Laminated glass, projection system, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides laminated glass, a projection system and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass sheet, an intermediate bonding layer, a second glass sheet and a functional layer. The application sets a first wedge and a second wedge to make the reflected main image, the glass sheet reflected secondary image and the functional layer reflected secondary image coincide, and adopts the functional layer with high internal reflectivity of P-polarized light to cooperate with the projection light, so that when directly observing the image display area, the reflected image is mainly composed of S-polarized light of the reflected main image, S-polarized light of the glass sheet reflected secondary image and the functional layer reflected secondary image, the display image is bright and clear in the conventional scene, and the light efficiency is high. When wearing polarized glasses, since the polarized glasses can filter most of the S-polarized light and the functional layer has high internal reflectivity of P-polarized light, the reflected image will mainly be the P-light reflected image of the functional layer. The application can consider both the conventional scene and the special scene, and clear display images can be observed, so that the safety of driving is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of laminated glass technology, specifically relating to laminated glass, projection systems, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the application of vehicle head-up displays (HUDs), drivers can reduce the need to look down at the dashboard or related information, making it easier for them to switch their eyes between near and far objects. This reduces the need to look down at the dashboard, allowing drivers to concentrate their attention on the road and improving driving safety.

[0003] The HUD optical path is as follows: Image information is projected onto the image display area by a projection device. The projected light is reflected by the inner surface of the laminated glass and enters the human eye to form the primary image. However, since the laminated glass is a transparent medium, a secondary reflective ghost image is also formed after reflection by the outer surface of the laminated glass into the human eye. This is also known as a reflection ghost or a secondary image reflected by the glass plate.

[0004] Meanwhile, to provide vehicles with good heat insulation and functions such as heated windshields to remove rain and snow, laminated glass typically integrates the functional layer onto the glass. Since the functional layer, being made of metal, usually has a different refractive index than the glass sheet, it not only blocks solar energy but also creates a secondary image reflected by the functional layer. The driver will simultaneously see multiple nearly overlapping images composed of the primary image, the secondary image reflected by the glass sheet, and the secondary image reflected by the functional layer. This results in a blurred, color-distorted image, a feeling of dizziness, a poor driving experience, and compromised driving safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a laminated glass, the laminated glass comprising a first glass plate, an intermediate adhesive layer, and a second glass plate stacked sequentially, and the laminated glass further comprising a functional layer; The first glass plate includes a first surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer and a second surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer; the second glass plate includes a third surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer and a fourth surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The functional layer is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; The laminated glass has an image display area, and at least within the area of ​​the image display area, a first wedge is formed between the first surface and the fourth surface, and a second wedge is formed between the functional layer and the fourth surface, wherein the first wedge is not equal to the second wedge; The projected light includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light, and the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is... ≥4.5%.

[0006] The first wedge is provided by at least two of the first glass plate, the intermediate adhesive layer, and the second glass plate; The second wedge shape is provided by at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer and the second glass plate.

[0007] The second wedge is provided by the second glass plate, and the wedge angle of the second wedge is ≤0.295mrad.

[0008] Wherein, the first wedge and / or the second wedge are fixed wedges with a fixed wedge angle; Alternatively, the first wedge and / or the second wedge may be a variable wedge with a linear or non-linear change in wedge angle.

[0009] Wherein, the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate have a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate has a first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 in the image display area, and the first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm.

[0010] The intermediate adhesive layer has a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer has a second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 within the image display area. The second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 satisfies the following condition: 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm.

[0011] The S-polarized light accounts for 30% to 70% of the projected light.

[0012] The functional layer has a composite reflection spectrum for S-polarized and P-polarized light. The composite reflectance spectrum In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectivity, PV1, is ≤20%.

[0013] Among them, the composite reflectance spectrum The following conditions must be met: ; in, The composite reflection spectrum of the functional layer for S-polarized and P-polarized light. The proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light ray. The internal reflectance of the functional layer for S-polarized light is given by [the value of the layer]. The internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is given by [reference to a specific parameter]. The spectral reflectance of S-polarized light on the surface of the second glass plate opposite to the intermediate adhesive layer is given. The spectral reflectance of P-polarized light on the surface of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer is denoted as .

[0014] When the image display area is viewed using polarized glasses, the visible light reflectance ratio CR2 of the functional layer reflective sub-image of the image display area relative to the reflective primary image is ≥3, and the polarized glasses are used to filter S-polarized light.

[0015] The visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is... ≥6%.

[0016] Specifically, for light with a wavelength of 460nm, the functional layer has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 460nm ≥2%; For light with a wavelength of 540 nm, the functional layer has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 540nm ≥2%; For light with a wavelength of 630 nm, the functional layer has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 630nm ≥2%.

[0017] The functional layer has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the wavelength range of 450nm to 630nm, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV2, is ≤12%.

[0018] The functional layer has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV2, is ≥3%.

[0019] Wherein, the functional layer reflective sub-image satisfies at least one of the following: The |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤20; The |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤20; The chroma C of the functional layer reflective subimage * ab ≥20; The hue angle h of the functional layer's reflective subimage ab The range is 10° to 225°.

[0020] The incident angle β of the projected light ray satisfies the following condition: 40°≤β≤68°.

[0021] The thickness of the second glass plate is ≤2.1mm.

[0022] Wherein, at least within the area of ​​the image display area, a coloring material is provided between the first surface and the functional layer, and the visible light transmittance of the coloring material is ≥50%, ≥60%, or ≥70%.

[0023] The second aspect of this application provides a projection system, which includes a projection device and a laminated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application. The projection device is disposed on the side of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The projection device is used to generate projection light, which includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light. The image display area is used to receive and reflect the projection light to form a reflected primary image.

[0024] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle comprising a body and a laminated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application, the laminated glass being disposed on the body.

[0025] The laminated glass, projection system, and vehicle provided in this application, by setting a first wedge and a second wedge, make the primary reflective image, the secondary reflective image of the glass plate, and the secondary reflective image of the functional layer coincide. Furthermore, by using a functional layer with a high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light in conjunction with the projection light, the reflected image, when directly observing the image display area, is mainly composed of S-polarized light from the primary reflective image, S-polarized light from the secondary reflective image of the glass plate, and the secondary reflective image of the functional layer. In normal scenarios, the displayed image is bright and clear with high luminous efficiency. When wearing polarized glasses, since the polarized glasses can filter most of the S-polarized light and have a high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light from the secondary reflective image of the functional layer, the reflected image will mainly be the P-light reflected image of the functional layer, and a recognizable display image, or even a clear display image, can still be obtained. Thus, it takes into account both normal and special scenarios, enabling the observation of a clear display image and improving driving safety. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of laminated glass provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of laminated glass provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of laminated glass provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 5 The internal reflectance spectrum of the laminated glass provided in one embodiment of this application at an incident angle of 65° under P / S light.

[0032] Figure 6 The internal reflection spectrum and composite reflection spectrum of the laminated glass provided in Example 1 of this application at an incident angle of 65° are shown.

[0033] Figure 7 The internal reflection spectrum and composite reflection spectrum of the laminated glass provided in Embodiment 2 of this application at an incident angle of 65° are shown.

[0034] Figure 8 The internal reflection spectrum and composite reflection spectrum of the laminated glass provided in Example 3 of this application at an incident angle of 65° are shown.

[0035] Figure 9 The emission spectra S(λ) of different projection devices provided in this application.

[0036] Labeling: laminated glass 1, image display area 10, first glass plate 11, intermediate adhesive layer 12, first adhesive layer 121, second adhesive layer 122, second glass plate 13, functional layer 14, projection device 21, detection device 3, first optical prism 311, second optical prism 312, first anti-reflection optical element 321, second anti-reflection optical element 322, third anti-reflection optical element 323. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] Before introducing the technical solution of this application, let's go over the technical issues in related technologies in detail.

[0039] In one related technology, a wedge-shaped intermediate film PVB and / or a wedge-shaped glass sheet can be used to make the secondary image reflected by the glass plate overlap with the primary image as much as possible. The secondary image reflected by the other functional layer, which cannot overlap, is reduced in brightness by using a special film system design, a specific functional layer, or a specific absorption layer, so that it is not easily perceived by the human eye.

[0040] Furthermore, reducing the thickness of the glass sheet containing the functional layer results in a small separation of the secondary image reflected by the functional layer, making it difficult for the human eye to distinguish.

[0041] Therefore, for HUD glass with a functional layer, when the HUD projection device uses S-polarized light and polarized glasses are worn to filter S-polarized light, the image almost disappears; if P-polarized light is used, this is more dependent on the Brewster angle θ. B (Brewster angle θ) B ≈57°) and a specific P-polarized high-reflection film system are required; otherwise, the ghosting brightness on the outer surface of the laminated glass is easily visible. This technology is also constrained by issues such as easy color distortion of images, low light transmittance, and low light efficiency, making it technically challenging and costly.

[0042] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, please refer to the following: Figures 1-5 This embodiment provides a laminated glass 1, which includes a first glass plate 11, an intermediate adhesive layer 12, and a second glass plate 13 stacked sequentially. The laminated glass 1 also includes a functional layer 14.

[0043] The first glass plate 11 includes a first surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and a second surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and the second glass plate 13 includes a third surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and a fourth surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12.

[0044] The functional layer 14 is disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13.

[0045] The laminated glass 1 has an image display area 10, and at least within the area of ​​the image display area 10, there is a first wedge between the first surface and the fourth surface, and a second wedge between the functional layer 14 and the fourth surface, wherein the first wedge is not equal to the second wedge.

[0046] The projected light includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light, and the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is ≥4.5%.

[0047] The image display area 10 is used to receive and reflect projected light to form a reflected primary image, and the projected light also forms a glass plate reflected secondary image and a functional layer reflected secondary image.

[0048] The first wedge is used to adjust the displacement difference between the glass plate's secondary reflective image and the primary reflective image, so that the glass plate's secondary reflective image and the primary reflective image are nearly completely overlapped or at least to the point that they are not clearly distinguishable to the naked eye.

[0049] The second wedge is used to adjust the displacement difference between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective primary image, so that the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective primary image are nearly completely overlapped or at least to the point that they are not clearly distinguishable to the naked eye.

[0050] The image display area 10 can display vehicle driving information, various patterns, or play videos, and can be used in various scenarios such as welcoming guests, creating an atmosphere, watching movies, and working. Optionally, it can be used to display driving parameters, including vehicle speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, warning information, and mileage. It can also be used to display weather temperature, entertainment information, and can be used for dynamic navigation, night vision, and real-view maps. Along the stacking direction of the laminated glass 1, the image display area 10 is at least partially covered by the functional layer 14. The image display area 10 has a primary image reflective layer that forms the primary reflective image and a functional layer 14 that forms the secondary reflective image of the functional layer.

[0051] Optionally, the laminated glass 1 has at least one image display area 10. For example, the number of image display areas 10 can be one, or multiple, with the multiple image display areas 10 spaced apart. The number of image display areas 10 can be designed according to the actual product.

[0052] Optionally, the image display area 10 is located in the bottom region of the laminated glass 1, and / or in the top region of the laminated glass 1, and / or in the left region of the laminated glass 1, and / or in the right region of the laminated glass 1.

[0053] The projected light includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light. Specifically, the proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light is 30% to 70%, and examples include 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, and 70%, etc. Preferably, the proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light is 40% to 60%.

[0054] Specifically, the first glass plate 11 serves as the outer glass plate of the laminated glass 1. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and is in contact with the external environment of the vehicle, while the second surface is close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12. The second glass plate 13 serves as the inner glass plate of the laminated glass 1. The second glass plate 13 has a third surface and a fourth surface. The third surface is close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12, while the fourth surface is away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and is in contact with the internal environment of the vehicle.

[0055] Furthermore, the primary image reflective layer is the fourth surface, or the primary image reflective layer is a reflective structure located on the fourth surface. The fourth surface is the surface of the second glass plate 13 that faces away from the first glass plate 11.

[0056] Optionally, the first glass plate 11 is transparent glass or colored glass, the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is 0.7mm to 4mm, and the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 is greater than or equal to 70%. The second glass plate 13 is transparent glass or colored glass, the thickness of the second glass plate 13 is 0.7mm to 4mm, and the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 13 is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0057] Preferably, the thickness of the second glass plate 13 is ≤2.1mm, specifically, it can be 2.1mm, 2mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm, 1.4mm, 1.2mm, or 0.8mm, etc. More preferably, the thickness of the second glass plate 13 is ≤1.6mm, ≤1.4mm, ≤1.2mm, or ≤0.8mm.

[0058] This embodiment uses a thinner second glass plate 13, which makes the deviation between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image smaller, and makes it easier for the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image to overlap, so as to obtain a clearer display image and improve driving safety.

[0059] Preferably, at least within the image display area 10, a coloring material is provided between the first surface and the functional layer 14, wherein the visible light transmittance of the coloring material is ≥50%, ≥60%, or ≥70%.

[0060] Examples of visible light transmittance for coloring materials include 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%.

[0061] Specifically, the coloring material can be a first glass plate 11 that is colored on its own, or a colored intermediate adhesive layer 12, or an additional coloring film layer.

[0062] More preferably, the first glass plate 11 and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12 are coloring layers.

[0063] For example, the first glass plate 11 may be light green or dark green. Another example is the intermediate adhesive layer 12, which may be a light gray interlayer film.

[0064] This embodiment reduces the secondary image reflected by the glass plate by providing a coloring material between the first surface and the functional layer 14, thereby making the displayed image clearer.

[0065] The intermediate adhesive layer 12 is a transparent or colored thermoplastic polymer film. Optionally, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm, specifically, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.28 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is 0.76 mm. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is greater than or equal to 85%, specifically, 85%, 90%, or 95%. Optionally, the haze of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is less than or equal to 1%, specifically, 1%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4%. Optionally, the material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). Colored thermoplastic polymer films can be gray, green, or blue.

[0066] For example, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Examples of multi-layer structures include double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The intermediate adhesive layer 12 can also have other functions, such as providing at least one colored area as a shaded zone to reduce sunlight interference with the human eye, adding infrared absorbers to provide sun protection or heat insulation, adding ultraviolet absorbers to provide ultraviolet protection, or having at least one layer of the multi-layer structure with a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation.

[0067] Optionally, the functional layer 14 is disposed on the side of the first glass plate 11 facing the intermediate adhesive layer 12; or, the functional layer 14 is disposed on the side of the second glass plate 13 facing the intermediate adhesive layer 12; or, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 includes a first adhesive layer 121 and a second adhesive layer 122, and the first glass plate 11, the first adhesive layer 121, the functional layer 14, the second adhesive layer 122, and the second glass plate 13 are stacked sequentially.

[0068] Preferably, the functional layer 14 is disposed on the side of the second glass plate 13 facing the intermediate adhesive layer 12. This arrangement makes the overlap between the secondary reflective image and the primary reflective image of the functional layer more stable, resulting in a clearer display image and improving driving safety.

[0069] Optionally, the functional layer 14 has heat insulation and / or heating functions. By providing the functional layer 14, the laminated glass 1 has excellent heat insulation and / or heating performance, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the vehicle interior environment.

[0070] Optionally, the functional layer 14 may include at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a stacked structure with different refractive indices.

[0071] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 includes a metal layer, the material of the metal layer may be at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and molybdenum (Mo). In some specific embodiments, the functional layer 14 may specifically include at least one silver metal layer, such as a functional layer 14 formed by a single silver metal layer and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer, or a functional layer 14 formed by two silver metal layers and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer and between the two silver metal layers, or a functional layer 14 formed by three silver metal layers and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer and between two adjacent silver metal layers, or a functional layer 14 formed by four silver metal layers and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer and between two adjacent silver metal layers. The metal layer can reflect infrared rays from sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the vehicle's interior, thus achieving the heat insulation effect of functional layer 14. The metal layer can also conduct electricity, allowing functional layer 14 to be used as an electric heating element. It is understood that functional layer 14, whose main material is silver, may also include other metal layers, metal alloy layers, or transparent conductive oxide layers to improve infrared reflectivity or reduce sheet resistance. The materials of each dielectric layer can be independently selected from at least one of oxides, nitrides, or oxides of nitrides. Specific examples include oxides, nitrides, or oxides of at least one element selected from zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), indium (In), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y), bismuth (Bi), and titanium (Ti). Other suitable materials can also be used for the dielectric layer, and this application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0072] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 includes a metal alloy layer, the material of the metal alloy layer includes a metal alloy composed of at least one element selected from silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). In some further embodiments, the material of the metal alloy layer is further selected to be a metal alloy composed of silver, such as an alloy composed of silver and at least one element selected from gold, aluminum, copper, indium, tin, titanium, zinc, and platinum. The metal alloy layer can be used to reflect infrared rays in sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the interior of the vehicle, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the functional layer 14. The metal alloy layer can also be used to conduct electricity, so that the functional layer 14 can be used as an electric heating element.

[0073] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 includes a transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, tin zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide. The transparent conductive oxide layer can be used to reflect infrared rays in sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the vehicle's interior, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the functional layer 14. The transparent conductive oxide layer can also be used to conduct electricity, thereby enabling the functional layer 14 to be used as an electric heating element.

[0074] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 comprises a stacked structure with different refractive indices, the stacked structure with different refractive indices comprises at least two thermoplastic resin films with a refractive index difference greater than or equal to 0.05. In some further embodiments, the stacked structure with different refractive indices may specifically be formed by stacking alternating layers of thermoplastic resin films with high and low refractive indices, for example, 2 to 200 alternating layers of thermoplastic resin films. The material of the thermoplastic resin films is selected from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, poly(4-methylpentene-1), polyvinylidene fluoride, cyclic polyolefins, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyetherimide. The stacked structure with different refractive indices can be used to reflect infrared rays from sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the vehicle's interior, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the functional layer 14.

[0075] The functional layer 14 may specifically be a coating layer. Optionally, the coating layer is selected from at least one of metal coating, metal alloy coating, or transparent conductive oxide coating.

[0076] Furthermore, the material of the metal coating is selected from at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al).

[0077] Furthermore, the transparent conductive oxide coating is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin-zinc oxide, or antimony-doped tin oxide.

[0078] Furthermore, the functional layer 14 is selected from at least one of the following: single silver nanofunctional layer 14, double silver nanofunctional layer 14, triple silver nanofunctional layer 14, and quadruple silver nanofunctional layer 14.

[0079] Optionally, the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass 1 having the functional layer 14 is less than or equal to 55%.

[0080] Specifically, the projection device 21 is located on the side of the second glass plate 13 facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12. The projection light emitted by the projection device 21 is reflected once in the image display area 10 on the fourth surface of the second glass plate 13 to form reflected light RL1, which enters the human eye and forms a reflected primary image. Simultaneously, the projection light enters the interior of the laminated glass 1, is reflected on the first surface of the first glass plate 11 to form reflected light RL2, and then enters the human eye to form a glass plate reflected secondary image. Furthermore, the projection light also enters the interior of the laminated glass 1, is reflected by the functional layer 14 to form reflected light RL3, and then enters the human eye to form a functional layer reflected secondary image.

[0081] The laminated glass 1 has a first wedge shape, which is a wedge formed between the outer surface of the first glass plate 11 and the outer surface of the second glass plate 13, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown in θ1, the first wedge is used to adjust the secondary image reflected by the glass plate, so that the displacement difference between the secondary image and the primary image is within a first preset range, thereby achieving overlap or near overlap between the secondary image and the primary image, reducing the blurriness and dizziness of the image observed by the human eye, and making the displayed image clearer.

[0082] The laminated glass 1 has a second wedge shape, which is a wedge formed between the surface of the functional layer 14 facing away from the second glass plate 13 and the outer surface of the second glass plate 13. The second wedge shape is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in θ2. The second wedge is used to adjust the functional layer reflective sub-image, so that the displacement difference between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image is within a second preset range, so as to achieve overlap or near overlap between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image, thereby reducing the blurriness and dizziness of the human eye when observing the image, and making the displayed image clearer.

[0083] The first and second wedges work together to define the secondary reflective image of the glass plate, the secondary reflective image of the functional layer, and the primary reflective image, ensuring that these three images coincide and resulting in a clearer displayed image. The first and second wedges are described in detail below: In one embodiment, the first wedge is provided by at least two of the first glass plate 11, the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and the second glass plate 13.

[0084] For example, the first wedge is provided by both the first glass plate 11 and the intermediate adhesive layer 12. Another example is that the first wedge is provided by both the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. Yet another example is that the first wedge is provided by both the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13. And yet another example is that the first wedge is provided by all three: the first glass plate 11, the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and the second glass plate 13.

[0085] The second wedge shape is provided by at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13.

[0086] For example, the second wedge is provided solely by the intermediate adhesive layer 12. Or, for another example, the second wedge is provided solely by the second glass plate 13. Or, for yet another example, the second glass plate 13 is provided by both the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13.

[0087] Preferably, when the functional layer 14 is located on the side of the first glass plate 11 facing the intermediate adhesive layer 12, the second wedge shape is provided separately by the second glass plate 13.

[0088] Preferably, when the functional layer 14 is located on the side of the second glass plate 13 facing the intermediate adhesive layer 12, the second wedge shape is provided by the second glass plate 13.

[0089] Optionally, the wedge shape of the first glass plate 11, and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and / or the second glass plate 13 can be a fixed wedge or a variable wedge.

[0090] Further optionally, the wedge shape of the first glass plate 11, and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and / or the second glass plate 13 varies linearly, or the wedge shape of the first glass plate 11, and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and / or the second glass plate 13 varies monotonically and non-linearly.

[0091] Optionally, along the arrangement direction from the bottom edge to the top edge of the laminated glass 1, the thickness of the wedge-shaped first glass plate 11 and / or second glass plate 13 gradually increases. In other words, the bottom end of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 is thinner, and the top end is thicker.

[0092] Specifically, the first wedge and / or the second wedge are fixed wedges with a fixed wedge angle.

[0093] Alternatively, the first wedge and / or the second wedge may be a variable wedge with a linear or non-linear change in wedge angle.

[0094] In another embodiment, the second wedge is provided by the second glass plate 13, and the wedge angle of the second wedge is ≤0.295mrad.

[0095] The second wedge shape of the second glass plate 13 can be exemplified by, for example, 0.295 mrad, or 0.275 mrad, or 0.25 mrad, or 0.225 mrad, or 0.2 mrad, or 0.175 mrad, or 0.15 mrad, or 0.125 mrad, or 0.1 mrad, etc. Preferably, the wedge angle of the second glass plate 13 is ≤0.20 mrad, or ≤0.15 mrad, or ≤0.12 mrad.

[0096] The wedge angle of the second glass plate 13 can be designed according to the HUD optical path and adjusted according to product requirements.

[0097] And / or, the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 have a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 gradually decreases, and the rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm.

[0098] Compared to the preparation of glass plates with fixed wedge angles or glass plates with variable wedge shapes in related technologies, this application preferably has a gradually decreasing wedge angle between the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13. This arrangement is beneficial to the production of glass plates, reduces the difficulty of preparation, and improves the product yield.

[0099] The rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 can be exemplified by, for example, 0.3 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.275 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.25 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.225 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.2 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.175 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.15 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.125 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.1 mrad / 100 mm, etc. Preferably, the rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 is ≤0.2 mrad / 100 mm.

[0100] The wedge angle variation rate of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 can be designed according to the HUD optical path and adjusted according to product requirements.

[0101] In another embodiment, the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 have a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 has a first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 within the image display area 10, the first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 satisfying the following condition: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm.

[0102] The method for measuring the standard deviation of local wedge angle fluctuation is as follows: along the direction of the wedge angle, the measurement points are spaced 10 mm apart, and the standard deviation of the deviation between the wedge angle of multiple measurement points and the corresponding expected design wedge angle is measured.

[0103] The first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 can be exemplified as follows: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.07mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.06mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.05mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.04mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.03mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.02mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.01mrad / 10mm, etc.

[0104] Preferably, the standard deviation σ1 of the first local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.05mrad / 10mm. More preferably, the standard deviation σ1 of the first local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.03mrad / 10mm.

[0105] Therefore, this embodiment limits the standard deviation σ1 of the first local wedge angle fluctuation to select a glass plate with smaller local wedge angle fluctuation. The smaller the local wedge angle fluctuation, the better the superposition stability of the ghost image and the main image.

[0106] And / or, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 has a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 having a second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 within the image display area 10, the second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 satisfying the following condition: 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm.

[0107] The second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 can be exemplified by 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.14mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.13mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.12mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.11mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.1mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.09mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.08mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.07mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.06mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.05mrad / 10mm, etc.

[0108] Preferably, the standard deviation σ2 of the second local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ2 ≤ 0.12 mrad / 10 mm. More preferably, the standard deviation σ2 of the second local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ2 ≤ 0.1 mrad / 10 mm.

[0109] Therefore, this embodiment selects an intermediate adhesive layer 12 with smaller local wedge angle fluctuations by limiting the second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2. The smaller the local wedge angle fluctuation, the better the superposition stability of the ghost image and the main image.

[0110] Optionally, the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13, which have a wedge shape, have a spray direction, which can be vertical or horizontal. Preferably, the spray direction is vertical.

[0111] The direction of the molten glass runner refers to the direction in which the molten glass moves across the surface of the molten tin during the float glass production process. This embodiment, by limiting the molten glass runner direction to vertical or horizontal, can reduce driver visual distortion and fatigue, lessen the blurriness and dizziness experienced when viewing images, thereby improving driver comfort and safety.

[0112] Internal reflectance of visible light for P-polarized light in functional layer 14 This refers to the reflectivity of functional layer 14 for P-polarized light with wavelengths from 380nm to 780nm.

[0113] Internal reflectance of visible light for P-polarized light in functional layer 14 The calculation can be performed using the anti-reflection prism coupling measurement method, also known as the prism coupling method. The calculation method is as follows: ;in, The reflectance ratio of the P-polarized visible light spectrum of the functional layer reflective sub-image, measured by anti-reflection prism coupling measurement method at a specific incident angle (excluding reflections from the front and back interfaces of the sample).

[0114] This is the relative value of the product of the HUD light source's relative spectral power distribution function and the CIE spectral luminous efficacy. The product is normalized to 100%.

[0115] The prism coupling method is described in detail below: First, a detection device 3 is provided, which includes two optical prisms with isosceles symmetry: a first optical prism 311 and a second optical prism 312, an optical coupling agent, and three anti-reflection optical elements: a first anti-reflection optical element 321, a second anti-reflection optical element 322, and a third anti-reflection optical element 323.

[0116] A first optical prism 311 is placed on the first surface of the laminated glass 1, and a second optical prism 312 is placed on the fourth surface of the laminated glass 1. An optical coupling agent is disposed at the connection between the optical prisms and the laminated glass 1. A first anti-reflection optical element 321 is placed on the surface of the first optical prism 311 facing away from the laminated glass 1. A second anti-reflection optical element 322 and a third anti-reflection optical element 323 are placed on the surface of the second optical prism 312 facing away from the laminated glass 1. Furthermore, the second anti-reflection optical element 322 and the third anti-reflection optical element 323 are symmetrically arranged, and the second anti-reflection optical element 322 is symmetrically arranged with the first anti-reflection optical element 321. After the laminated glass 1 is combined with the detection device 3, an optical prism coupling structure is obtained.

[0117] like Figure 4 As shown, during the detection, the incident light is labeled T0, and the sample is labeled S. The incident light T0 enters the sample S and is reflected to form reflected light R1, and the incident light T0 passes through the sample S to form transmitted light T1.

[0118] Specifically, incident light T0 enters through the third anti-reflection optical element 323 with an incident angle of 0°, which is the angle between the incident light T0 and the normal to the incident interface. Reflected light R1 exits through the second anti-reflection optical element 322 with an exit angle of 0°, which is the angle between the reflected light R1 and the normal to the exit interface. Transmitted light T1 exits through the first anti-reflection optical element 321 with an exit angle of 0°, which is the angle between the transmitted light T1 and the normal to the exit interface.

[0119] The specific steps of the detection method are as follows: S10. Select an optical prism of appropriate specifications according to the test incident angle. The relationship between the incident angle β of the laminated glass 1 (air surface to glass interface) and the incident angle γ in the optical prism structure is γ=asin(sinβ / n), where n is the refractive index of the laminated glass 1. For example, if the incident angle of the laminated glass 1 is β=66°, then the incident angle γ in the optical prism structure is 37°.

[0120] S20 involves directly connecting and filling two optical prisms with an optical coupling agent to obtain a control coupling structure. Visual testing shows that the optical path is transparent, without ghosting, bubbles, or contamination.

[0121] S30, place the entire control coupling structure into the spectrophotometer, and then measure the transmission spectrum. The measurement interval is 5 nm.

[0122] S40, remove the control coupling structure, then clamp the laminated glass sample 1 according to the actual incident direction and re-connect and fill it with optical coupling agent to obtain a reassembled optical prism coupling structure. Visually test the optical path to ensure it is transparent, without ghosting, bubbles, or contaminants. Then, place the entire optical prism coupling structure into a spectrophotometer and measure the reflectance spectrum. The measurement interval is 5 nm.

[0123] S50, Spectral data processing, calculation of internal reflection spectrum: .

[0124] Internal reflectance of visible light for P-polarized light in functional layer 14 Specific examples include 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc.

[0125] Preferably, the visible light internal reflectance of functional layer 14 for P-polarized light is... ≥6%, or ≥10%, or ≥15%. This setting can further improve the reflectivity of functional layer 14 to P-polarized light, which helps to ensure a clear display image even when wearing polarized glasses.

[0126] In summary, the laminated glass 1 provided in this embodiment, by setting a first wedge and a second wedge, makes the primary reflected image, the secondary reflected image of the glass plate, and the secondary reflected image of the functional layer coincide. Furthermore, by using the functional layer 14, which has a high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light, in conjunction with the projected light, the reflected image, when directly observing the image display area 10, is mainly composed of the S-polarized light of the primary reflected image, the S-polarized light of the secondary reflected image of the glass plate, and the secondary reflected image of the functional layer. In normal scenarios, the displayed image is bright and clear with high luminous efficiency. When wearing polarized glasses, since the polarized glasses can filter most of the S-polarized light and have a high internal reflectivity for the P-polarized light of the secondary reflected image of the functional layer, the reflected image will mainly be the P-light reflected image of the functional layer 14, and a recognizable display image, or even a clear display image, can still be obtained. Thus, it takes into account both normal and special scenarios, enabling the observation of a clear display image and improving driving safety.

[0127] In one embodiment, when the image display area 10 is directly observed, the visible light reflectance CR1 of the functional layer reflective sub-image of the image display area 10 relative to the reflective primary image is ≥0.2, specifically for example, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, or 0.5, etc.

[0128] When directly observing the image display area 10, the reflected image mainly consists of S-polarized light from the primary reflected image, S-polarized light from the secondary reflected image from the glass plate, and a secondary reflected image from the functional layer (P-polarized light and possibly a small amount of S-polarized light). Although the visible light reflectance CR1 ≥ 0.2, due to the high degree of overlap between the secondary reflected image from the functional layer, the secondary reflected image from the glass plate, and the primary reflected image, a clear display image can still be obtained when the user directly observes the image display area 10.

[0129] Furthermore, in order to maximize the visible light reflectance CR2 of the functional layer of the image display area relative to the primary image when wearing polarized glasses, the functional layer 14 needs to have a high visible light internal reflectance for P-polarized light and a low visible light internal reflectance for S-polarized light. Therefore, this application does not excessively suppress the visible light reflectance CR1, thereby achieving a balance between conventional and special scenarios, enabling the observation of a clear display image, and improving driving safety.

[0130] In the prism coupling method, the reflectance within functional layer 14 corresponding to a specific incident angle β is: ; where RL can be further subdivided into RLp and RLs according to the incident P / S polarized light. This is the relative value of the product of the HUD light source's relative spectral power distribution function and the CIE spectral luminous efficacy. The product is normalized to 100%.

[0131] Spectral reflectance ratio of the secondary image of the functional layer 1 of the laminated glass: ;in, The reflectance ratio of the primary image is measured by a spectrophotometer; for ordinary glass, it can be calculated using the Fresnel formula.

[0132] Visible light reflectance ratio (CR) of the functional layer reflective sub-image relative to the reflective primary image: ; where RL ghost RL is the visible light reflectance of the functional layer sub-image under HUD light source conditions (usually S- or P-polarized light). primary It is the visible light reflectance of the reflected main image under HUD light source conditions (usually divided into S or P polarized light).

[0133] In some embodiments, the visible light reflectance CR of the infrared reflective layer sub-image relative to the reflective primary image can be determined according to ISO / CIE 11664-4 / CIE 1976 Lab standards, using the brightness value L of the reflective primary image.* primary and the brightness value L of the functional layer reflective sub-image * ghost Perform the conversion.

[0134] Furthermore, the functional layer 14 has a composite reflection spectrum for S-polarized light and P-polarized light. The composite reflectance spectrum In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectivity, PV1, is ≤20%.

[0135] The difference PV1 between the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​can be 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 6%, 4%, or 2%, etc. Preferably, the composite reflectance spectrum... In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV1, is ≤10% or ≤5%.

[0136] To ensure minimal or no color cast in the displayed image when directly observing the image display area 10, this embodiment minimizes the difference PV1 between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, thereby reducing the composite reflection spectrum of the projected light (P+S light). By keeping the curve flat or nearly flat in the 460nm~630nm band, the RGB colors in the displayed image are reduced or even eliminated, making it easier for the human eye to observe and recognize the displayed image, or even a clear displayed image, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0137] Specifically, the composite reflectance spectrum The following conditions must be met: ; in, The functional layer 14 represents the composite reflection spectrum of S-polarized and P-polarized light. The proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light ray. The internal reflectance of the functional layer 14 for S-polarized light is given by [the value of the layer]. The internal reflectivity of the functional layer 14 for P-polarized light is given by [the value of the layer]. The spectral reflectance of S-polarized light on the surface of the second glass plate 13 away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is given. It is the spectral reflectance value of P-polarized light on the surface of the second glass plate 13 on the side away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12.

[0138] Furthermore, the |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤20; and / or, the |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤20.

[0139] The values ​​of |a*| and |b*| can be obtained by referring to the CIELAB standard and GB / T 21047.

[0140] The |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image can be exemplified by, for example, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0. Preferably, the |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤15 or ≤10.

[0141] The |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image can be exemplified by, for example, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0. Preferably, the |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤15 or ≤10.

[0142] To ensure that the displayed image has minimal or no color cast when directly observing the image display area 10, this embodiment limits the |a*| value of the functional layer reflective subimage to ≤20, and the closer the |a*| value is to 0, the smaller the value, to avoid red-green color cast. Furthermore, it limits the |b*| value of the functional layer reflective subimage to ≤20, and the closer the |b*| value is to 0, the smaller the value, to avoid yellow-blue color cast. By controlling the color cast of the functional layer reflective subimage, a clearer display image can be obtained.

[0143] In another embodiment, when the image display area 10 is viewed using polarized glasses, the visible light reflectance ratio CR2 of the functional layer reflective sub-image of the image display area 10 relative to the reflective primary image is ≥3, and the polarized glasses are used to filter S-polarized light.

[0144] Users can wear polarized glasses and observe the image display area 10. Optionally, the polarized glasses can filter at least 80% of the S-polarized light in the received light, such as 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, or 100%.

[0145] The visible light reflectance CR2 can be exemplified by values ​​such as 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, or 20. Preferably, the visible light reflectance CR2 of the functional layer reflective sub-image of the image display area 10 relative to the reflective primary image is ≥10.

[0146] When indirectly observing the image display area 10 while wearing polarized glasses, since the polarized glasses can filter most of the S-polarized light and have a high internal reflectivity for the P-polarized light of the functional layer's reflective sub-image, the reflected image will mainly be the P-light reflected image of the functional layer 14. Therefore, this embodiment controls the visible light reflectance CR2≥3 to make the P-light reflected image of the functional layer 14 more obvious, so that the human eye can observe a recognizable display image, or even a clear display image, thereby improving driving safety.

[0147] Furthermore, the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer 14 for P-polarized light... ≥6%, specifically, examples include 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 20%, etc. Preferably, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio for P-polarized light. ≥10%, or ≥15%.

[0148] This embodiment further limits the visible light internal reflectance of the energy layer for P-polarized light. ≥6% makes the P-light reflection image of functional layer 14 more obvious, making it easier for the human eye to observe and recognize the display image, or even a clear display image, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0149] Furthermore, for light with a wavelength of 460 nm, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 460nm ≥2%.

[0150] Functional layer 14 has visible light internal reflectance. 460nm Specific examples include 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 20%, etc. Preferably, for light with a wavelength of 460nm, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 460nm ≥5%, or ≥8%.

[0151] For light with a wavelength of 540 nm, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 540nm ≥2%.

[0152] Functional layer 14 has visible light internal reflectance. 540nm Specific examples include 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 20%, etc. Preferably, for light with a wavelength of 540nm, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 540nm ≥5%, or ≥8%.

[0153] For light with a wavelength of 630 nm, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 630nm ≥2%.

[0154] Visible light internal reflectance 630nm Specific examples include 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 20%, etc. Preferably, for light with a wavelength of 630nm, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 630nm ≥5%, or ≥8%.

[0155] In the projected light generated by the projection device 21, the RGB peaks are typically located at 620-635nm, 520-560nm, and 450-470nm. Therefore, this embodiment limits the visible light internal reflectance. 460nm , 540nm , 630nm This ensures that all RGB monochromatic colors are present in the P-light reflection image of functional layer 14, making it easier for the human eye to observe and recognize the display image, or even a clear display image, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0156] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the functional layer 14 has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the wavelength range of 450nm to 630nm, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV2, is ≤12%.

[0157] The difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV2, can be exemplified as 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1%, etc.

[0158] This embodiment minimizes the difference PV2 between the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​to optimize the internal reflection spectrum. The curve remains flat or nearly flat in the 450nm~630nm band, thereby reducing or eliminating color cast in the RGB of the P-light reflection image of functional layer 14. This makes it easier for the human eye to observe and recognize the display image, or even a clear display image, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0159] In another embodiment, the functional layer 14 has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV2, is ≥3%.

[0160] The difference PV2 between the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​can be 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, or 12%, etc. Preferably, the internal reflectance spectrum... In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV2, is ≥5% or ≥10%.

[0161] When wearing polarized glasses, since the reflected image will mainly be the P-light reflected image of functional layer 14, the light rays at each eye position are unlikely to be at Brewster angle θ. B (glass θ) B ≈57°), the further away from θ B The brightness of the ghost image between the secondary image and the primary image reflected by the glass plate is difficult to reduce, resulting in significant technical challenges and costs. Since the human eye is more sensitive to certain colors, such as non-white colors like yellow-green, orange, and red, they are easier to distinguish. Contrary to the technical approaches in related technologies, this embodiment specifically selects a functional layer 14 capable of forming a primary image of a specific color, so that the RGB color of the P-light reflected image of functional layer 14 is non-white; in other words, the RGB color of the P-light reflected image of functional layer 14 is colored. Therefore, this embodiment limits the internal reflection spectrum. The curves in the 450nm~630nm band are not completely flat, and the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV2, is ≥3%, making it easier to observe identifiable display images, or even clear display images, when wearing polarized glasses, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0162] For example, when projecting a white pattern, the reflected image of functional layer 14 is a brighter and more recognizable orange, which is significantly different from the road background and ghosting, resulting in a better effect.

[0163] Furthermore, the chroma C of the functional layer reflective sub-image * ab ≥20.

[0164] Among them, chroma C * ab This can be obtained by referring to CIELAB standards and GB / T 21047.

[0165] Chroma C * abSpecific examples include 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60, etc. Preferably, the chroma C of the functional layer reflective sub-image... * ab ≥30, or ≥50.

[0166] The hue angle h of the functional layer's reflective subimage ab The range is 10° to 225°.

[0167] Among them, the hue angle h ab This can be obtained by referring to CIELAB standards and GB / T 21047.

[0168] The hue angle h of the functional layer reflection subimage ab Specific examples include 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, 130°, 140°, 150°, 160°, 170°, 180°, 190°, 200°, 210°, 220°, and 225°.

[0169] Preferably, the hue angle h of the functional layer reflective sub-image ab The range is 20° to 85°, corresponding to the orange area.

[0170] Preferably, the hue angle h of the functional layer reflective sub-image ab The range is 85° to 135°, corresponding to the yellow-green region.

[0171] This embodiment limits the chroma C of the functional layer reflective subimage. * ab and / or hue angle h ab This makes the tonal difference between the reflected image of functional layer 14 and the road surface (such as cement road, asphalt road, snow-covered road under direct sunlight, etc.) greater, and easier to distinguish. The human eye is sensitive to medium-wavelength (green) and long-wavelength (red) light under photopic vision, perceiving high brightness, which also includes the image's brightness L*, indirectly determined by the CR value. A higher value results in better recognizability, making it easier to observe a recognizable display image, or even a clear display image, when wearing polarized glasses, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0172] In another embodiment, the incident angle β of the projected light satisfies the following condition: 40°≤β≤68°.

[0173] The incident angle β of the projected light is based on the principal ray of the central eyebox.

[0174] The incident angle β of the projected light ray can be exemplified by, for example, 40°, 42°, 44°, 46°, 48°, 50°, 52°, 54°, 56°, 58°, 60°, 62°, 64°, 66°, or 68°. Preferably, the incident angle β of the projected light ray satisfies the condition: 44° ≤ β ≤ 64°. More preferably, the incident angle β of the projected light ray satisfies the condition: 50° ≤ β ≤ 62°.

[0175] The setting of the incident angle β of the projected light needs to consider that when wearing polarized glasses, the P-light reflected from functional layer 14 is the main image, requiring a certain degree of image recognition. Therefore, the Brewster angle θ is set accordingly. B The secondary image reflected by the nearby glass plate and the primary image reflected by the glass plate are fainter. On the other hand, it should be considered that when polarized glasses are not worn, the secondary image reflected by the glass plate and the primary image reflected by the glass plate are mainly superimposed images of S-rays. The light effect of the superimposed image needs to be high reflectivity. Preferably, the reflectivity of the superimposed image is greater than or equal to 15%. Preferably, the incident angle β of the projected light is greater than or equal to 50°, so as to take into account both normal and special scenes, and be able to observe a clear display image, thereby improving driving safety.

[0176] Optionally, the head-up display system includes a monitoring module for detecting whether polarized glasses are in use in order to control image brightness, such as increasing the brightness of P-polarized light, so that the user can see a clearer display image.

[0177] This application also provides a projection system, which includes a projection device and a laminated glass as described above. The projection device is disposed on the side of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The projection device is used to generate projection light, which includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light. The image display area is used to receive and reflect the projection light to form a reflected main image.

[0178] Optionally, the wavelength of the projected light includes 380nm to 780nm. Optionally, the proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light is 30% to 70%.

[0179] This application also provides a vehicle, the vehicle including a body and laminated glass as described above, the laminated glass being disposed on the body.

[0180] The projection device of the projection system can be installed inside the vehicle body, while the laminated glass is installed at the opening in the vehicle body.

[0181] When laminated glass is installed in a vehicle, it is preferably used as the windshield. However, it is not limited to this; laminated glass can also be used as the rear windshield or side window, thus providing more display applications for the vehicle. In addition to vehicles, laminated glass can also be used in transportation vehicles such as airplanes, trains, and rail transit.

[0182] The projection system and vehicle provided in this application utilize the laminated glass provided in this application. The laminated glass is configured with a first wedge and a second wedge to ensure that the primary reflected image, the secondary reflected image of the glass plate, and the secondary reflected image of the functional layer coincide. Furthermore, a functional layer with a high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light is used in conjunction with the projection light. This results in a reflected image that is mainly composed of S-polarized light from the primary reflected image, S-polarized light from the secondary reflected image of the glass plate, and the secondary reflected image of the functional layer when directly observing the image display area. Under normal conditions, the displayed image is bright and clear with high luminous efficiency. When wearing polarized glasses, since the polarized glasses can filter most of the S-polarized light and have a high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light from the secondary reflected image of the functional layer, the reflected image will mainly be the P-light reflected image of the functional layer, resulting in a recognizable display image, or even a clear display image. This approach caters to both normal and special scenarios, enabling the observation of a clear display image and improving driving safety.

[0183] To make the objectives and advantages of this application clearer, the effects of the laminated glass of this application will be further explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0184] Example 1: 2.0mm wedge-shaped glass plate / 2A double silver coating / 0.76mm wedge-shaped PVB interlayer adhesive layer / 2.0mm glass plate Example 2: 2.0mm wedge-shaped glass plate / 3A triple silver coating / 0.76mm PVB interlayer adhesive layer / 2.0mm wedge-shaped glass plate Example 3: 2.0mm glass plate / 0.76mm wedge-shaped PVB interlayer adhesive layer / 4A four-silver coating / 2.0mm wedge-shaped glass plate Different projection devices were used to test Examples 1-3 respectively, and the performance parameters of the projection devices are shown in Table 1.

[0185] Table 1: Performance Parameters of the Projection Device

[0186] The projection light source generated by the projection device includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light, with S-polarized light accounting for k=0.5% of the mixed light.

[0187] First, using the prism coupling method with an incident angle AOI of 65°, the internal reflection spectrum of the S / P polarized light from the laminated glass is obtained. Then, the composite reflection spectrum is calculated, as follows: Figures 6-8 .

[0188] Then, a white light source was projected onto the HUD optical path, and a spectrometer was used to record the emission spectrum S(λ) of the HUD main image along the projection optical path. The data is summarized as follows. Figure 9 .

[0189] Subsequently, the evaluation index of the functional layer reflective sub-image was calculated and the data were summarized in Table 2 below.

[0190] Finally, on the actual vehicle simulation test bench, the image brightness was adjusted, and the color state of the HUD image coating ghosting was visually observed and photographed to record the color state.

[0191] Table 2: Evaluation Index Parameters for Functional Layer Reflective Subimages

[0192] In related technologies, when polarized glasses are not worn, due to the presence of a functional layer, the laminated glass has only one wedge angle, causing the secondary image reflected by the glass plate to coincide with the primary image. However, the secondary image reflected by the functional layer is separated from the primary image to a certain extent, and the secondary image reflected by the functional layer is bright and its color is easily noticeable, resulting in a color cast in the visible image. Furthermore, when polarized glasses are not worn, the visible light reflection is greater than CR1, causing the image observed by the human eye to be blurry, causing dizziness and a poor experience.

[0193] As shown in Table 2, by using the laminated glass provided in this application, the laminated glass has a first wedge shape and a second wedge shape. Overall, the separation degree of the functional layer reflection sub-image, the glass plate reflection sub-image and the reflection main image is small, the visual image is clearer and brighter. Since the three images overlap, the color distortion of the image is milder, and the human eye can accept it better when not wearing polarized glasses.

[0194] When wearing polarized glasses, the S-ray reflection in the superimposed image of the laminated glass in Examples 1-3 almost disappears, while the functional layer reflection sub-image becomes relatively prominent, becoming the new primary image. Although the image becomes darker, it remains recognizable. For the laminated glass in the examples, the degree of overlap of the three images is higher, and the visible light reflectance of the functional layer reflection sub-image relative to the primary image is significantly improved (CR2). Under these combined effects, the image of this application is significantly clearer. Furthermore, when adjusting the incident angle, the closer to the Brewster angle θ... B (57°) The clearer the image.

[0195] Furthermore, when wearing polarized glasses, the superimposed image of the mixed light mainly consists of the new primary image of P-polarized light reflected by the functional layer. This new primary image exhibits varying degrees of color cast, which is due to fluctuations in the internal reflectivity curve of P-polarized light. According to Table 2, the color indices a*, b*, and C*ab of the functional layer reflective sub-image in Example 3 are smaller, indicating that the four-silver film system has the smallest color cast among the three functional layer film systems. Figure 8 The internal reflection spectrum has a flatter curve in the band 450nm~630nm, and its PV is the lowest (5.1%).

[0196] Although the images in Examples 1-3 are generally dimmer, the functional layer reflective sub-images are all color-readable and have high recognizability. This is most evident in Example 2, followed by Example 3. Specifically, the brightness of the functional layer reflective sub-image in Example 2 is slightly higher than CR2, and its color is greenish-yellow, clearly different from the road surface color, resulting in high recognizability. In other words, vivid colors contribute to image recognition. Furthermore, when the head-up display system also supports monitoring with polarized glasses, this can increase image brightness as needed, making the image brighter. (Reference) Figures 6-8 According to the data in Table 2, the internal reflectivity curves of P-polarized light of each functional layer are all ≥2%, and the fluctuations of PV2 in the range of 460nm~630nm are 4.9%, 7.2%, and 5.1%, respectively. These settings can effectively improve the brightness of the reflective sub-image of the functional layer and form a specific color cast. The reasonable selection of a specific color cast helps to improve the recognition of the image.

[0197] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings: In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0198] In this application, "one or more" refers to any one, any two, or any two or more of the listed items. "Several" refers to any two or more.

[0199] In this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0200] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0201] In this application, the terms "embodiment" and "implementation" mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of these phrases in various locations throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they independent or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that the features, structures, or characteristics described in the various embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined to form yet another embodiment that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this application, provided there is no contradiction between them.

[0202] The above description represents some embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, an intermediate adhesive layer, and a second glass plate stacked sequentially, and the laminated glass also includes a functional layer; The first glass plate includes a first surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer and a second surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer; the second glass plate includes a third surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer and a fourth surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The functional layer is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; The laminated glass has an image display area, and at least within the area of ​​the image display area, a first wedge is formed between the first surface and the fourth surface, and a second wedge is formed between the functional layer and the fourth surface, wherein the first wedge is not equal to the second wedge; The projected light includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light, and the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is... ≥4.5%.

2. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first wedge is provided by at least two of the first glass plate, the intermediate adhesive layer, and the second glass plate; The second wedge shape is provided by at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer and the second glass plate.

3. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second wedge is provided by the second glass plate, and the wedge angle of the second wedge is ≤0.295mrad.

4. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first wedge and / or the second wedge are fixed wedges with a fixed wedge angle; Alternatively, the first wedge and / or the second wedge may be a variable wedge with a linear or non-linear change in wedge angle.

5. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first glass plate and / or the second glass plate have a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate has a first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 within the image display area. The first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm.

6. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate adhesive layer has a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer has a second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 within the image display area. The second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 satisfies the following condition: 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm.

7. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The S-polarized light accounts for 30% to 70% of the projected light.

8. The laminated glass as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The functional layer has a composite reflection spectrum for S-polarized and P-polarized light. The composite reflectance spectrum In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectivity, PV1, is ≤20%.

9. The laminated glass as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The composite reflectance spectrum The following conditions must be met: ; in, The composite reflection spectrum of the functional layer for S-polarized and P-polarized light. The proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light ray. The internal reflectance of the functional layer for S-polarized light is given by [the value of the layer]. The internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is given by [reference to a specific parameter]. The spectral reflectance of S-polarized light on the surface of the second glass plate opposite to the intermediate adhesive layer is given. The spectral reflectance of P-polarized light on the surface of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer is denoted as .

10. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, When the image display area is viewed using polarized glasses, the visible light reflectance ratio CR2 of the functional layer of the image display area relative to the primary image is ≥3, and the polarized glasses are used to filter S-polarized light.

11. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light ≥6%.

12. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, For light with a wavelength of 460nm, the functional layer has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 460nm ≥2%; For light with a wavelength of 540 nm, the functional layer has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 540nm ≥2%; For light with a wavelength of 630 nm, the functional layer has a visible light internal reflectance ratio. 630nm ≥2%.

13. The laminated glass as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The functional layer has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the wavelength range of 450nm to 630nm, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV2, is ≤12%.

14. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The functional layer has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the 450nm~630nm band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV2, is ≥3%.

15. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layer reflection sub-image satisfies at least one of the following: The |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤20; The |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤20; The chroma C of the functional layer reflective subimage * ab ≥20; The hue angle h of the functional layer's reflective subimage ab The range is 10° to 225°.

16. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The incident angle β of the projected light satisfies the following condition: 40°≤β≤68°.

17. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the second glass plate is ≤2.1mm.

18. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, At least within the area of ​​the image display area, a coloring material is provided between the first surface and the functional layer, the coloring material having a visible light transmittance of ≥50%, ≥60%, or ≥70%.

19. A projection system, characterized in that, The projection system includes a projection device and a laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-18. The projection device is disposed on the side of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The projection device is used to generate projection light, which includes S-polarized light and P-polarized light. The image display area is used to receive and reflect the projection light to form a reflected primary image.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a body and a laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-18, the laminated glass being disposed on the body.

Images