate; wherein:

[0104] The 6kg compound probiotic agent is composed of freeze-dried bacterial powders of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marsupialis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Candida utilis, mixed in equal mass ratios, with each individual strain having a viable count ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, total viable count of mixed bacterial agent ≥1.0×10⁻⁶ 10 CFU / g;

[0105] Food-grade zeolite powder is a commercially available product with a surface area of ​​300-350 m² / g and a pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm.

[0106] Food-grade molasses is cane molasses, with a total sugar content of 49% and a total nitrogen content of 0.9%.

[0107] (4) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: The fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) is placed in a 500L fermentation tank and fermented at a constant temperature aerobic for 7 days under the conditions of temperature 37℃, aeration rate 1.2 vvm, tank pressure 0.05 MPa and stirring speed 80 rpm to obtain fermented product;

[0108] (5) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (4) was subjected to: treatment at 95℃ and normal pressure for 20 minutes, vacuum drying at 65℃ and vacuum degree -0.08MPa until the moisture content was ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 200 mesh to obtain Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides, wherein: the total content of rare ginsenosides was 53.7 mg / g, the content of Panax notoginseng polypeptide was 6.1%, the content of original ginsenosides was ≤1.0%, the moisture content was 6.5%, and the total ash content was 7.3%.

[0109] Comparative Example

[0110] To further verify the technical effect of the present invention, four comparative examples were set up, each corresponding to the mainstream process of the prior art. The other raw materials and testing methods were the same as in Example 1. The core indicators of each comparative example and the embodiment of the present invention were compared, and the results are as follows:

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder includes the following steps:

[0113] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11.8% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0114] (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is fed into a high-pressure steamer for the following cooking process:

[0115] (21) Preheat inactivation by steaming at 95℃ and normal pressure for 25 minutes;

[0116] (22) Steam for 50 minutes at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa to break the cell wall by heating and pressurizing;

[0117] (23) Steam for 100 minutes at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa, and then perform heating and pressurization treatment;

[0118] (24) Steam at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa for 35 minutes, then perform cooling and depressurization steady-state treatment;

[0119] Cool to room temperature to obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder;

[0120] (3) Post-processing: The cooked Panax notoginseng powder from step (2) is subjected to: 95℃ normal pressure for 15 minutes, vacuum drying at 60℃ and vacuum degree -0.08 MPa until the moisture content is ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 120 mesh to obtain the finished Panax notoginseng powder.

[0121] Comparative Example 2

[0122] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder includes the following steps:

[0123] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11.8% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0124] (2) Cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is put into a high-pressure steaming kettle and steamed at 110°C and 0.05 MPa for 50 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, cooked Panax notoginseng powder is obtained.

[0125] (3) Fermentation: Add 0.5% by weight of commercial β-glucosidase to cooked Panax notoginseng powder and enzymatically hydrolyze it at 36℃ for 6 days to obtain fermented product;

[0126] (4) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (3) is subjected to: 95℃ atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes, vacuum drying at 60℃ and vacuum degree -0.08MPa until the moisture content is ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 120 mesh to obtain Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides.

[0127] Comparative Example 3

[0128] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder includes the following steps:

[0129] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11.8% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0130] (2) Preparation of fermentation substrate: By weight, take 100 kg of raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1), add 5 kg of compound probiotic agent, 9 kg of 2000 mesh food-grade zeolite powder, 5 kg of food-grade molasses and 40 kg of drinking water, stir and mix evenly, adjust the pH value to 6.0, and obtain the fermentation substrate; wherein:

[0131] The 5kg compound probiotic agent is composed of freeze-dried bacterial powders of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marsupialis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Candida utilis, mixed in equal mass ratios, with each individual strain having a viable count ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, total viable count of mixed bacterial agent ≥1.0×10⁻⁶ 10CFU / g;

[0132] Food-grade zeolite powder is a commercially available product with a surface area of ​​300-350 m² / g and a pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm.

[0133] Food-grade molasses is cane molasses, with a total sugar content of 49% and a total nitrogen content of 0.9%.

[0134] (3) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: The fermentation substrate obtained in step (2) was placed in a 500L fermentation tank and fermented at a constant temperature aerobic for 6 days under the conditions of temperature 36℃, aeration rate 1.0 vvm, tank pressure 0.04 MPa and stirring speed 80 rpm to obtain fermented product;

[0135] (4) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (3) is subjected to: 95℃ atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes, vacuum drying at 60℃ and vacuum degree -0.08MPa until the moisture content is ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 120 mesh to obtain Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides.

[0136] Comparative Example 4

[0137] A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder includes the following steps:

[0138] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan with a total saponin content of 11.8% (98.4% of the original saponins), wash, dry at 60℃, and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw Panax notoginseng powder;

[0139] (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is fed into a high-pressure steamer for the following cooking process:

[0140] (21) Preheat inactivation by steaming at 95℃ and normal pressure for 25 minutes;

[0141] (22) Steam for 50 minutes at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa to break the cell wall by heating and pressurizing;

[0142] (23) Steam for 100 minutes at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa, and then perform heating and pressurization treatment;

[0143] (24) Steam at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa for 35 minutes, then perform cooling and depressurization steady-state treatment;

[0144] Cool to room temperature to obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder;

[0145] (3) Preparation of fermentation substrate: Take 100 kg of cooked Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (2) by weight, add 5 kg of Lactobacillus plantarum, 5 kg of food grade molasses and 40 kg of drinking water, stir and mix evenly, adjust the pH value to 6.0, and obtain the fermentation substrate;

[0146] (4) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: The fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) is placed in a 500L fermentation tank and fermented at a constant temperature aerobic for 6 days under the conditions of temperature 36℃, aeration rate 1.0 vvm, tank pressure 0.04 MPa and stirring speed 80 rpm to obtain fermented product;

[0147] (5) Post-processing: The fermented material from step (4) is subjected to: 95℃ atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes, vacuum drying at 60℃ and vacuum degree -0.08MPa until the moisture content is ≤8.0%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to 120 mesh to obtain Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides.

[0148] Comparative data

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] Compared with the prior art, the prototype saponin conversion rate, target product selectivity and rare ginsenoside content of the finished product in the embodiments of the present invention are significantly better than those of the comparative proportions, which fully demonstrates the scientific nature of the triple synergistic system of "step-by-step segmented steaming-compound probiotic enzymatic hydrolysis-zeolite powder enhancement" and the necessity of the process sequence of "steaming first and then fermenting", effectively solving the core pain points of the prior art.

[0152] In particular, the results of Comparative Example 3 (in reverse order, fermentation first and then steaming) showed a conversion rate of only 18.6%. This result, on the contrary, proves the decisive role of the "steaming first and then fermenting" order in protecting the converted rare saponins from thermal degradation and in adapting to the fermentation substrate.

[0153] Parallel experiments (to verify process stability)

[0154] To verify the batch stability of the process of this invention, three parallel experiments (parallel sample 1, parallel sample 2, and parallel sample 3) were set up according to the optimal process parameters of Example 1. The entire process from raw material pretreatment to finished product was completed independently, and the core quality indicators of each component were tested. The results are as follows:

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] Analysis of parallel experimental results: The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the core indicators of the three parallel samples were all <2.0%, indicating that the process parameters of the present invention are stable and highly repeatable, and the quality of each batch of finished products is uniform, which fully meets the quality control requirements of large-scale industrial production.

[0158] Beneficial effects

[0159] 1. Technological Innovation: It pioneered a triple synergistic technology system of "step-by-step segmented steaming and cell wall breaking → deep conversion by directional enzymatic hydrolysis of compound probiotics → microenvironment enhancement of food-grade zeolite powder". It strictly follows the traditional processing standard of "steaming first and then fermenting", and simultaneously achieves efficient conversion of rare ginsenosides and peptide hydrolysis of Panax notoginseng. It breaks through the core bottlenecks of existing technologies such as "disconnect between processing and conversion, low conversion efficiency, poor selectivity and single function". The process parameters are stable and controllable, with strong repeatability, and are suitable for industrial-scale production.

[0160] 2. Product Quality: The entire process is free of organic solvents and exogenous chemical enzymes. All raw materials and excipients are either medicinal or food-grade compliant raw materials, ensuring high product safety. It can stably achieve a conversion rate of ≥99.0% for the original ginsenosides, a selectivity of ≥93.2% for the target rare ginsenosides, a total content of ≥48.0 mg / g for the rare ginsenosides in the finished product, and a content of ≥5.0% for Panax notoginseng polypeptides. The dual active ingredients synergistically enhance the effect, significantly improving bioavailability. The medicinal properties meet the traditional processing requirements of Panax notoginseng for "tonifying qi and nourishing blood," and the internal quality control standards are higher than the relevant national standards.

[0161] 3. Industrial Application Level: Simplified fermentation formula, using food-grade molasses as the sole nutritional supplement, reducing costs by more than 40%; wide applicability, can be widely used as a core raw material in food and medicine homology, health food, special dietary food, medicinal diet ingredients, health and biochemical products, and traditional Chinese medicine preparations; conventional equipment, less waste, green and environmentally friendly; significantly increased product added value, significant economic benefits, and promote the high-value upgrading of the Panax notoginseng industry.

[0162] Finished Product Core Quality Internal Control Standards

[0163]

[0164] Industrial application

[0165] The method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides described in this invention has "extremely strong industrial applicability and large-scale production potential," specifically reflected in the following aspects:

[0166] 1. Standardized equipment, no special modifications required: The equipment used in this invention are all conventional and general-purpose equipment in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine processing, food fermentation, and powder processing (high-pressure steaming kettle, fermentation tank, vacuum drying oven, ultra-micro pulverizer, etc.). Existing Chinese medicine factories and food factories in China can directly connect to them without investing funds in special equipment modifications, which greatly reduces the threshold for industrialization.

[0167] 2. Scalable process with flexible and adjustable feed amount: The process parameters of this invention can be flexibly adjusted according to the production scale, and the feed amount can be scaled up from the laboratory level (1 kg) to the industrial level (more than 1000 kg). Fermentation tanks, steaming kettles and other equipment can achieve continuous and automated production, which is suitable for large-scale industrial processing.

[0168] 3. Raw materials are readily available and their authenticity is controllable: The core raw material is Panax notoginseng that is over three years old from Wenshan. Wenshan is the authentic producing area of ​​Panax notoginseng, with sufficient supply and stable quality of raw materials. Moreover, this invention only requires the total saponin content of the raw materials to be ≥11%, which allows for a wide range of raw material selection and controllable costs.

[0169] 4. The product has strong adaptability and is easy to develop: The finished product is a 100-200 mesh ultrafine powder with good solubility and flowability. It can be directly used as a core raw material to be further processed into various dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, granules, oral liquids, ointments, and meal replacement powders. It can also be directly used as a medicinal diet ingredient and a raw material for health and biochemical products to meet the diversified development needs of the big health industry.

[0170] 5. Low emissions of wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste, making it green and environmentally friendly: The entire process of this invention is an aqueous system with no organic solvents used. The fermentation residue is mainly Panax notoginseng dietary fiber and zeolite powder, which can be dried and recycled as feed additives or organic fertilizers. There are no pollution problems of wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue, which meets the requirements of green and environmentally friendly industrial production.

[0171] 6. Significant economic benefits and high industrial added value: The market price of traditional Panax notoginseng powder is about 100-200 yuan / 500g, while the finished product of this invention contains ≥48 mg / g of highly active rare ginsenosides and ≥5.0% Panax notoginseng polypeptides, forming a dual-active ingredient synergistic system. The added value of the product is greatly increased, and the market price can reach more than 1000 yuan / 500g. Moreover, the production cost is only 30% of the existing enzymatic hydrolysis method, resulting in significant economic benefits and greatly improving the overall added value of the Panax notoginseng industry.

[0172] The implementation of this invention can not only solve the core technical bottleneck of the Panax notoginseng deep processing industry and promote the modernization and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine processing, but also provide the big health industry with highly active, compliant and safe Panax notoginseng core raw materials, while realizing the high-value utilization of Panax notoginseng resources, and has extremely high industrial application value and market prospects.

Claims

1. A method for preparing cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take three-year-old or older raw Panax notoginseng from Wenshan, Yunnan, wash and dry it, then pulverize it and pass it through an 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain Panax notoginseng powder; (2) Step-by-step segmented cooking: The raw Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (1) is cooked as follows: (21) Steam at 95℃ and normal pressure for 20-30 minutes to preheat and inactivate; (22) Steam at 110℃ and 0.05 MPa for 50-70 minutes, then increase the temperature and pressure to break the cell wall; (23) Steam at 125℃ and 0.13 MPa for 80-100 minutes, and then perform heating and pressurization treatment; (24) Steam at 105℃ and 0.02 MPa for 30-40 minutes, then perform cooling and depressurization stabilization treatment; Obtain cooked Panax notoginseng powder; (3) Preparation of fermentation substrate: Take 100 parts of cooked Panax notoginseng powder obtained in step (2) by weight, add 4-6 parts of compound probiotic agent, 8-10 parts of 2000 mesh food grade zeolite powder, 4-6 parts of food grade molasses and 30-50 parts of drinking water, mix evenly and adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 to obtain fermentation substrate; (4) Constant temperature aerobic fermentation: Place the fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) in the fermentation equipment and carry out constant temperature aerobic fermentation for 5-7 days under the conditions of temperature 35-37℃, aeration rate 0.8-1.2 vvm and tank pressure 0.03-0.05 MPa; (5) Post-processing: The material after fermentation in step (4) is subjected to low-temperature inactivation, vacuum drying and ultra-fine pulverization to obtain the finished product of cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptide.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total saponin content in the raw Panax notoginseng of step (1) is ≥11%, and the proportion of proto-ginsenosides in the total saponins is ≥98%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotic agent in step (3) is composed of freeze-dried bacterial powders of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marsupialis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Candida utilis, mixed in equal mass ratios, wherein: the viable count of each single strain is ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, total viable count of mixed bacterial agent ≥1.0×10⁻⁶ 10 The CFU / g values ​​are all from commercially available products listed in the National Health Commission's "List of Microbial Strains that Can Be Used in Food".

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The food-grade zeolite powder in step (3) is a commercially available product with a pore size range of 0.3-1.0 nm and a specific surface area ≥ 300 m² / g, preferably with a specific surface area of ​​300-350 m² / g and a pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm; it achieves a quadruple synergistic effect in the fermentation system, including micropore confinement, shape-selective catalysis, enzyme immobilization and product inhibition relief.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The food-grade molasses in step (3) is sugarcane molasses, with a total sugar content ≥48% and a total nitrogen content ≥0.8%, which is a nutritional supplement that provides carbon, nitrogen and mineral elements for compound probiotics.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that... The step (5) is as follows: Low-temperature inactivation is performed at 95°C and normal pressure for 15-20 minutes. Vacuum drying is performed at a temperature of 60-65℃ and a vacuum degree of ≥-0.08 MPa until the moisture content is ≤8.0%. Ultrafine powder is crushed to a fineness of 100-200 mesh.

7. A cooked Panax notoginseng powder rich in rare ginsenosides and Panax notoginseng polypeptides, prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Based on the quality of the finished product, its total content of rare ginsenosides is ≥48.0 mg / g, the content of Panax notoginseng polypeptide is ≥5.0%, the residual rate of original ginsenosides is ≤1.0%, the moisture content is ≤8.0%, and the total ash content is ≤9.0%.

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