Biological filter-based slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process

Abstract

The present application provides a slaughter wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter, comprising the following steps: S1: collecting a demulsification effect characteristic parameter of a pretreatment process in the wastewater treatment process, and preprocessing original data of the collected demulsification effect characteristic parameter; S2: performing standardization processing on the pretreated demulsification effect characteristic parameter to generate a demulsification comprehensive index; S3: collecting an operation health parameter in the biological filter, and preprocessing original data of the operation health parameter; S4: performing standardization processing on the pretreated operation health parameter to generate a process health index; and S5: generating an overall health index based on the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index. The present application constructs the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index, and fuses to generate the overall health index, so as to perform collaborative control between a flotation pretreatment unit and a biological filter main unit, guarantee the system impact load resistance and operation stability, and reduce the reagent consumption and operation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter. Background Technology

[0002] Slaughterhouse wastewater is characterized by large fluctuations in flow rate, high organic matter concentration, and high levels of oil and suspended solids. Currently, biofilter-based treatment processes have become one of the mainstream technologies in this field due to their advantages such as strong resistance to shock loads and stable operation. However, there are still problems such as a lack of inter-unit linkage and lag in response. When water quality fluctuates, it is difficult to match the pretreatment effect with the actual carrying capacity of the biological system in real time. To address this issue, a real-time quantitative evaluation system for pretreatment effect and biofilter operation status can be established. This system would allow operators to use a comprehensive and intuitive indicator to promptly warn of system anomalies and to precisely control the entire process, thereby further improving the stability, economy, and shock resistance of the process.

[0003] The prior art, disclosed in CN115818902A, discloses a method for treating slaughterhouse wastewater. This technology includes: solid-liquid separation of slaughterhouse wastewater; pretreatment; flocculation; electroflotation; acidification; aerobic biological treatment; preliminary microbial treatment; and advanced microbial treatment. In this scheme, the flocculation combined with electroflotation treatment process improves the removal rate of CODcr and color in the wastewater in a simple and stable manner. Secondly, the aerobic biological treatment process degrades different types of organic matter in the wastewater, further improving the treatment effect. Finally, the microbial treatment process, through preliminary treatment combined with advanced treatment, fully removes microorganisms from the wastewater, further optimizing the removal of CODcr, SS, color, and ammonia nitrogen, resulting in good removal efficiency. This method is easy to operate and produces high-quality treatment.

[0004] However, in the aforementioned existing technologies, the pretreatment unit and the biofilter unit are mostly controlled independently, lacking a dynamic linkage mechanism. Operators often adjust the dosage and aeration intensity based on experience or fixed schedules, making it difficult to match the operating status of the two units in real time according to fluctuations in influent water quality. When the pretreatment effect is insufficient, excessive oil entering the biofilter can easily lead to biofilm poisoning or clogging; while over-pretreatment results in waste of chemicals and increased sludge production. In addition, existing processes lack a real-time quantitative evaluation system for pretreatment effectiveness and the health of biofilter operation, failing to provide timely warnings of system anomalies, leading to delayed control and difficulty in balancing operational stability and treatment efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process that can achieve coordinated control of pretreatment and biological treatment, and possess real-time status assessment and dynamic response capabilities.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biofilter to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. This invention achieves dynamic and coordinated control between the air flotation pretreatment unit and the main biofilter unit by constructing a dual evaluation system of demulsification comprehensive index and process health index, and integrating them to generate an overall health index. This solves the problems of independent pretreatment and biological treatment and lagging regulation in traditional processes. While ensuring the system's resistance to shock loads and operational stability, it significantly reduces reagent consumption and operating costs, realizing intelligent and precise slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on biological filters includes the following steps:

[0009] S1: Collect demulsification effect characteristic parameters of the pretreatment process in the wastewater treatment process. The demulsification effect characteristic parameters include the Zeta potential, pH value, turbidity and oil content in the current water body. Preprocess the raw data of the collected demulsification effect characteristic parameters, including outlier removal.

[0010] S2: Standardize the demulsification effect characteristic parameters after preprocessing, convert the demulsification effect characteristic parameters into characteristic parameter scores, and generate a comprehensive demulsification index by weighted integration of the standardized characteristic parameter scores, which is used to evaluate the air flotation demulsification effect in real time.

[0011] S3: Collect operational health parameters from the biological filter, including dissolved oxygen content, oxidation-reduction potential, effluent pH, and temperature, and preprocess the raw data of the collected operational health parameters.

[0012] S4: Standardize the pre-treated operating health parameters and convert them into health parameter scores. Through weighted integration, generate a process health index from the standardized operating health parameter scores to evaluate the operating status of the biological filter in real time.

[0013] S5: Generate an overall health index based on the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index. The overall health index integrates the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index in real time and introduces a collaborative score for weighted calculation. According to the preset threshold range of the overall health index, automatically select the corresponding control mode and dynamically adjust the dosage of the air flotation unit and the aeration intensity of the biological filter to match the demulsification effect with the biodegradation capacity.

[0014] Furthermore, outlier removal is performed on the demulsification effect feature parameters. This outlier removal includes: setting a threshold range based on physical meaning, identifying data points exceeding the threshold range as measurement outliers and removing them; setting a maximum allowable fluctuation range based on the time series change rate, identifying data points with instantaneous changes exceeding the fluctuation range as disturbance outliers and removing them; and performing consistency verification based on the physical correlation of the demulsification effect feature parameters, identifying data points that do not conform to the correlation logic as contradictory outliers and removing them. After removing outliers, the remaining valid data is timestamped and interpolated to form a continuous and complete standardized dataset.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the physical meaning of each demulsification effect characteristic parameter and its contribution to the demulsification effect, the original data with unified dimensions are mapped to a standardized scoring interval of [0, 1]. The standardization process includes: for the Zeta potential parameter, based on the negative correlation between absolute value and colloidal stability, it is set that when the absolute value is not higher than 25mV, the score decreases linearly with the increase of the absolute value, and when the absolute value is higher than 25mV, the score is 0; for the pH value parameter, based on its influence on the hydrolytic activity of the coagulant, the optimal response range is preset to 6.5-7.5. The score takes the maximum value of 1.0 within the range, and decreases segmentally according to a preset gradient as the pH value deviates from the range. For the turbidity parameter, based on the positive correlation between turbidity value and suspended solids concentration, it is set that when the turbidity is not higher than 50 NTU, the score decreases linearly with the increase of turbidity, and the score is 0 when the turbidity is higher than 50 NTU. For the oil content parameter, based on the positive correlation between oil concentration and the ease of demulsification, it is set that when the oil content is not higher than 50 mg / L, the score decreases linearly with the increase of oil content, and the score is 0 when the oil content is higher than 50 mg / L.

[0016] Furthermore, the standardized feature parameter scores generate a demulsification index, which is obtained using the following formula:

[0017] ,

[0018] in: The demulsification index ranges from [0,1], with higher values ​​indicating better demulsification effects.

[0019] Zeta potential score;

[0020] Rate the pH value;

[0021] Turbidity score;

[0022] Scoring based on fat content;

[0023] pH penalty factor;

[0024] The weighting coefficients for Zeta potential score, pH score, turbidity score, and oil content score satisfy the following conditions: ,and .

[0025] Furthermore, the pH penalty factor is a key correction coefficient in the calculation of the demulsification comprehensive index, setting a prerequisite constraint on the coagulation and demulsification effect based on pH value; the penalty factor is defined as: when the pH value is... hour, This indicates that the pH is within a relatively suitable range, and the demulsification process can proceed normally; when the pH value is... hour, This indicates that the pH has deviated significantly from the optimal range. At this point, regardless of the performance of other parameters, the actual demulsification effect will be significantly inhibited.

[0026] Furthermore, the raw data of the collected operational health parameters are preprocessed. This preprocessing includes constructing multiple judgment criteria based on the physical effective range and dynamic change characteristics of the operational health parameters to identify and remove outliers from the raw data. Outlier removal includes: physical threshold filtering, which, based on the actual operating conditions of the biological filter, presets reasonable ranges for each operational health parameter, including: dissolved oxygen content exceeding 0-8 mg / L in the aerobic zone and 0-1 mg / L in the anaerobic zone; oxidation-reduction potential exceeding -500mV to +500mV; biochemical effluent pH exceeding 6.0-9.0; and temperature exceeding 5... Data points with temperatures between ℃ and 45℃ are identified as measurement outliers and removed. For rate of change limits, considering the slow changes in biological system parameters, a maximum allowable fluctuation range is set for each operational health parameter per unit time. Data points with a rate of change exceeding 0.5 mg / L dissolved oxygen, 20 mV oxidation-reduction potential, 0.1 pH, and 0.5℃ per minute are identified as disturbance outliers and removed. For consistency verification, cross-validation is performed based on the positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential, and the seasonal correlation between pH and temperature. Data points that do not conform to the physical correlation logic are identified as contradictory outliers and removed.

[0027] Furthermore, the pre-treated operational health parameters are standardized and converted into health parameter scores. The process is as follows: Effective data for four dimensions—dissolved oxygen content, oxidation-reduction potential, effluent pH, and temperature—after outlier removal are input into the standardization unit. Based on their physical meaning and contribution to the operational health of the biofilter, corresponding scoring functions are constructed. For dissolved oxygen content, the optimal range is set to 2.5-4.0 mg / L, with a score of 1.0 within this range; scores decrease linearly below and above this range. For oxidation-reduction potential, an ideal potential of no less than 200 mV is set for aerobic biofilters; scores increase with increasing potential, and are zero below 50 mV. For effluent pH, the optimal response range is set to 6.8-7.8, with a score of 1.0 within this range, decreasing according to a preset gradient as pH deviates. For temperature, the optimal range is set to 20-35℃, with a score of 1.0 within this range; scores decrease linearly below and above this range, and are zero outside the 10-45℃ range.

[0028] Furthermore, the standardized operational health parameter scores generate a process health index, which is calculated using the following formula:

[0029] ,

[0030] in: The process health index has a value range of [0,1]. The higher the value, the healthier the biological filter is in operation.

[0031] Scoring based on dissolved oxygen content;

[0032] Scoring based on redox potential;

[0033] pH score for biochemical effluent;

[0034] Rate the temperature;

[0035] This is the load penalty factor;

[0036] The weighting coefficients for dissolved oxygen content score, oxidation-reduction potential score, effluent pH score, and temperature score are respectively, and the weighting coefficients satisfy the following conditions: And the relationship between the weighting coefficients is as follows: .

[0037] Furthermore, the load penalty factor is set based on the restrictive influence of influent hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of the biological filter; the penalty factor is defined as a load rate function determined by the ratio of the actual influent flow rate to the designed treatment capacity of the biological filter: when the load rate... hour, This indicates that the influent load is within the optimal operating range of the biological system, and no reduction is made to the process health index; when the load rate hour, This indicates that as the load rate increases, the hydraulic retention time decreases, the pressure on the biological system gradually increases, and the process health index decreases moderately according to a linear relationship; when the load rate... hour, This indicates that the system is in a state of significant overload. Even if environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH are good, the actual treatment efficiency of the biological filter has been severely suppressed, and the process health index should be forcibly reduced. The introduction of the penalty factor aims to objectively reflect the restrictive effect of hydraulic load on biological metabolic activity and avoid misjudging the state of the biological system under overload conditions.

[0038] Furthermore, the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index are combined to generate an overall health index, which is obtained using the following formula: ,

[0039] in: This is the overall health index, with a value range of [0,1]. A higher value indicates a better overall system performance.

[0040] The collaboration score, ranging from [0,1], measures the degree of matching between DI and PHI.

[0041] These are the weighting coefficients for the demulsification comprehensive index, the process health index, and the synergy score, respectively. and ;

[0042] Based on the threshold range of the overall health index, a comparison is made with pre-stored multi-level threshold ranges: when the overall health index is in the high range, the overall operating status is determined to be excellent, and the dosage setting of the demulsification unit is automatically reduced, entering the energy-saving optimization mode; when the overall health index falls into the median range, the system automatically analyzes the contribution of the sub-indices, locates the specific unit causing the fluctuation, and issues targeted adjustment instructions; when the overall health index reaches the low threshold, the system triggers the emergency response mechanism, simultaneously increasing the treatment intensity of the demulsification unit and adjusting the aeration rate and reflux ratio of the biological filter until the overall health index returns to the normal range.

[0043] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By constructing a dual evaluation system of demulsification comprehensive index and process health index, and integrating them to generate an overall health index, dynamic collaborative control between the air flotation pretreatment unit and the main unit of the biological filter is achieved; the process quantifies and evaluates the operating status of each unit based on real-time collected key parameters such as Zeta potential, pH value, turbidity, oil content, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential, and introduces pH penalty factors and load penalty factors to ensure the authenticity and scientific nature of the evaluation; the system automatically selects the corresponding control mode based on the preset threshold range of the overall health index, dynamically adjusting the dosage of chemicals in the air flotation unit and the aeration intensity of the biological filter, so that the demulsification effect and biodegradation capacity are precisely matched. Compared with existing technologies, this invention effectively solves the problems of independent pretreatment and biological treatment and lagging regulation in traditional processes, significantly reducing chemical consumption and operating costs while ensuring the system's resistance to shock loads and operational stability, and realizing the intelligent and precise treatment process of slaughterhouse wastewater. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0047] Example:

[0048] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0049] The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on biological filters includes the following steps:

[0050] S1: Collect demulsification effect characteristic parameters of the pretreatment process in the wastewater treatment process. The pretreatment process uses an air flotation unit and adds high-efficiency water pollution control special agents to enhance the demulsification effect. The demulsification effect characteristic parameters include: Zeta potential in the current water body, which quantifies the charge on the surface of emulsified oil droplets; the higher the absolute value, the more stable the emulsification and the greater the difficulty of demulsification; pH value, which is a prerequisite for coagulants to effectively hydrolyze and neutralize charges within a specific pH range; turbidity, which measures the turbidity of the air flotation effluent to quickly determine whether demulsification and separation are complete; and oil content, which measures the oil concentration in the air flotation influent and effluent to directly obtain the oil removal rate.

[0051] Outlier removal is performed on the collected demulsification effect characteristic parameters. The outlier removal includes:

[0052] Physical threshold filtering is implemented based on physical meaning and preset reasonable numerical ranges for the sensor's measurement range. The reasonable range for Zeta potential is set at -100mV to +50mV; data points exceeding this range are considered sensor-level measurement anomalies. The reasonable range for pH value is set at 0-14, with the normal fluctuation range further limited to 5.0-10.0 based on the actual characteristics of slaughterhouse wastewater. The reasonable range for turbidity is set at 0-1000 NTU. The reasonable range for oil content is set at 0-500 mg / L. Data points for any parameter exceeding the above threshold range are considered measurement anomalies and are directly rejected.

[0053] The rate of change is limited based on the dynamic characteristics of each parameter under normal operating conditions, setting the maximum allowable fluctuation range per unit time. For Zeta potential, the rate of change is set to no more than 5 mV per second; for pH value, no more than 0.1 mV per second; for turbidity, no more than 50 NTU per second; and for oil content, no more than 10 mg / L per second. Data points whose instantaneous changes exceed the above fluctuation ranges are identified as outliers and discarded.

[0054] Consistency verification is performed by constructing cross-validation logic based on the physical correlation of demulsification effect characteristic parameters; the correlation between zeta potential and pH value is verified, and when pH is stable but zeta potential fluctuates drastically, it indicates the possible presence of interfering substances or measurement bias; the positive correlation between turbidity and oil content is verified, and when contradictory data of extremely low turbidity and extremely high oil content appear, they are judged as contradictory outliers that do not conform to the correlation logic and are removed.

[0055] After removing outliers, the remaining valid data is timestamped and resampled to a preset time base. For short-term missing data, linear interpolation is used to fill in the missing data to ensure the continuity and integrity of the time series data.

[0056] S2: Standardization processing is performed on the demulsification effect characteristic parameters after pretreatment. The standardization processing includes: for the Zeta potential parameter, a scoring function is constructed based on the negative correlation between its absolute value and colloidal stability. The absolute value of the Zeta potential reflects the charge density on the surface of the emulsified oil droplets. The smaller the value, the weaker the electrostatic repulsion between particles, and the easier it is to destabilize and aggregate. It is set that when its absolute value is not higher than 25mV, the score decreases linearly with the increase of the absolute value, and when its absolute value is higher than 25mV, the score is 0; for the pH value parameter, a piecewise scoring function is constructed based on its influence on the hydrolytic activity and charge neutralization ability of the coagulant. The preset optimal response range is 6. The pH range is 0.5-7.5, with the score taking the maximum value of 1.0 within the range. When the pH value deviates from the range, the coagulation effect gradually decreases, and the score decreases segmentally according to a preset gradient. For the turbidity parameter, a scoring function is constructed based on the positive correlation between turbidity value and the concentration of suspended solids and fine oil droplets in water. It is set that when the turbidity is not higher than 50 NTU, the score decreases linearly with the increase of turbidity, and when the turbidity is higher than 50 NTU, the score is 0. For the oil content parameter, a scoring function is constructed based on the positive correlation between oil concentration and the final demulsification effect. It is set that when the oil content is not higher than 50 mg / L, the score decreases linearly with the increase of oil content, and when the oil content is higher than 50 mg / L, the score is 0.

[0057] The standardized feature parameter scores generate a demulsification index, which is obtained using the following formula:

[0058] ,

[0059] in: The demulsification index ranges from [0,1], with higher values ​​indicating better demulsification effects.

[0060] Zeta potential score;

[0061] Rate the pH value;

[0062] Turbidity score;

[0063] Scoring based on fat content;

[0064] pH penalty factor;

[0065] The weighting coefficients for Zeta potential score, pH score, turbidity score, and oil content score satisfy the following conditions: ,and Zeta potential is the core indicator for measuring colloidal stability, directly reflecting the electrostatic repulsion between emulsified oil droplets and is a decisive factor in the ease of demulsification; therefore, it is given the highest weight. Oil content is the final target parameter for demulsification, directly characterizing the pollutant removal effect. Its importance is second only to zeta potential, so it is given the second highest weight. pH value is an environmental prerequisite for coagulants to exert their effectiveness. Although it does not directly participate in demulsification, it restricts the overall effect, so it is given a medium weight. Turbidity, as an intermediate process indicator, reflects the removal of suspended solids and has a certain correlation with the final target, but it is not a direct evaluation standard, so it is given a low weight.

[0066] The pH penalty factor is a key correction coefficient in the calculation of the demulsification comprehensive index. Its setting is based on the fundamental constraint of pH value on the coagulation and demulsification effect. During the coagulation and demulsification process, pH value directly affects the hydrolysis form of the coagulant, the charge characteristics of the hydrolysis products, and their adsorption and bridging ability with emulsified oil droplets. When the pH value deviates from the optimal hydrolysis range of the coagulant, even increasing the dosage will not effectively neutralize the surface charge of the oil droplets, leading to a significant decrease in agent utilization or even complete ineffectiveness. The penalty factor is defined as: when the pH value deviates from the optimal hydrolysis range of the coagulant, even increasing the dosage will not effectively neutralize the surface charge of the oil droplets, resulting in a significant decrease in agent utilization or even complete ineffectiveness. hour, This indicates that the pH is within a relatively suitable range, the coagulant can hydrolyze normally and neutralize charges, and the demulsification process can proceed as expected. In this case, the calculation of the demulsification index depends entirely on the scores and weights of each characteristic parameter; when the pH value is... hour, This indicates that the pH level has significantly deviated from the optimal range. At this point, regardless of other parameters such as zeta potential, turbidity, and oil content, the actual demulsification effect will be significantly inhibited, and the demulsification index will be forcibly reduced by 50% from the original weighted sum. The introduction of this penalty factor aims to force the control system to prioritize the activation of the pH adjustment unit when the pH is unsuitable, rather than blindly increasing the coagulant dosage. This avoids waste of water pollution control agents and materials, increased sludge production, and treatment failure due to inappropriate environmental conditions. Simultaneously, by real-time correction of the demulsification index, it ensures that the evaluation results accurately reflect the actual demulsification effect under field conditions, thereby more effectively addressing the water pollution challenges posed by slaughterhouse wastewater.

[0067] S3: Collect operational health parameters of the biofilter, including dissolved oxygen content, oxygen supply status of the aerobic biofilter, reflecting microbial activity; oxidation-reduction potential, reflecting the anaerobic / aerobic environment and indicating the operational status of the biofilter; pH of the biochemical effluent, a stability indicator of the biochemical system; and temperature, reflecting the effect of water temperature on microbial activity.

[0068] The raw data of the collected operational health parameters are preprocessed. The preprocessing includes constructing multiple judgment criteria based on the physical effective range and dynamic change characteristics of the operational health parameters, and identifying and removing outliers in the raw data.

[0069] The outlier removal process includes: physical threshold filtration, where reasonable ranges for each parameter are preset based on the actual operating conditions of the biological filter. For dissolved oxygen content, the normal range is set as 0-8 mg / L for the aerobic zone and 0-1 mg / L for the anaerobic zone; the reasonable range for oxidation-reduction potential is -500mV to +500mV; the normal fluctuation range for the pH of the biochemical effluent is 6.0-9.0; and the reasonable range for temperature is 5℃-45℃. Data points where any parameter exceeds the above threshold range are identified as measurement outliers and removed.

[0070] The rate of change limit sets the maximum allowable fluctuation range for each parameter per unit time, taking into account the slow changes in biological system parameters. Data points with a rate of change exceeding 0.5 mg / L dissolved oxygen, 20 mV redox potential, 0.1 pH, and 0.5 °C per minute are identified as abnormal disturbances. Such anomalies are usually caused by sensor signal jumps, instantaneous bubble impacts, or poor electrode contact, and are therefore rejected.

[0071] Consistency verification is performed through cross-validation based on the physical correlation between operational health parameters. Utilizing the positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and redox potential (ORP) under aerobic conditions, electrode contamination or sensor bias is identified when dissolved oxygen is normal but ORP remains below 50 mV, or when ORP is above 200 mV but dissolved oxygen remains below 1.0 mg / L for an extended period. Similarly, considering the seasonal correlation between pH and temperature, electrode aging or contamination is identified when temperature is stable but pH fluctuates drastically, or when pH and temperature trends deviate significantly over a long period. Data points that do not conform to the above physical correlation logic are identified as contradictory outliers and removed. After removing outliers, the remaining valid data undergoes timestamp alignment and interpolation to form a continuous and complete standardized dataset.

[0072] S4: Standardize the pre-processed operational health parameters and convert them into health parameter scores. The process is as follows: Input the effective data of four dimensions, namely dissolved oxygen content, oxidation-reduction potential, biochemical effluent pH and temperature, after outlier removal, into the standardization processing unit; Based on their physical meaning and contribution characteristics to the operational health status of the biofilter, construct corresponding scoring functions to uniformly convert the original parameter values ​​with different dimensions into dimensionless scores in the range [0, 1], so as to eliminate the influence of dimensional differences on subsequent weighted fusion calculations.

[0073] Regarding dissolved oxygen content, based on the oxygen dependence of aerobic microbial respiratory metabolism, the optimal dissolved oxygen range was set at 2.5–4.0 mg / L. Within this range, dissolved oxygen can fully meet the needs of microorganisms without causing over-aeration, and the maximum score of 1.0 is taken. When dissolved oxygen is below 2.5 mg / L, microbial activity is inhibited by hypoxia, and the score decreases linearly with decreasing dissolved oxygen, dropping to 0 at 1.0 mg / L. When dissolved oxygen is above 4.0 mg / L, over-aeration causes energy waste and may cause shear erosion of the biofilm, and the score decreases linearly with increasing dissolved oxygen, dropping to 0 at 6.0 mg / L.

[0074] Regarding redox potential, based on its ability to characterize the redox environment of water, an ideal potential of no less than 200mV is set for aerobic biological filters. At this point, the system is in a good aerobic state and the score is 1.0. When the potential is in the range of 50~200mV, the score increases linearly with the increase of the potential, indicating that the degree of aerobicness gradually increases. When the potential is below 50mV, the system is close to anoxic, and the activity of aerobic microorganisms is severely inhibited, and the score is 0.

[0075] For the pH of the biochemical effluent, based on the sensitivity of microbial enzyme activity to acidity and alkalinity, the optimal response range is set to 6.8~7.8, and the score is 1.0 within this range. When the pH is below 6.8, the score decreases linearly with the decrease of pH, and drops to 0 at 5.5. When the pH is above 7.8, the score decreases linearly with the increase of pH, and drops to 0 at 9.0, fully covering the range that microorganisms can tolerate.

[0076] Regarding temperature, based on the temperature dependence of the enzymatic reaction rate, 20~35℃ was set as the optimal range, with a score of 1.0. When the temperature is below 20℃, the score decreases linearly with decreasing temperature, dropping to 0 at 10℃. When the temperature is above 35℃, the score decreases linearly with increasing temperature, dropping to 0 at 45℃. Outside the 10~45℃ range, microbial activity is severely inhibited, and the score is 0.

[0077] The standardized operating health parameter scores generate a process health index, which is calculated using the following formula:

[0078] ,

[0079] in: The process health index has a value range of [0,1]. The higher the value, the healthier the biological filter is in operation.

[0080] Scoring based on dissolved oxygen content;

[0081] Scoring based on redox potential;

[0082] pH score for biochemical effluent;

[0083] Rate the temperature;

[0084] This is the load penalty factor;

[0085] The weighting coefficients for dissolved oxygen content score, oxidation-reduction potential score, effluent pH score, and temperature score are respectively, and the weighting coefficients satisfy the following conditions: And the relationship between the weighting coefficients is as follows: Dissolved oxygen is the direct limiting factor for aerobic microbial metabolism and is the most rapid and sensitive indicator of system status, so it is given the highest weight. Oxidation-reduction potential, as a supplementary indicator of dissolved oxygen, can more sensitively warn of hypoxia or anaerobic tendencies, so it is given the second highest weight. Although the pH of the biochemical effluent is the chemical environment basis for microbial metabolism, it changes relatively slowly, so it is given a medium weight. Temperature has a seasonal variation pattern and limited adjustment means, so it is given the lowest weight.

[0086] The load penalty factor is set based on the restrictive influence of influent hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of the biofilter. It aims to incorporate this key operating parameter into the process health index evaluation system, ensuring the index accurately reflects the actual carrying capacity of the biofilter under current operating conditions. During the actual operation of the biofilter, hydraulic load directly determines the surface load of pollutants and the hydraulic residence time. Even if environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature are within suitable ranges, excessively high hydraulic load can still lead to insufficient contact time between pollutants and the biofilm, resulting in decreased mass transfer efficiency and significantly inhibiting overall treatment efficiency. Therefore, the penalty factor is defined as a load rate function determined by the ratio of the actual influent flow rate to the designed treatment capacity of the biofilter.

[0087] When the load factor hour, This indicates that the influent load is within the optimal operating range of the biological system, the hydraulic retention time is sufficient, and the microorganisms can fully degrade pollutants. In this case, no reduction is made to the process health index to fully preserve the operational status information reflected by the environmental parameters; when the load rate... hour, This indicates that as the load rate gradually increases, the hydraulic retention time decreases accordingly, the surface load of pollutants increases, the treatment pressure on the biological system gradually accumulates, and the process health index is appropriately reduced according to a linear relationship to objectively reflect the weakening effect of increased load on treatment efficiency.

[0088] When the load factor hour, This indicates that the system is under significant overload. Even if environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature are good, the actual treatment efficiency of the biofilter is severely suppressed. Microorganisms cannot effectively degrade pollutants in a short time. The process health index should be forcibly reduced to 50% of its original level to avoid unrealistic judgments about the state of the biological system under overload conditions. The introduction of this penalty factor allows the process health index to consider both the environmental suitability of microbial metabolic activities and the limiting effect of hydraulic load on treatment efficiency when evaluating the operating status of the biofilter. This provides more accurate biological feedback for subsequent coordinated control with the demulsification comprehensive index.

[0089] S5: Generate an overall health index based on the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index. The overall health index is obtained using the following formula:

[0090] ,

[0091] in: This is the overall health index, with a value range of [0,1]. A higher value indicates a better overall system performance.

[0092] The collaboration score, ranging from [0,1], measures the degree of matching between DI and PHI.

[0093] These are the weighting coefficients for the demulsification comprehensive index, the process health index, and the synergy score, respectively. and The demulsification index reflects the removal effect of the pretreatment unit on emulsified oil and suspended solids, which is a prerequisite for the stable operation of the biological system. However, its role focuses on front-end protection, so it is given the second highest weight. The process health index represents the core operating status of the biological filter unit and directly determines whether the final effluent water quality meets the standards. It is the main link in pollutant removal, so it is given the highest weight. The synergy score measures the operational matching degree between the air flotation unit and the biological unit. Although it reflects the overall coordination of the system, it depends on the performance of the unit, so it is given a lower weight.

[0094] The synergy score is a core correlation indicator in the calculation of the overall health index, used to quantify the dynamic matching degree between the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index. The synergy score is constructed based on a dynamic back-calculation mechanism of the target demulsification comprehensive index, which is calculated and determined in real-time according to the current process health index. When the biological system health index is high, the target demulsification comprehensive index decreases accordingly, allowing the flotation unit to operate at a lower dosing intensity; when the biological system health index is low, the target demulsification comprehensive index increases accordingly, requiring the flotation unit to intensify treatment to ensure the safety of the biological system. The synergy score is defined as a function of the closeness between the actual demulsification comprehensive index and the target demulsification comprehensive index. The smaller the deviation, the higher the score. When the actual demulsification comprehensive index is exactly equal to the target value, the score is 1.0; as the deviation increases, the score decreases linearly. The introduction of the synergy score aims to evaluate whether the output of the flotation unit accurately matches the real-time needs of the biological unit, avoiding both insufficient demulsification leading to oil impact on the biological system and excessive demulsification causing reagent waste. This reflects the degree of synergistic optimization between system units in the overall health index, providing a quantitative basis for achieving on-demand control throughout the entire process.

[0095] When the overall health index is in the high range, the system determines that the pretreatment unit and the biological filter unit are in excellent operating condition and have good coordination and matching. At this time, the system automatically reduces the water pollution prevention agent dosage setting value of the demulsification unit, reduces the coagulant consumption while ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standards, and puts the system into energy-saving optimization mode. At the same time, the system continuously monitors the index change trend to verify the feasibility of the energy-saving strategy.

[0096] When the overall health index falls into the median range, the system automatically analyzes the contribution of the demulsification composite index and the process health index to pinpoint the specific unit causing the fluctuation in the overall health index: if the demulsification composite index is low, it is determined that the treatment effect of the air flotation unit is insufficient, and an adjustment instruction to increase the dosage of chemicals or adjust the pH value is issued; if the process health index is low, it is determined that the operation status of the biological filter unit is abnormal, and a targeted instruction to check the aeration system, adjust the reflux ratio, or check the influent load is issued; if the synergy score is low but the sub-indices are normal, it is determined that the operation matching degree of the two units is poor, and the system dynamically adjusts the target demulsification composite index to optimize synergy.

[0097] When the overall health index reaches a low threshold, the system triggers an emergency response mechanism, simultaneously increasing the processing intensity of the demulsification unit to the upper limit setting, and automatically adjusting the aeration rate of the biological filter or increasing the mixed liquor recirculation ratio to maximize the safety of the biological system. At the same time, it issues audible and visual alarms and pushes fault diagnosis information to the operation and maintenance terminal, prompting manual intervention. Once the overall health index returns to the normal range, the system automatically deactivates the emergency mode and returns to normal control status.

[0098] Through the multi-level linkage control based on the overall health index, this process deeply integrates pretreatment and biological treatment, achieving precise control of key water pollution indicators. This collaborative control strategy not only ensures the stability and efficiency of the entire slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process but also reduces operating costs. To further improve effluent quality and realize wastewater treatment and reuse, a deep treatment unit can be added after the biological filter. A high-efficiency activated carbon adsorption tower can be used to adsorb and remove residual recalcitrant organic matter, color, and trace pollutants in the effluent from the biological filter. The effluent can meet the reuse standard of "Water Quality Standard for Industrial Water Reuse of Urban Wastewater" and can be directly used for greening, flushing, and circulating cooling in the factory area, thereby reducing water pollution load while realizing water resource recycling.

[0099] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0100] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0101] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0102] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on biological filters, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Collect demulsification effect characteristic parameters of the pretreatment process in the wastewater treatment process. The demulsification effect characteristic parameters include the Zeta potential, pH value, turbidity and oil content in the current water body. Preprocess the raw data of the collected demulsification effect characteristic parameters, including outlier removal. S2: Standardize the demulsification effect characteristic parameters after preprocessing, convert the demulsification effect characteristic parameters into characteristic parameter scores, and generate a comprehensive demulsification index by weighted integration of the standardized characteristic parameter scores, which is used to evaluate the air flotation demulsification effect in real time. S3: Collect operational health parameters from the biological filter, including dissolved oxygen content, oxidation-reduction potential, effluent pH, and temperature, and preprocess the raw data of the collected operational health parameters. S4: Standardize the pre-treated operating health parameters and convert them into health parameter scores. Through weighted integration, generate a process health index from the standardized operating health parameter scores to evaluate the operating status of the biological filter in real time. S5: Generate an overall health index based on the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index. The overall health index integrates the demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index in real time and introduces a collaborative score for weighted calculation. According to the preset threshold range of the overall health index, automatically select the corresponding control mode and dynamically adjust the dosage of the air flotation unit and the aeration intensity of the biological filter to match the demulsification effect with the biodegradation capacity.

2. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Outlier removal is performed on the demulsification effect characteristic parameters. The outlier removal includes: determining and removing data points exceeding the preset threshold range based on physical meaning as measurement outliers; determining and removing data points whose instantaneous changes exceed the maximum allowable fluctuation range based on the time series change rate as disturbance outliers; and performing consistency verification based on the physical correlation of the demulsification effect characteristic parameters, determining and removing data points that do not conform to the correlation logic as contradictory outliers. After removing outliers, the remaining valid data is timestamped and interpolated to form a continuous and complete standardized dataset.

3. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the physical meaning of each demulsification effect characteristic parameter and its contribution to the demulsification effect, the original data with unified dimensions are mapped to a standardized scoring interval of [0, 1]. The standardization process includes: for the Zeta potential parameter, based on the negative correlation between absolute value and colloidal stability, it is set that when the absolute value is not higher than 25mV, the score decreases linearly with the increase of the absolute value, and when the absolute value is higher than 25mV, the score is 0; for the pH value parameter, based on its influence on the hydrolytic activity of the coagulant, the optimal response range is preset to 6.5-7.5, and the score is... The maximum value of 1.0 is taken within the range, and the score decreases in segments according to a preset gradient as the pH value deviates from the range. For the turbidity parameter, based on the positive correlation between turbidity value and suspended solids concentration, it is set that when the turbidity is not higher than 50 NTU, the score decreases linearly with the increase of turbidity, and the score is 0 when the turbidity is higher than 50 NTU. For the oil content parameter, based on the positive correlation between oil concentration and the ease of demulsification, it is set that when the oil content is not higher than 50 mg / L, the score decreases linearly with the increase of oil content, and the score is 0 when the oil content is higher than 50 mg / L.

4. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The standardized feature parameter scores generate a demulsification index, which is obtained using the following formula: in: The demulsification index ranges from [0,1], with higher values ​​indicating better demulsification effects. Zeta potential score; Rate the pH value; Turbidity score; Scoring based on fat content; pH penalty factor; The weighting coefficients for Zeta potential score, pH score, turbidity score, and oil content score satisfy the following conditions: ,and .

5. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pH penalty factor is a key correction coefficient in the calculation of the demulsification comprehensive index, setting a prerequisite constraint on the coagulation and demulsification effect based on pH value; the penalty factor is defined as: when the pH value is... hour, This indicates that the pH is within a relatively suitable range, and the demulsification process can proceed normally; when the pH value is... hour, This indicates that the pH has deviated significantly from the optimal range. At this point, regardless of the performance of other parameters, the actual demulsification effect will be significantly inhibited.

6. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw data of the collected operational health parameters are preprocessed. The preprocessing includes constructing multiple judgment criteria based on the physical effective range and dynamic change characteristics of the operational health parameters, and identifying and removing outliers in the raw data. The outlier removal includes: physical threshold filtration, which, based on the actual operating conditions of the biological filter, preset reasonable ranges for each operating health parameter, and identifies and removes data points with dissolved oxygen content exceeding 0-8 mg / L in the aerobic zone and 0-1 mg / L in the anaerobic zone, oxidation-reduction potential exceeding -500mV to +500mV, biochemical effluent pH exceeding 6.0-9.0, and temperature exceeding 5℃-45℃ as measurement outliers; and rate of change limitation, which, considering the slow change characteristics of biological system parameters, sets the maximum allowable fluctuation range of each operating health parameter per unit time, and identifies and removes data points with a rate of change per minute exceeding dissolved oxygen 0.5 mg / L, oxidation-reduction potential 20mV, pH 0.1, and temperature 0.5℃ as disturbance outliers. Consistency verification is performed by cross-validating the positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and redox potential and the seasonal correlation between pH and temperature. Data points that do not conform to the physical correlation logic are identified as contradictory outliers and removed.

7. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pre-treated operational health parameters are standardized and converted into health parameter scores. The process is as follows: Effective data from four dimensions—dissolved oxygen content, oxidation-reduction potential, effluent pH, and temperature—after outlier removal are input into the standardization unit. Based on their physical meaning and contribution to the operational health of the biofilter, corresponding scoring functions are constructed. For dissolved oxygen content, the optimal range is set at 2.5-4.0 mg / L, with the score taking the maximum value of 1.0 within this range; scores decrease linearly below and above this range. For oxidation-reduction potential, an ideal potential of no less than 200 mV is set for aerobic biofilters; the score increases with increasing potential, and a score of 0 is given below 50 mV. For the pH of the biochemical effluent, the optimal response range is set to 6.8-7.8, with a score of 1.0 within the range, and the score decreases according to the preset gradient as the pH deviates. For the temperature, the optimal range is set to 20-35℃, with a score of 1.0 within the range, and the score decreases linearly when the temperature is below or above the range, and the score is 0 when the temperature exceeds the range of 10-45℃.

8. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The standardized operating health parameter scores generate a process health index, which is calculated using the following formula: in: The process health index has a value range of [0,1]. The higher the value, the healthier the biological filter is in operation. Scoring based on dissolved oxygen content; Scoring based on redox potential; pH score for biochemical effluent; Rate the temperature; This is the load penalty factor; The weighting coefficients for dissolved oxygen content score, oxidation-reduction potential score, effluent pH score, and temperature score are respectively, and the weighting coefficients satisfy the following conditions: And the relationship between the weighting coefficients is as follows: .

9. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The load penalty factor is set based on the limiting influence of influent hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of the biological filter; the penalty factor is defined as a load rate function determined by the ratio of the actual influent flow rate to the designed treatment capacity of the biological filter: when the load rate... hour, This indicates that the influent load is within the optimal operating range of the biological system, and no reduction is made to the process health index; when the load rate hour, This indicates that as the load rate increases, the hydraulic retention time decreases, the pressure on the biological system gradually increases, and the process health index decreases moderately according to a linear relationship; when the load rate... hour, This indicates that the system is in a state of significant overload. Even if environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH are good, the actual treatment efficiency of the biological filter has been severely suppressed, and the process health index should be forcibly reduced. The introduction of the penalty factor aims to objectively reflect the restrictive effect of hydraulic load on biological metabolic activity and avoid misjudging the state of the biological system under overload conditions.

10. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process based on a biological filter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The demulsification comprehensive index and the process health index are combined to generate the overall health index, which is obtained using the following formula: in: This is the overall health index, with a value range of [0,1]. A higher value indicates a better overall system performance. The collaboration score, ranging from [0,1], measures the degree of matching between DI and PHI. These are the weighting coefficients for the demulsification comprehensive index, the process health index, and the synergy score, respectively. and ; Based on the threshold range of the overall health index, a comparison is made with pre-stored multi-level threshold ranges: when the overall health index is in the high range, the overall operating status is determined to be excellent, and the dosage setting of the demulsification unit is automatically reduced, entering the energy-saving optimization mode; when the overall health index falls into the median range, the system automatically analyzes the contribution of the sub-indices, locates the specific unit causing the fluctuation, and issues targeted adjustment instructions; when the overall health index reaches the low threshold, the system triggers the emergency response mechanism, simultaneously increasing the treatment intensity of the demulsification unit and adjusting the aeration rate and reflux ratio of the biological filter until the overall health index returns to the normal range.

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