A hazardous chemical underwater containment disposal device and method based on programmed reaction microspheres

Abstract

The application discloses an underwater hazardous chemical substance containment and disposal device and method based on programmed reaction microspheres in the field of environmental protection and port emergency technology, which comprises a mounting plate fixedly installed on a shore building and a supporting table pre-buried in a riverbed, and an arc-shaped containment plate for presetting a leakage range is arranged on the supporting table, and both ends of the arc-shaped containment plate are connected with sliding assemblies on the mounting plate. The application realizes overall convenient assembly and later maintenance and recovery operation by means of the sliding assemblies, overcomes the defects of slow lifting and floating response speed and slow containment forming lag of traditional similar devices, can realize quick physical isolation and plugging for sudden water soluble hazardous chemical substance leakage, and at the same time, the programmed reaction composite microspheres are accurately sprayed into the containment area to perform deep chemical neutralization and solidification. The application deeply integrates the quick-forming physical containment and efficient and orderly intelligent chemical neutralization process, realizes deep treatment of pollutants and effectively reduces the secondary pollution risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of environmental protection and port emergency technology, and in particular to an underwater containment and disposal device and method for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the water transport industry, the volume of cargo handling at wharves continues to rise, leading to a corresponding increase in the frequency of transporting and handling soluble hazardous chemicals. This significantly increases the risk of accidents involving the leakage of soluble hazardous chemicals in the waters near wharves. Soluble hazardous chemicals dissolve and spread rapidly upon contact with water, causing not only fatal harm to aquatic life and disrupting the aquatic ecosystem, but also polluting surrounding drinking water sources and affecting normal wharf operations. Failure to take timely and effective measures can result in irreparable damage to the aquatic environment. Therefore, it is necessary to rapidly contain and neutralize leaked soluble hazardous chemicals through physical means and in-situ chemical neutralization to quickly block their diffusion path and decompose pollutants, minimizing the harm to the water environment.

[0003] Currently, the main existing technical solutions for dealing with the leakage of soluble hazardous chemicals in the waters in front of wharves are to use buoyancy-driven mechanisms to raise underwater containment components to the water surface to form a containment area; some other technical solutions use containment equipment to first use a mechanical transmission structure to pull a pre-installed underwater fence to the water surface to achieve physical isolation and complete the containment and interception. However, existing technologies still have certain problems in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the rapid emergency response needs for soluble hazardous chemical leaks in wharf waters. On the one hand, the coordination between the buoyancy drive of the containment components and the linkage control of functional components in existing disposal devices is poor, and the timing design of buoyancy supply and containment structure opening is unreasonable. This can easily lead to insufficient buoyancy and delayed containment area formation, causing soluble hazardous chemicals to spread to the surrounding waters before the containment structure is fully formed, significantly reducing the effectiveness of physical containment. On the other hand, existing devices lack a chemical neutralization treatment stage and lack close connection with the physical containment stage, making it impossible to quickly solidify and settle soluble pollutants. Furthermore, the overall recovery and repositioning operation after the device completes emergency treatment is cumbersome, underwater repositioning is difficult, and the efficiency of repair materials is low, making it impossible to quickly complete secondary underwater pre-positioning standby. This seriously affects the device's emergency response speed to subsequent leaks. Therefore, we urgently need an underwater containment and disposal device and method for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an underwater containment and disposal device and method for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres. By pre-deploying an underwater structure that combines buoyancy and gas linkage for buoyancy lifting, along with an intelligent electronic control system and specially formulated neutralizing materials, a closed containment area can be quickly formed, achieving immediate isolation and in-situ neutralization and sedimentation of hazardous chemicals, improving emergency response efficiency, and suppressing the spread of pollutants.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: It includes an installation plate fixedly mounted on a riverbank structure and a support platform pre-embedded in the riverbed. An arc-shaped enclosure plate for pre-setting a leakage range is provided on the support platform. Both ends of the arc-shaped enclosure plate are connected to sliding components on the installation plate for assembly. A receiving cavity is provided within the arc-shaped enclosure plate. A control box, connected to an external central control unit, is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the receiving cavity. An emergency response mechanism for leakage is provided within the receiving cavity. The response mechanism includes a spraying component for neutralizing hazardous chemicals and a drive component for moving the spraying component upwards. The control box controls the coordinated operation of the various components of the response mechanism. When the response mechanism operates, the drive component, under the control of the control box, moves the spraying component upwards, forming a containment zone for the hazardous chemicals between it and the installation plate.

[0006] Optionally, the sliding assembly includes guide rails symmetrically mounted on the mounting plate, and sliding plates are fixedly mounted at both ends of the arc-shaped enclosure. Rollers for movement are symmetrically mounted on the sliding plates. When the sliding plates are slidably connected to the guide rails, the rollers abut against the inner wall of the guide rails. Hooks connected to external pulling devices are fixedly mounted at the ends of the sliding plates. When the arc-shaped enclosure abuts against the surface of the support platform, a preset area is formed; when the arc-shaped enclosure disengages from the support platform, a loading area is formed.

[0007] Optionally, a bracket is fixedly installed in the middle of the arc-shaped enclosure, and a sealing cover plate adapted to the arc-shaped enclosure is rotatably connected to the bracket. Hydraulic cylinders for opening and closing the sealing cover plate are symmetrically hinged on the arc-shaped enclosure. The output ends of the two sets of hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the extension of the sealing cover plate. When the output end of the hydraulic cylinder extends, the sealing cover plate and the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure form a sealing area. When the output end of the hydraulic cylinder retracts, the sealing cover plate opens the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure and forms a support area for the spraying assembly.

[0008] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a storage chamber symmetrically and fixedly installed on the outside of the arc-shaped enclosure and adapted to it. Gas cylinders are arranged equidistantly along the arc of the arc-shaped enclosure via mounting brackets in the storage chamber. The gas cylinders are used to transport gas. A first gas pipe connected to the receiving cavity is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the storage chamber, and the output end of the gas cylinder is connected to the first gas pipe. A first partition for sealing is fixedly installed in the receiving cavity. The first partition is fixedly connected to the mounting end of the corresponding gas cylinder. An electromagnetic one-way valve for controlling gas flow is fixedly installed on the mounting end. The other end of the first gas pipe is connected to the electromagnetic one-way valve. When the control box controls the gas cylinder to supply gas and the electromagnetic one-way valve is opened, a gas supply zone is formed. When the electromagnetic one-way valve is closed, a blocking zone is formed.

[0009] Optionally, an airbag adapted to the arc-shaped enclosure is placed inside the receiving cavity. The inflatable end of the airbag is fixedly connected to a second air tube. The end of the second air tube is connected to the installation end to form a gas supply channel. During the gas supply phase, the gas in the gas cylinder fills the airbag and forms an inflation zone. A second partition is fixedly installed on the top of the airbag, and the second partition is in contact with the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The second partition has placement holes equidistantly opened along its path. A placement bucket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the placement hole, and the airbag covers the outside of the placement bucket.

[0010] Optionally, the spraying assembly includes a storage tank for storing neutralizing agents, the storage tank being fixedly installed inside a placement tank. The storage tank is separated into storage areas for acidic and alkaline agents by a baffle plate. A spray nozzle for spraying agents is fixedly installed on the placement tank. A diaphragm pump for extracting agents is fixedly installed on the top wall of the placement tank. The input end of the diaphragm pump is fixedly connected to an extraction pipe, which is located in the storage area of ​​the corresponding agent. The output end of the diaphragm pump is connected to the corresponding spray nozzle. When the diaphragm pump is working, the corresponding agent is sprayed out through the spray nozzle to form a spray area.

[0011] Optionally, a float plate is provided in the receiving cavity, the placement bucket is fixedly installed with the float plate, a floating area is formed between the float plate and the second partition plate, and a valve for injecting water is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped enclosure plate at the floating area position. When the valve is opened, water enters the floating area and drives the float plate to move upward. When the float plate is at a horizontal plane, the airbag contacts the sealing cover plate in the support area.

[0012] A method for using an underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reactive microspheres includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Pre-installation: The mounting plate is fixedly installed at the designated location on the shore building, and the support platform is pre-embedded at the corresponding position in the riverbed at the front of the wharf. The external pulling equipment is hooked and hooked to drive the sliding plate to slide along the guide rail. The arc-shaped enclosure is assembled onto the support platform to form the preset area. At this time, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder extends, and the sealing cover is sealed and fitted with the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure. The control box establishes a signal connection with the external central control unit to complete the underwater pre-installation and standby of the device.

[0014] S2, Emergency Trigger: When the external central control unit detects a leak of soluble hazardous chemicals in the water, it sends an emergency trigger signal to the control box, which activates the processing mechanism and puts the device into emergency working state.

[0015] S3, Water Injection and Floating: The control box first controls the valve to open, injecting water into the floating area between the float plate and the second partition, so that the float plate can obtain initial buoyancy and complete the preparation for floating.

[0016] S4. Cover opening: The control box sends a release signal to the hydraulic cylinder, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder retracts, and drives the sealing cover to rotate around the bracket to open the arc-shaped enclosure opening. External water flows into the receiving cavity from the opening, further increasing the buoyancy of the float. The float pulls the airbag upwards by its own buoyancy, forming a support area for the spraying components.

[0017] S5. Airbag inflation and containment formation: When the float moves to the horizontal position by buoyancy, the control box triggers the electromagnetic one-way valve to open. The gas cylinder in the storage room inflates the airbag through the first air pipe, the installation end, and the second air pipe to form an inflation zone. After the airbag is inflated, it abuts against the sealing cover plate of the support area. At this time, the spraying components driven by the float, together with the installation plate and the arc-shaped enclosure plate, form a closed hazardous chemical containment zone, realizing the physical isolation of leaked hazardous chemicals.

[0018] S6, Intelligent Neutralization: Based on the acidity or alkalinity information of the leaked hazardous chemicals transmitted from the external central control unit, the control box starts the diaphragm pump to extract neutralization and flocculation treatment materials prepared according to a specific mass ratio from the acid or alkaline agent storage area corresponding to the storage tank through the extraction pipe. After being pressurized by the diaphragm pump, the agent is evenly sprayed into the containment area through the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the leaked hazardous chemicals and the neutralization and flocculation reaction is completed.

[0019] S6.1 The neutralization and flocculation treatment material is a composite microsphere with a core-shell structure. The composite microsphere comprises, from the inside out: a core layer, composed of a rapid neutralization component, accounting for 45%-55% by mass, used for rapid and thorough neutralization of the acidity and alkalinity of the leaked hazardous chemicals; an intermediate layer, a flocculation-adsorption composite layer wrapped around the core layer, accounting for 30%-40% by mass, used for adsorbing pollutant particles and forming initial flocs through charge neutralization; and an outer shell layer, a sedimentation-stabilizing layer wrapped around the outermost layer, accounting for 10%-20% by mass, composed of a polymeric coagulant and a density regulator, used for bridging and increasing the size of the flocs and accelerating their sedimentation.

[0020] S6.2 Before being loaded into the storage tank 23, the composite microspheres can be premixed with an appropriate amount of carrier liquid to form a uniform and stable suspension slurry, and then loaded into the corresponding chamber in the storage tank 23.

[0021] S7. Recovery and Reset: After the emergency response to hazardous chemicals is completed, the arc-shaped enclosure is pulled along the guide rail by hooking the hooks with external pulling equipment. The entire arc-shaped enclosure is detached from the riverbed support platform and pulled out of the water to form a loading area. The device pulled out of the water is then inspected and repaired. The residual gas in the gas bag is released, the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder is replenished, and the acid and alkaline neutralization and flocculation treatment materials are replenished to the storage tank. After the inspection and repair are completed, step S1 is repeated to reassemble the arc-shaped enclosure onto the support platform, completing the underwater pre-set reset of the device, and waiting for the next emergency trigger.

[0022] Optionally, the neutralizing and flocculating treatment material in the storage tank for disposing of soluble hazardous chemicals is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 35% neutralizing component, 25% flocculating component, 25% adsorption component, and 15% sedimentation aid component.

[0023] Optionally, the acidic agent storage area of ​​the storage tank contains a neutralization and flocculation treatment material with an alkaline neutralizing component as its core, and the alkaline agent storage area contains a neutralization and flocculation treatment material with an acidic neutralizing component as its core. The proportioned neutralization and flocculation treatment material is suitable for in-situ neutralization of acidic and alkaline soluble hazardous chemicals.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. This invention employs a pre-installed structure combining buoyancy and gas-driven lifting. The arc-shaped enclosure is pre-installed on a support platform in the riverbed. Sliding components facilitate convenient assembly and subsequent maintenance and recovery. In emergency situations, water is first injected into the floating zone via valves to prepare for buoyancy. After the sealing cover is opened, external water flows in, further increasing the buoyancy of the float. The float then drives the spraying assembly upwards rapidly into position. Once in place, the inflatable airbags create a sealed hazardous chemical containment area. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional devices, such as slow lifting response and delayed containment formation. It enables rapid physical isolation and complete sealing of soluble hazardous chemical leaks in waterways, effectively reducing the safety risk of widespread contamination.

[0026] 2. This invention achieves automated emergency response and precise chemical neutralization by coordinating the operation of various components through a control box, combined with a dual-chamber storage tank and a specific ratio of neutralizing and flocculating treatment materials. Upon receiving external signals, the control box activates actions such as water injection, cover opening, airbag inflation, and agent spraying according to a preset sequence, requiring no manual intervention. Furthermore, it can select appropriate agents based on the acidity or alkalinity of the hazardous chemicals. The design of a 35% neutralizing component, 25% flocculating component, 25% adsorption component, and 15% sedimentation aid component allows for rapid neutralization, flocculation, and sedimentation, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional technologies such as low neutralization efficiency, reliance on manual operation, and susceptibility to secondary pollution.

[0027] 3. This invention, through modular integration and adaptable structural design, reduces assembly and recovery resistance by cooperating the sliding components' wheels and guide rails. The underwater anti-corrosion sealing treatment of the sealing cover and control box meets long-term pre-installation requirements. The device can be repeatedly inspected and repaired before reuse. Furthermore, the enclosure area, combined with shore-side buildings, forms a semi-enclosed structure, and the spraying component's operating range completely covers the enclosure area. This solves the problems of complex installation and maintenance, short service life, and blind spots in enclosure and neutralization of traditional devices, thus improving the device's practicality and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a first-view cross-sectional structural schematic diagram provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This invention provides Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view cross-sectional structure provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third-view cross-sectional structure provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This invention provides Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Mounting plate; 2. Support platform; 3. Arc-shaped enclosure; 4. Control box; 5. Guide rail; 6. Sliding plate; 7. Wheel arrangement; 8. Hook; 9. Bracket; 10. Sealing cover; 11. Hydraulic cylinder; 12. Storage chamber; 13. Gas cylinder; 14. First air pipe; 15. First partition; 16. Mounting end; 17. Solenoid check valve; 18. Airbag; 19. Second air pipe; 20. Second partition; 21. Placement hole; 22. Placement tank; 23. Storage tank; 24. Nozzle; 25. Diaphragm pump; 26. Extraction pipe; 27. Float; 28. Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1-6 As shown in the figure, an underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes an installation plate 1 fixedly installed on a bank building and a support platform 2 pre-embedded in the riverbed. An arc-shaped enclosure 3 for pre-setting the leakage range is provided on the support platform 2. A receiving cavity is provided inside the arc-shaped enclosure 3. A control box 4 connected to an external central control unit is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the receiving cavity. The control box 4 is used to control the coordinated operation of various components of the treatment mechanism.

[0038] Here, the mounting plate 1 is designed to fit different mounting surfaces such as concrete and steel structures on the riverbank. The support platform 2 is pre-embedded by concrete pouring according to the geological conditions of the riverbed. The curvature of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 is precisely matched to the control requirements of the wharf front. The receiving cavity is an integrated closed cavity. The control box 4 is an integrated box with core control modules, which can realize bidirectional signal transmission for command reception and status feedback with the external central control unit. This design allows the basic components of the device to adapt to underwater and shore working conditions, realizes the precise layout of the overall structure, and lays a stable foundation for emergency operations.

[0039] Furthermore, the mounting plate 1 is fixed with bolts for easy removal, and the pre-embedded depth of the support platform 2 can be adjusted according to the height of the riverbed mud surface. The two work together to stably support the arc-shaped enclosure plate 3. The size of the accommodating cavity is planned according to the layout of the processing mechanism components to ensure interference-free installation. The core module of the control box 4 is connected to each execution component by wired signal. This design improves the installation flexibility and adaptability, ensures stable transmission of control signals, and avoids interference during component installation.

[0040] Furthermore, the control box 4 is designed with underwater sealing and pressure resistance to withstand water pressure impact and water corrosion. It adopts a multi-mode redundant communication method to adapt to complex aquatic environments. This design meets the requirements for long-term underwater operation, ensures uninterrupted signal connection, enables precise synchronous control of various components, and guarantees the progress of automated emergency operations.

[0041] Both ends of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 are connected to the sliding components on the mounting plate 1 for assembling the arc-shaped enclosure 3. The sliding components include guide rails 5 symmetrically mounted on the mounting plate 1. Sliding plates 6 are fixedly mounted on both ends of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. Rollers 7 for movement are symmetrically mounted on the sliding plates 6. When the sliding plates 6 are slidably connected to the guide rails 5, the rollers 7 abut against the inner wall of the guide rails 5. Hooks 8 connected to external pulling equipment are fixedly mounted on the ends of the sliding plates 6. When the arc-shaped enclosure 3 abuts against the surface of the support platform 2, a preset area is formed. When the arc-shaped enclosure 3 is separated from the support platform 2, a loading area is formed.

[0042] Here, the guide rail 5 is designed as a long strip along the vertical direction of the mounting plate 1. The size of the sliding plate 6 is adapted to the track gauge of the guide rail 5. The wheels 7 are evenly distributed on both sides of the sliding plate 6. The hook 8 is a high-strength load-bearing structure that can be adapted to equipment such as winches and cranes. The preset area is a pre-positioned underwater working position, and the loading area is adapted to the shore maintenance space. This design allows the components of the sliding assembly to cooperate precisely, realizes the convenient assembly and pulling of the arc-shaped enclosure 3, clearly defines the zoning of different working states of the device, and improves the standardization of operation.

[0043] Furthermore, the contact surfaces between the rollers 7 and the guide rail 5 are treated with a smooth and wear-resistant finish to convert sliding friction into rolling friction. The installation position of the hook 8 is adapted to the center of gravity of the sliding plate 6 to ensure that the arc-shaped side plate 3 is subjected to uniform force when pulled. This design greatly reduces operating resistance, avoids jamming and tilting, and improves the smoothness and safety of operation.

[0044] Furthermore, the guide rail 5 is equipped with a limiting anti-detachment structure at its end, and the support platform 2 is equipped with a limiting slot that matches the bottom of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. This design prevents the arc-shaped enclosure 3 from shifting and falling off, while making maintenance and consumable replenishment more convenient, and improving the safety and maintenance efficiency of the device.

[0045] A bracket 9 is fixedly installed in the middle of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. A sealing cover 10 adapted to the arc-shaped enclosure 3 is rotatably connected to the bracket 9. Hydraulic cylinders 11 for opening and closing the sealing cover 10 are symmetrically hinged on the arc-shaped enclosure 3. The output ends of the two sets of hydraulic cylinders 11 are hinged to the extension of the sealing cover 10. When the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 extends, the sealing cover 10 and the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 form a sealing area. When the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 retracts, the sealing cover 10 opens the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 and forms a support area for the spraying assembly.

[0046] Here, the bracket 9 is welded and fixed to the arc-shaped enclosure 3, and the outer dimensions of the sealing cover 10 are precisely matched with the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. The hydraulic cylinder 11 is arranged on both sides with the central axis of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 as the symmetrical line, and the cylinder end is hinged to the outer side of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. This design ensures that the bracket 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 11 are installed firmly, the sealing cover 10 opens and closes accurately, and the double-sided layout makes the cover plate bear force evenly.

[0047] Furthermore, the sealing cover 10 and the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 are fitted with a sealing treatment, and the hydraulic cylinder 11 adopts an underwater anti-corrosion sealing type, with the stroke precisely matched with the opening and closing angle of the cover. This design improves the sealing effect, prevents mud and water from entering the receiving cavity, and at the same time allows the hydraulic cylinder 11 to meet the long-term underwater pre-positioning requirements, ensuring accurate opening and closing actions.

[0048] Furthermore, the inner side of the sealing cover 10 is designed with anti-slip, wear-resistant and cushioning protection; this design allows the support area to stably support the airbag 18, avoid contact friction that could cause the airbag 18 to break, and at the same time cushion the impact of the airbag 18 inflation, thus improving the service life of the components.

[0049] The containment cavity is equipped with a treatment mechanism for emergency response to leaks. The treatment mechanism includes a spraying component for neutralizing hazardous chemicals and a drive component for moving the spraying component upward. When the treatment mechanism is working, the drive component moves the spraying component upward under the control of the control box 4, forming a containment zone for hazardous chemicals between the spraying component and the mounting plate 1.

[0050] Here, the treatment mechanism adopts a layered integrated layout. The drive component is located in the lower part of the containment cavity, and the spraying component is connected to the drive component. The containment area is formed by the upward-moved spraying component, the arc-shaped enclosure 3, the mounting plate 1, and the shore building. This design makes the component layout compact, makes full use of the containment cavity space, and the containment area forms a semi-enclosed structure, improving the containment effect of hazardous chemicals.

[0051] Furthermore, the connection between the drive component and the spraying component is fixed in a movable manner. The control box 4 can adjust the movement rhythm of the drive component according to the emergency progress, so as to realize the smooth upward movement of the spraying component and the matching of the containment area with the preset leakage range. This design ensures the stable movement of the spraying component, avoids component damage, and allows the containment area to accurately cover the leakage area, thereby improving the targeting of containment.

[0052] Furthermore, the perimeter of the containment area is seamlessly fitted, and the spraying components, once moved to the horizontal plane, completely cover the containment area. This design prevents hazardous chemicals from spreading through gaps, achieving seamless coordination between containment and neutralization.

[0053] The drive assembly includes a storage chamber 12 symmetrically and fixedly installed on the outside of the arc-shaped enclosure 3 and adapted to it. Gas cylinders 13 are equidistantly arranged within the storage chamber 12 along the arc of the enclosure via mounting brackets. The gas cylinders 13 are used to transport gas. A first gas pipe 14, communicating with the receiving cavity, is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the storage chamber 12, and the output end of the gas cylinder 13 is connected to the first gas pipe 14. A first partition 15 for sealing is fixedly installed inside the receiving cavity. A corresponding mounting end 16 of the gas cylinder 13 is fixedly connected to the first partition 15. An electromagnetic one-way valve 17 for controlling gas flow is fixedly installed on the mounting end 16. The other end of the first gas pipe 14 is connected to the electromagnetic one-way valve 17. When the control box 4 controls the gas cylinder... When gas is supplied to cylinder 13 and electromagnetic check valve 17 is open, a gas supply zone is formed. When electromagnetic check valve 17 is closed, a blocking zone is formed. An airbag 18 adapted to the arc-shaped enclosure 3 is placed in the cavity. The inflation end of the airbag 18 is fixedly connected to a second air pipe 19. The end of the second air pipe 19 is connected to the installation end 16 to form a gas supply channel. In the gas supply zone, the gas in cylinder 13 fills the airbag 18 and forms an inflation zone. A second partition 20 is fixedly installed on the top of the airbag 18 and contacts the inner wall of the cavity. The second partition 20 has placement holes 21 equidistantly opened along its path. A placement bucket 22 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the placement hole 21. The airbag 18 covers the outside of the placement bucket 22.

[0054] Here, the storage chamber 12 is a closed cavity adapted to the outer curvature of the arc-shaped enclosure 3, the gas cylinder 13 is a high-pressure gas storage type and is arranged vertically, the first gas pipe 14 and the second gas pipe 19 are high-pressure resistant flexible pipes, the first partition 15 seals and separates the lower part of the receiving cavity, the installation end 16 corresponds one-to-one with the gas cylinder 13, the air bag 18 is made of flexible material and adapted to the size of the receiving cavity, the second partition 20 is a rigid flat plate, and the placement bucket 22 is cylindrical and adapted to the placement hole 21; this design ensures unobstructed air passage and stable installation of components, providing stable power for the upward movement of the spraying assembly.

[0055] Furthermore, the storage chamber 12 is sealed and corrosion-resistant, all connections of the gas path are sealed to prevent leakage, and the airbag 18 is made of high-strength friction-resistant material, covering the outside of the storage container 22 to form protection; this design avoids gas leakage and component friction damage, and improves the reliability and service life of the drive components.

[0056] Furthermore, the electromagnetic check valve 17 is connected to the control box 4 via a signal, and the inner wall of the second partition 20 and the placement hole 21 are treated with a sliding wear-resistant and smooth finish; this design realizes automatic control of gas flow, reduces the resistance to component movement, and ensures smooth upward movement of the spraying assembly.

[0057] The spraying assembly includes a storage tank 23 for storing neutralizing agents, which is fixedly installed inside a placement tank 22. The storage tank 23 is separated into storage areas for acidic and alkaline agents by a baffle plate. A nozzle 24 for spraying agents is fixedly installed on the placement tank 22. A diaphragm pump 25 for extracting agents is fixedly installed on the top wall of the placement tank 22. The input end of the diaphragm pump 25 is fixedly connected to an extraction pipe 26, which is located in the storage area of ​​the corresponding agent. The output end of the diaphragm pump 25 is connected to the corresponding nozzle 24. When the diaphragm pump 25 is working, the corresponding agent is sprayed out through the nozzle 24 to form a spray area.

[0058] Furthermore, the acidic agent storage area of ​​storage tank 23 contains a composite treatment material for alkaline hazardous chemicals, with an acidic neutralizing component at its core. The alkaline agent storage area contains a composite treatment material for acidic hazardous chemicals, with an alkaline neutralizing component at its core. Both treatment materials are formulated based on the same functional architecture and are specifically designed for in-situ emergency treatment of different acid- and alkaline soluble hazardous chemicals. This design allows the agent to precisely match the nature of the leak source, achieving rapid and targeted neutralization before diffusion, thus avoiding increased difficulty in handling hazardous chemicals after diffusion.

[0059] Here, the neutralization and flocculation treatment material is a composite microsphere with a core-shell structure. The composite microsphere comprises, from the inside out: a core layer, composed of rapid neutralizing components, accounting for 45%-55% by mass, used for rapid and thorough neutralization of the acidity and alkalinity of the leaked hazardous chemicals; an intermediate layer, a flocculation-adsorption composite layer surrounding the core layer, accounting for 30%-40% by mass, used to adsorb pollutant particles and form initial flocs through charge neutralization; and an outer shell layer, a sedimentation-aiding and stabilizing layer surrounding the outermost layer, accounting for 10%-20% by mass, composed of polymeric coagulants and density modifiers, used to bridge and increase the size of the flocs and accelerate their settling.

[0060] It is important to note that this core-shell structure allows the composite microspheres to undergo a programmed reaction upon contact with water, following the sequence of outer shell dissolution to aid sedimentation, middle layer flocculation and adsorption, and core layer dissolution to release a neutralizing agent. This process overcomes the shortcomings of disordered reactions and mutual interference among components in traditional physical mixing agents, ensuring the orderly and efficient synergy of each functional component. The resulting flocs are denser, with a settling speed far exceeding that of physical mixing agents, and effectively prevent floc breakage caused by intense local reactions, achieving a dual improvement in treatment efficiency and stability.

[0061] Furthermore, the storage tank 23 is made of corrosion-resistant hard material, and each storage area is sealed to prevent leakage and deterioration of the agent. The end of the extraction pipe 26 is filtered to prevent impurities in the agent from entering the diaphragm pump 25. The diaphragm pump 25 is connected to the control box 4 by a signal to realize automated and precise control of start and stop. This design improves the storage safety of the neutralizing agent, avoids the agent from being contaminated by water or leaking itself, and prevents the diaphragm pump 25 from failing due to blockage by impurities, thus ensuring the stability and accuracy of the spraying component operation.

[0062] Furthermore, the spray angle of the nozzle 24 can be flexibly adjusted, and the connection between it and the container 22 is sealed, ensuring that the spray area is precisely matched with the containment area. This design enables precise spraying of the agent, avoids leakage and waste, and ensures that there are no blind spots in the neutralization treatment.

[0063] To achieve the above-mentioned spraying effect and to be compatible with the composite microspheres used in this invention, the composite microspheres can be pre-mixed with an appropriate amount of carrier liquid, such as water, before being loaded into the storage tank 23 to form a uniform and stable suspension slurry. Correspondingly, the diaphragm pump 25 is selected to be suitable for conveying media containing solid particles, and the nozzle 24 adopts an anti-clogging atomizing nozzle structure. This design ensures that the suspension slurry can be stably extracted and fully atomized by the nozzle 24 before being uniformly sprayed into the controlled area, thereby giving full play to the programmed synergistic treatment efficiency of each component of the composite microspheres.

[0064] A float plate 27 is provided inside the containment cavity. The placement bucket 22 is fixedly installed with the float plate 27. A floating area is formed between the float plate 27 and the second partition 20. A valve 28 for water injection is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped enclosure 3 at the floating area position. When the valve 28 is opened, water enters the floating area and drives the float plate 27 to move upward. When the float plate 27 is at the horizontal plane, the airbag 18 contacts the sealing cover plate 10 in the support area.

[0065] Here, the float 27 is a lightweight, high-strength flat plate, the size of which is adapted to the width of the receiving cavity. The placement barrel 22 is welded and fixed to the float 27. The valve 28 is an underwater sealing type and is integrated with the side wall of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. The floating area is a reserved cavity between the float 27 and the second partition 20. This design allows the float 27 to move the spraying components smoothly upward by relying on buoyancy. The sealing design of the valve 28 ensures the underwater pre-positioning stability of the device.

[0066] Furthermore, the float 27 is made of waterproof, corrosion-resistant, and lightweight material with a non-slip surface treatment. The connection between the float 27 and the placement tank 22 is reinforced. The valve 28 is connected to the control box 4 via a signal connection. When water is injected, the water enters the floating area evenly. This design improves the buoyancy and durability of the float 27, ensures a stable connection, realizes automated water injection control, and prevents the float 27 from tilting.

[0067] Furthermore, the edges of the float plate 27 are treated with a sliding wear-resistant finish against the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the inlet of the valve 28 is equipped with a filter structure. This design reduces the moving resistance of the float plate 27, prevents sediment from entering the floating area and accumulating, and ensures that the float plate 27 moves upward smoothly.

[0068] A method for using an underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reactive microspheres includes the following steps:

[0069] S1. Pre-deployment: The mounting plate 1 is fixedly installed at the designated position on the shore building, and the support platform 2 is pre-embedded at the corresponding position on the riverbed at the front of the wharf. The hook 8 is connected by an external pulling device, which drives the sliding plate 6 to slide along the guide rail 5. The arc-shaped enclosure 3 is assembled onto the support platform 2 to form a preset area. At this time, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 extends out, and the sealing cover plate 10 is sealed and fitted with the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure 3. The control box 4 establishes a signal connection with the external central control unit, and the underwater pre-deployment of the device is completed.

[0070] Here, the mounting plate 1 is selected in a stable area of ​​the building on the shore, the pre-embedded position of the support platform 2 corresponds to the enclosure range, the external pulling equipment pulls the sliding plate 6 at a uniform speed, and the control box 4 and the external central control unit complete the signal connection and then perform signal testing; this design allows the pre-set position to accurately adapt to the prevention and control requirements, ensuring stable assembly and smooth command transmission.

[0071] Furthermore, after the arc-shaped enclosure 3 is assembled, check the fit with the limit slot of the support platform 2, the sealing of the cover plate, and the signal connection status of each component; this design eliminates installation hazards and ensures the reliability of the device in underwater standby.

[0072] Furthermore, the device performs regular remote self-checks after being pre-configured, and can be pulled out of the water for repairs in case of abnormalities; this design enables early detection and handling of faults, ensuring that the device is always in an emergency-ready state.

[0073] S2. Emergency Trigger: When the external central control unit detects a leak of soluble hazardous chemicals in the water, it sends an emergency trigger signal to control box 4. Control box 4 activates the processing mechanism, and the device enters the emergency working state.

[0074] Here, the external central control unit obtains leakage information in real time through monitoring equipment. After confirmation, it sends a wireless trigger signal to control box 4. Control box 4 starts the internal control program and activates each component of the treatment mechanism one by one. This design realizes real-time leakage monitoring and rapid response, buying time for containment and disposal.

[0075] Furthermore, after receiving the signal, the control box 4 feeds back the reception status and activates the components step by step according to the preset timing sequence; this design realizes two-way signal confirmation, avoids signal interference, and ensures coordinated operation of the components.

[0076] S3, Water Injection and Floating: Control box 4 first controls valve 28 to open, injecting water into the floating area between float plate 27 and second partition plate 20, so that float plate 27 obtains initial buoyancy and completes the preparation for floating.

[0077] Here, the control box 4 sends an opening signal to the valve 28, and the water enters the floating zone at a constant speed. The float 27 is in a state of waiting to move upward. After the buoyancy is accumulated, the control box detects the buoyancy status. This design realizes the automatic control of water injection and ensures that the float 27 is subjected to uniform force and sufficient initial buoyancy.

[0078] Furthermore, the control box 4 can adjust the opening range of the valve 28 according to the buoyancy state of the float 27 to control the water injection volume and speed; this design achieves precise water injection control and avoids damage to components due to excessive water injection.

[0079] S4, Cover opening: Control box 4 sends a release signal to hydraulic cylinder 11, the output end of hydraulic cylinder 11 retracts, driving the sealing cover 10 to rotate around bracket 9 to open the opening of arc-shaped enclosure 3, external water flows into the receiving cavity from the opening, further increasing the buoyancy of float 27, float 27 pulls airbag 18 upwards by its own buoyancy, forming a support area for spraying components.

[0080] Here, the control box 4 sends signals to the two sets of hydraulic cylinders 11 at the same speed. The hydraulic cylinders 11 retract at a constant speed, causing the cover to open at a constant speed. External water quickly flows into the replenishment floating area, and the float 27 moves upward at a constant speed, pulling the airbag 18 to move synchronously. This design ensures that the cover opens smoothly, the buoyancy of the float 27 continues to increase, and the components move smoothly.

[0081] Furthermore, the opening angle of the cover plate is set to form a stable support area. The hydraulic cylinder 11 retracts to the preset stroke and stops. The control box 4 monitors the movement position of the floating plate 27 in real time. This design ensures the stability of the support area and prevents damage to components from collisions.

[0082] Furthermore, when the float 27 pulls the airbag 18, the airbag 18 is in a naturally extended state without excessive stretching; this design avoids damage to the airbag 18 and ensures normal subsequent inflation.

[0083] S5. Inflation and containment of airbag 18: When the float 27 moves to the horizontal position by buoyancy, the control box 4 triggers the opening of the electromagnetic one-way valve 17. The gas cylinder 13 in the storage chamber 12 inflates the airbag 18 through the first air pipe 14, the installation end 16, and the second air pipe 19 to form an inflation zone. After the airbag 18 is inflated, it abuts against the sealing cover plate 10 of the support area. At this time, the spraying component driven by the float 27, together with the installation plate 1 and the arc-shaped enclosure plate 3, forms a closed hazardous chemical containment zone, realizing the physical isolation of leaked hazardous chemicals.

[0084] Here, after the control box 4 confirms that the float 27 is in place through the position detection component, it synchronously triggers the opening of the electromagnetic one-way valve 17. High-pressure gas is uniformly filled into the airbag 18 along the supply gas channel. The airbag 18 expands uniformly and abuts against the cover plate, forming a closed enclosure. This design enables precise triggering of airbag 18 inflation, avoids airbag 18 bursting, and ensures that the enclosure effectively blocks hazardous chemicals.

[0085] Furthermore, after the airbag 18 is inflated, the control box 4 monitors its inflation pressure, and the sealing is checked after the containment area is formed; this design ensures that the airbag 18 is stably supported and prevents the spread of hazardous chemicals.

[0086] Furthermore, the containment zone precisely covers the leak area and the surrounding diffusion range; this design effectively isolates hazardous chemicals and facilitates subsequent neutralization and disposal.

[0087] S6. Intelligent Neutralization: Based on the acidity or alkalinity information of the leaked hazardous chemical transmitted by the external central control unit, the control box 4 starts the diaphragm pump 25 and extracts the neutralization and flocculation treatment material prepared according to a specific mass ratio from the acid or alkaline agent storage area corresponding to the storage tank 23 through the extraction pipe 26. After being pressurized by the diaphragm pump 25, the agent is evenly sprayed into the containment area through the nozzle 24, fully mixed with the leaked hazardous chemical, and completes the neutralization and flocculation reaction. The neutralization and flocculation treatment material in the storage tank 23 is used to treat soluble hazardous chemicals.

[0088] Here, the control box 4 is matched with the corresponding chemical storage area, and the diaphragm pump 25 is started to draw materials from the bottom of the storage area. After being pressurized, the materials are sprayed into the controlled area through the atomizing nozzle 24, and the chemicals are fully mixed with the hazardous chemicals. This design realizes precise matching and automated spraying of chemicals, expands the contact area, and improves neutralization efficiency.

[0089] Furthermore, the diaphragm pump 25's extraction speed is adjusted according to the leakage amount, the nozzle 24 sprays evenly within a preset angle range, and the components of the treatment material are mixed according to the formula to achieve multiple effects of neutralization, adsorption, flocculation, and sedimentation. This design allows the dosage of the agent to be adapted to the leakage amount, quickly converting soluble hazardous chemicals into solid flocs. The treatment material is stored in a moisture-proof and deterioration-proof sealed container, has stable chemical properties, and reacts quickly with hazardous chemicals. This design ensures the reliability of material storage, shortens reaction time, and improves emergency response efficiency.

[0090] Furthermore, the treatment materials are highly compatible with water bodies, cause no secondary pollution, and the solid flocs after the reaction easily settle; this design avoids secondary damage to the aquatic environment and reduces the difficulty of subsequent cleanup.

[0091] S7. Recovery and Reset: After the emergency response to hazardous chemicals is completed, the arc-shaped enclosure 3 is pulled along the guide rail 5 by hooking the hook 8 with the external pulling equipment, so that the entire arc-shaped enclosure 3 is detached from the riverbed support platform 2 and pulled out of the water to form a loading area; the device pulled out of the water is inspected and repaired as a whole, the residual gas in the gas bag 18 is released, the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder 13 is replenished, and the acid and alkaline neutralization and flocculation treatment materials are replenished to the storage tank 23. After the inspection and repair are completed, step S1 is repeated to reassemble the arc-shaped enclosure 3 back to the support platform 2, completing the underwater pre-set reset of the device, waiting for the next emergency trigger.

[0092] Here, after the external control unit confirms that the disposal has been completed, the manual operation of the pulling equipment pulls the arc-shaped enclosure 3 out to the loading area at a uniform speed, and then the device is fully inspected; this design makes the recycling operation convenient and stable, avoids damage to components, and eliminates potential hazards in a timely manner.

[0093] Furthermore, during the maintenance process, the residual gas in the airbag 18 is first released through the vent to allow it to return to its natural expanded state. Then, the gas cylinder 13 in the storage chamber 12 is replenished with high-pressure gas to ensure that its gas storage pressure meets the standard. At the same time, the corresponding neutralization and flocculation treatment materials are replenished to the two storage areas of the storage tank 23, and the replenishment amount is filled according to the preset standard. This design completes the replenishment of consumables and the reset of components in a reasonable order, ensuring the gas supply capacity of the gas cylinder 13 and the reagent storage capacity of the storage tank 23, and ensuring the normal operation of the next emergency operation of the device.

[0094] Furthermore, after inspection and repair, a full trial run is conducted, and after passing the test, the pre-installed components are reassembled. This design eliminates potential problems, ensures that the equipment is back in standby mode, and responds promptly to subsequent emergency needs.

[0095] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hazardous chemical underwater containment and disposal device based on programmed reaction microspheres, characterized in that: The system includes an installation plate (1) fixedly installed on a building on the riverbank and a support platform (2) pre-embedded in the riverbed. The support platform (2) is provided with an arc-shaped enclosure (3) for pre-setting the leakage range. The two ends of the arc-shaped enclosure (3) are connected to the sliding components on the installation plate (1) for assembling the arc-shaped enclosure (3). The arc-shaped enclosure (3) is provided with a receiving cavity. The bottom wall of the receiving cavity is fixedly installed with a control box (4) that is connected to the external central control unit. The receiving cavity is provided with a treatment mechanism for leakage emergency. The treatment mechanism includes a spraying component for neutralizing hazardous chemicals and a drive component for driving the spraying component to move upward. The control box (4) is used to control the coordinated operation of each component of the treatment mechanism. When the treatment mechanism is working, the drive component drives the spraying component to move upward under the control of the control box (4) and forms a containment zone for hazardous chemicals between it and the installation plate (1).

2. The underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding assembly includes guide rails (5) symmetrically mounted on the mounting plate (1). Sliding plates (6) are fixedly mounted on both ends of the arc-shaped enclosure (3). Rollers (7) for movement are symmetrically mounted on the sliding plates (6). When the sliding plates (6) are slidably connected to the guide rails (5), the rollers (7) abut against the inner wall of the guide rails (5). Hooks (8) for connecting to external pulling equipment are fixedly mounted on the ends of the sliding plates (6). When the arc-shaped enclosure (3) abuts against the surface of the support platform (2), a preset area is formed. When the arc-shaped enclosure (3) is separated from the support platform (2), a loading area is formed.

3. The underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 2, characterized in that: A bracket (9) is fixedly installed in the middle of the arc-shaped enclosure (3). A sealing cover (10) adapted to the arc-shaped enclosure (3) is rotatably connected to the bracket (9). Hydraulic cylinders (11) for opening and closing the sealing cover (10) are symmetrically hinged on the arc-shaped enclosure (3). The output ends of the two sets of hydraulic cylinders (11) are hinged to the extension of the sealing cover (10). When the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11) extends, the sealing cover (10) and the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure (3) form a sealing area. When the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11) retracts, the sealing cover (10) opens the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure (3) and forms a support area for the spraying assembly.

4. The underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a storage chamber (12) symmetrically fixedly installed on the outside of the arc-shaped enclosure (3) and adapted to it. Gas cylinders (13) are equidistantly arranged within the storage chamber (12) along the arc of the enclosure via mounting brackets. The gas cylinders (13) are used to transport gas. A first gas pipe (14) connected to the receiving cavity is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the storage chamber (12), and the output end of the gas cylinders (13) is connected to the first gas pipe (14). A sealing device is fixedly installed within the receiving cavity. The first partition (15) has a fixed connection to the mounting end (16) of the corresponding gas cylinder (13). The mounting end (16) is fixedly installed with an electromagnetic one-way valve (17) for controlling gas flow. The other end of the first gas pipe (14) is connected to the electromagnetic one-way valve (17). When the control box (4) controls the gas cylinder (13) to supply gas and the electromagnetic one-way valve (17) is opened, a gas supply area is formed. When the electromagnetic one-way valve (17) is closed, a blocking area is formed.

5. The underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 4, characterized in that: An airbag (18) adapted to the arc-shaped enclosure (3) is placed inside the cavity. The inflatable end of the airbag (18) is fixedly connected to a second air tube (19). The end of the second air tube (19) is connected to the installation end (16) to form a gas supply channel. When the gas supply area is in place, the gas in the gas cylinder (13) is filled into the airbag (18) and forms an inflation area. A second partition (20) is fixedly installed on the top of the airbag (18), and the second partition (20) is in contact with the inner wall of the cavity. The second partition (20) has placement holes (21) equidistantly opened along its path. A placement bucket (22) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the placement hole (21), and the airbag (18) covers the outside of the placement bucket (22).

6. The underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying assembly includes a storage tank (23) for storing neutralizing agents. The storage tank (23) is fixedly installed inside the placement tank (22). The storage tank (23) is separated into storage areas for acidic and alkaline agents by a baffle plate. A nozzle (24) for spraying agents is fixedly installed on the placement tank (22). A diaphragm pump (25) for extracting agents is fixedly installed on the top wall of the placement tank (22). The input end of the diaphragm pump (25) is fixedly connected to an extraction pipe (26), and the extraction pipe (26) is located in the storage area of ​​the corresponding agent. The output end of the diaphragm pump (25) is connected to the corresponding nozzle (24). When the diaphragm pump (25) is working, the corresponding agent is sprayed out through the nozzle (24) to form a spray area.

7. The underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: A float plate (27) is provided in the cavity. The placement bucket (22) is fixedly installed with the float plate (27). A floating area is formed between the float plate (27) and the second partition (20). A valve (28) for injecting water is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped enclosure (3) at the floating area. When the valve (28) is opened, water enters the floating area and drives the float plate (27) to move upward. When the float plate (27) is at the horizontal plane, the airbag (18) contacts the sealing cover plate (10) in the support area.

8. The method of using the underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, Pre-deployment: The mounting plate (1) is fixedly installed at the designated position of the building on the shore, and the support platform (2) is pre-embedded at the corresponding position of the riverbed at the front of the wharf. The hook (8) is connected by the external pulling equipment, and the sliding plate (6) is driven to slide along the guide rail (5). The arc-shaped enclosure (3) is assembled onto the support platform (2) to form a preset area. At this time, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11) extends out, and the sealing cover plate (10) is sealed and matched with the opening of the arc-shaped enclosure (3). The control box (4) establishes a signal connection with the external central control unit to complete the underwater pre-deployment of the device. S2, Emergency Trigger: When the external control unit detects a leak of soluble hazardous chemicals in the water, it sends an emergency trigger signal to the control box (4), the control box (4) activates the processing mechanism, and the device enters the emergency working state; S3, Water injection and buoyancy storage: The control box (4) first controls the valve (28) to open, injecting water into the floating area between the float plate (27) and the second partition (20) so that the float plate (27) can obtain initial buoyancy and complete the preparation for buoyancy storage; S4, Cover opening: The control box (4) sends a release signal to the hydraulic cylinder (11), the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11) retracts, and drives the sealing cover (10) to rotate around the bracket (9) to open the arc-shaped enclosure (3) opening. External water flows into the receiving cavity from the opening, further increasing the buoyancy of the float (27). The float (27) pulls the airbag (18) upward by its own buoyancy, and moves upward synchronously to form a support area for the spraying components. S5. Inflation and containment of airbags: When the float (27) moves to the horizontal position by buoyancy, the control box (4) triggers the opening of the electromagnetic one-way valve (17). The gas cylinder (13) in the storage chamber (12) inflates the airbag (18) through the first air pipe (14), the installation end (16), and the second air pipe (19) to form an inflation area. After the airbag (18) is inflated, it abuts against the sealing cover plate (10) of the support area. At this time, the spraying components driven by the float (27) and the installation plate (1) and the arc-shaped enclosure plate (3) enclose and form a closed hazardous chemical containment area, realizing the physical isolation of leaked hazardous chemicals. S6, Intelligent Neutralization: The control box (4) starts the diaphragm pump (25) according to the acid and alkalinity information of the leaked hazardous chemicals transmitted by the external central control unit. The pump (25) extracts the neutralization and flocculation treatment material prepared according to a specific mass ratio from the acid or alkaline agent storage area corresponding to the storage tank (23) through the extraction pipe (26). After the agent is pressurized by the diaphragm pump (25), it is evenly sprayed into the enclosure area through the nozzle (24) to fully mix with the leaked hazardous chemicals and complete the neutralization and flocculation reaction. S6.1 The neutralization and flocculation treatment material is a composite microsphere with a core-shell structure. The composite microsphere comprises, from the inside out: a core layer, composed of a rapid neutralization component, accounting for 45%-55% by mass, used for rapid and thorough neutralization of the acidity and alkalinity of the leaked hazardous chemicals; an intermediate layer, a flocculation-adsorption composite layer wrapped around the core layer, accounting for 30%-40% by mass, used for adsorbing pollutant particles and forming initial flocs through charge neutralization; and an outer shell layer, a sedimentation-stabilizing layer wrapped around the outermost layer, accounting for 10%-20% by mass, composed of a polymeric coagulant and a density regulator, used for bridging and increasing the size of the flocs and accelerating their sedimentation. S6.2 Before being loaded into the storage tank 23, the composite microspheres can be pre-mixed with an appropriate amount of carrier liquid to form a uniform and stable suspension slurry, and then loaded into the corresponding chambers in the storage tank 23; S7. Recovery and Reset: After the emergency treatment of hazardous chemicals is completed, the arc-shaped enclosure (3) is pulled along the guide rail (5) by hooking the hook (8) with the external pulling equipment. The entire arc-shaped enclosure (3) is detached from the riverbed support platform (2) and pulled out of the water to form a loading area. The device pulled out of the water is inspected and repaired as a whole. The residual gas in the air bag (18) is released, the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder (13) is replenished, and the acid and alkaline neutralization and flocculation treatment materials are replenished to the storage tank (23). After the inspection and repair are completed, step S1 is repeated to reassemble the arc-shaped enclosure (3) back to the support platform (2) to complete the underwater pre-set reset of the device and wait for the next emergency trigger.

9. The method of using the underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 8, characterized in that: The neutralization and flocculation treatment material in the storage tank (23) for disposing of soluble hazardous chemicals is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 35% neutralizing component, 25% flocculation component, 25% adsorption component, and 15% sedimentation aid component.

10. The method of using the underwater containment and disposal device for hazardous chemicals based on programmed reaction microspheres according to claim 8, characterized in that: The storage tank (23) contains a neutralization and flocculation treatment material with an alkaline neutralizing component as its core in the acidic agent storage area and an alkaline agent storage area containing a neutralization and flocculation treatment material with an acidic neutralizing component as its core. The neutralization and flocculation treatment material is suitable for in-situ neutralization of acidic and alkaline soluble hazardous chemicals.

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