Preparation method of composite bio-enzyme for air purification

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of air purification, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a composite bioenzyme for air purification. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a weathered product of volcanic rock and deep-sea deposits, and obtaining a mineral powder after treatment; mixing freeze-dried bamboo leaves, coltsfoot flowers, whole plants of wormwood, branches and leaves of rosemary, stems and leaves of sesame, and petals of cherry blossoms, and sequentially performing low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction and water extraction-microwave auxiliary extraction to obtain plant extract; mixing a mineral suspension prepared from the mineral powder, the plant extract and a fungus suspension, and performing fermentation in a fermentation medium; after the fermentation is completed, centrifugal separation is performed on solid phase and liquid phase, and then the solid phase and the liquid phase are mixed again to obtain the composite bioenzyme. The application breaks through the limitation of single enzyme preparation, and through the synergistic effect of a mineral carrier, plant extract and microbial fermentation, a multi-enzyme composite system is constructed, which can simultaneously degrade various gaseous pollutants such as ammonia and formaldehyde, and has a bacteriostatic function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of air purification technology, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a composite bio-enzyme for air purification. Background Technology

[0003] Current mainstream air purification methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as limited functionality, secondary pollution, or insufficient efficiency: ventilation can easily introduce outdoor pollutants on smoggy days and cannot address long-term pollutants like formaldehyde that are slowly released; HEPA filters can only intercept particulate matter, requiring frequent replacement and incurring high costs; and folk remedies such as using plants to absorb pollutants or covering them with grapefruit peels have negligible actual purification efficiency. Even in the field of biological purification, traditional single-enzyme preparations suffer from poor environmental adaptability, short catalytic cycles, and narrow functional coverage. For example, the activity of a single formaldehyde-degrading enzyme drops sharply at low temperatures and cannot simultaneously treat ammonia and microbial pollution, making it difficult to meet the needs of complex scenarios.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, it is necessary to develop a multifunctional and green composite purification technology to achieve the simultaneous and efficient removal of ammonia, formaldehyde, and bacteria. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite bio-enzyme for air purification, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes: According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a composite bio-enzyme for air purification is provided, comprising the following steps: Volcanic rock weathering products and deep-sea sediments are mixed, and then subjected to plasma treatment, drying, and pulverization to D90 < 10 μm to obtain mineral powder. Freeze-dried bamboo leaves, coltsfoot flowers, whole mugwort plant, rosemary branches and leaves, sesame stems and leaves, and cherry blossom petals were mixed and subjected to low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction and water extraction-microwave-assisted extraction in sequence to obtain plant extracts. The mineral suspension made from the mineral powder, the plant extract, and the bacterial suspension are mixed and fermented in a fermentation medium. After fermentation, the solid and liquid phases are separated by centrifugation, and then the solid and liquid phases are remixed to obtain the composite bioenzyme.

[0007] Furthermore, the particle size of the volcanic rock weathering products is <2 mm; the deep-sea sediments include any one or more combinations of shell fragments, organic matter, and layered silicate minerals.

[0008] Furthermore, the conditions for the low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction are: extraction pressure 30 MPa, temperature 40 °C, time 2 h, with ethanol added as an entrainer; the conditions for the water extraction-microwave assisted extraction are: material-liquid ratio 1:20 w / v, temperature 60 °C, water bath for 2 h, with intermittent microwave radiation applied.

[0009] Furthermore, the fermentation medium contains sucrose, corn steep liquor, KH2PO4, and MgSO4·7H2O, with the initial pH adjusted to 6-7; the fermentation time is 2-3 days; a stabilizer and a preservative are added during the remixing process, the stabilizer including sodium alginate and the preservative including potassium sorbate.

[0010] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a pet odor removal spray is provided, comprising a composite bio-enzyme prepared by any of the methods described above, as well as N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan and mesoporous silica nanoparticles; wherein the composite bio-enzyme is loaded onto the mesoporous silica nanoparticles and compounded with N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan.

[0011] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a formaldehyde removal spray is provided, comprising a composite bio-enzyme prepared by any of the methods described herein, as well as nano-TiO2 and an acid-modified imine polymer or acylhydrazine polymer.

[0012] Furthermore, the acid-modified imine polymer undergoes nucleophilic addition with formaldehyde under acidic conditions through its protonated amine group, and further forms a stable Mannich base, thereby achieving irreversible fixation of formaldehyde.

[0013] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an antibacterial and antistatic spray is provided, comprising a composite bioenzyme prepared by any of the methods described above, as well as a cationic bactericide and an antistatic agent.

[0014] Furthermore, the cationic bactericide is polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, and the antistatic agent is polyether-modified polysiloxane or hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride; the polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride binds to negatively charged microorganisms through its positively charged sites and destroys their cell membranes, while the composite bioenzyme inhibits microbial regeneration for a long time through its enzyme active components.

[0015] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a composite bioenzyme prepared by any of the above methods is provided for the simultaneous removal of ammonia, formaldehyde and inhibition of microorganisms, wherein the composite bioenzyme adsorbs harmful molecules through active groups on its surface and catalytically decomposes the harmful molecules through active centers inside its interior.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include: This invention provides a method for preparing a composite bio-enzyme for air purification, overcoming the limitations of single enzyme preparations. Through the synergistic effect of mineral carriers, plant extracts, and microbial fermentation, a multi-enzyme composite system is constructed, capable of simultaneously degrading multiple gaseous pollutants such as ammonia and formaldehyde, while also possessing antibacterial properties. By introducing natural mineral materials and plant extracts, this invention enhances the environmental adaptability of the enzyme preparation, maintaining high activity across a wide temperature and humidity range. A series of spray formulations have been developed for different application scenarios, achieving professional treatment of pet odors, formaldehyde in newly renovated homes, and static electricity and microbial contamination in electronic workshops. Furthermore, the functional components added to each spray form a synergistic effect with the composite bio-enzyme, significantly improving the removal efficiency of pollutants. For example, the acidified imine polymer in the formaldehyde removal spray can increase the formaldehyde removal rate to over 99%, and the N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan in the pet odor removal spray increases the ammonia removal rate by over 30%. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a 1.5m³ sealed test chamber; Figure 2 The graph shows the removal rate of ammonia by the compound bio-enzyme spray as a function of time. Figure 3 The graph shows the formaldehyde removal rate of the compound bio-enzyme spray as a function of time. Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the mechanism of action of the compound biological enzyme of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The following will further explain and illustrate the technical solution, its implementation process, and its principles.

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials used in the following embodiments are commercially available.

[0021] This invention provides a method for preparing a composite bio-enzyme for air purification, comprising the following steps: mixing volcanic rock weathering products and deep-sea sediments, subjecting them to plasma treatment, drying, and pulverizing to D90 < 10 μm to obtain mineral powder; mixing freeze-dried bamboo leaves, coltsfoot flowers, whole Artemisia argyi plants, rosemary branches and leaves, sesame stems and leaves, and cherry blossom petals, and sequentially performing low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction and water extraction-microwave assisted extraction to obtain plant extracts; mixing the mineral suspension made from the mineral powder, the plant extracts, and the bacterial suspension, fermenting them in a fermentation medium, centrifuging to separate the solid and liquid phases after fermentation, and then remixing the solid and liquid phases to obtain the composite bio-enzyme.

[0022] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed discussion is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1: Preparation of composite bioenzyme Volcanic rock weathering products (particle size <2 mm) and deep-sea sediments (containing shell fragments, organic matter, and layered silicate minerals such as montmorillonite and illite) were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:2. Surface impurities were treated with low-temperature plasma, and the mixture was dried to constant weight at 60°C. Then, it was pulverized using an air-jet mill-ball milling technique to a D90 <10 μm to obtain mineral powder with a high specific surface area. A 5% (w / v) suspension was prepared with deionized water, and sodium citrate was added as a dispersant to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.2.

[0024] Freeze-dried bamboo leaves, coltsfoot flowers, whole Artemisia argyi, rosemary branches and leaves, sesame stems and leaves, and cherry blossom petals were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1:1:1 and first cryogenically pulverized at -40℃. Then, low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction was performed: extraction pressure 30 MPa, temperature 40℃, time 2 h, with 5% ethanol added as an entrainer. The extraction residue was added to deionized water (solid-to-liquid ratio 1:20 w / v), and the mixture was in a water bath at 60℃ for 2 h, while intermittent microwave radiation was applied (5 min every 30 min). The aqueous extract was concentrated to a solids content of 15% (w / w) to obtain a plant active extract. The two phases were combined and filtered through a 0.1 μm ceramic membrane to obtain the plant extract.

[0025] The above mineral suspension, plant extract, and bacterial suspension were added to a 50L aseptic fermentation tank at a volume ratio of 3:2:1. A base fermentation broth (containing 20 g / L sucrose, 5 g / L corn steep liquor, 2 g / L KH₂PO₄, and 0.5 g / L MgSO₄·7H₂O) was added, and the volume was brought to 100%. The initial pH was adjusted to 6-7, and ammonia was purged for 15 minutes to remove headspace oxygen. During the 2-3 day fermentation process, pH, redox potential, and enzyme activity were monitored online. After fermentation, the solid and liquid phases were separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The solid and liquid phases were remixed at a 1:1 (w / v) ratio, and 0.5% food-grade sodium alginate was added as a stabilizer, along with 0.1% potassium sorbate as a preservative. The final product had a total enzyme activity >5000 U / g (based on protease equivalent) and contained >250 ppm of natural trace elements such as Zn, Mn, and Se.

[0026] Example 2: Preparation of Pet Odor Removal Spray Take 100 mL of the composite bio-enzyme prepared in Example 1, mix it with 10 mg of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and shake to adsorb for 2 hours to form composite bio-enzyme@SiO2 nanoparticles. Mix 10 mL of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan with 2 mL of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), heat to 40°C, stir evenly, and then cool to room temperature. Slowly add the above composite bio-enzyme@SiO2 nanoparticle dispersion while stirring at low speed. Mix the oily fragrance and emulsifier Tween 20 in a 1:2 ratio evenly, and slowly add it dropwise to the above mixed solution while stirring at medium speed to obtain the pet odor removal spray.

[0027] In this embodiment, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan has abundant bifunctional carboxyl and amine groups. The carboxyl group (-COOH) is weakly acidic and undergoes an ionic bonding reaction with basic NH3 (-COOH + NH3 → -COONH4). Simultaneously, the carboxyl group forms hydrogen bonds with NH3 for adsorption, thus enhancing the ammonia removal effect through a dual effect. The free amine group (-NH2) retained in the molecule is weakly basic and undergoes an acid-base reaction with acidic H2S (-NH2 + H2S → -NH3). + HS - The chemisorption selectivity for H2S is higher than that for physisorption.

[0028] Example 3: Preparation of formaldehyde removal spray Take 70 mL of the composite bio-enzyme prepared in Example 1 and mix it evenly with a uniformly dispersed nano-TiO2 dispersion (particle size <10 nm) using ultrasound. Add 10 mL of imine polymer or 10 mL of hydrazide polymer to the above solution, stir evenly, and after more than 10 minutes, add 5 mL of a mixed solution of propylene glycol and ethanol, stir and slowly heat to 40°C for later use. Mix the oily fragrance and emulsifier evenly in a 1:2 ratio, and slowly add it dropwise to the above mixed solution, stirring evenly at medium speed to obtain the formaldehyde removal spray.

[0029] In this embodiment, the acid-modified imine polymer efficiently removes formaldehyde through a synergistic effect of "nucleophilic addition of protonated amine groups + imine ion-mediated condensation locking + physical adsorption": protonated amine groups (-NH3) + / -NH2 + The hydroxyl group attacks the carbonyl carbon of formaldehyde, forming an unstable hydroxyl intermediate (-NH-CH2-OH); under acidification conditions, the hydroxyl group is protonated and dehydrated to generate a stable imine ion intermediate (-NH). + =CH2), imine ions, acting as strong electrophiles, undergo condensation reactions with other unreacted amine groups in the polymer molecule to form stable Mannich bases containing CNC bonds, thus achieving irreversible fixation of formaldehyde molecules. Compared to unacidified imine polymers, the imine ion formation rate increases 3-5 times after acidification, and the formaldehyde removal rate increases to over 99%.

[0030] Example 4: Preparation of antibacterial and antistatic spray Method 1: Dissolve 0.25g of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride in 100mL of water to prepare a cationic solution. Add 50mL of the composite bio-enzyme prepared in Example 1 to the cationic solution and stir until homogeneous. After 10 minutes, add 0.5%-1% of a polyether-modified polysiloxane mixed solution, stir, and slowly heat to 40℃ for later use. Mix the oily fragrance and emulsifier Tween 20 in a 1:2 ratio until homogeneous, and slowly add the mixture dropwise to the above mixed solution while stirring at medium speed until homogeneous.

[0031] Method 2: Dissolve 20 mL of isopropanol and 0.2 g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and heat to 40 °C until dissolved and transparent. Add 60 mL of the composite enzyme prepared in Example 1 to the above transparent solution and stir well. After 10 minutes, add 5 mL of a mixed solution of propylene glycol and ethanol, stir, and slowly heat to 40 °C for later use. Mix the oily fragrance and emulsifier Tween 20 in a 1:2 ratio, and slowly add it dropwise to the above mixed solution while stirring at medium speed until homogeneous.

[0032] In this embodiment, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) ionizes in aqueous solution to form dense positively charged sites, which bind to the negatively charged cell walls / membranes of microorganisms to form a stable adsorption complex. The polymer chains of PHMB can gradually penetrate into the cell membrane of microorganisms, forming "charge channels" on the cell membrane surface and disrupting the cell membrane integrity. After stability modification, the active components of the complex bioenzyme (protease, lipase, lysozyme, etc.) can maintain their activity for 1-2 weeks under common indoor environments (temperature 15-35℃, humidity 40%-70%), forming a synergistic effect of "rapid sterilization-long-lasting antibacterial" with PHMB.

[0033] Experiment 1: Ammonia Removal Performance Test At room temperature, 500 g of the pet odor-removing spray prepared in Example 2 was weighed into a 1000 mL beaker and sprayed evenly in three applications onto three 1 m² sheets of base paper. After air drying, the paper was placed in a container as described above. Figure 1 The test chamber, measuring 1.5 m³, was prepared by adding a 0.2% ammonia-ethanol solution to a beaker and immediately sealing the chamber opening to achieve an ammonia concentration of 2.12 mg / m³. After standing for 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, the ammonia concentration was measured using a PTM600 multi-gas analyzer. For the blank chamber test, only an equal volume of ammonia-ethanol solution was added; all other procedures were the same. The experiment was repeated three times. The average result was taken as the final ammonia concentration when the parallel difference was less than 0.02 mg / m³.

[0034] The ammonia removal rate is calculated using the formula: (y0 - y) / y0 × 100%, where y0 is the final ammonia concentration in the blank test and y is the final ammonia concentration in the deodorizing agent test. Test results show that the ammonia removal rate reaches 83.2% after 1 hour of action, and gradually increases to 97.5% after 24 hours as the action time increases. The adsorption curve is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0035] Experiment 2: Formaldehyde Removal Performance Test Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, 500g of the formaldehyde removal spray prepared in Example 3 was weighed into a 1000mL beaker and evenly sprayed three times onto three 1m² sheets of base paper. After air drying, the paper was placed in a 1.5m³ test chamber. A 0.2% formaldehyde-ethanol solution was added to the beaker, and the test chamber opening was immediately sealed to bring the formaldehyde concentration inside the test chamber to 1.10mg / m³. After standing for 1h, 2h, 6h, 12h, and 24h, the formaldehyde concentration inside the test chamber was measured using a PTM600 composite gas analyzer. For the blank chamber test, only an equal amount of formaldehyde-ethanol solution was added, and the other operations were the same. The experiment was repeated three times. When the parallel difference was less than 0.02mg / m³, the average result was taken as the final formaldehyde concentration.

[0036] The formaldehyde removal rate is calculated using the formula: (y0 - y) / y0 × 100%, where y0 is the final formaldehyde concentration in the blank test and y is the final formaldehyde concentration in the deodorizer test. Test results show that the formaldehyde removal rate reaches 82% after 1 hour of action, and gradually increases to 99% after 24 hours as the action time increases. The adsorption curve is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0037] Experiment 3: Sterilization Performance Test Inactivation tests for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were conducted according to the testing methods specified in the "Disinfection Technical Specifications". Standard strains were revived, incubated at 37℃ for 18-24 hours, and colonies were washed off with physiological saline to prepare 5×10⁻⁶ samples. 5 -5×10 6 CFU / mL bacterial suspension. Take 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension and 4.5 mL of the antibacterial and antistatic spray prepared in Example 4, and incubate at 37°C for the specified times (60 min, 120 min, 180 min). Immediately add 1 mL of the mixture to 9 mL of neutralizing agent, mix well to terminate the reaction, and then serially dilute (10... 0 -10 -4 Spread 0.1 mL onto nutrient agar (blood agar for Staphylococcus aureus), incubate at 37°C for 24 h (24-48 h for Staphylococcus aureus), count the colonies (CFU / mL), and calculate the sterilization rate.

[0038] The E. coli test results showed that the colony count in the positive control group was 3.9 × 10⁻⁶. 4 -4.5×10 4 The CFU / mL concentration was <1 CFU / mL in the experimental group, with a sterilization rate >99.9999% and an average logarithmic kill value >6.62. The Staphylococcus aureus test results showed that the colony count in the positive control group was 5.4 × 10⁻⁶. 6 -6.2×10 6 The bacterial count in the experimental group was <1 CFU / mL, the sterilization rate was >99.9999%, and the average log kill value was >6.76.

[0039] Experiment 4: Mechanism of Action Analysis Based on the application scenarios of atomization technology, the core mechanism of the composite bio-enzyme in this invention to achieve air purification can be divided into three stages, such as... Figure 4 As shown: (1) Adsorption and capture stage: After atomization, the bio-enzyme is dispersed in the air in the form of tiny droplets. The active groups on its molecular surface (such as hydroxyl, amino, etc.) and harmful molecules in the air (such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc.) form a temporary bond through intermolecular forces, thereby achieving efficient capture of harmful molecules.

[0040] (2) Catalytic decomposition stage: The active center inside the biological enzyme molecule reduces the reaction activation energy and destroys chemical bonds in a targeted manner. Through proton transfer, electron transfer and other actions, it destroys the stable chemical bonds of harmful molecules in a targeted manner, causing irreversible changes in their molecular structure and gradually decomposing them into small molecule intermediate products.

[0041] (3) Product release stage: After the harmful molecules are completely decomposed into harmless small molecule products (such as carbon dioxide and water), the binding force between these products and the active center of the biological enzyme is greatly weakened, and they automatically detach from the active center, and the biological enzyme enters the next round of adsorption-decomposition cycle.

[0042] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make other modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a composite bio-enzyme for air purification, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Volcanic rock weathering products and deep-sea sediments are mixed, and then subjected to plasma treatment, drying, and pulverization to D90 < 10 μm to obtain mineral powder. Freeze-dried bamboo leaves, coltsfoot flowers, whole mugwort plant, rosemary branches and leaves, sesame stems and leaves, and cherry blossom petals were mixed and subjected to low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction and water extraction-microwave-assisted extraction in sequence to obtain plant extracts. The mineral suspension made from the mineral powder, the plant extract, and the bacterial suspension are mixed and fermented in a fermentation medium. After fermentation, the solid and liquid phases are separated by centrifugation, and then the solid and liquid phases are remixed to obtain the composite bioenzyme.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the volcanic rock weathering products is <2 mm; the deep-sea sediments include any one or more combinations of shell fragments, organic matter, and layered silicate minerals.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for the low-temperature supercritical CO2 extraction are: extraction pressure 30 MPa, temperature 40℃, time 2 h, with ethanol added as an entrainer; the conditions for the water extraction-microwave assisted extraction are: material-liquid ratio 1:20 w / v, temperature 60℃, water bath for 2 h, with intermittent microwave radiation applied.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation medium contains sucrose, corn steep liquor, KH2PO4, and MgSO4·7H2O, with the initial pH adjusted to 6-7; the fermentation time is 2-3 days; a stabilizer and a preservative are added during the remixing process, the stabilizer including sodium alginate and the preservative including potassium sorbate.

5. A pet odor-removing spray, characterized in that, The invention comprises a composite bioenzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-3, as well as N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan and mesoporous silica nanoparticles; wherein the composite bioenzyme is loaded onto the mesoporous silica nanoparticles and compounded with N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan.

6. A formaldehyde removal spray, characterized in that, It comprises a composite bioenzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-3, as well as nano-TiO2 and acid-modified imine polymer or acylhydrazine polymer.

7. The formaldehyde removal spray according to claim 6, characterized in that, The acid-modified imine polymer undergoes nucleophilic addition with formaldehyde under acidic conditions via its protonated amine group, further forming a stable Mannich base, thereby achieving irreversible fixation of formaldehyde.

8. An antibacterial and antistatic spray, characterized in that, It comprises a composite bioenzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-3, as well as a cationic bactericide and an antistatic agent.

9. The antibacterial and antistatic spray according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cationic bactericide is polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, and the antistatic agent is polyether-modified polysiloxane or hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. The polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride binds to negatively charged microorganisms and destroys their cell membranes through its positively charged sites, while the composite bioenzyme inhibits microbial regeneration for a long time through its enzyme active components.

10. The application of a composite bioenzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-3 in the simultaneous removal of ammonia, formaldehyde, and inhibition of microorganisms, characterized in that, The composite bioenzyme adsorbs harmful molecules through its surface active groups and catalytically decomposes the harmful molecules through its internal active center.

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