Fire safety system and control method for container-type electrochemical battery energy storage power station

Abstract

The application discloses a fire safety system and control method of a container type electrochemical cell energy storage power station. A control cabin and a plurality of battery cabins are arranged in a container cabinet. A battery plug-in box is arranged in each battery cabin. An electromagnetic release mechanism is arranged above the battery plug-in box, and an accumulator pool is arranged below the battery plug-in box. A water-based extinguishing agent filled accumulator plastic bag is arranged in the accumulator pool. A steel spike is arranged on the bottom surface of the battery plug-in box. According to the data of a multi-stage early warning monitoring unit, a non-fire-fighting power supply in a corresponding battery cabin is cut off, and the electromagnetic release mechanism is started, so that the battery plug-in box falls into the accumulator pool, the steel spike pierces the accumulator plastic bag, and full-immersion fire extinguishing is realized. The system can physically isolate a faulty battery, fundamentally block the spread of thermal runaway, and has the characteristics of rapid response and efficient fire extinguishing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage safety technology, specifically to a fire safety system and control method for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, electrochemical battery energy storage power stations, represented by lithium iron phosphate batteries, have been widely used in various scenarios. These power stations typically use standard containerized battery compartments, offering advantages such as high energy density (a single compartment can reach over 2.5 MWh). However, the inherent thermal runaway risk of lithium iron phosphate batteries still poses a significant safety hazard. Historical data shows that nearly 80% of energy storage fires are directly related to battery thermal runaway.

[0003] To effectively suppress reignition after thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries and prevent the spread of fire, thus avoiding secondary damage to surrounding equipment, Chinese invention patent CN 119701252 A discloses a prefabricated water-immersed fire-fighting compartment for inter-cluster isolation in electrochemical energy storage. This design divides a container into n independent compartments using isolation baffles. A fire-fighting device is installed above the main compartment, comprising two sets of fire-fighting pipes, solenoid valves, and sensor components. The fire-fighting pipes consist of a main pipe and multiple branch pipes, with the branch pipes vertically connected to the lower part of the main pipe wall. Each energy storage battery compartment also has a branch pipe, on which a solenoid valve is installed. The solenoid valve is linked to the fire-fighting central control system. The sensor components are installed inside the energy storage battery compartment and electrically connected to the fire-fighting central control system. During the operation of the energy storage system, when a target battery cluster experiences thermal runaway, the target battery cluster can be submerged via an external water source through the fire-fighting pipes.

[0004] However, the problem with this solution is that after thermal runaway, lithium iron phosphate batteries can generate jet flames in as little as 10 seconds, while the solution usually requires more than a few minutes to completely immerse the target battery cluster, resulting in a slow fire extinguishing speed that urgently needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a fire safety system and control method for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, in order to solve the problem that the time required for the entire target battery cluster to be immersed in the existing technology usually exceeds several minutes, and the fire extinguishing speed is slow, which urgently needs to be further improved.

[0006] Therefore, this application provides a fire safety system for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station. The containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station has a control compartment and multiple battery compartments inside its container. A power supply device, a battery management system, and a control unit are respectively installed in the control compartment. The fire safety system comprises: The fire extinguishing unit includes a fully submersible fire extinguishing device, which includes a battery compartment housed in each battery compartment. An electromagnetic release mechanism for fixing or releasing the battery compartment is provided above the battery compartment. A liquid storage tank is provided below the battery compartment. The upper end of the liquid storage tank is open and contains a liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent-filled plastic bag. Multiple steel spikes are provided on the bottom surface of the battery compartment. A multi-level early warning monitoring unit is used to monitor and obtain monitoring data of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station in real time. The monitoring data includes the smoke concentration inside the container, the temperature of each battery compartment, the concentration of characteristic gases, and the voltage and temperature of each individual battery cell. The characteristic gases include CO and H2. The control unit is used to cut off the non-fire-fighting power supply in the battery compartment based on the monitoring data, and to activate the electromagnetic release mechanism to release the battery pack.

[0007] In this application, when the monitoring results of the multi-level early warning monitoring unit reach the set threshold, the electromagnetic release mechanism is activated, causing the battery box to fall into the storage tank and puncture the storage plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent to achieve full immersion fire extinguishing. This physically isolates the faulty battery, fundamentally preventing damage to other batteries. It has a rapid response and fast fire extinguishing speed, and is especially suitable for high-energy-density lithium iron phosphate energy storage power stations.

[0008] In the above technical solution, preferably, the fire safety system further includes a directional fire extinguishing device, which comprises: A fire extinguishing agent storage tank is located inside or outside the container body, and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank contains liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple directional nozzles are installed one-to-one in each of the battery compartments; Multiple total flooding nozzles are respectively installed inside the container and located above the directional nozzles; The directional nozzle and the total flooding nozzle are respectively connected to the extinguishing agent storage tank through fire-fighting pipelines; The control unit opens the directional nozzle or the total flooding nozzle based on the monitoring data.

[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably, the multi-level early warning monitoring unit is connected to the control unit, including: The cabin-level monitoring unit includes multiple aspirating smoke detectors installed inside the container to detect the smoke concentration inside the container. The cluster-level monitoring unit includes multiple temperature and gas composite sensors, each corresponding to one of the battery compartments, for detecting the temperature of the battery compartment and the concentration of the characteristic gas. A cell-level monitoring unit, connected to the battery management system, is used to collect the voltage and temperature of the individual cells in real time.

[0010] In the above technical solution, preferably, the container body is also provided with redundant ventilation and cooling devices, including a low-power axial flow fan and an explosion-proof exhaust fan, and the control unit starts the low-power axial flow fan or the explosion-proof exhaust fan according to the monitoring data.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the plurality of battery compartments are formed by multiple partitions vertically spaced apart in the inner cavity of the container cabinet. A gap is provided between the top surface of the partition and the top wall of the container cabinet. A smoke data acquisition line is arranged in the gap along the length of the container cabinet. The top of the partition is also provided with a characteristic gas data acquisition line and the fire-fighting pipeline. The aspirating smoke detector and the temperature and gas composite sensor are respectively connected to the control unit through the smoke data acquisition line and the characteristic gas data acquisition line.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the electromagnetic release mechanism is an electromagnetic gripper, and a lifting ring is provided on the top surface of the battery box, through which the battery box is suspended on the electromagnetic gripper.

[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, the liquid storage plastic bag is made of insulating material.

[0014] This application also provides a fire safety control method for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, comprising the following steps: Real-time monitoring data is obtained for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station. The containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station has a control compartment and multiple battery compartments inside the container. The monitoring data includes the smoke concentration inside the container, the temperature of each battery compartment, the concentration of characteristic gases, and the voltage and temperature of each individual battery. The characteristic gases include CO and H2. Based on the monitoring data, the fire safety system is activated via the control unit. The fire safety system includes a fire extinguishing unit, which includes a fully immersion fire extinguishing device. The fully immersion fire extinguishing device includes a battery compartment housed in each battery compartment. Each battery compartment contains multiple battery clusters. Above each battery compartment is an electromagnetic release mechanism for fixing or releasing the battery compartment. Below each battery compartment is a liquid storage tank with an open top, containing a plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. The bottom surface of each battery compartment has multiple steel spikes. Activating the fire safety system includes: activating an audible and visual alarm, cutting off non-fire-fighting power supplies in the battery compartment, and activating the electromagnetic release mechanism to release the battery compartment.

[0015] In the above technical method, preferably, the multi-level early warning monitoring unit is connected to the control unit, including: The cabin-level monitoring unit includes multiple aspirating smoke detectors installed inside the container to detect the smoke concentration inside the container. The cluster-level monitoring unit includes multiple temperature and gas composite sensors, each corresponding to one of the battery compartments, for detecting the temperature of the battery compartment and the concentration of the characteristic gas. A cell-level monitoring unit, connected to the battery management system, is used to collect the voltage and temperature of the individual cells in real time.

[0016] In the above technical method, preferably, the fire safety system further includes a directional fire extinguishing device, the directional fire extinguishing device comprising: A fire extinguishing agent storage tank is located inside or outside the container body, and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank contains liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple directional nozzles are installed one-to-one in each of the battery compartments; Multiple total flooding nozzles are respectively installed inside the container and located above the directional nozzles; The directional nozzle and the total flooding nozzle are respectively connected to the extinguishing agent storage tank through fire-fighting pipelines; The control unit opens the directional nozzle or the total flooding nozzle based on the monitoring data.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the fire safety system and control method for the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station provided in this application solve the problem of low fire extinguishing speed in the prior art. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Each battery compartment has an electromagnetic release mechanism above the battery pack for securing or releasing it. Below the battery pack is a storage tank containing a plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple steel spikes are located on the bottom of the battery pack. When thermal runaway is detected in a single battery cell within a battery pack, the electromagnetic release mechanism is activated, causing the battery pack to fall into the storage tank within 10 seconds. This punctures the plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent, achieving full immersion fire suppression. This physically isolates the faulty battery, fundamentally preventing damage to other batteries. The fire suppression time is significantly shortened, the response speed is fast, and safety is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly introduced and explained below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 Architecture diagram of the fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station provided by the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in the image; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a fire safety system of a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, in which one of the battery compartments is released and falls into the storage tank. Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the electromagnetic gripper opening.

[0020] Figures 1 to 5 The correspondence between the parts is as follows: Container unit 10; 11 Control compartment, 12 Battery compartment, 13 Partition, 14 Smoke data acquisition line, 15 Characteristic gas data acquisition line, 16 Fire-fighting pipeline, 17 Redundant ventilation and cooling device. Battery compartment 121, electrolyte reservoir 122, electromagnetic gripper 123, crossbar 124, electrolyte storage bag 125, lifting ring 126, steel spike 127. 211 cabin-level monitoring unit, 212 cluster-level monitoring unit, 213 body-level monitoring unit, 214 aspirating smoke detector, and 215 temperature and gas composite sensor. Extinguishing agent storage tank 221, directional nozzle 222, total flooding nozzle 223; Multi-level early warning monitoring unit 210, fire extinguishing unit 220, control unit 230, power supply device 240, battery management system 250. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Existing fire safety systems for containerized lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage power stations mostly employ prefabricated total flooding fire-fighting cabins. These cabins use external water sources and fire-fighting pipelines to flood and submerge the target battery clusters, typically taking several minutes. During this time, the fire can easily spread to other charging lithium iron phosphate batteries, causing the fire to escalate and resulting in greater losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve fire suppression speed.

[0022] In this application, the battery pack is suspended above a liquid storage tank via an electromagnetic release mechanism. The tank contains a plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple steel spikes are located on the bottom of the battery pack. Upon detecting thermal runaway of the battery, the electromagnetic release mechanism opens, releasing the battery pack. The battery pack falls into the liquid storage tank, puncturing the plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent to achieve full immersion fire suppression. This physically isolates the faulty battery, fundamentally preventing damage to other batteries. The system offers rapid response, fast fire suppression, and improved safety.

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To provide a clearer explanation and description of the technical solutions and implementation methods of the present invention, several preferred specific embodiments for implementing the technical solutions of the present invention are described below.

[0025] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "inner" and "outer", "front" and "back" and "left" and "right" in this article are based on the product's usage status, and the use of these directional terms does not limit the scope of protection of this solution.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a fire safety system for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, including a multi-level early warning monitoring unit 210, a fire extinguishing unit 220, and a control unit 230.

[0027] The containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station has a control compartment 11 and multiple battery compartments 12 arranged side-by-side along the length of the container 10. The control unit 230, power supply unit 240, and battery management system (BMS) 250 are all located within the control compartment 11. The container 10 may be equipped with a door (not shown) to protect the control compartment 11 and battery compartments 12.

[0028] Multiple battery compartments 12 are formed by multiple vertically spaced partitions 13 within the interior cavity of the container body 10. A gap is provided between the top surface of the partition 13 and the top wall of the container body 10, and a smoke data acquisition line 14 is installed within this gap along the length of the container body 10. A characteristic gas data acquisition line 15 is also installed on the top of the partition 13. Fire suppression pipes 16 are installed in parallel with the smoke data acquisition line 14 and the characteristic gas data acquisition line 15. The smoke data acquisition line 14, the characteristic gas data acquisition line 15, and the fire suppression pipes 16 are all located above each battery compartment 12 along the length of the container body 10.

[0029] Each battery compartment 12 contains a battery socket 121, which holds multiple individual batteries, forming a battery cluster. Individual batteries can be charged via mains power or solar energy, and once charged, the battery cluster can be used as a mobile power station.

[0030] Fire extinguishing unit 220 includes a fully submersible fire extinguishing system and a directional fire extinguishing system.

[0031] The fully submersible fire extinguishing device is used to automatically detach when thermal runaway of a single battery in the battery compartment 121 is detected, and immerse itself in the liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent in the storage tank 122. This rapidly cools and isolates the burning battery compartment 121, preventing the fire from spreading to other battery compartments 121, improving safety, and providing a fast response.

[0032] Specifically, the fully immersion fire extinguishing device includes an electromagnetic release mechanism for fixing or releasing the battery compartment 121 and a liquid storage tank 122, which is located directly below the battery compartment 121. In this application, the electromagnetic release mechanism uses an electromagnetic gripper 123.

[0033] Each battery compartment 121 is fixedly equipped with a crossbar 124 at its upper part, and an electromagnetic gripper 123 is fixed to the crossbar 124. The upper end of the liquid storage tank 122 is open, and a liquid storage plastic bag 125 filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent is placed inside the tank.

[0034] A lifting ring 126 is provided on the top surface of the battery compartment 121, which is used to suspend the battery compartment 121 from the crossbar 124. The electromagnetic gripper 123 has two relatively openable grippers and can be normally closed. In the default state, the electromagnetic gripper 123 is energized, the two grippers are closed, and the battery compartment 121 is suspended. When thermal runaway is detected, the control unit 230 sends a control signal to cut off the power supply to the electromagnetic gripper 123, the two grippers of the electromagnetic gripper 123 open, and the battery compartment 121 is released.

[0035] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic gripper 123 may also be normally open, and this application does not limit this.

[0036] The bottom surface of the battery compartment 121 is equipped with multiple steel spikes 127. After the electromagnetic gripper 123 is opened and released by the control unit 230, the battery compartment 121 falls downward into the liquid storage tank 122. The steel spikes 127 puncture the liquid storage plastic bag 125, and the liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent in the liquid storage plastic bag 125 fills the liquid storage tank 122, which quickly cools and extinguishes the fire in the battery compartment 121. This ensures that the fire is controlled in the early stage of thermal runaway (temperature <500℃), and prevents the spread of thermal runaway flames, preventing the flames from spreading into adjacent battery compartments, improving safety, and providing a fast response. The solution of this application can reduce the temperature of a faulty battery compartment that has fallen into it from 800℃ to below 120℃ within 10 seconds.

[0037] A drain pipe can be installed at the bottom of the storage tank 122 to release the used extinguishing agent.

[0038] The directional fire suppression system is used for efficient and directional fire suppression and cooling of a confirmed faulty battery compartment, and includes a fire extinguishing agent storage tank 221, multiple directional nozzles 222 and multiple total flooding nozzles 223.

[0039] The extinguishing agent storage tank 221 can be installed inside or outside the container 10, and stores liquid water-based extinguishing agent, which has both efficient cooling and chemical inhibition functions.

[0040] Multiple directional nozzles 222 are installed in the battery compartment 12, corresponding one-to-one with each battery box 121, for extinguishing fires on the battery clusters.

[0041] Multiple total flooding nozzles 223 are installed inside the container body 10 and located above the directional nozzles 222. The total flooding nozzles 223 are used to extinguish fires in multiple battery compartments 12 as a whole.

[0042] This application utilizes a multi-level early warning monitoring unit 210 to detect potential faults in containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power stations in real time and at different levels, and links with the battery management system BMS 250 to achieve fire safety control.

[0043] The multi-level early warning monitoring unit 210 includes a compartment-level monitoring unit 211, a cluster-level monitoring unit 212, and a volume-level monitoring unit 213, which jointly monitor and obtain monitoring data of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station in real time. The monitoring data includes the smoke concentration inside the container 10, the temperature of each battery compartment 12, the concentration of characteristic gases CO and H2, as well as the voltage and temperature of individual batteries.

[0044] Specifically, the compartment-level monitoring unit 211 includes an aspirating smoke detector 214, installed inside the container 10, for detecting early smoke concentration within the container 10. The solution described in this application can detect early smoke at 0.001%obs / m using the aspirating smoke detector 214.

[0045] The cluster-level monitoring unit 212 includes a temperature and gas composite sensor 215, which is set one-to-one with each battery pack 121. It is used to detect characteristic gases (thermal runaway characteristic gases such as CO and H2) and local overheating, so as to achieve accurate location of faulty battery clusters. The temperature monitoring accuracy is ±0.5℃, and the response time of characteristic gas detection is <30s, which can achieve accurate location of anomalies in a single cluster or a single battery pack 121.

[0046] The body-level monitoring unit 213 is connected to the control unit 230 and collects the voltage (accuracy ±10mV) and temperature data (accuracy ±1℃) of the individual cells in real time through the battery management system 250.

[0047] The cabin-level monitoring unit 211, cluster-level monitoring unit 212, and volume-level monitoring unit 213 transmit their respective monitoring data to the control unit 230 in real time. Based on the monitoring data, the control unit 230 activates an audible and visual alarm, cuts off the non-fire-fighting power supply in the battery compartment 12, and opens the directional sprinkler head 222 or the total flooding sprinkler head 223, or opens the electromagnetic gripper 123 to release the battery box 121.

[0048] Specifically, when the temperature and gas composite sensor 215 detects that the temperature or characteristic gas concentration of a certain battery compartment 12 is greater than the set value, the control unit 230 controls the corresponding directional nozzle 222 to open and spray the extinguishing agent to carry out fire extinguishing on the corresponding battery compartment 12.

[0049] When the aspirating smoke detector 214 detects flames or smoke, the control unit 230 controls the total flooding nozzle 223 to open, spraying extinguishing agent to quickly extinguish the flames in the battery compartment 12.

[0050] When the control unit 230 receives the superimposed alarm signals from the cluster-level monitoring unit 212 (e.g., CO concentration continuously exceeding 50 ppm) and the BMS 250, it determines that the battery compartment 121 has experienced thermal runaway and immediately disconnects the power supply to the electromagnetic gripper 123 of the battery compartment 121. The electromagnetic gripper 123 automatically opens under the action of the spring, releasing the faulty battery compartment 121. The faulty battery compartment 121 falls into the liquid storage tank 122 below by gravity. The steel spikes 127 at its bottom puncture the liquid storage plastic bag 125, releasing the liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent and filling the liquid storage tank 122. This completely immerses the battery compartment 121 in the fire extinguishing agent, achieving rapid cooling and physical isolation, effectively preventing the fire from spreading to other battery compartments 121.

[0051] Considering that lithium iron phosphate batteries release oxygen during thermal runaway (decomposition products include Li3PO4 and O2), traditional water or dry powder fire extinguishing agents are ineffective in suppressing reignition. This application proposes a liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent to immerse the burning battery compartment in water. This agent not only possesses excellent heat absorption capacity (cooling efficiency twice that of water) but also interrupts the combustion chain reaction through chemical inhibition, fundamentally solving the reignition problem.

[0052] In addition, the container 10 is equipped with redundant ventilation and cooling devices 17, including a low-power axial flow fan used to maintain the internal temperature during normal operation and an explosion-proof exhaust fan activated in case of fire. The low-power axial flow fan has an air volume of 500 m³ / h, which can stably control the internal temperature at 25±5℃; in the event of a fire, the system closes the air inlet and activates the explosion-proof exhaust fan (air volume 2000 m³ / h) to quickly remove hot smoke and combustible gases, preventing the accumulation of high-temperature combustible gases inside the compartment and the formation of an explosive environment, thereby preventing secondary disasters.

[0053] This application also provides a control method for the fire safety system of the above-mentioned containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, including the following steps: Real-time monitoring is used to acquire monitoring data of a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station. The power station's container cabinet contains a control compartment and multiple battery compartments. The monitoring data includes the smoke concentration inside the container cabinet, as well as the temperature, characteristic gas concentration, individual battery voltage, and individual battery temperature of each battery compartment. The characteristic gases include CO and H2. Based on the monitoring data, the fire safety system is activated via the control unit. The fire safety system includes a fire extinguishing unit, which includes a fully immersion fire extinguishing device. The fully immersion fire extinguishing device includes a battery compartment housed in each battery compartment, with multiple battery clusters inside. An electromagnetic release mechanism for fixing or releasing the battery compartment is located above it. A liquid storage tank is located below the battery compartment, with an open top and a plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent inside. Multiple steel spikes are provided on the bottom surface of the battery compartment. Activating the fire safety system includes: activating the audible and visual alarms, cutting off non-fire-fighting power supplies in the battery compartment, and activating the electromagnetic release mechanism to release the battery pack.

[0054] The specific structure and working principle of the fire safety system have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0055] As can be seen from the above specific embodiments, the fire safety system and control method of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station provided by the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: First, each battery compartment is equipped with an electromagnetic release mechanism at the top and a liquid storage tank at the bottom. The storage tank contains a plastic bag filled with liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent, and the bottom of the battery compartment is equipped with steel spikes. When thermal runaway of a single battery in a battery compartment is detected, the electromagnetic release mechanism opens, causing the battery compartment to fall into the storage tank. The steel spikes puncture the plastic bag, releasing the fire extinguishing agent and soaking the battery compartment, achieving physical isolation and deep fire suppression. This design physically removes the "fire source" of thermal runaway from its original location, forming an independent fire-resistant isolation zone. This effectively blocks the chain spread of thermal runaway within and between clusters, minimizing the impact of the accident to a single battery compartment. It enables early detection, precise extinguishing, and prevention of the spread of battery thermal runaway, significantly shortening the fire suppression time and improving response speed and system safety.

[0056] Secondly, through a precise prevention and control mechanism that integrates "monitoring, early warning, suppression, and isolation," it solves the problems of traditional fire protection schemes being unable to effectively suppress reignition and lacking precise positioning capabilities, making it particularly suitable for high-energy-density lithium iron phosphate energy storage power stations.

[0057] Third, by integrating cabin-level smoke detection, cluster-level temperature / gas, and individual-level BMS data, and combining multi-dimensional parameters such as smoke, temperature, and characteristic gases, a three-level linkage early warning system of "cabin-cluster-individual" is constructed to achieve very early identification of thermal runaway and accurate location of the fault source, thus winning a critical time window for emergency intervention.

[0058] Fourth, the use of liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent to continuously immerse the faulty battery packs that have fallen into the storage tank combines efficient cooling and chemical inhibition, fundamentally overcoming the technical challenge of thermal runaway and easy re-ignition of lithium iron phosphate batteries.

[0059] Fifth, the fire protection system is deeply integrated with the BMS and multi-level early warning monitoring units, and each detection level can independently trigger fire extinguishing actions, forming a multi-redundant protection mechanism with high system reliability.

[0060] Sixth, redundant ventilation and cooling devices effectively exhaust hot flue gas and combustible gases, preventing the formation of explosive environments and significantly reducing the risk of secondary disasters.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," and any variations thereof as used herein are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, meaning that the described process, method, article, or apparatus may include not only the expressly listed elements but also other elements not expressly specified but inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specifically limited, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the possibility that other identical elements may be present in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0062] This application is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Any equivalent structural or methodological changes made by anyone inspired by this invention, provided that their technical solutions are the same as or similar to those of this invention, shall fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A fire safety system for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, wherein the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station has a control compartment and multiple battery compartments inside the container, and the power supply device, battery management system and control unit are respectively installed in the control compartment, characterized in that, The fire safety system includes: The fire extinguishing unit includes a fully submersible fire extinguishing device, which includes a battery compartment housed in each battery compartment. An electromagnetic release mechanism for fixing or releasing the battery compartment is provided above the battery compartment. A liquid storage tank is provided below the battery compartment. The upper end of the liquid storage tank is open and contains a liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent-filled plastic bag. Multiple steel spikes are provided on the bottom surface of the battery compartment. A multi-level early warning monitoring unit is used to monitor and obtain the monitoring data of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station in real time. The monitoring data includes the smoke concentration inside the container, the temperature of each battery compartment, the concentration of characteristic gases, and the voltage and temperature of each individual battery cell. The characteristic gases include CO and H2. The control unit is used to cut off the non-fire-fighting power supply in the battery compartment based on the monitoring data, and to activate the electromagnetic release mechanism to release the battery pack.

2. The fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire safety system also includes a directional fire extinguishing device, which comprises: A fire extinguishing agent storage tank is located inside or outside the container body, and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank contains liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple directional nozzles are installed one-to-one in each of the battery compartments; Multiple total flooding nozzles are respectively installed inside the container and located above the directional nozzles; The directional nozzle and the total flooding nozzle are respectively connected to the extinguishing agent storage tank through fire-fighting pipelines; The control unit opens the directional nozzle or the total flooding nozzle based on the monitoring data.

3. The fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level early warning monitoring unit is connected to the control unit and includes: The cabin-level monitoring unit includes multiple aspirating smoke detectors installed inside the container to detect the smoke concentration inside the container. The cluster-level monitoring unit includes multiple temperature and gas composite sensors, each corresponding to one of the battery compartments, for detecting the temperature of the battery compartment and the concentration of the characteristic gas. A cell-level monitoring unit, connected to the battery management system, is used to collect the voltage and temperature of the individual cells in real time.

4. The fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The container is also equipped with redundant ventilation and cooling devices, including a low-power axial flow fan and an explosion-proof exhaust fan. The control unit starts the low-power axial flow fan or the explosion-proof exhaust fan according to the monitoring data.

5. The fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple battery compartments are formed by multiple vertically spaced partitions arranged in the inner cavity of the container body. There is a gap between the top surface of the partition and the top wall of the container body. A smoke data acquisition line is arranged in the gap along the length of the container body. The top of the partition is also provided with a characteristic gas data acquisition line and the fire-fighting pipeline. The aspirating smoke detector and the temperature and gas composite sensor are respectively connected to the control unit through the smoke data acquisition line and the characteristic gas data acquisition line.

6. The fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic release mechanism is an electromagnetic gripper, and a lifting ring is provided on the top surface of the battery box, through which the battery box is suspended on the electromagnetic gripper.

7. The fire safety system of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-retaining plastic bag is made of insulating material.

8. A fire safety control method for a containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The monitoring data of the containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station is obtained through real-time monitoring. The containerized electrochemical battery energy storage power station has a control compartment and multiple battery compartments inside the container cabinet. The monitoring data includes the smoke concentration inside the container cabinet, the temperature of each battery compartment, the concentration of characteristic gases, the voltage of each individual battery, and the temperature of each individual battery. The characteristic gases include CO and H2. Based on the monitoring data, the fire safety system is activated via the control unit. The fire safety system includes a fire extinguishing unit, which includes a fully submersible fire extinguishing device. The fully submersible fire extinguishing device includes a battery compartment housed in each battery compartment. The battery compartment contains multiple battery clusters. An electromagnetic release mechanism for fixing or releasing the battery compartment is located above the battery compartment. A liquid storage tank is located below the battery compartment. The upper end of the liquid storage tank is open and contains a liquid-filled plastic bag containing a liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple steel spikes are located on the bottom surface of the battery compartment. Activating the fire safety system includes: activating the audible and visual alarm, cutting off the non-fire-fighting power supply in the battery compartment, and activating the electromagnetic release mechanism to release the battery pack.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fire safety system includes a multi-level early warning monitoring unit, which is connected to the control unit and includes: The cabin-level monitoring unit includes multiple aspirating smoke detectors installed inside the container to detect the smoke concentration inside the container. The cluster-level monitoring unit includes multiple temperature and gas composite sensors, each corresponding to one of the battery compartments, for detecting the temperature of the battery compartment and the concentration of the characteristic gas. A cell-level monitoring unit, connected to the battery management system, is used to collect the voltage and temperature of the individual cells in real time.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fire safety system also includes a directional fire extinguishing device, which comprises: A fire extinguishing agent storage tank is located inside or outside the container body, and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank contains liquid water-based fire extinguishing agent. Multiple directional nozzles are installed one-to-one in each of the battery compartments; Multiple total flooding nozzles are respectively installed inside the container and located above the directional nozzles; The directional nozzle and the total flooding nozzle are respectively connected to the extinguishing agent storage tank through fire-fighting pipelines; The control unit opens the directional nozzle or the total flooding nozzle based on the monitoring data.

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