Electric vehicle wireless charging system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of electric vehicle wireless charging system for charging electric vehicle in wireless charging mode.More specifically, the present application sets up power supply pad and inverter in parking lot marked with parking line, inverter pre-memorizes the position of power supply pad relative to parking line, and electric vehicle memorizes the position of power receiving pad installed in its bottom.When electric vehicle drives into parking space for charging, parking line is identified by camera configured on vehicle, and relative position of power supply pad corresponding to power receiving pad is calculated in real time through communication with inverter, so that power supply pad and power receiving pad are horizontally aligned after parking.The position of power supply coil that can move in vertical direction is adjusted to adjust the height of power supply pad after parking is completed, so that power supply pad and power receiving pad are vertically aligned, and then charging is started.Through this way, the size of power supply pad can be minimized while the charging efficiency is maximized, which is one of the main features of the present application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wireless charging system for electric vehicles. More specifically, this invention relates to a system that, when an electric vehicle enters a parking space for charging, calculates the relative position of the power supply pad with respect to the receiving pad in real time through communication with the inverter and identification of the parking line, thereby guiding the vehicle to park in a position where the power supply pad and the receiving pad are aligned horizontally; and after the vehicle has come to a complete stop, uses a height adjustment device installed on the power supply pad to adjust the height of the power supply coil, ensuring that the receiving coil and the power supply coil are precisely aligned in both horizontal and vertical directions before charging begins, thus achieving a low-cost and high-efficiency wireless charging system for electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The following content is merely background information related to this embodiment and does not constitute prior art.

[0003] Electric vehicle chargers come in two forms: wired charging, which involves directly connecting a plug to the vehicle, and wireless charging, which uses magnetic induction to charge without a plug and operates in a contactless manner.

[0004] A typical wireless charging system for electric vehicles is structured such that power is transferred to the battery via magnetic induction between a power supply pad placed on the parking lot floor and a power receiving pad installed on the bottom of the electric vehicle. The system may include an inverter that supplies high-frequency current to the power supply pad and a rectifier circuit that rectifies the output of the power receiving pad to supply charging current to the battery.

[0005] While wired chargers offer high charging efficiency, the heavy and complex plugs required to be inserted and removed from the vehicle each time, making them inconvenient to use. Wireless chargers, on the other hand, automatically charge whenever the vehicle is parked, offering significant convenience. However, precise horizontal alignment between the charging pad and the receiving pad becomes difficult due to varying driver parking positions. Furthermore, vertical alignment is challenging depending on the vehicle type and its ground clearance. Current wireless charging technologies must tolerate a certain range of horizontal alignment error and be designed with a large air gap to address these issues. International standards currently allow for an error of ±7.5cm in the longitudinal direction, ±10cm in the lateral direction, and must accommodate air gap variations from a minimum ground clearance of 12cm to approximately 30cm in the vertical direction. Consequently, the size of the charging pad is significantly larger than that of the receiving pad, leading to a substantial decrease in charger efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, due to the charging characteristics of magnetic induction, the presence of metal objects between the charging pad and the receiving pad poses a fire risk. Therefore, foreign object detection (FOD) is necessary. Additionally, the presence of living organisms such as dogs or cats near the charging pad during charging could have an impact. Thus, live object detection (LOD) is essential. Furthermore, position detection (PD) is required to determine if the electric vehicle's receiving pad is aligned with the charging pad. However, existing FOD, LOD, and PD technologies require complex hardware structures and software algorithms, resulting in high costs and frequent errors.

[0007] In addition to the problems of high cost and low efficiency (approximately 5% less than wired charging), the rising cost also limits the ability to significantly increase capacity. Currently, only slow chargers at around 11kW have been developed, but they have not yet been commercialized due to their high cost. While 11kW wireless chargers are suitable for the needs of long overnight charging in homes, their power is still insufficient for fields like robotaxis that require frequent charging and rapid deployment, posing a significant problem. Robotaxis need to achieve fast charging of at least 50kW, but overcoming the high cost and low efficiency issues is not easy.

[0008] In recent years, to maximize the power transmission efficiency between the power supply pad and the receiving pad, a method has been proposed that utilizes the automatic parking function of electric vehicles to achieve horizontal alignment between the two pads. A height adjustment device is added inside the power supply pad, allowing the height of the power supply coil to be adjusted to maintain a constant air gap relative to the receiving pad regardless of the vehicle's ground clearance. This method, when both horizontal and vertical alignment are good, can significantly reduce the size of the power supply pad and maximize transmission efficiency. However, existing automatic parking technologies can only roughly center the vehicle within the parking space, making precise horizontal alignment between the power supply and receiving pads difficult. This is because different electric vehicle models have different sizes and the installation position of the receiving pad varies, and the dimensions of parking spaces and the installation position of the power supply pad have not yet been standardized. Therefore, to truly commercialize wireless chargers, it is necessary to develop a new wireless charging technology that maintains the aforementioned traditional functions while simultaneously achieving both economy and high efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0009] (The problem that the invention aims to solve) This invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Its purpose is to: when an electric vehicle drives into a parking space for charging, through the parking line recognition function and communication with the inverter, calculate the relative position of the power supply pad with respect to the receiving pad in real time, and use it for horizontal alignment control, thereby improving the horizontal alignment accuracy compared with the prior art.

[0010] Furthermore, by improving the structure of the alignment device used for vertical alignment, the size of the power supply pad is reduced and the power transmission efficiency is maximized. At the same time, by implementing FOD, LOD and PD functions separately, the manufacturing cost of the entire system is minimized.

[0011] (The measures taken to solve the problem) To achieve the above objectives, the present invention includes: a parking surface marked with parking lines; a power supply pad disposed on the parking surface; an inverter that provides AC power to the power supply pad and has communication capabilities; an electric vehicle equipped with parking line recognition and communication capabilities using a camera; a receiving pad attached to the bottom of the electric vehicle; and a wireless charging platform; the electric vehicle memorizes the attachment position of the receiving pad inside the vehicle, and the inverter memorizes the position of the power supply pad on the parking surface relative to the parking lines. When the electric vehicle drives into the parking surface for charging, it communicates with the inverter and uses the camera to recognize the parking lines, calculating in real time the relative position of the power supply pad with respect to the receiving pad, thereby identifying the horizontal alignment state of the receiving pad and the power supply pad. At this time, communication pairing between the electric vehicle driving into the parking surface and the inverter is achieved by using a camera installed in the inverter to recognize the license plate number of the driving electric vehicle and selecting a communication ID associated with the license plate number.

[0012] Furthermore, in this invention, the electric vehicle includes a display that shows the position of a fixed receiving pad when the vehicle is parked, and also shows the relative position of the receiving pad and the power supply pad, thereby guiding the driver to park the vehicle in a manner that ensures the power supply pad and the receiving pad are horizontally aligned while viewing the display.

[0013] In addition, the electric vehicle includes an automatic parking function, which automatically performs parking operations by recognizing the position of the parking line when parking, and calculates the relative position of the receiving pad attached to the electric vehicle with respect to the power supply pad, thereby enabling automatic parking with the power supply pad and the receiving pad horizontally aligned.

[0014] In this invention, the power supply pad includes a power supply coil that can move vertically on its upper part, and the height of the power supply coil is adjusted to achieve vertical alignment with the power receiving pad.

[0015] In addition, the inverter is located outside the parking surface and includes a camera and lighting device or thermal imaging camera mounted toward the power supply pad, so as to detect the presence of metallic foreign objects on the power supply pad when there is no vehicle on the parking surface or during the charging of an electric vehicle.

[0016] In addition, the power supply pad is provided with one or more second thermal imaging cameras or second cameras and second lighting devices protruding from the surface of the power supply coil at a distance not exceeding a predetermined distance on the outer periphery of the power supply coil, so as to detect in real time whether there are hot spots or external organisms caused by metal foreign objects between the power supply pad and the receiving pad during the charging process of electric vehicle.

[0017] (The effect of the invention) According to the wireless charging system for electric vehicles of the present invention, when an electric vehicle enters a parking space for charging, the relative position of the power supply pad with respect to the receiving pad is calculated in real time through communication with the inverter and identification of the parking line, enabling the vehicle to park with the power supply pad and receiving pad horizontally aligned. After parking, the height of the power supply coil, which can move vertically along the power supply direction, is adjusted to achieve vertical alignment with the receiving pad, and charging begins after alignment is achieved. This structure simplifies the structure of the power supply pad, minimizes its size, and maximizes power transmission efficiency. Furthermore, separating functions such as FOD, LOD, and PD from inside the power supply pad and placing them externally can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the wireless charger. Therefore, the system according to the present invention can expand the wireless charging capacity, previously limited to the 1kW level, to 50~300kW, and achieve a high power transmission efficiency of approximately 93~95%, close to that of wired chargers. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram used to illustrate a traditional wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a wireless charging system for an electric vehicle according to another conventional embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preferred alignment conditions between the power supply pad and the receiving pad in a wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the method for horizontal alignment of the power supply pad and the receiving pad in the wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the alignment process of the power supply pad and the receiving pad displayed on the electric vehicle monitor when the vehicle is parked, in the electric vehicle wireless charging system according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall process of horizontally aligning the power supply pad and the receiving pad in a forward-facing parking space according to the electric vehicle wireless charging system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall process of horizontally aligning the power supply pad and the receiving pad in a rear-facing parking space using the wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure and operation method of a wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to another embodiment of the present invention for horizontal alignment in a home garage.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the vertical alignment method of the power supply coil in the wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 To achieve Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the vertical drive section structure of the power supply pad that is vertically aligned.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for vertically aligning a power supply coil using a pad aligner according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 12 and Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the foreign object detection (FOD) method according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure and charging process of the wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following detailed description is merely illustrative and does not limit the invention; it only illustrates preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an existing wireless charging system for electric vehicles. Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the structure of a wireless charging system for electric vehicles when the power supply pad is fixedly mounted on the parking floor. In the following description of the wireless charging system, for clarity, the electric vehicle body is omitted from some of the accompanying drawings, and only the receiving pad is shown. Furthermore, for both the power supply and receiving pads, the power supply coils and receiving coils inside each pad are omitted from the description; only the external shape of the pads is shown.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 The electric vehicle wireless charging system is basically installed in a parking space and includes a parking surface (100) marked with parking lines (102), a power supply pad (110) installed on the ground of the parking surface (100) and containing a power supply coil (112) on the upper part, a power receiving pad (120) installed on the lower part of the electric vehicle and receiving power through magnetic coupling with the power supply coil (the power receiving pad contains a power receiving coil (122)), an inverter (INV) (130) connected to the power supply pad (110) and providing charging power thereto, and a charging cable (132) electrically connecting the inverter (130) to the power supply pad (110), which constitutes at least one electric vehicle wireless charger.

[0034] The power supply pad (120) can be installed on the parking surface, or partially or entirely buried in the parking surface for fixed installation.

[0035] The inverter (130) and the power supply pad (110) are arranged at intervals. The charging cable (132) electrically connects the inverter (130) and the power supply pad (110), and can be buried in the ground or laid on the ground through cable conduit so as to transmit the charging power from the inverter (130) to the electric vehicle through the power supply pad (110).

[0036] Wireless charging for electric vehicles refers to a method of charging the vehicle's battery by placing a vehicle equipped with a receiving pad (120) on top of a power supply pad (110) installed on the ground, and generating magnetic induction power by applying current to the power supply pad (110), thereby inducing electrical energy to the receiving pad (120) of the vehicle. Generally speaking, the power transmission efficiency of such wireless charging systems depends on the alignment between the power supply pad (110) and the receiving pad (120), as well as the distance between the power supply pad (110) and the receiving pad (120), i.e., the air gap.

[0037] However, in fixed power supply pad systems, precise alignment between the power supply pad and the receiving pad is difficult to achieve due to the different parking methods of electric vehicles, thus presenting certain limitations. While drivers can try to align the two pads using the parking space information shown on the vehicle's display screen, precise alignment is challenging in practice. Therefore, international standards specify a horizontal alignment tolerance of ±7.5cm in the front-to-back direction and ±10cm in the left-to-right direction. Furthermore, the air gap between the power supply coil and the receiving coil varies depending on the vehicle's ground clearance, ranging from approximately 12cm to 35cm. To compensate for this alignment error, the power supply pad is typically designed to be at least twice the size of the receiving pad. Even so, the efficiency of wireless chargers is still only about 90%, approximately 5% lower than wired chargers.

[0038] Furthermore, the presence of metallic foreign objects between the charging pad and the receiving pad poses a fire risk due to inductive heating, thus requiring Foreign Object Detection (FOD). Similarly, the presence of animals such as dogs or cats above or near the charging pad necessitates Live Object Detection (LOD). Additionally, Position Detection (PD) is required to determine the alignment between the charging and receiving pads. Implementing these functions necessitates the placement of auxiliary coils and complex sensing circuits on both the charging and receiving pads. For these reasons, existing wireless charging systems suffer from high cost, low efficiency, and large charging pad size. Moreover, the relatively low maturity of FOD and LOD technologies, often resulting in charging obstacles due to false detections, constitutes a major obstacle to commercialization.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another existing embodiment of a wireless charging system for electric vehicles. It illustrates a wireless charging structure for electric vehicles in which the height of the power supply coil (112) is adjusted inside the power supply pad (110) to maintain a constant air gap with the power receiving coil (122). This method utilizes the automatic parking function of the electric vehicle to align the power supply pad (110) and the power receiving pad (120) in the horizontal direction. A height adjustment device is added inside the power supply pad (110). By adjusting the height of the power supply coil (112), which is not affected by the vehicle's ground clearance, the air gap between it and the power receiving pad (120) is kept constant. This method can significantly reduce the size of the power supply pad (110) and maximize power transmission efficiency while achieving precise horizontal and vertical alignment. However, current automatic parking technology can only roughly park the vehicle in the center of the parking space, making it difficult to achieve precise horizontal alignment between the power supply pad (110) and the receiving pad (120). This is because the body size and installation position of the receiving pad (120) of different electric vehicles are different. At the same time, the size of the parking space and the installation position of the power supply pad (110) are not standardized. Therefore, in order to achieve precise horizontal alignment, electric vehicle manufacturers need to unify the installation position of the receiving pad (120) and the arrangement position of the power supply pad. However, due to the different interests among manufacturers, it is difficult to reach a consensus. As a result, it is difficult to achieve high efficiency by performing vertical alignment without achieving good horizontal alignment. In addition, since the power supply pad (110) still needs to be equipped with the same FOD and LOD functions as the existing technology, the problem of increased costs still exists.

[0040] Therefore, the present invention aims to improve the problems existing in the above-mentioned traditional wireless charging system for electric vehicles and propose a new alignment method for a wireless charging system for electric vehicles that is both economical and highly efficient.

[0041] Figure 3 This illustrates the ideal alignment of the power supply pad and the receiving pad in a wireless charging system for electric vehicles, such as... Figure 3 As shown, when the power supply pad (110) and the power receiving pad (120) are precisely aligned in both the horizontal and vertical directions, the air gap can be minimized, thereby reducing the size of the two pads while achieving high efficiency at a lower cost. However, since the power supply pad (110) is installed on the parking surface and the power receiving pad (120) is attached to the bottom of the electric vehicle, in order to achieve horizontal alignment, either the power supply pad (110) or the power receiving pad (120) must be moved. This invention proposes the latter method, namely, a method of achieving horizontal alignment by moving the power receiving pad (120), that is, by moving the electric vehicle itself.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a drawing illustrating the configuration and operation of a wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention.

[0043] The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention is essentially the same as existing wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, comprising: a parking surface (200) marked with parking lines (202); a power supply pad (210) mounted on the parking surface (200) and having a power supply coil (212) on its upper part; a power receiving pad (220) mounted on the lower part of the electric vehicle (240) and receiving power through magnetic coupling with the power supply coil (212); an inverter (230) connected to the power supply pad (210) and providing charging power; and a charging cable (232) electrically connecting the inverter (230) and the power supply pad (210), thereby including at least one wireless charger for electric vehicles. For convenience, the following description uses one wireless charger for electric vehicles as an example, but in practice, the wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention may include at least one or more wireless chargers for electric vehicles.

[0044] In addition, a wireless charging platform (not shown) can be added as needed to control the entire charging system.

[0045] The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention improves the horizontal alignment accuracy compared to conventional systems in terms of the alignment method between the power supply coil and the receiving coil, while also improving the structure for vertical alignment. Furthermore, by implementing some functions such as FOD (Foreign Object Detection) and LOD (Location Offset Detection) separately outside the power supply pad (210), the size of the power supply pad (210) can be minimized and its structure simplified, thereby maximizing power transmission efficiency.

[0046] According to the alignment method for wireless charging of electric vehicles of the present invention, when the electric vehicle (240) drives into the parking surface (200) for charging, the relative position of the power supply pad (210) relative to the receiving pad (220) is calculated in real time by identifying the parking line (202) and communicating with the inverter (230). Thus, based on the identified horizontal alignment state of the receiving pad (220) and the power supply pad (210), the vehicle can park with both in a horizontally aligned position. After horizontal alignment is completed, the height of the power supply coil is adjusted using a height adjustment device provided on the power supply pad (210), thereby performing a vertical alignment that keeps the air gap between the receiving coil (222) and the power supply pad constant.

[0047] The horizontal and vertical alignment methods according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below.

[0048] First, regarding the horizontal alignment method, in this invention, the electric vehicle (240) can memorize the position of the charging pad (220) installed inside the vehicle, and can calculate the relative position of the charging pad (220) based on a reference object present at a specific location on the parking surface identified by a camera (242) installed on the vehicle. The reference object can be a parking line (202) used to divide the parking area; the following description uses a parking line as an example, but is not limited to this.

[0049] In addition, the inverter (230) located outside the parking line (202) includes a camera and communication functions, and can memorize the relative position of the power supply pad (210) installed on the parking surface (200) relative to the parking line.

[0050] Therefore, as Figure 4 As shown in (a), when the electric vehicle (240) drives into the parking surface (200) for charging, the parking lines in front and to the side are identified by the parking line (202) identification function, and the relative position information of the power supply pad (210) is collected by communicating with the inverter (230).

[0051] During communication with the electric vehicle, the inverter (230) uses a camera mounted on the inverter to identify the license plate number of the approaching vehicle and looks up the communication ID associated with that license plate number to perform pairing. In this way, the inverter (230) and the electric vehicle (240) can achieve real-time communication, which can be carried out via Wi-Fi.

[0052] Furthermore, the wireless charging platform can communicate with the electric vehicle (240) and the user's smartphone or inverter (230) before charging begins to collect and share basic charging-related information. This basic charging-related information may include vehicle information such as vehicle type, vehicle number, and pairing information required for communication with the vehicle; charging information such as charging amount, charging cost, charging time, and charging voltage; and user information such as user name, payment method, and user input information. The inverter (230) confirms the charging intention through communication with the electric vehicle, and upon confirmation of the charging intention, initiates the charging process.

[0053] In another embodiment, a wireless charging platform can replace the inverter (230) in storing the relative position of the power supply pads with respect to the parking lines. In this case, the electric vehicle (240) can also obtain information about the relative position of the power supply pads (210) through communication with the wireless charging platform.

[0054] The electric vehicle (240) memorizes the position of the receiving pad installed inside the vehicle and, based on parking line identification information and the position information of the power supply pad (210) collected from the inverter (230), calculates the relative position of the power supply pad (210) with respect to the receiving pad (220) in real time, thereby identifying the horizontal alignment state of the two. According to the present invention, the electric vehicle (240) can display the identified horizontal alignment state on the in-vehicle display (300) and can stop accordingly to achieve horizontal alignment between the power supply pad (210) and the receiving pad (220).

[0055] However, in some cases, the parking line recognition function of the electric vehicle (240) may not be accurate enough. To compensate for this, a camera (234) mounted on the inverter (230) can detect the left-right alignment of the electric vehicle (240) as it enters the parking area, and communication can be used to support more precise vehicle alignment. The camera can be positioned on the upper part of the inverter (230) to determine the left-right alignment of the entire vehicle; in another embodiment, it can also be positioned on the lower part of the inverter (230) to directly determine the left-right alignment of the power supply pad (210) and the power receiving pad (220).

[0056] Figure 5 The accompanying drawing illustrates the alignment process of the power supply pad and the receiving pad displayed on the electric vehicle monitor when the vehicle is parked, according to the present invention. The electric vehicle (240) according to the present invention includes a monitor (300) in which the driver can guide the vehicle to achieve horizontal alignment of the two pads by displaying the relative positions of the receiving pad (220) and the power supply pad (210) calculated in real time on the monitor (300).

[0057] More specifically, the electric vehicle (240) can be displayed on the monitor (300) with a fixed position of the receiving pad (220) as a reference, and the position change of the power supply pad (210) can be displayed in real time based on the relative position of the power supply pad (210) calculated in real time. (See reference...) Figure 5 As the vehicle moves, the position of the receiving pad (220) relative to the power supply pad (210) is calculated in real time, and the calculation result is reflected and displayed on the monitor (300). In this way, the driver can make the power supply pad (210) and the receiving pad (220) accurately aligned in the horizontal direction by looking at the monitor (300), thereby completing accurate parking.

[0058] Furthermore, for electric vehicles (240) with automatic parking function, the automatic parking function, which enables the horizontal alignment of the receiving pad (220) and the power supply pad (210), can also be activated. That is, the electric vehicle (240) includes an automatic parking function, which identifies the position of the parking line when parking to automatically perform the parking operation, and automatically aligns the two pads horizontally by calculating the relative position of the receiving pad (220) installed on the vehicle with respect to the power supply pad (210).

[0059] On the other hand, depending on the structure or space of the parking surface, sometimes rear-facing parking is required, and sometimes forward-facing parking is possible. In the wireless charging system of the present invention, rear-facing and forward-facing parking surfaces can be distinguished, thereby allowing the installation position of the power supply pad (210) to be different accordingly. Typically, the power receiving pad (220) is installed near the front wheels of the vehicle; therefore, when parking forward, the power supply pad (210) is preferably installed at the front of the parking surface; while when parking rear-facing, the power supply pad (210) is preferably installed near the entrance. The wireless charging platform can guide the electric vehicle (240) to perform forward or rear-facing parking to achieve smooth wireless charging, depending on the conditions of each parking surface.

[0060] Figure 6 The accompanying drawing illustrates the overall process of horizontal alignment between a power supply pad and a receiving pad positioned on a forward-facing parking surface in a wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention. To ensure the vehicle stops accurately in the center of the parking surface, the power supply pad (210) is preferably positioned near the stop block (203). In this case, when the electric vehicle (240) enters forward, it receives the relative position information of the power supply pad (210) relative to the parking line (202) through communication with the inverter (230), and performs parking based on this information, thereby achieving horizontal alignment of the two pads.

[0061] Figure 7The accompanying drawing illustrates the overall process of aligning a power supply pad and a receiving pad in the horizontal direction on a rear-facing parking surface using the wireless charging system according to the present invention. In this case, it is preferable to position the power supply pad (210) near the entrance of the parking surface. When the electric vehicle reverses into the parking surface, it receives the relative position information of the power supply pad (210) relative to the parking line through communication with the inverter (230), and performs parking based on this information, thereby aligning the two pads in the horizontal direction.

[0062] Here, the purpose of the barrier (203) installed on the parking surface is not to determine the parking position of the vehicle, but to prevent the vehicle from exceeding the parking range. This is because the size of the vehicle, the installation position of the power receiving pad (220), and the installation position of the power supply pad (210) in the parking surface are not standardized.

[0063] On the other hand, according to the electric vehicle (240) of the present invention, as described above, horizontal alignment is performed by calculating the relative position of the power supply pad (210) with respect to the power receiving pad (220) in real time. Furthermore, in order to achieve higher precision horizontal alignment, a certain current can be applied to the power supply pad (210) during the alignment process, and the output of the power receiving coil (222) can be sensed. The horizontal alignment error is corrected by finely adjusting the vehicle position in the direction where the output reaches its maximum.

[0064] Figure 8 The accompanying drawings illustrate the configuration and operation method of a wireless charging system according to another embodiment of the present invention for achieving horizontal alignment in a home garage. Reference Figure 8 In another embodiment of the horizontal alignment method according to the present invention, wheel guides (310) are provided on both sides of the parking surface (200) along the driving direction of the vehicle, and a stopper (320) for limiting the stopping position of the vehicle when parking is further provided. By using these components, automatic horizontal alignment between the receiving pad (220) and the power supply pad (210) can be achieved when the vehicle is parked.

[0065] More specifically, when the electric vehicle (240) stops, the wheels enter a predetermined position through the wheel guide (310), and when the wheels contact the wheel stop (320), the receiving pad (220) and the power supply pad (210) of the electric vehicle (240) are horizontally aligned. Compared with the aforementioned horizontal alignment method, this method achieves horizontal alignment more easily without a complicated process, and has the advantage of simple operation. However, this method is suitable for situations where the position of the power supply pad (210) has been pre-set in the parking surface according to the specific size of the electric vehicle and the installation position of the receiving pad (220).

[0066] Therefore, preferably, the horizontal alignment method according to another embodiment of the present invention is applicable to situations where charging convenience is provided for a specific electric vehicle in private parking spaces such as family homes. In this case, a forward parking method is preferred. On the other hand, in Figure 8 The vertical alignment method between the power supply pad (210) and the receiving pad (220) and the FOD (Foreign Object Detection) method described below in the wireless charging system for electric vehicles shown can also be applied.

[0067] In this invention, after the electric vehicle wireless charging system completes horizontal alignment, vertical alignment between the power supply pad (210) and the power receiving pad (220) can be further performed to maximize power transmission efficiency.

[0068] Reference Figure 9 The power supply pad (210) according to the present invention includes a power supply coil (212) disposed on its upper part and capable of vertical movement. This structure allows adjustment of the height of the power supply coil (212), thereby creating a certain air gap between the power supply coil (212) and the receiving pad (220) to perform vertical alignment. The height of the power supply coil can be fixed to a preset air gap, but it can also be adjusted in real time according to ambient conditions such as battery voltage or temperature to maximize charging efficiency. Therefore, the electric vehicle wireless charging system according to the present invention can pre-collect and store at least one optimal power supply coil (212) height information corresponding to ambient environmental factors.

[0069] However, in this invention, the power supply coil (212) is preferably able to prevent the entry of external metal foreign objects during charging, and by controlling the distance between it and the charging pad (220) within a predetermined size (e.g., 20 mm), the magnetic field influence on the external organism is kept below the standard value.

[0070] In addition, as in the case of horizontal alignment, the wireless charging platform can start the inverter (230) at the beginning of vertical alignment, apply a certain current to the power supply coil, and perform micro vertical alignment until the output reaches the maximum point by sensing the output of the power receiving coil (222).

[0071] Furthermore, during the adjustment of the height of the power supply pad (210), tuning is performed by gradually increasing the height of the power supply coil from its original position, preferably while satisfying the soft-switching conditions of the inverter (230). For example, to satisfy the soft-switching conditions of the inverter (230), tuning should be performed in the direction of decreasing leakage inductance. That is, soft switching can only be guaranteed when the resonant frequency on the TX side is lower than the switching frequency. If the gap is increased, the leakage inductance will increase, and the resonant frequency will be formed on a much lower side. If the gap is gradually reduced, the leakage inductance will become smaller and smaller, and the resonant frequency will become higher and higher. Tuning will stop when it reaches a certain range lower than the switching frequency. At this time, a rectifier that rectifies the output of the receiving coil can be included, and the phase difference between the voltage and current of the rectifier is detected. Based on this phase difference, micro-vertical alignment between the power supply coil (222) and the receiving pad (220) is performed.

[0072] On the other hand, charging begins after the power supply coil (212) in the wireless charging system for electric vehicles is vertically aligned with the power receiving coil (222). However, if the height of the electric vehicle changes due to reasons such as people getting off or getting on the vehicle, causing the air gap between the power supply coil and the power receiving coil to exceed a predetermined value, charging can be temporarily suspended and restarted after the height of the power supply pad (210) is readjusted.

[0073] Figure 10 It is an indication of the basis Figure 9 The attached diagram shows the power supply pad structure used for vertical alignment.

[0074] In this invention, the power supply pad (210) includes a power supply coil disposed on its upper part, and includes a structure capable of adjusting the height of the power supply coil and a self-driving part for driving the structure, thereby enabling the power supply pad itself to achieve a height adjustment function.

[0075] Reference Figure 10 The height adjustment device (400) of the power supply pad (210) of the present invention includes two sets of X-shaped X-lifting mechanisms (410) arranged between the bottom plate of the power supply pad (210) and the power supply coil (212). The four support structures on one side of the X-lifting mechanism (410) can be formed by fixed bearings (430), and the four support structures on the other side can be formed by sliding bearings (420).

[0076] Furthermore, the X-lifting mechanism (410) may include a connecting rod (440) connected between two lower sliding bearings (420). The X-lifting mechanism (410) is driven by pushing or pulling the connecting rod (440). For this purpose, it may further include a linear drive unit (450) for pushing or pulling the connecting rod (440). For example, when the linear drive unit (450) pushes the connecting rod (440), the structure of the X-lifting mechanism (410) connected to the sliding bearings (420) slides, causing the height of the power supply coil (212) to decrease; conversely, when the connecting rod (440) is pulled, the height of the power supply coil (212) increases.

[0077] Here, the linear drive unit (450) of the drive connecting rod (440) is connected between the connecting rod (440) and the base plate of the power supply pad (210), and can be implemented by bolt-nut or rack-pinion structure. For example, the rack-pinion linear drive unit can achieve linear motion by fixing one end of the rack gear (460) to the connecting rod (440) and the other end through a linear bearing set at the bottom of the power supply pad (210). In addition, a pinion (462) meshing with the rack gear (460) can be provided, and a reduction gear with a certain gear ratio and a motor (464) can be provided, so that the height of the power supply coil (212) can be adjusted by pushing or pulling the rack gear (460).

[0078] On the other hand, in this invention, the X lifting mechanism (410) may further include a fixing device for preventing structural movement after the height adjustment of the power supply coil (212) is completed to achieve alignment with the power receiving coil (222). This fixing device may be released manually or automatically as needed, thereby allowing the power supply coil (212) to descend back to its original position.

[0079] For example, the rack-pinion linear drive unit (450) may include an annular member (470) that is spring-pressed when the rack gear (460) is connected to the connecting rod (440). A slot (480) is formed on the rack gear (460), and the annular member (470) engages with the slot (480), enabling the connecting rod (440) to perform linear motion. Furthermore, an electromagnet (490) is provided on the upper part of the annular member (470). In an emergency, the electromagnet (490) is driven to lift the annular member (470), thereby separating the annular member (470) from the rack gear (460) and allowing the power supply coil (212) to naturally descend back to its original position under gravity. This structure also prevents damage to the X-lifting mechanism (410) when the power supply coil (212) is subjected to excessive pressure due to external forces.

[0080] According to another embodiment, the tooth surfaces of the rack and pinion (460) and the pinion (462) can be made into a gently sloping structure, and the pinion (462) can be held in place by a spring instead of being fixed. Therefore, when the upper part of the power supply coil (212) is subjected to pressure exceeding a certain level, the pinion (462) will be lifted and slide, thereby causing the X lifting mechanism (410) to automatically descend.

[0081] On the other hand, although not shown in the figure, the linear drive unit can be composed of a bolt and a nut. In this case, one end of the bolt is fixed to the connecting rod (440) and connected in a rotatable manner, while the other end of the bolt is fixed to the base plate of the power supply pad (210) by a nut that meshes with the bolt. In addition, a gear is formed on the bolt, and a reduction gear and a motor corresponding to the gear and having a certain gear ratio are provided on the base plate of the power supply pad (210). By rotating the bolt with the motor, the connecting rod (440) is pushed or pulled to adjust the height of the power supply coil (212). The bolt-nut linear drive unit can also be the same as the aforementioned rack-pinion linear drive unit, further including a fixing device based on a ring member and a slot structure, which can also be released by an electromagnet.

[0082] On the other hand, depending on the arrangement of the motor-reducer assembly or other mechanisms in the linear drive unit, even when the power supply coil (212) is lowered to its original position, the basic height of the power supply pad (210), i.e., the overall height of the power supply pad (210), may still be too high, thus causing interference when the electric vehicle (240) stops. In this case, the motor-reducer assembly can be arranged outside the power supply coil (212), and the overall height of the power supply pad (210) can be reduced by extending the rack and pinion structure. At this time, the power supply pad (210) will become longer in one direction, such as... Figure 2 As shown, its overall size is achieved by increasing the area.

[0083] Figure 11 This is an accompanying drawing illustrating a method for vertical alignment of a power supply coil using a pad alignment device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] In another embodiment of the invention, the power supply pad (210) is equipped with an externally located movable pad aligner (500) for adjusting the height of the power supply coil (212). When a charging request from a specific electric vehicle occurs, the movable pad aligner (500) can be invoked to adjust the height of the power supply coil (212), thereby keeping the air gap between the receiving coil (222) and the power supply coil (212) constant, achieving vertical alignment. That is, in the vertical alignment method of another embodiment of the invention, the direct drive device for vertical alignment of the power supply coil (212) and the receiving coil (222) is not located inside the power supply pad (210), but is arranged outside the power supply pad (210), and one pad aligner (500) can align multiple (e.g., 20 to 50) wireless chargers. Therefore, the size of the power supply pad (210) can be minimized and its structure simplified, while improving system efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0085] Therefore, such as Figure 11 As shown, the pad aligner (500) basically includes a directional drive unit (522), a main body (510), two arms (520), one or more forks (521) disposed inside each arm (520), a lifting drive unit (530) for lifting the arms (520) or forks (521), one or more cameras (540), a lidar sensor (542), lighting devices (543, 544), a thermal imaging camera (545), and a pad aligner controller (not shown) with wireless communication capabilities. Furthermore, the pad aligner (500) according to the invention is equipped with cameras (540) and a thermal imaging camera (545), which can be used to detect the presence of foreign objects on the power supply pad (210) or power receiving pad (220) without the need for expensive FOD equipment. Details of this will be further elaborated in the subsequent description of the FOD method of the present invention.

[0086] In this invention, the pad alignment device (500) uses a lidar sensor (542), a camera (540), etc., to move to the parking space where the electric vehicle that needs to be charged is located in an autonomous driving manner. It approaches the power supply pad (210) through the lighting device (543, 544) and the camera (540), and then unfolds the forks (521) on both sides of the power supply pad (210) to move the power supply coil (212) to achieve vertical alignment with the power receiving coil (222).

[0087] In addition, the pad alignment device (500) can be designed to facilitate the lifting and moving of the power supply coil (212).

[0088] Here, the pad aligner (500) can be configured to facilitate vertical alignment of the power receiving coil (222) by lifting and moving the power supply coil (212). For example, the two arms (520) of the pad aligner (500) can be integrally fixed to the body (510) and extend outward to facilitate lifting and moving the power supply coil (212), while the forks (521) provided inside each arm (520) can include extendable and retractable functions to clamp the power supply coil (212). In addition, the forks (521) can be implemented to be vertically raised and lowered to adjust the position of the power supply coil (212).

[0089] Therefore, refer to Figure 11 (a) to Figure 11 (c) When the pad aligner (500) approaches the power supply pad (210), it unfolds the fork (521) toward the power supply pad (210) to grasp the power supply coil (212), or more specifically, to grasp the plate that constitutes the power supply coil (212) and lift it up. Then, vertical alignment is performed by vertically moving the power supply coil (212), and after alignment is completed, the fork (521) is reset, thereby completing a series of vertical alignment processes.

[0090] On the other hand, the power supply pad (210) may have two or more grooves or protrusions (550) on its upper sides so that the fork (521) of the pad aligner (500) can lift the power supply coil (212).

[0091] In addition, although not explicitly shown, the power supply pad (210) may include a structure that enables the power supply coil (212) to move in a vertical direction, and may also include a fixing device for fixing the structure and preventing it from moving after the pad aligner (500) moves the power supply coil (212) and completes the alignment with the power receiving coil (222).

[0092] Figure 12 and Figure 13 This is a drawing illustrating the FOD (Foreign Object Detection) method according to the present invention.

[0093] As previously described, the electric vehicle wireless charging system of the present invention can detect the presence of foreign objects on the power supply pad (210) or the receiving pad without using a complex and costly independent FOD device. Furthermore, since this foreign object detection function is independently located outside the power supply pad (210), the size of the power supply pad (210) can be reduced, system efficiency can be improved, and the manufacturing cost of the entire wireless charging system can be further reduced.

[0094] Therefore, according to the present invention, the electric vehicle wireless charging system can use an inverter (230) structure installed in the parking space to detect whether there are foreign objects attached above the power supply pad (210) or below the power receiving pad before or during the charging process of the electric vehicle.

[0095] First, refer to Figure 12 In this invention, an inverter (230) is installed outside the parking space and includes a camera (234) facing the charging pad (210) and a lighting device (236), which enable FOD detection to be performed before charging begins. More specifically, in order for the camera (234) to clearly capture the upper surface of the charging pad (210), the inverter (230) can be installed at a position that raises the camera (234) and the lighting device (236) to a certain height above the ground. With this configuration, when there is no vehicle in the parking space, the inverter (230) can use the camera (234) to visually detect and determine whether there are any metallic foreign objects on the charging pad (210).

[0096] When performing metal foreign object detection, the inverter (230) can utilize big data related to the shape or color of the metal foreign object for analysis. Furthermore, it continuously learns from the results data during the analysis process, thereby gradually improving the accuracy of foreign object detection.

[0097] According to another embodiment, the inverter (230) can be installed outside the parking space and includes a thermal imaging camera (238) facing the power supply pad (210) to perform FOD detection. More specifically, in order for the thermal imaging camera (238) to clearly observe the upper surface of the power supply pad (210), the inverter (230) can be installed at a position that places the thermal imaging camera (238) at a certain height above the ground. When there is no vehicle in the parking space, the thermal imaging camera (238) can detect whether there are hot spots on the power supply pad (210) caused by metallic foreign objects by periodically applying current to the power supply coil (212). At this time, the inverter (230) can be configured to distinguish and analyze the heating caused by metallic foreign objects from the heating of the power supply coil (212) itself.

[0098] On the other hand, when the inverter (230) detects a foreign object on the power supply pad (210), it can send a warning message to the approaching driver before charging, prompting him to remove the foreign object before parking. After the driver removes the foreign object, the inverter (230) can re-perform the FOD detection and send a charging feasible signal to the electric vehicle (240) after confirming that the charging conditions are met. Then, when the electric vehicle (240) parks in the parking space, the system starts charging.

[0099] Additionally, refer to Figure 13According to the power supply pad (210) of the present invention, one or more second thermal imaging cameras (600) or second cameras (610) are provided on the outside of the power supply coil (212). These cameras protrude outward relative to the upper surface of the power supply coil (212) at a predetermined distance (e.g., within 10 mm) to detect in real time whether there is a heat point caused by a metallic foreign object or the presence of an external organism between the power supply pad (210) and the receiving pad (220) during the charging process of an electric vehicle. On the other hand, although Figure 13 The second camera (610) may be the same as the camera of the aforementioned inverter (230) and may be equipped with a lighting device.

[0100] Here, the second thermal imaging camera (600) and the second camera (610), which are installed together with the power supply coil (212), are preferably configured to observe the space between the power supply pad and the receiving pad without blind spots. Therefore, as... Figure 13 As shown in (a), these cameras can be centrally located and protrude outwards from the center of the outer edge of the power supply coil (212), and can be implemented using wide-angle cameras with a wide field of view to ensure sufficient field of view.

[0101] On the other hand, as mentioned above, in order to reduce the overall height of the power supply pad (210), the present invention proposes a solution in which the drive unit for vertical alignment—for example, a motor-reducer assembly—is arranged outside the power supply coil (212), and the overall height of the power supply pad (210) is reduced by extending the rack-and-pinion structure. In this structure, one side of the power supply pad (210) becomes correspondingly longer, thereby creating extra space. In the present invention, preferably as follows... Figure 13 As shown in (c), the empty space can be used to install a second thermal imaging camera (600) and a second camera (610). According to this installation method, even if there are differences in the size of different vehicles or the installation position of the receiving pad, which causes the distance between the power supply pad and the receiving pad to change when vertically aligned, the space between the two can be observed more accurately.

[0102] According to another embodiment, the inverter (230) may be equipped with a third thermal imaging camera or a third camera and a third lighting device at a height that can monitor the space between the power supply coil (212) and the charging pad (220) so as to detect whether there is a hot spot caused by a metal foreign object between the power supply coil (212) and the charging pad (220) or whether an external organism is detected in the surrounding area during the charging process.

[0103] The electric vehicle wireless charging system according to the present invention may be equipped with at least one such Figure 12 and Figure 13The camera or thermal imaging camera shown is used to detect whether there are any metallic foreign objects on the power supply pad (210). In addition, the above-mentioned device can not only realize the FOD (Foreign Object Detection) function, but also realize the LOD (Location Detection) and other functions at the same time.

[0104] On the other hand, when according to Figure 11 As shown, when the electric vehicle wireless charging system of the present invention is aligned using the pad aligner (500), the presence of metallic foreign objects can also be detected by the pad aligner.

[0105] For example, the pad alignment device (500) can use its own camera (540) and lighting device (543, 544) to detect whether there are foreign objects attached above the power supply pad (210) or below the power receiving pad (220).

[0106] In addition, when the inverter (230) applies current to the power supply coil, the pad alignment device can also detect the hot spot on the power supply pad (210) through the thermal imaging camera (545) to determine whether there is a metal foreign object.

[0107] Figure 14 The accompanying drawings illustrate the structure and charging process of the wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention. According to the present invention, the electric vehicle wireless charging system comprises one or more wireless charging parking spaces equipped with a power supply pad (210) and an inverter (230), which together form a wireless charging parking area. When an electric vehicle intending to be wirelessly charged enters this wireless charging parking area, the charging process is as follows.

[0108] When no vehicle is parked in any of the wireless charging parking spaces, the inverter (230) uses its built-in camera (234) and thermal imaging camera (238) to detect whether there are any metallic foreign objects on the power supply pad (210). When a specific electric vehicle enters the wireless charging parking area for wireless charging, the vehicle selects a parking space from the vacant spaces where no foreign objects are detected, or, if foreign objects are detected, removes the foreign objects before parking.

[0109] The inverter (230) corresponding to the parking space identifies the license plate number of the electric vehicle (240) entering and pairs it with a pre-assigned unique communication ID corresponding to that license plate number, thereby initiating communication. The inverter (230) confirms the charging intention of the electric vehicle (240) and initiates the charging process upon confirmation of the charging intention. To this end, the wireless charging platform (700) communicates with the user's smartphone requesting charging and the inverter (230). Subsequently, when a charging request is received from a specific electric vehicle or its owner's smartphone, the charging request is shared with the inverter (230) and the charging procedure continues.

[0110] The electric vehicle (240) uses its onboard parking line recognition function to simultaneously identify parking lines in front and to the side, and obtains the relative position information of the power supply pad (210) from the inverter (230) through communication with it.

[0111] The electric vehicle (240) calculates the relative position of the power supply pad (210) to the power receiving pad (220) in real time based on the parking line identification information and the position information of the power supply pad (210) obtained from the inverter (230), thereby identifying the horizontal alignment state of the two.

[0112] The electric vehicle (240) displays the charging pad (220) in the center of the in-vehicle display screen (300), and the corresponding position of the charging pad (210) in the parking space is also displayed on the screen. The driver can refer to the display screen (300) to manually park the vehicle (240) to align the charging pad (220) with the charging pad (210) in the parking space, or use the automatic parking function to achieve automatic parking. Afterwards, the inverter (230) applies a certain current to the power supply coil (212), and the electric vehicle (240) searches for the point with the maximum output power of the collector coil (222) and performs fine-tuning alignment via the XY axis. After the wireless charging system completes the horizontal alignment, the vertical alignment between the charging pad (220) and the charging pad (210) is then performed.

[0113] At this time, the power supply pad (210) includes a power supply coil (212) that can move vertically, and vertical alignment with the power receiving pad (220) can be achieved by adjusting the height of the power supply coil (212).

[0114] In another embodiment, the power supply pad (210) is equipped with an externally located movable pad aligner (500) for adjusting the height of the power supply coil (212). When a charging request is received from a specific electric vehicle, the movable pad aligner (500) can be invoked to adjust the height of the power supply coil (212) to achieve vertical alignment so that the air gap between the receiving coil (222) and the power supply coil (212) remains constant.

[0115] Similarly, during vertical alignment, the power supply pad (210) can sense the output of the receiving coil (222) corresponding to the constant current applied to the power supply coil (212) by the inverter (230), and based on the sensing result, finely adjust the height of the power supply coil (212) along the position direction where the output of the receiving coil (222) reaches its maximum, thereby performing precise vertical alignment.

[0116] Once the horizontal and vertical alignment of the receiving coil (222) is completed, the inverter (230) begins charging via communication with the electric vehicle (240). During the charging process, if the vehicle height changes due to environmental changes such as temperature and humidity, or factors such as the user getting in and out of the vehicle, causing the air gap between the power supply pad (210) and the receiving pad (220) to exceed a predetermined value, the inverter (230) will temporarily suspend charging and re-execute the alignment process.

[0117] Even when the electric vehicle (240) is charging, thermal imaging cameras and cameras installed on the inverter (230), power supply pad (210), or pad alignment device (500) can be used to detect whether there are any metallic foreign objects on the power supply pad (210) or whether there are any living beings in the vicinity. If a metallic foreign object is detected on the power supply pad (210) or a living being is detected in the vicinity, the inverter (230) will immediately stop charging.

[0118] After charging is completed, the inverter (230) executes the billing procedure and performs billing after confirming the billing function of the electric vehicle (240).

[0119] On the other hand, although Figure 14 The document describes the sequential execution of each step, but is not limited to this. In other words, it can be... Figure 14 The steps shown can be modified or one or more steps can be performed in parallel, therefore... Figure 14 It is not limited to the execution process in chronological order.

[0120] As described above, embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in this specification and accompanying drawings. Although specific terminology is used, these terms are only for the purpose of illustrating the technical content of the present invention and aiding in understanding the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition to the disclosed embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other modified embodiments can be implemented based on the technical concept of the present invention.

[0121] (Explanation of the labels in the attached diagram) 100, 200: Parking spaces; 102, 202: Parking lines; 110, 210: Power supply mats; 112, 212: Power supply coils; 120, 220: Receiving pads; 122, 222: Receiving coils; 130, 230: Inverter; 132, 232: Charging cable; 203, 320: Parking stop; 234: Camera; 236: Lighting device; 238: Thermal imaging camera; 240: Electric vehicle; 242: Electric vehicle camera; 300: Display screen (monitor); 310: Wheel guide device; 400: Height adjustment device; 410: X-type lifting mechanism (X-lifting frame); 420: Sliding bearing; 430: Fixed bearing; 440: Connecting rod; 450: Linear drive unit; 460: Rack; 462: Pinion (gear shaft); 464: Motor; 470: Snap ring; 480: Groove (slot); 490: Electromagnet; 500: Alignment pad; 510: Alignment body; 520: Arm; 521: Fork (support fork); 522: Drive unit; 530: Lifting drive unit; 540: Camera; 542: LiDAR sensor; 543, 544: Lighting devices; 545: Thermal imaging camera; 600: Second thermal imaging camera; 610: Second camera; 700: Wireless charging platform.

Claims

1. A wireless charging system for electric vehicles, characterized in that, include: Parking areas marked with parking lines; A power supply pad installed on the parking surface; An inverter that provides AC power to the power supply pad and has communication capabilities; Electric vehicles equipped with parking line recognition and communication functions using cameras; A power receiving pad attached to the bottom of the electric vehicle; and a wireless charging platform; The electric vehicle is used to memorize the attachment position of the charging pad inside the vehicle, and the inverter is used to memorize the position of the power supply pad in the parking surface with the parking line as a reference. When the electric vehicle drives into the parking surface for charging, it communicates with the inverter and uses a camera to identify the parking line, calculates the relative position of the charging pad and the power supply pad in real time, and thus identifies the horizontal alignment state of the charging pad and the power supply pad in the electric vehicle wireless charging system.

2. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric vehicle includes a display that shows the position of a fixed charging pad when the vehicle is parked, calculates the relative position of the charging pad and the power supply pad, and displays the calculation result on the display. This allows the driver to guide the vehicle to park while confirming the display, thus enabling the power supply pad and the charging pad to be horizontally aligned in a wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

3. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric vehicle is equipped with an automatic parking function. When parking, it identifies the position of the parking line to automatically perform the parking operation. However, by calculating the relative position of the receiving pad and the power supply pad attached to the electric vehicle, the power supply pad and the receiving pad are horizontally aligned to achieve automatic parking. This is an electric vehicle wireless charging system.

4. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric vehicle performs a parking operation by calculating the relative position of the receiving pad and the power supply pad, thereby achieving horizontal alignment between the two pads. The inverter is activated when the electric vehicle begins to enter the parking surface to achieve horizontal alignment, applying a constant current to the power supply coil. During the horizontal alignment process, the electric vehicle senses the output of the receiving coil caused by the constant current applied to the power supply coil, and based on the sensing result, fine-tunes the vehicle position until the output of the receiving coil reaches its maximum, thereby correcting the horizontal alignment error between the power supply pad and the receiving pad in this electric vehicle wireless charging system.

5. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inverter located outside the parking surface and supplying power to the power pad includes a camera mounted facing the vehicle. When the electric vehicle enters the parking surface, the inverter identifies the electric vehicle's ID by recognizing its license plate number, thereby pairing the inverter with the electric vehicle and performing real-time communication. Upon confirming that the electric vehicle intends to charge, the inverter performs the charging process when the charging intention is confirmed. This is an electric vehicle wireless charging system.

6. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric vehicle performs a parking operation by calculating the relative position of the receiving pad and the power supply pad, so that the power supply pad and the receiving pad are horizontally aligned. The inverter includes a camera mounted facing the vehicle. When the electric vehicle starts to drive into the parking surface to achieve horizontal alignment, the camera in the inverter detects the left and right alignment status of the electric vehicle and supports the electric vehicle to accurately perform left and right alignment through communication in the electric vehicle wireless charging system.

7. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply pad includes a power supply coil that can move vertically on its upper part. By adjusting the height of the power supply coil, it is adjusted to be aligned vertically with the receiving pad, thus forming a wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

8. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply pad increases the height of the power supply coil in stages at a certain magnitude and performs a tuning operation to enable a vertically aligned wireless charging system for electric vehicles while meeting the inverter soft-switching conditions.

9. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply pad, as a height adjustment structure, includes an X-lifting mechanism composed of two X-shaped structures, disposed between the base plate of the power supply pad and the power supply coil. One side of the X-lifting mechanism is composed of a fixed bearing, and the other side is composed of a sliding bearing. It also includes a connecting rod connecting the two lower sliding bearings. The X-lifting mechanism is driven by pushing or pulling the connecting rod. The device also includes a wireless charging system for electric vehicles with a linear drive unit connected to the connecting rod and used to push or pull the connecting rod.

10. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 9, characterized in that, The linear drive unit has a rack and pinion structure and includes a fixing device made of an electromagnet. In an emergency, the fixing device is released by the electromagnet, causing the power supply coil to descend under gravity and return to its original groove position in the wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

11. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter is arranged outside the parking surface and includes a camera and lighting device mounted facing the power pad. The inverter is mounted such that the camera and lighting device are at a certain height above the ground so that the camera can clearly see the upper surface of the power pad and, when there is no vehicle on the parking surface, the camera can be used to check for foreign objects on the power pad for the electric vehicle wireless charging system.

12. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter is located outside the parking surface and includes a thermal imaging camera facing the power supply pad. The inverter is mounted such that the thermal imaging camera is at a certain height above the ground so that the thermal imaging camera can clearly see the upper surface of the power supply pad. When there is no vehicle on the parking surface, it periodically applies current to the power supply coil and detects whether there are hot spots on the power supply pad caused by metal foreign objects through the thermal imaging camera, distinguishing them from the heat generated by the power supply coil itself. This is a wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

13. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply pad is provided with one or more second thermal imaging cameras or second cameras and second lighting devices protruding from the surface of the power supply coil at a distance not exceeding a predetermined distance on the outer periphery of the power supply coil, so as to detect in real time whether there are hot spots caused by metal foreign objects or external biological bodies between the power supply pad and the receiving pad during the electric vehicle charging process.

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