A clover-leaf rotatable ecological floating bed system and an intelligent operation and maintenance method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of clover rotatable ecological floating bed system and its intelligent operation and maintenance method, including center fixed shaft, three floating bed blades and electrical system;Center fixed shaft is vertically fixed in river bottom;Three floating bed blades are rotatably connected around center fixed shaft by respective independent connecting structure;Floating bed blade includes planting module, water purification module and buoyancy module, and electrical system includes non-contact position detection and electromagnetic lock unit, blade active power unit, substrate monitoring unit, position positioning and communication module and energy system.The present application is realized by the setting of detachable modular enrichment device, specific monitoring mechanism and intelligent system etc., realizes passive rotation efficient purification, intelligent operation and maintenance, intelligent collection avoids, intelligent monitoring and early warning, modular installation and disassembly, modular quick replacement, persistent adsorption pollutant, degradable environmental protection etc., widely applicable to various navigable river or inland landscape river not navigable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment pollution control and ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system and its intelligent operation and maintenance method. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid economic development, industrial pollution and excessive fertilizer use in agriculture have exacerbated the problem of river and lake water pollution. Ecological floating beds, as an in-situ remediation technology, are a relatively mature technology widely used in urban inland waterways. Primarily for landscaping and beautification, they utilize the absorption of nutrients by aquatic plant roots and microbial degradation to effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the water. This technology has applications both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, traditional fixed ecological floating beds have the following technical bottlenecks: (1) Poor navigation adaptability. Fixed floating beds occupy a constant water surface area, which seriously hinders the passage of ships in busy waterways and restricts their application scope. Although some improvement schemes use rope-traction floating beds, they require manual on-site operation, have a slow response speed, and cannot achieve automated management. (2) Limited purification efficiency. Fixed floating beds can only treat the local water area below them, and have a weak mixing and exchange effect on the overall water body. Suspended solids are easy to settle at the bottom of the floating bed, creating an anaerobic zone. They are also easy to accumulate floating garbage in corners where they are not easy to disperse and drift away due to water flow, which will release pollutants instead. Plant roots can only absorb dissolved nutrients and have a poor effect on removing particulate pollutants. (3) Difficult maintenance. When the plants of traditional floating beds die off in large areas due to adverse conditions and need to be replaced, as well as when cleaning their substrate, they often need to be hoisted and replaced as a whole, resulting in a large workload. If the adsorbent material installed cannot be replaced in time after it becomes saturated, the purification efficiency will decrease significantly over time. Meanwhile, the old ecological floating beds lack real-time monitoring methods, and the maintenance cycle is determined by experience. There are problems such as waste caused by replacing them too early or inefficiency caused by replacing them too late. (4) Ecological impact: Traditional fixed ecological floating beds are fixed in the same area for a long time, covering the water surface and blocking sunlight, which leads to the degradation of underwater submerged plants, destroying the original ecosystem. Moreover, after the plants wither in winter, the floating beds are prone to become a source of visual pollution.

[0004] The prior art patent CN201320193009.X discloses a "rotatable ecological floating bed device," which uses a main shaft placed on the riverbed sediment and a floating body to plant a floating bed on the water surface. The device rotates using water flow and uses an artificial medium at the bottom of the floating body to adsorb river pollutants. However, the artificial medium located below the floating bed is difficult to replace, and after weak adsorption saturation, it becomes a pollutant accumulation and dispersion area. Furthermore, the device occupies a large area, limiting its applicability in rivers; and its non-modular design makes it difficult to construct and maintain.

[0005] The prior art patent with publication number CN200920284286.5 discloses "a rotatable ecological floating bed for the inlet of polluted water bodies in mountainous areas". It uses ropes to fix a floating box floating on the water surface, and a motor is installed on the floating box to make the ecological floating bed planting trough on the water surface rotate. The main purpose is to show the beauty of plants. However, it occupies a large area, there are still a lot of shaded areas at the bottom that are not suitable for the growth of submerged plants at the bottom of the river, and it requires a motor to drive the rotation, which is inconvenient for maintenance and management. Overall, it is also not convenient for construction, management and operation.

[0006] The prior art patent with publication number CN201410803866.6 discloses "a mobile ecological floating bed based on sludge substrate for urban sewage treatment plants". It utilizes urban sludge powder for recycling and adds other substrates to form modular aquatic plant planting troughs and growth substrates. A certain amount of purification and adsorption filler is placed at the bottom. Although the overall cost is low and the random floating state does not affect the growth of submerged plants at the bottom, like most mobile floating beds, its movement trajectory is unstable. It is easy to drift to unknown locations under the influence of wind and water flow, and it may not be convenient to recycle and maintain it later. Moreover, its structure may be relatively fragile. In extreme weather, it may be damaged by collisions with each other or hitting hard structures along the shore, which may become a source of pollution.

[0007] The existing patent CN121134985A discloses an "ecological restoration device for direct-drive rotational oxygenation to promote phytoplankton assimilation and purification," which utilizes the reaction force of aeration to drive rotation and is suitable for oxygenation and purification of closed polder water bodies. However, this device uses aeration airflow as the rotational power source, making it impossible to actively control the start and stop of rotation. Furthermore, its double semi-circular floating bed structure lacks a folding function, making it difficult to meet the intelligent avoidance requirements of ships in navigable waterways. Additionally, it cannot achieve intelligent early warning or modular replacement of purification units.

[0008] While the aforementioned existing technologies take into account rotation or mobility, cost, and ease of maintenance, they do not solve core issues such as convenient installation, modular and replaceable components, long-lasting adsorption of pollutants, biodegradability, and modular installation. Furthermore, none of these floating beds employs an active monitoring mode, requiring maintenance personnel to rely entirely on their experience to determine whether to replace or repair components. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rotating ecological floating bed system that integrates efficient multi-dimensional purification, intelligent operation and maintenance, modular installation and maintenance, biodegradability or recyclability, and navigation friendliness. This system should overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies through structural innovation and verifiable integration of specific technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system and its intelligent operation and maintenance method. This invention achieves the automated retrieval and deployment of the ecological floating bed system in navigable waterways through a series of intelligent designs, including specific modular water purification modules, planting modules, power systems, and an intelligent early warning mechanism for enrichment device saturation. It also utilizes environmentally friendly materials throughout the entire life cycle, and employs a series of structural, formula, and system designs, as well as intelligent operation and maintenance methods. This reduces waterway occupation, improves the water purification efficiency of the ecological floating bed system per unit area, enhances water mixing and exchange, supports modular rapid replacement, reduces the light shading of underwater submerged plants by the ecological floating bed system, maintains ecological balance, and achieves harmless treatment after the system is decommissioned.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention first provides a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system, including a central fixed shaft, three floating bed blades, and an electrical system; The central fixed shaft is vertically fixed to the bottom of the river channel; The three floating bed blades are symmetrically distributed at 120° in a clover configuration. The three floating bed blades are rotatably connected around the central fixed axis through their respective independent connection structures. The floating bed blades include a planting module, a water purification module, and a buoyancy module. The electrical system includes a non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit, a blade active power unit, a matrix monitoring unit, a position positioning and communication module, and an energy system; The non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit is configured to detect the position of the floating bed blades and control the unlocking and locking of the floating bed blades. At least two of the floating bed blades are provided with blade active power units, which are configured to drive the floating bed blades to rotate actively between the deployed position and the retracted position. The substrate monitoring unit is configured to monitor the pH value and dissolved oxygen content in the planting module; The location and communication module is configured to collect monitoring data, receive remote commands, and control the operation and shutdown of the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit, the blade active power unit, and the matrix monitoring unit. The energy system is configured to provide power, detection, and communication for the entire ecological floating bed system.

[0011] In the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the central fixed shaft comprises multiple sections, with adjacent sections connected by threads; the central fixed shaft includes, from top to bottom, an anti-ultraviolet main shaft, a flexible buffer pile, and a riverbed fixed pile connecting spear. The UV-resistant spindle is made of modified PP material with a polished surface; a long sleeve is rotatably fitted around the outside of the UV-resistant spindle; the UV-resistant spindle is composed of multiple segments. The flexible buffer pile is configured to allow it to swing ±15° in the horizontal direction; the flexible buffer pile consists of multiple segments. The connecting spear of the riverbed fixing pile is made of ductile iron; The bottom of the riverbed fixing pile connecting spear is also threaded with a riverbed fixing spear, which is made of PHA resin material and has an expansion tube structure of an expansion bolt. The top of the UV-resistant spindle is also connected to a disassembly nut port, which is made of ductile iron. The top of the disassembly nut port has a disassembly opening that allows a disassembly pry bar to pass through it.

[0012] In the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the floating bed blades further include an ecological floating bed blade frame, and the ecological floating bed blade frame has built-in longitudinal and transverse reinforcing ribs; the shape of the ecological floating bed blade frame is "concave". The connecting structure includes a blade sleeve, which is located at one end of the ecological floating bed blade frame near the central fixed axis. Depending on the floating bed blade, the blade sleeve includes a first blade sleeve, a second blade sleeve, and a third blade sleeve with different longitudinal positions. The first blade sleeve and the third blade sleeve can be independently rotated around the long sleeve and fitted onto the lower and upper sections of the long sleeve, respectively. The second blade sleeve is fixedly fitted onto the middle section of the long sleeve. The buoyancy module is located at the bottom of the ecological floating bed blade frame; the buoyancy module includes an independent compartment and closed-cell EPS foam encapsulated in the independent compartment; The floating bed blades are equipped with suspension devices on both sides, and a biodegradable slow-release probiotic module is connected below the suspension devices. The biodegradable slow-release probiotic module is located below the water surface. The biodegradable slow-release probiotic module includes a biodegradable net cage structure, multiple slow-release bacterial blocks inside the net cage structure, and biodegradable biological filler outside the net cage structure. The slow-release bacterial blocks contain one or more of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and actinomycetes. The slow-release bacterial blocks can be replaced periodically.

[0013] In the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, both ends of the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame are provided with matrix detection ports, and the matrix monitoring unit is located at the matrix detection ports. The energy system includes a solar panel, an energy storage battery system, built-in cables and a communication antenna. The end of the ecological floating bed blade frame away from the central fixed axis is connected to one end of the communication antenna. The communication antenna contains an antenna and a cable. The other end of the communication antenna is equipped with a solar panel. The solar panel is configured to store energy in the energy storage battery system and provide energy for the entire ecological floating bed system. The ecological floating bed blade frame is equipped with a protective shell with an IP68 protection rating. The energy storage battery system and the blade active power unit are located at one end of the protective shell away from the central fixed axis. The energy storage battery system is electrically connected to the solar panel and is electrically connected to the matrix monitoring unit, the blade active power unit, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit, and the position positioning and communication module via cables. The blade active power unit includes two motors. The position positioning and communication module is located inside the protective housing at one end near the central fixed shaft. The position positioning and communication module is connected to the matrix monitoring unit, the blade active power unit, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit, the energy storage battery system and the remote control terminal. The ecological floating bed blade frame has two power holes with filters on both sides below the end away from the central fixed axis, which are corresponding to the blade active power unit. The power holes are configured to provide an outlet for the active movement power of the floating bed blade.

[0014] In a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the planting module can be replaced as a whole. The planting module is long and bowl-shaped and is located in the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame. The planting module includes a planting module shell, a detachable side plate, a substrate detection hole, and an installation and removal handle. The planting module shell has a U-shaped structure. A detachable side plate is installed on each side of the planting module shell. Multiple water-permeable holes are provided in the lower 1 / 3 area of ​​the detachable side plate. The substrate detection holes are located at the upper part of both ends of the planting module shell. The substrate detection holes correspond to the substrate detection ports. An installation and removal handle is connected to the top of the planting module shell. The planting module also includes a lightweight internal filling substrate for plant growth. The planting module consists of a plant layer, a substrate layer, a zeolite layer, and a ceramsite layer from top to bottom. The plant layer includes at least aquatic canna lilies, cattails, water onions, and sweet flag; when planted in rivers with heavy metal pollution, it also includes a variety of highly resilient plants; when planted in areas where saline seawater may intrude, it also includes a variety of salt-tolerant plants. The matrix layer includes packaging and a matrix disposed inside the packaging. The matrix components, by weight, include: 30 parts bentonite, 25 parts zeolite powder, 20 parts biochar, 5 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 10 parts peat, 5 parts coconut coir, and 5 parts sodium alginate. The matrix is ​​a pre-formed granular material with a diameter of 5-8 mm. The packaging is a biodegradable non-woven bag. The zeolite layer has a lightweight porous structure.

[0015] In a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the water purification module is provided on each of the two sides of the concave part of the ecological floating bed blade frame. The water purification module includes an enrichment device and an installation and disassembly slot. The installation and disassembly slot is detachably installed on the two sides of the concave part of the ecological floating bed blade frame by means of installation bolts. The enrichment device is installed on the installation and disassembly slot. The enrichment device is a layered drawer type, which includes an outer primary filter drawer, a middle adsorption drawer and an inner fine filter drawer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside along the water flow direction, or an outer primary filter drawer and a middle adsorption drawer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The outer primary filter drawer includes polyester fiber filter cotton and a coarse filter baffle wrapped around it. The middle layer adsorption drawer includes a honeycomb block and a water-permeable rigid plate shell wrapped around it. The honeycomb block is made by pressing 60 parts of biochar, 30 parts of zeolite powder and 10 parts of sodium alginate by weight. The inner fine filter drawer includes modified activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron composite particles with a particle size of 3-5 mm and an outer waterproof rigid shell; the rigid shell is lined with a non-woven fabric to prevent nano-leakage; the modified activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron composite particles are configured to use the strong reducing properties of zero-valent iron to reduce highly toxic hexavalent chromium to low-toxic trivalent chromium and precipitate it, while using activated carbon to adsorb copper and zinc ions.

[0016] In a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit is located at the connection between the floating bed blade and the central fixed shaft, and includes a position detection device and a locking device. The position detection device includes two Hall sensors and two magnetic nails. The two magnetic nails are respectively embedded in the outer wall of the long sleeve at 120° and 240° positions. The two Hall sensors are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the first blade sleeve and the third blade sleeve. The locking device includes two electromagnets, two electromagnetic pins, and four gear ring positioning holes. The two electromagnets are respectively disposed inside the first blade sleeve and the third blade sleeve. The two electromagnetic pins are respectively disposed on the inner walls of the first blade sleeve and the third blade sleeve. The four gear ring positioning holes are respectively disposed on the side walls at 60°, 120°, 240° and 300° positions of the long sleeve.

[0017] In the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the substrate monitoring unit includes a water quality monitoring sensor, which calculates the replacement index RI using the relative value monitoring principle, and periodically transmits the data to the location positioning and communication module. When the location positioning and communication module detects that the replacement index RI ≥ 0.75, a replacement warning is triggered. The formula for calculating the replacement index RI is as follows: ; Wherein, ΔpH is the change in pH value calculated based on the pH value of the 7th day of system operation; ΔDO is the change in dissolved oxygen content calculated based on the dissolved oxygen content of the 7th day of system operation; t is the operating time; and Tdesign is the maximum saturation cycle time of each drawer of the enrichment device.

[0018] In the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, the position positioning and communication module includes a LoRa radio frequency module. The position positioning and communication module is configured to control the two floating bed blades to move sequentially after receiving a retraction or expansion command, with a 2-second interval between the movements of the two floating bed blades, and to record the position information of the ecological floating bed system and transmit it to a remote control terminal.

[0019] This invention also provides an intelligent operation and maintenance method for a clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system. This method uses the aforementioned clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system and includes the following steps: Step 1: Baseline data collection. After deploying multiple ecological floating bed systems at appropriate intervals, the monitoring data collected and recorded by the matrix monitoring unit of each ecological floating bed system on the 7th day is used as the baseline value. Step 2: Daily operation and continuous monitoring. The matrix monitoring unit monitors changes in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in real time and calculates the replacement index (RI). Step 3: Control of the floating bed blades. When it is necessary to retract or deploy the floating bed blades, the remote control terminal sends retraction or deployment commands through the position positioning and communication module. After receiving the retraction or deployment commands, the blade active power unit and the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit control the floating bed blades to unlock. Then, the blade active power unit controls the floating bed blades to rotate in the specified direction. After rotating to the correct position, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit controls the floating bed blades to lock. The unlocking, rotation and locking operations of two floating bed blades can be controlled individually and sequentially. After one floating bed blade is operated, the next floating bed blade is operated after a 2-second interval. Step 4: Modular replacement. When the location and communication module detects that the RI of a certain ecological floating bed system is ≥0.75, it reports the replacement warning and its location to the remote control terminal via LoRa. Maintenance personnel then replace the saturated enrichment device or planting module at the corresponding location.

[0020] Based on the above technical solution, the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system and its intelligent operation and maintenance method, as described in this invention patent, have achieved the following technical advantages through practical application: 1. This invention adopts a modular design and supports scenario-based configuration. The system of this invention integrates high-efficiency purification, intelligent operation and maintenance, navigation friendliness, convenient installation, modular replaceable components, long-lasting adsorption of pollutants, biodegradability and environmental protection, and modular installation. It also adopts an active monitoring mode, intelligently collects data and decides whether to replace or repair components. At the same time, it solves multiple technical problems of traditional floating beds, such as affecting navigation, low purification efficiency, difficult maintenance, and lack of intelligent design. It is widely applicable to various navigable rivers or non-navigable inland landscape rivers, including the treatment of non-point source pollution from farmland runoff, beautification and water purification of urban inland rivers, restoration of urban black and odorous water bodies, and emergency treatment and treatment of industrial polluted rivers.

[0021] 2. This invention integrates passive rotational purification, a detachable modular enrichment device, an intelligent retraction and avoidance device, and remote monitoring. It features an inexpensive, modularly installable, disassembled, and replaceable component structure with a biodegradable and environmentally friendly main body. Passive rotation is achieved through water flow. The enrichment device under the floating bed blades intercepts and adsorbs suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollutants in the water in layers. The adsorbed nutrients are slowly released to plant roots for growth. When the enrichment device is saturated, the system automatically issues an early warning based on water quality monitoring data and supports modular rapid replacement. The selected materials are biodegradable or recyclable, achieving environmental protection throughout the entire life cycle. After the system is decommissioned, some materials can be converted into riparian wetlands in situ without secondary pollution.

[0022] 3. This invention utilizes a clover-shaped structure composed of three rotating floating bed blades applied to an ecological floating bed. This achieves dynamic purification, enhances water mixing and exchange, and improves the water purification efficiency per unit area of ​​the floating bed. The system uses the shear force generated by rotation to disrupt the root boundary layer, significantly improving mass transfer efficiency. Experiments show that, under the same hydraulic retention time, the purification efficiency or pollutant reduction of this invention is 30%-50% higher than that of traditional fixed floating beds. The overall effluent quality compliance rate or absolute removal rate of the system can reach 65%-75%. Simultaneously, it achieves intermittent rotating illumination, reducing light shading of submerged plants, minimizing ecological impact, and maintaining ecological balance. The middle adsorption drawer of this invention uses a composite formula of biochar, zeolite, and sodium alginate. Compared to commercially available coal-based activated carbon particles of the same volume, this composite formula reduces raw material costs by approximately 60%. Compared to single biochar or single zeolite materials, this composite formula is particularly effective against ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in eutrophic waters, with an adsorption capacity more than 30% higher than that of traditional single adsorbents. The purification system combines the purification from the enrichment device, the purification from the planting module, and the purification from the biodegradable slow-release probiotic module to create a stable and efficient multi-dimensional purification system. It also incorporates a layered drawer-style enrichment device design and various modular designs, along with an intelligent early warning mechanism for enrichment device saturation, enabling modular replacement, convenient and low-cost maintenance, and high purification efficiency. Furthermore, the flexible buffer design of the polyurethane elastomer buffer section used in the central fixed shaft of this invention solves the problem of easy damage to traditional rigid shafts, improving the system's impact resistance.

[0023] 4. The solar panel, energy storage battery system, matrix monitoring unit, blade active power unit, non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit, position positioning and communication module and other series of settings of the present invention work together to achieve intelligent folding, energy control, intelligent early warning and intelligent control, and other aspects of monitoring and maintenance, with a high degree of intelligence.

[0024] 5. This invention realizes the automated folding and unfolding of the ecological floating bed in navigable waterways. When navigation needs are met, the intelligent system design enables the folding to be remotely controlled by a simple manual remote operation button, or the floating bed blades to be automatically folded by fully intelligent identification and control, reducing the width of the waterway occupied to at least 60% of the unfolded state, thus meeting navigation requirements.

[0025] 6. The system of the present invention has a lifespan of 5-8 years, and the vulnerable modules and components therein can be easily replaced. It has a long service life, is easy to maintain, and has low maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an elevation view of the overall structure of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is an axonometric view of the overall structure of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a segmented isometric view of the central fixed shaft of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the central fixed shaft of the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention, after being connected to the pile body and the riverbed fixing spear.

[0031] Figure 6 This is an axonometric structural diagram of a riverbed fixing spear of a clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the central fixed shaft of the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention after installation.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation and disassembly of the nut opening of the central fixed shaft of the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation and removal of the central fixed shaft of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is an overall structural diagram of the ecological floating bed blades of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 11 This is an exploded axonometric view of the ecological floating bed blades of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 12 This is an exploded axonometric view of the planting module of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 13 This is an exploded axonometric view of the water purification module of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 14 This is an axonometric view of the ecological floating bed blade frame of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 15This is an axonometric view of the electrical equipment arrangement inside the ecological floating bed blade frame of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking process of the central axis of the three ecological floating bed blades of the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 17 This is an exploded structural diagram of the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the folding process of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the completed folding of a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to the present invention.

[0045] Attached reference numerals: 100, central fixed shaft; 101, UV-resistant main shaft; 102, flexible buffer pile; 103, riverbed fixed pile connecting spear; 104, riverbed fixed spear; 105, disassembly nut opening; 106, disassembly pry bar; 107, disassembly round opening; 1001, long sleeve. 200. Floating bed blades; 201. Ecological floating bed blade frame; 2011. Matrix detection port; 2012. Protective shell; 2013. Power port; 202. Planting module; 2021. Planting module shell; 2022. Detachable side panel; 2023. Substrate detection hole; 2024. Installation and removal handle; 2025. Plant layer; 2026. Substrate layer; 2027. Zeolite layer; 2028. Ceramsite layer. 203. Water purification module; 204. Mounting bolts; 205. Mounting and disassembly slots; 206. Enrichment device; 2061. Outer primary filter drawer; 2062. Middle adsorption drawer; 2063. Inner fine filter drawer. 207. Buoyancy module; 208. Blade sleeve; 2081. First blade sleeve; 2082. Second blade sleeve; 2083. Third blade sleeve; 300. Electrical system; 301. Matrix monitoring unit; 302. Communication antenna; 303. Energy storage battery system; 304. Blade active power unit; 305. Cable; 306. Solar panel; 307. Non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit; 3071. Hall sensor; 3072. Magnetic nail; 3073. Electromagnetic pin; 3074. Gear ring positioning hole; 308. Positioning and communication module. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following detailed description of the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system and its intelligent operation and maintenance method, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, is provided to provide a clearer understanding of its structural composition and working principle. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system, including a central fixed shaft 100, three floating bed blades 200 and an electrical system 300; the central fixed shaft 100 is vertically fixedly installed on the bottom of the river channel; Three floating bed blades 200 are arranged in a 120° centrally symmetrical clover configuration. The three floating bed blades 200 are rotatably connected around the central fixed shaft 100 via their respective independent connecting structures. Each floating bed blade 200 includes a planting module 202, a water purification module 203, and a buoyancy module 207. In other words, when the entire ecological floating bed system is activated, it presents an ecological floating bed constructed of three floating bed blades 200, each with a 120° angle between each other, floating on the water surface. Figure 3 As shown, the three floating bed blades 200 are connected to the central fixed shaft 100 through the blade sleeve 208, the built-in non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, and the long sleeve 1001. They form a stable clover-shaped configuration floating on the water surface through the buoyancy module 207 located at the bottom. With the help of buoyancy, the height of the long sleeve 1001 on the central fixed shaft 100 can move up and down with the fluctuation of the water level.

[0048] Based on its clover-shaped structure, the river channel typically experiences tidal currents when there is flowing water, creating planar forces. Therefore, the three floating bed blades 200, in their locked state, can be driven to rotate by the water flow like a windmill, enabling automatic rotation within the river channel. This structure boasts strong radial scalability; the length of the floating bed blades 200 can be customized to fit the river channel width, offering high adaptability. The automatic rotation design allows for intermittent sunlight exposure to the riverbed vegetation, preventing vegetation degradation and preventing the accumulation of floating debris outside the floating structure, thus reducing its aesthetic appeal. When needed, such as in waterways requiring navigation or for maintenance and upgrades, the system utilizes the built-in blade active power unit 304 as a power source, along with a non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 connected to the central fixed shaft 100, which features a switching function. This drives the floating bed blades 200 to retract, effectively reducing the river channel footprint.

[0049] The electrical system 300 includes a non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, a blade active power unit 304, a matrix monitoring unit 301, a position positioning and communication module 308, and an energy system. The non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 is located at the connection between the floating bed blade 200 and the central fixed shaft 100 to detect the position of the floating bed blade 200 and control the unlocking and locking of its position. It includes a position detection device and a locking device. The position detection device is configured to determine the position of the floating bed blade 200 by detecting changes in the magnetic field, and the locking device is configured to control the unlocking and locking of the floating bed blade 200's position. At least two floating bed blades 200 are equipped with blade active power units 304. The system is configured to drive the floating bed blades 200 to rotate actively between the deployed and retracted positions; the substrate monitoring unit 301 is configured to monitor the pH value and dissolved oxygen content in the planting module 202; the position positioning and communication module 308 is configured to collect monitoring data, receive remote commands, and control the operation and shutdown of the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, the blade active power unit 304, and the substrate monitoring unit 301; the energy system provides power, detection, and communication energy for the entire ecological floating bed system, and the energy system includes a solar panel 306, an energy storage battery system 303, and built-in cables 305. The solar panel 306 is configured to store energy in the energy storage battery system 303 and provide power, detection, and communication energy for the entire ecological floating bed system.

[0050] like Figures 4-7 As shown, the central fixed shaft 100 adopts a segmented modular design and presents an assembled structure, including multiple segments, with adjacent segments connected by M24 threads; the central fixed shaft 100 includes an anti-ultraviolet main shaft 101, a flexible buffer pile 102 and a riverbed fixed pile connecting spear 103 arranged sequentially from top to bottom, which together form the pile body of the central fixed shaft 100, which includes multiple pile segments; The UV-resistant spindle 101 is made of modified PP material, which can effectively prevent the aging effect of sunlight. Its surface is polished to reduce biofouling. The UV-resistant spindle 101 has M24 male and female threaded openings at the top and bottom for easy connection and installation of the upper and lower pile sections. A long sleeve 1001 is rotatably fitted onto the outside of the UV-resistant spindle 101.

[0051] The flexible buffer pile 102 is made of cast polyurethane elastomer material with a tensile strength ≥30MPa and an elongation at break ≥400%. The flexible buffer pile 102 is configured to allow for ±15° horizontal oscillation, meaning the central fixed shaft 100 can oscillate ±15° horizontally. This design can absorb the kinetic energy of low-speed impacts from ships with speeds ≤5km / h, and can also absorb some disturbances from water flow and wind, preventing mechanical fatigue and structural damage, and extending the overall service life of the system. The flexible buffer pile 102 has pre-drilled M24 male and female threaded joints at the top and bottom for rapid installation.

[0052] The riverbed fixed pile connecting spear 103 is made of ductile iron with a threaded tip at the bottom and an M24 threaded interface reserved at the top for connecting the flexible buffer pile 102.

[0053] Both the UV-resistant main shaft 101 and the flexible buffer pile 102 are composed of multiple segments, which are generally uniformly set to 0.5 meters in length. This facilitates unified production and procurement by the factory and the client, while also allowing on-site operators to rationally arrange the length of the central fixed shaft 100 according to the river depth and other needs. Figure 4 As shown, the tightening direction of all the above pile segments is consistent, and they are connected through the M24 male and female threaded joints at the top and bottom of the pile segments. During actual construction, adjustments are made according to the river depth. Only multiple 0.5m long segments forming the UV-resistant main shaft 101 and multiple 0.5m long segments forming the flexible buffer pile 102 need to be carried. The number of segments forming the flexible buffer pile 102 is less than the number of segments forming the UV-resistant main shaft 101. These segments are then matched according to the river depth. Each 0.5m segment offers higher fitting precision and can adapt to more river channels, starting from a depth of 1m and gradually increasing in depth to accommodate riverbeds with 0.5m increments, allowing for a step-by-step deployment into deeper river channels.

[0054] The bottom of the riverbed fixing pile connecting spear 103 is also threadedly connected to the riverbed fixing spear 104, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the connection between the central fixed shaft 100 and the bottom riverbed fixing spear 104 is achieved by direct rotational insertion. After the pile connection, the threads and structure of the bottom riverbed fixing spear 103 allow for a stable coupling with the riverbed fixing spear 104. Specifically, the riverbed fixing spear 104 is made of biodegradable PHA resin with a certain material strength. The riverbed fixing spear 104 has an expansion tube structure similar to an expansion bolt. Figure 7As shown, the expansion tube structure can assist in the complete insertion or driving of the central fixing shaft 100 into the riverbed sediment in the early stages. After a suitable period of microbial degradation, the structure made of PHA material will naturally disintegrate. However, through the natural settlement of the riverbed silt and the threaded structure of the riverbed fixing pile connecting spear 103 at the bottom of the central fixing shaft 100, the overall structure can still maintain its stability, tensile strength, and pull-out resistance. The setting of the riverbed fixing spear 104 facilitates the initial driving of the central fixing shaft 100 and makes the structure easy to disassemble in the later stages, while also contributing to environmental protection. Experiments have shown that in soft silt riverbeds with shear force less than 10 kPa, the central fixing shaft 100 can be easily inserted by hand, which can be easily completed by workers on a work boat. However, for shear force greater than 10 kPa, workers need to use rubber hammers or hand-held impact hammers to drive it into the riverbed sediment.

[0055] like Figures 8-9 As shown, the top of the UV-resistant spindle 101 is also connected to a disassembly nut port 105, which is made of ductile iron. The top of the disassembly nut port 105 has a disassembly opening 107 that allows the disassembly pry bar 106 to pass through. The disassembly nut port 105 can be installed on the top of the central fixed shaft 100 that needs to be disassembled. The disassembly direction is consistent with the tightening direction of the other shaft sections. By rotating the disassembly pry bar 106 to release the force, workers can easily perform the removal operation on the operating boat. Other installation and disassembly structures that facilitate installation and disassembly operations can also be provided.

[0056] The connection structure includes a blade sleeve 208, such as Figure 10 As shown, the three floating bed blades 200 differ only in their external structure, particularly in the longitudinal position and shape of the blade sleeve 208, which is rotatably connected to the central fixed shaft 100, and the corresponding non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307. The remaining parts are identical. The three floating bed blades 200 are thus distinguished as the first floating bed blade a, the second floating bed blade b, and the third floating bed blade c. Figure 17As shown, at the connection between the floating bed blade 200 and the central fixed shaft 100, the central fixed shaft 100 is fitted with a long sleeve 1001, and the long sleeve 1001 is fitted with a blade sleeve 208. The blade sleeve 208 includes a first blade sleeve 2081, a second blade sleeve 2082, and a third blade sleeve 2083 with different longitudinal positions. The first blade sleeve 2081 and the third blade sleeve 2083 are respectively rotatably fitted onto the long sleeve 1001 around the long sleeve 1001. The lower and upper sections of the first floating bed blade 200 are connected by a second blade sleeve 2082 fixedly mounted on the middle section of the long sleeve 1001; that is, the third blade sleeve 2083 of the third floating bed blade c is located at the top and rotatably connected to the long sleeve 1001, the second blade sleeve 2082 of the second floating bed blade b is located in the middle and fixedly connected to the long sleeve 1001, and the first blade sleeve 2081 of the first floating bed blade a is located at the bottom and rotatably connected to the long sleeve 1001. Regarding the specific structure of the floating bed blade 200... Figures 10-15 The example used is the third floating bed blade c.

[0057] like Figures 10-15 As shown, the floating bed blade 200 also includes an ecological floating bed blade frame 201. The ecological floating bed blade frame 201 is made of HDPE high-density polyethylene injection molding, with a wall thickness of 5mm and built-in longitudinal and transverse reinforcing ribs. The shape of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 is "concave". The overall length-to-width ratio of the floating bed blade 200 is 2.5:1. Planting modules can be placed in the central "concave" area, and installation positions for water purification modules are reserved on both sides of the "concave" area. Blade sleeves 208 are located at one end of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 near the central fixed axis 100. The three blade sleeves 208 are in different longitudinal positions. Substrate detection ports 2011 are provided at both ends of the concave area of ​​the ecological floating bed blade frame 201. Substrate monitoring units 301 are located at the substrate detection ports 2011 for monitoring the plant growth substrate.

[0058] The buoyancy module 207 is located at the bottom of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 and provides the main buoyancy for the entire floating bed blade 200. The buoyancy module 207 includes an independent compartment and closed-cell EPS foam encapsulated in the independent compartment. The density of the closed-cell EPS foam is 18-20 kg / m³. The floating bed blades 200 are equipped with suspension devices on both sides, typically ropes. Below these devices are biodegradable slow-release probiotic modules, located below the water surface. These modules consist of a biodegradable net cage structure, multiple slow-release bacterial blocks inside the net cage structure, and biodegradable biological filler material on the outside of the net cage structure. The slow-release bacterial blocks can be replaced periodically. The mesh size of the net cage structure is smaller than the diameter of the slow-release bacterial blocks. The slow-release bacterial blocks are made from biodegradable materials such as corn starch-based and polylactic acid, and contain one or more of the following: nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and actinomycetes. The degradation period is 6-12 months. The materials used in the biodegradable net cage structure and biodegradable biological filler material have a degradation period of approximately 5 years. The free bacteria released from the microbial blocks and the beneficial bacteria already present in the water attach to the surface of the biological packing material and multiply rapidly, forming a highly effective biofilm. Nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and actinomycetes combine, with Bacillus subtilis and other bacteria decomposing organic pollutants, and nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria working together to convert ammonia nitrogen into harmless nitrogen gas, thus degrading various pollutants and constructing a stable and efficient microbial purification system. The cage structure is equipped with an openable and closable door, allowing for the convenient lifting of the biodegradable slow-release probiotic module by pulling the suspension device, and then opening the cage door to periodically replace ineffective slow-release microbial blocks. An additional oxygenation device can be added to provide oxygen underwater, further enhancing the purification efficiency of the biodegradable slow-release probiotic module.

[0059] Alternatively, a probiotic culture device can be installed on the ecological floating bed. The culture device is fixed on the floating bed blades and powered by the energy storage battery system 303. The activated, cultured, and diluted bacterial solution is periodically introduced into the water through the control system and pumping mechanism, and the oxygenation equipment is used to assist in the construction of a microbial purification system.

[0060] The energy system also includes a communication antenna 302. One end of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 away from the central fixed axis 100 is connected to one end of the communication antenna 302. The communication antenna 302 contains an antenna and a cable. The other end of the communication antenna 302 is equipped with a solar panel 306. The solar panel 306 provides energy for the entire ecological floating bed system for various functions such as power, communication, and detection. The communication antenna 302 is a hollow rigid structure and also serves as a mounting bracket for the solar panel 306.

[0061] like Figures 14-15As shown, the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 has a protective shell 2012 inside, and the protective shell 2012 has an IP68 protection level. The energy storage battery system 303 and the blade active power unit 304 are located at one end of the protective shell 2012 away from the central fixed axis 100. The energy storage battery system 303 is electrically connected to the solar panel 306. The energy storage battery system 303 is electrically connected to the matrix monitoring unit 301, the blade active power unit 304, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, and the position positioning and communication module 308 through cables 305. The blade active power unit 304 includes two motors. The position positioning and communication module 308 is located inside the protective housing 2012 near the central fixed shaft 100. The position positioning and communication module 308 is connected to the matrix monitoring unit 301, the blade active power unit 304, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, the energy storage battery system 303 and the remote control terminal. The ecological floating bed blade frame 201 has two power holes 2013 with filters on both sides below the end away from the central fixed axis 100, corresponding to the blade active power unit 304. The power holes 2013 are configured to provide power output outlets for the active movement of the floating bed blade 200. Each power hole 2013 is equipped with a motor, which is activated according to the rotation direction of the floating bed blade 200 to drive the floating bed blade 200 to rotate in a predetermined direction. Because the second floating bed blade b is fixed on the long sleeve 1001 and does not rotate around the long sleeve 1001, the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 of the second floating bed blade b does not need to be equipped with power holes 2013 and corresponding blade active power units 304. This achieves intelligent avoidance while saving a power system and reducing the total energy consumption of the entire system.

[0062] When the river is a calm water area, in rivers with high ship traffic and frequent navigation, i.e., rivers with high navigation clearance requirements, the first and third floating bed blades can, in some cases, drive all three floating bed blades to rotate slightly together during the retraction and deployment operations. In calm water areas with less navigation clearance requirements, the second floating bed blade needs to be equipped with a blade active power unit 304 and its activation needs to be controlled periodically to drive the three floating bed blades to rotate as a whole like a windmill, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the system to adapt to various river types.

[0063] like Figures 11-12As shown, the planting module 202, as a replaceable component, can be placed at the center of the ecological floating bed blade 200. The planting module 202 body is elongated and bowl-shaped, and is located in the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201. Structurally, the planting module 202 includes a planting module shell 2021, detachable side plates 2022, substrate detection holes 2023, and an installation / removal handle 2024. The planting module shell 2021 has a U-shaped structure, and a detachable side plate 2022 is installed on each side of the planting module shell 2021. The lower 1 / 3 area of ​​the detachable side plate 2022 is provided with multiple water-permeable holes. The substrate detection holes 2023 are located at the upper part of both ends of the planting module shell 2021, and the substrate detection holes 2023 correspond to the substrate detection ports 2011. The installation / removal handle 2024 is connected to the top of the planting module shell 2021. The planting module 202 also includes a lightweight, internally filled substrate for plant growth. The planting module 202 includes, from top to bottom, a plant layer 2025, a substrate layer 2026, a zeolite layer 2027, and a ceramsite layer 2028. The planting layer should include at least emergent plants such as canna lilies, cattails, water onions, and calamus. Canna lilies have well-developed root systems and a strong ability to absorb and degrade nitrogen and phosphorus. Cattails, water onions, and calamus have significant purification effects on pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. When setting up planting modules, a variety of emergent plants can be rationally combined to achieve better purification results. Generally, cattails and water onions, which have outstanding root purification capabilities, can be used as the main plants, supplemented by calamus, which is highly adaptable and has good landscape effects, and specific varieties of canna lilies. The specific combination of planting modules, combined with the specific setting of the enrichment device, can not only construct a stable and efficient water purification system, but also create a well-arranged and aesthetically pleasing ecological landscape. In addition, these emergent plants can transport oxygen produced by photosynthesis to the roots and release it into the surrounding planting substrate. This not only provides oxygen for root respiration, but also creates favorable living conditions for aerobic microorganisms in the root zone, thereby helping to enhance the decomposition of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter. When this system is deployed in rivers with heavy metal pollution, the planting layer includes a variety of highly resilient plants; when deployed in areas where saline seawater may flow back, it also includes a variety of salt-tolerant plants. In other words, the specific plants included in the planting layer are adapted to the actual environment in which the system is used.

[0064] The matrix layer 2026 includes packaging and the matrix placed inside the packaging. The matrix is ​​pre-formed granules with a diameter of 5-8 mm, and the packaging is a biodegradable non-woven bag. The matrix components, by weight, include: 30 parts bentonite, 25 parts zeolite powder, 20 parts biochar, 5 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 10 parts peat, 5 parts coconut coir, and 5 parts sodium alginate. These are granulated using a roller granulator to form granules with a diameter of 5-8 mm, and then filled into biodegradable non-woven bags. Experiments have shown that the organic matter content of this matrix formulation is 35-45%, its compressive strength is ≥0.6 MPa, its loss rate is ≤3%, and its service life is ≥12 months without collapsing. Compared with existing technologies of ordinary aquatic plant substrate or bulk matrix, it has significant advantages, with a longer service life and reduced nutrient diffusion in the water. Furthermore, the granular substrate design effectively allows for the initial root growth of newly planted plants. In a water-soaked environment, the presence of inorganic materials like cement prevents the substrate from easily disintegrating after the degradation and slow release of organic matter. It also absorbs organic matter and nutrients from the water, continuously providing nourishment for the plants. During use, workers simply insert the desired plants by making holes in the bagged substrate layer, making operation convenient. The bagged design offers several advantages: firstly, it facilitates control over the amount of substrate used in each floating bed; secondly, it prevents the substrate from easily spilling out during operation, unlike loose substrate; and thirdly, it provides a sufficient substrate layer for plant root growth. Compared to traditional floating beds with limited or no substrate support, this design provides plants with relatively ample nutrients and a stable environment from the initial stages. The zeolite layer 2027 has a lightweight, porous structure. Its weight will not place too much load on the ecological floating bed system. Furthermore, its porous structure can effectively adsorb nutrients from the water and cultivate new microbial communities, providing longer-lasting nutrients for the plants in the floating bed blades 200. The lightweight structure of the expanded clay layer 2028 also does not place a significant burden on the load. It serves a certain function of water storage and coarse filtration, preventing loose and disintegrating materials from clogging the permeable holes on the removable side plate 2022 and ensuring good water flow.

[0065] like Figure 11 As shown, the water purification module 203 is provided on each of the two sides of the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201. The water purification module 203 includes an enrichment device 206 and an installation and disassembly slot 205. The installation and disassembly slot 205 is detachably installed on the two sides of the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 by means of the inner mounting bolts 204. The enrichment device 206 is detachably installed on the installation and disassembly slot 205. like Figure 13As shown, the enrichment device 206 has a modular, layered drawer structure. The enrichment device 206 includes an outer primary filter drawer 2061, a middle adsorption drawer 2062 and an inner fine filter drawer 2063 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside along the water flow direction, or an outer primary filter drawer 2061 and a middle adsorption drawer 2062 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The outer primary filter drawer 2061 includes polyester fiber filter cotton and a coarse filter baffle wrapped around it. The structure of the outer primary filter drawer 2061 has the function of adsorbing turbid particles (SS) in the water. The design of wrapping the coarse filter baffle on the outside can block larger floating objects and also makes it convenient for workers to install or replace the entire outer primary filter drawer 2061. The polyester fiber filter cotton used inside is used to intercept suspended solids.

[0066] The middle-layer adsorption drawer 2062 comprises a honeycomb block and an outer waterproof rigid shell. In terms of material formulation, the honeycomb block is formed by pressing together 60 parts by weight of biochar, 30 parts by weight of zeolite powder, and 10 parts by weight of sodium alginate. The thickness of the middle-layer adsorption drawer 2062 is set at 120mm. The honeycomb block is prefabricated in the factory, and the outer shell is covered with a waterproof rigid shell to facilitate installation and disassembly, accessing the installation and disassembly slot 205. Experimental verification shows that when the porosity is 68% and the hydraulic retention time is 2-3 minutes, its theoretical relevant functional parameters are: ammonia nitrogen removal rate ≥60%, total phosphorus removal rate ≥55%. Under standard water quality conditions, the service life of the middle-layer adsorption drawer 2062 is 6 months, with a replacement cost of approximately 24 yuan per unit. Compared with commercially available coal-based activated carbon granules of the same volume, this invention uses a compound design of biochar, zeolite, and sodium alginate, reducing raw material costs by approximately 60%. Compared to single biochar or single zeolite materials, this composite formula is specifically designed for ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in eutrophic waters. Its adsorption capacity is more than 30% higher than that of traditional single adsorbents, and the drawer-type design makes it easy to replace.

[0067] The inner fine filter drawer 2063 comprises modified activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron (AC-nZVI) composite particles with a particle size of 3-5 mm and an outer waterproof rigid shell. The interior of this rigid shell is lined with a non-woven fabric to prevent nano-leakage. The composite particles utilize the strong reducing properties of zero-valent iron to reduce highly toxic hexavalent chromium to less toxic trivalent chromium, which then precipitates. Simultaneously, activated carbon adsorbs copper and zinc ions. Experiments show that its removal rate for free chromium ions is >90%, and its removal rate for free copper and zinc ions is >85%.

[0068] The inner fine filter drawer 2063 is an optional configuration for rivers contaminated with heavy metals. Its drawer-style design facilitates rapid addition or replacement in case of sudden heavy metal pollution. The expected replacement cycle is 6-12 months, depending on the heavy metal concentration, with a replacement cost of approximately 150-200 yuan per set.

[0069] The aforementioned outer primary filter drawer 2061, middle adsorption drawer 2062, and inner fine filter drawer 2063 work together to purify the water. As water flows sequentially through these three layers, gradient purification is achieved. The outer primary filter drawer 2061 intercepts suspended solids ≥50μm, achieving a SS removal rate ≥75%. The middle adsorption drawer 2062 adsorbs ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, achieving ammonia nitrogen removal rates ≥60% and total phosphorus removal rates ≥55%. When the inner fine filter drawer 2063 is included, it also filters heavy metals, achieving a removal rate of >90% for free chromium ions and >85% for free copper and zinc ions. Furthermore, the water containing pollutants that flows into the planting module after passing through the enrichment device further absorbs and purifies pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus through the emergent plants in the planting module, further enhancing the overall purification effect of the system. Furthermore, the stable and efficient microbial purification system constructed by combining the biodegradable slow-release probiotic modules set on both sides of the floating bed blades 200 enables the degradation of various pollutants, forming a multi-dimensional and efficient purification system with multiple modules.

[0070] The layered drawer-type enrichment device 206 has drawers connected to the ecological floating bed blade frame 201 via installation and removal slots 205. This allows workers to reset some modules of the water purification module without tools by simply pulling out the drawers and replacing them with new ones, thereby extending the purification efficiency of the entire system.

[0071] like Figure 15 As shown, the electrical system of this system includes a solar panel 306, a communication antenna 302, an energy storage battery system 303, a matrix monitoring unit 301, a blade active power unit 304, built-in cables 305, a non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, and a position positioning and communication module 308.

[0072] Among them, the solar panel 306 is a flexible monocrystalline silicon solar panel with a specification of 150W / ㎡. The installation size on a single floating bed blade 200 is 670mm×470mm×3mm. Based on this, the power generation is estimated to reach 900W×4h×0.8=2.88kWh, taking the average daily effective sunshine of 4 hours per year in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions as an example. The solar panel 306 is installed and fixed through the communication antenna 302. The communication antenna 302 is a hollow rigid structure with built-in antenna and cable.

[0073] The energy storage battery system 303 uses lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and is powered by solar panels 306, ensuring that the entire system can continue to operate even in low light conditions or at night. In this embodiment, the range is estimated. The system consumes an average of 180Wh per day, and 720Wh can support 4 days of operation without sunlight.

[0074] The blade active power unit 304 uses a DC brushless motor with a rated voltage of 12V and a rated power of 30W. A motor is installed in each power hole 2013 in the left and right directions of the floating bed blade 200 as a power device. After receiving the corresponding signal command, the system controls one of the motors to provide power to the floating bed blade 200 in the specified direction, thereby rotating it in the specified direction and changing its position. That is, according to the position detected by the Hall sensor and the magnetic nail, it moves away from the center of the river channel and closes it. The system will automatically select which motor to turn on to perform the closing in a specific direction.

[0075] The position detection device in the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 includes two Hall sensors 3071 and two magnetic nails 3072. It adopts a non-contact detection scheme using Hall sensors 3071 and magnetic nails 3072. The two magnetic nails 3072 are respectively embedded in the outer wall of the long sleeve 1001 at 120° and 240° positions. The magnetic nails 3072 are made of neodymium iron boron magnets with a size of φ5mm×3mm. The second blade sleeve 2082 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the long sleeve 1001 at the 0° position. The two Hall sensors 3071 are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the first blade sleeve 2081 and the third blade sleeve 2083. Their model is 3144A, the working voltage is 5V, and the output is a digital signal.

[0076] The locking device includes two electromagnets, two electromagnetic pins 3073, and four gear ring positioning holes 3074. The two electromagnets are respectively disposed inside the first blade sleeve 2081 and the third blade sleeve 2083. The two electromagnetic pins 3073 are respectively disposed on the inner walls of the first blade sleeve 2081 and the third blade sleeve 2083. The gear ring positioning holes 3074 are disposed on the side walls of the long sleeve 1001 at positions of 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300°.

[0077] Upon receiving a corresponding unfolding or retracting signal command, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 energizes the corresponding electromagnet to open or close the corresponding electromagnetic pin 3073. After the corresponding floating blade 200 is retracted or unfolded into its correct position, the electromagnetic pin 3073 inserts into the corresponding gear ring positioning hole 3074, thereby fixing the position of the floating blade 200. The non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 is arranged at the connection between the floating blade 200 and the central fixed shaft 100, integrating three major functions: non-contact position detection, electromagnetic unlocking and locking, and mechanical holding, to achieve accurate detection and reliable locking of the floating blade 200's position. Depending on the actual situation, one or two floating bed blades 200 can be selected and controlled to rotate for retraction. In most cases, two floating bed blades 200 are controlled to rotate for retraction. The rotation angle of each floating bed blade may be the same or different, and the rotation direction may be different or the same. During specific operation, the position positioning and communication module 308 comprehensively analyzes various factors such as the specific position of the system when avoiding waterways and the specific angle of the three floating bed blades 200, and then issues specific retraction or deployment commands.

[0078] During the positioning detection, when the floating bed blade 200 rotates to the position corresponding to the magnetic nail 3072, the Hall sensor 3071 outputs a flip-level signal, generating a positioning signal.

[0079] When performing absolute position determination, such as Figure 17 As shown, the second floating bed blade b remains stationary, while the first floating bed blade a and the third floating bed blade c retract towards the center. During retraction, the first floating bed blade a rotates 60° counterclockwise, and the third floating bed blade c rotates 60° clockwise. The second floating bed blade b is at the 0° position on the outer wall of the long sleeve 1001, with both its deployed and retracted positions at 0°. At this time, the first floating bed blade a is deployed at 120° and retracted at 60°; the third floating bed blade c is deployed at 240° and retracted at 300°. The deployment or retraction position of each floating bed blade 200 is determined by detecting Hall signals. For example... Figures 18-19 As shown, this is another case: when the floats are retracted, the second float blade b remains stationary, the third float blade c rotates 60° clockwise, and the first float blade a rotates 120° clockwise.

[0080] When determining the relative position, the Hall signals from the three floating bed blades 200 are combined, and the position positioning and communication module 308 is used to determine whether the three floating bed blades are in a 120° clover-shaped evenly distributed unfolded state or a retracted state. This non-contact position detection method has no mechanical contact with the detection scheme of the electromagnetic locking unit 307, has a waterproof rating of IP68, and is expected to have a lifespan of 10 years under this design, during which it requires no maintenance.

[0081] The matrix monitoring unit 301 includes a water quality monitoring sensor, which calculates the replacement index RI using the relative value monitoring principle and periodically transmits the data to the location and communication module 308. When the location and communication module 308 detects that the replacement index RI ≥ 0.75, it triggers a replacement warning. The formula for calculating the replacement index RI is as follows: ; ΔpH is the change in pH value calculated based on the pH value of the 7th day of system operation; ΔDO is the change in dissolved oxygen content calculated based on the dissolved oxygen content of the 7th day of system operation. t represents the operating time, and Tdesign represents the maximum saturation cycle time of each drawer in the enrichment device. The replacement index RI is calculated by comprehensively considering the substrate microenvironment monitoring values ​​and the time decay factor. Because the outer pre-filter drawer adsorbs more and more diverse substances, and is cheaper, it is also more prone to clogging. Clogging will lead to a deterioration in water quality. Therefore, 0.6×(ΔpH / 0.5)+0.4×(ΔDO / 2.0) generally indicates that the outer pre-filter drawer needs to be replaced. The middle adsorption drawer and the inner fine filter drawer are calculated based on time, i.e., t / Tdesign. During system operation, the replacement time must be recorded each time the outer pre-filter drawer, middle adsorption drawer, and inner fine filter drawer are replaced. After replacement, t refers to the recalculated operating time after each drawer replacement.

[0082] The RI threshold of 0.75 was determined through laboratory tests. When RI ≥ 0.75, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the enrichment device drops to < 30%, while the original ammonia nitrogen removal rate is ≥ 60%. That is, the purification efficiency at RI = 0.75 drops to about 50% of the initial efficiency. Moreover, the changes in pH and DO data monitored by sensors usually lag behind the actual saturation process of the adsorption material. Therefore, setting the RI threshold of 0.75 achieves a balance between false alarms and false alarms. It is neither too sensitive, leading to frequent maintenance and wasted funds, nor too late in replacement, causing water quality deterioration, and allows maintenance personnel sufficient replacement time.

[0083] The substrate monitoring unit 301 is primarily configured to monitor dissolved oxygen content and pH value. It employs a relative value monitoring principle, using data from the 7th day after the system has stabilized as a baseline, thus eliminating interference from different river background water qualities and seasonal variations. For pH monitoring, a pH probe is used to monitor changes in the acidity and alkalinity of the planting substrate, reflecting the intensity of microbial activity and pollutant load. For dissolved oxygen monitoring, a dissolved oxygen probe is used to monitor the oxygen content in the root zone of the plants, reflecting the degree of clogging in the enrichment device. Through a dual-parameter fusion algorithm of dissolved oxygen content and pH value, the saturation of the enrichment device in the water purification module is indirectly assessed, with an accuracy rate of ≥85% for this early warning theory.

[0084] The above two parameters are selected for monitoring for specific purposes. Dissolved oxygen content monitoring is mainly used to monitor the reoxygenation effect in the matrix, while pH value monitoring is mainly used to monitor the denitrification effect in the matrix. When the dissolved oxygen content decreases to a certain level or the pH value reaches a predetermined threshold, a corresponding warning signal will be triggered.

[0085] Because plant roots consume oxygen for respiration, under normal conditions, dissolved oxygen levels are maintained within a relatively stable dynamic equilibrium range, such as 2-5 mg / L, depending on water temperature and plant species. At this point, plant roots can respire normally. When the substrate layer or enrichment device becomes clogged, the porosity decreases, leading to increased water flow resistance and impaired flow. This reduces water exchange within the substrate layer, resulting in oxygen deficiency in the plant root zone and a subsequent decrease in dissolved oxygen levels. Therefore, the decrease in dissolved oxygen levels is directly proportional to the degree of clogging. Furthermore, when the internal substrate of the planting module 202 is used for an extended period, excessive microbial growth increases oxygen consumption, further contributing to a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels. Therefore, monitoring of dissolved oxygen levels is necessary.

[0086] Under normal circumstances, the pH value of the substrate layer ranges from 6.5 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic. When the enrichment device of the water purification module becomes saturated and the outer primary filter drawer becomes clogged, the water flow within the substrate layer deteriorates, making it difficult for oxygen to enter and creating an anoxic or anaerobic environment. This leads to the accumulation of organic matter and anaerobic fermentation, producing a large amount of organic acids, which causes the pH value to drop. Moreover, the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbed by the enrichment device will seep into the internal substrate of the planting module 202, where they will be decomposed by microorganisms to produce CO2 and organic acids, further causing the pH value to drop. Therefore, the decrease in pH value is positively correlated with the pollutant load, hence the choice to monitor the pH value.

[0087] Furthermore, the data monitoring for dissolved oxygen content and pH value uses relative rather than absolute values. This is because the background pH value varies in different river channels, ranging from 6.0 to 8.5, and consequently, the pH value of the substrate layer in the planting module 202 also varies. Dissolved oxygen content also varies with the seasons; for example, dissolved oxygen content is low in summer and high in winter. Different plants also have different oxygen consumption rates; for instance, reeds consume more oxygen than cattails. Using absolute values ​​would require frequent calibration, making maintenance difficult. Therefore, the advantage of using relative value monitoring in this system is that by using the 7th day after system installation as a baseline and monitoring changes in ΔpH and ΔDO, calibration is unnecessary, the system is environmentally adaptive, and the measurement accuracy is avoided when the substrate monitoring unit 301 is immersed in the aquatic environment.

[0088] The positioning and communication module 308 is housed within an IP68 protective shell inside the floating bed blade 200 for protection. This module serves as the intelligent communication hub connecting the remote control terminal with multiple execution units, including the matrix monitoring unit 301, the blade active power unit 304, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, and the energy storage battery system 303. The positioning and communication module 308 integrates three main functions: wireless communication, status monitoring data aggregation, and command parsing and distribution. This enables remote and controllable retraction or deployment of the floating bed blades, real-time status reporting, and intelligent linkage control. Upon receiving a retraction or deployment command, the positioning and communication module 308 sequentially controls the two floating bed blades 200 to move in sequence, with a 2-second interval between the actions of each blade. It also records the position information of the ecological floating bed system and transmits it to the remote control terminal.

[0089] In this embodiment, the wireless communication part of the location and communication module 308 adopts LoRa wireless communication technology. Structurally, it includes a LoRa radio frequency module with an operating frequency band of 470-510MHz, a transmit power of 17dBm, and a communication distance of 2-5km. Its data protocol adopts a custom lightweight frame structure, which includes device ID, command type, location status, monitoring data, and CRC check fields. The operating modes of the location and communication module 308 include passive reporting mode and active response mode. In passive reporting mode, it can be set to automatically summarize the location status, matrix monitoring data including pH value and dissolved oxygen content, and battery voltage data every 4 hours, and report them to the remote control terminal via the LoRa radio frequency module. In active response mode, the location and communication module 308 receives the retraction or expansion command issued by the remote control terminal, parses the command, distributes it to each execution unit, and returns the execution result.

[0090] The positioning and communication module 308 can receive status signals from various modules or units in real time: including pH value and dissolved oxygen content monitored by the matrix monitoring unit 301, and the replacement index RI calculated accordingly; the positioning status signals of the floating bed blades 200 from the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, including signals indicating that they are in position when retracted and when deployed; and information such as voltage, current, and remaining capacity from the energy storage battery system 303. The positioning and communication module 308 integrates and processes the above data. When an abnormal state is detected, such as RI≥0.75, low voltage of the energy storage battery system 303, or failure to reach the desired position within timeout period, the module automatically reports the abnormal state to the remote control terminal via wireless communication technology to facilitate effective response to various abnormal states.

[0091] The location and communication module 308 and the matrix monitoring unit 301 work together to control each other. When the replacement index RI calculated by the matrix monitoring unit 301 is ≥0.75 and uploaded to the location and communication module 308, the location and communication module 308 will automatically report the early warning information to the remote control terminal and can trigger the retraction action to facilitate the replacement and maintenance of the planting module and enrichment device.

[0092] In situations requiring emergency avoidance of other vessels, appropriate retraction commands can be issued via a remote control terminal operated manually, thereby controlling the positioning and communication module 308. Alternatively, a sensing unit connected to the positioning and communication module 308 can be added to this ecological floating bed system to automatically sense whether a vessel is approaching within a specified distance and its size. This information is then wirelessly transmitted and reported to the positioning and communication module 308, and subsequently to the remote control terminal. The terminal performs intelligent automatic analysis to determine whether avoidance is necessary, in which direction to avoid, and which floating bed blades 200 to retract during avoidance, achieving intelligent retraction and avoidance.

[0093] After receiving remote control commands or timed trigger signals, the positioning and communication module 308 automatically parses the command type and distributes it to the corresponding execution unit. Specifically, when distributing the folding command, it first sends an unlock signal to the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307; then it sends a start signal and direction command to the blade active power unit 304; it receives the position feedback signal from the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307, and after confirming the position, it sends a locking command to the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307; it controls the two floating bed blades to move sequentially, with a 2-second interval between each floating bed blade's movement to avoid collisions; after both floating bed blades are in position, it reports the folding completion status. When issuing deployment instructions, an unlocking signal is first sent to the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307; then a start signal and a reverse instruction are sent to the blade active power unit 304; the positioning feedback signal from the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 is received, and after confirming positioning, a locking instruction is sent to the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307; the two floating bed blades are controlled to perform sequential actions, with a 2-second interval between each blade's actions; after both floating bed blades are in position, the deployment completion status is reported.

[0094] Laboratory tests revealed that in a test tank measuring 2m×1m×0.5m, with a simulated flow rate of 0.3m / s, and water containing 10mg / L ammonia nitrogen, 2mg / L total phosphorus, and 50mg / L suspended solids (SS), the system achieved the following results after 30 days of continuous operation: an average ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 68.3%±5.2%, an average total phosphorus removal rate of 62.1%±4.8%, and an average SS removal rate of 78.5%±6.1%.

[0095] Example 2: This example describes an intelligent operation and maintenance method for a clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system. This example utilizes the clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system from Example 1 to achieve intelligent operation and maintenance of the system, including the following steps: Step 1: Baseline data collection. After deploying multiple ecological floating bed systems at appropriate intervals, the monitoring data collected and recorded by the matrix monitoring unit 301 on the 7th day of each ecological floating bed system is used as the baseline value. Step 2: Daily operation and continuous monitoring. The matrix monitoring unit 301 monitors changes in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in real time and calculates the replacement index (RI). Step 3: Control of the floating bed blades 200. When it is necessary to retract or deploy the floating bed blades 200, the remote control terminal sends a retraction or deployment command through the position positioning and communication module 308. After receiving the retraction or deployment command, the blade active power unit 304 and the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 control the floating bed blades 200 to unlock. Then, the blade active power unit 304 controls the floating bed blades 200 to rotate in the specified direction. After rotating to the designated position, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit 307 controls the floating bed blades 200 to lock. The unlocking, rotation and locking operations of two floating bed blades 200 are controlled individually and sequentially. After one floating bed blade 200 is operated, the next floating bed blade 200 is operated after a 2-second interval. Step 4: Modular replacement. When the location and communication module 308 detects that the RI of a certain ecological floating bed system is ≥0.75, it reports the replacement warning and its location to the remote control terminal via LoRa. The maintenance personnel then replace the saturated enrichment device 206 or planting module 202 at the corresponding location.

[0096] Example 3 involves deploying the clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system from Example 1 in a farmland drainage canal in Zhejiang Province with a width of 8m, a water depth of 1.5m, and a flow velocity of 0.3m / s. The system undergoes initial setup, daily operation and monitoring, and replacement and maintenance. This example utilizes the intelligent operation and maintenance method for the clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system from Example 2, including the following specific steps: Step 1: System deployment and initialization.

[0097] Step S101: On-site survey and pile foundation construction. Using real-time dynamic differential positioning technology, a measuring instrument is used to locate the center point. The positioning accuracy is controlled within ±2cm. The center point is 3m away from the left bank to ensure that ships can pass after the pile is closed. A diesel pile driver is used to vertically drive the central fixed shaft 100 into the riverbed to a depth of 2.2m. The top of the central fixed shaft 100 is 0.5m above the riverbed. The verticality deviation of the pile foundation of the central fixed shaft 100 is ≤1%.

[0098] In engineering demonstrations, nodes can be deployed every 100 meters to form a tiered purification model combining node purification with river transport. If the river pollution load is high or the flow velocity is fast, the deployment spacing can be appropriately increased, such as 30-50 meters. If it is mainly used for landscape water body maintenance, the spacing can be appropriately increased, such as 150-200 meters. Moreover, in actual operation, in principle, since each system is constantly rotating, the monitoring results of the three floating bed blades of the same ecological floating bed system should be similar. Consequently, the monitoring results of adjacent systems of the same type in the same river are likely to be not significantly different. If multiple systems are deployed along the river from beginning to end, a water environment monitoring system can be formed by including a complete matrix monitoring unit 301 in every few systems, based on actual conditions such as water flow velocity and pollution levels. Other systems may not have a matrix monitoring unit 301. Systems without a matrix monitoring unit 301 can replace the corresponding enrichment device and planting module based on the monitoring results of the nearest system with a matrix monitoring unit 301. This ensures that costs can be further reduced while achieving the desired water environment treatment effect, thus achieving economic benefits.

[0099] Step S102: Install the floating bed blades 200. Hoist the three floating bed blades 200 in sequence, and connect them to the central fixed shaft 100 through the blade sleeve 208 and the long sleeve 1001. Adjust the floating bed blades 200 to ensure that the three floating bed blades 200 are on the same horizontal plane with a height difference of ≤5mm. Install the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing ribs between the floating bed blades 200 to enhance the overall rigidity.

[0100] Step S103: Filling the enrichment device. The drawer-type enrichment device is transported from the prefabrication plant. Each middle adsorption drawer 2062 is wrapped in a water-permeable rigid plate shell and filled with 20 kg of honeycomb blocks made of biochar, zeolite, and sodium alginate. The outer primary filter drawer 2061 is filled with polyester fiber cotton. Since there is no heavy metal pollution in the drainage ditch of this farmland, the inner layer is empty.

[0101] Step S104: Plant transplanting and placement of mycelium blocks. On each floating bed leaf 200, select 9 aquatic canna lilies, 9 cattails, 6 water onions, and 6 sweet flag seedlings with a height of 30cm for transplanting. In the planting space enclosed by the outer shell 2021 and the detachable side panel 2022 of the planting module, lay the expanded clay granule layer 2028, the zeolite layer 2027, and the substrate layer 2026 in sequence. After removing the plants from their pots, plant them in the substrate layer 2026 and water them thoroughly. Place suitable slow-release mycelium blocks in the net cage structure of the biodegradable slow-release probiotic module and submerge them below the water surface.

[0102] Step S105: Perform electrical debugging, lay out solar panels 306, connect them in series to the MPPT controller, then connect each sensor, configure the parameters of the communication module, then power on the system, observe whether the sampling data is normal, register the ID of each ecological floating bed system on the remote control terminal, and bind the GIS location of each ecological floating bed system accordingly.

[0103] Step 2: Conduct daily operations and monitoring.

[0104] Step S201: Perform baseline data acquisition and system adaptive calibration. Considering that in the initial stage of operation of the ecological floating bed, which usually refers to the first 3-7 days, the plant roots are in a seedling establishment period and the microbial community on the substrate surface is in the biofilm adaptation period, the water quality indicators fluctuate greatly and are not suitable as a judgment benchmark directly. Therefore, this system sets the 7th day of operation as the benchmark time point. At this time, the system has entered a stable operating state. Real-time water quality data, namely pH value and DO, are collected at this time, and the relative change value at this time is defined as 0, that is: ΔpH=0; ΔDO=0. The replacement index RI calculated at this time is 0. All data collected thereafter are compared with this benchmark data, and the degree of deviation, namely ΔpH and ΔDO, is calculated to eliminate the risk of false alarm caused by the difference in background water quality in different river channels.

[0105] Step S202: Perform daily monitoring and record the following data:

[0106] ...The data recorded after 30 days is as follows:

[0107] ...The data recorded after 80 days is as follows:

[0108] The RI threshold of 0.75 was determined through laboratory tests. When RI ≥ 0.75, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the enrichment device decreased to < 30%, which was consistent with the actual test results during replacement, with an error of ± 5%.

[0109] Step 3: Replacement and maintenance operation. The system displays RI=0.79, which exceeds the threshold, triggering a warning for the outer primary filter drawer. As can be seen from the RI calculation method mentioned in Example 1, since the inner two layers are mainly calculated based on time, the warning at this time is for replacing the outer primary filter drawer.

[0110] Step S301: Task dispatch. The remote control terminal automatically pushes the warning information to the maintenance personnel's mobile APP, generates a work order, and locates the system that issued the warning.

[0111] Step S302: Conduct navigation coordination. After coordination with relevant local departments, a maintenance window period of 8:00-10:00 the following day was set, during which no vessels will pass through.

[0112] Step S303: Remote retraction. The maintenance vessel arrives at the site, the platform operator clicks the retraction button, the motor starts, the floating bed blades 200 rotate, and after 120 seconds, they are electromagnetically locked. The retraction is completed by operating different floating bed blades 200 in sequence. After retraction, the width of the waterway is occupied by 2.0m, which meets the requirements for ship passage.

[0113] Practical verification has shown that, compared with existing technologies, this system and its intelligent operation and maintenance method have significant technical advantages. Regarding purification efficiency, the clover-shaped and rotatable design of the floating bed blades enhances mixing. The shear force generated by rotation disrupts the root boundary layer, significantly improving mass transfer efficiency. Experiments show that, under the same hydraulic retention time, the purification efficiency or pollutant reduction of this system is 30%-50% higher than that of traditional fixed floating beds. The overall effluent quality compliance rate or absolute removal rate can reach 65%-75%, while simultaneously achieving intermittent rotating illumination, reducing light shading of submerged plants, minimizing ecological impact, and maintaining ecological balance. Regarding navigation impact, compared to traditional fixed floating beds that completely affect or block navigation, or existing floating beds that are partially rotatable but unable to intelligently avoid obstacles, this invention, through its intelligent system design, allows for simple remote control of retraction via a manual button, or fully intelligent identification and control to automatically retract the floating bed blades when navigation needs are met. The footprint can be reduced to 60% of the unfolded state, satisfying navigation requirements. Regarding subsequent maintenance, traditional floating beds require complete hoisting for replacement and maintenance. In contrast, the drawer-type enrichment device and various modular designs of this invention enable modular replacement, resulting in convenient, low-cost, and highly efficient maintenance. Furthermore, compared to traditional designs lacking or with insufficient intelligence, this invention's system features multi-faceted monitoring, intelligent early warning, and intelligent control, significantly enhancing its intelligence. In terms of service life, traditional floating bed systems typically last only 3-5 years, while this invention's system can last 5-8 years. Furthermore, vulnerable modules and components can be easily replaced, resulting in a long service life, convenient maintenance, and low maintenance costs. Additionally, the materials used in this system are all biodegradable or recyclable, achieving environmental protection throughout its entire lifecycle. After system decommissioning, some materials can be converted into riparian wetlands in situ, without secondary pollution.

[0114] Market analysis reveals that my country currently has over 20,000 kilometers of black and odorous water bodies requiring treatment. Assuming 10 systems are deployed per kilometer, the market capacity is 200,000 systems. With a unit price of 15,000 yuan, the potential market size is 3 billion yuan. The market for farmland drainage ditches is even larger, with 50,000 kilometers in the Yangtze River Delta region alone, representing a market capacity of 500,000 systems. Therefore, the system of this invention has promising industrial application prospects, enormous market potential, and significant economic benefits.

[0115] Based on theoretical experiments, a single unit of this system is expected to purify approximately 5,000 m³ of water annually, removing about 250 kg of COD, 40 kg of ammonia nitrogen, and 8 kg of total phosphorus. If 100,000 units are deployed, the annual COD reduction will reach approximately 25,000 tons, equivalent to a medium-sized wastewater treatment plant, demonstrating significant environmental benefits.

[0116] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system, characterized in that, It includes a central fixed shaft (100), three floating bed blades (200) and an electrical system (300); The central fixed shaft (100) is vertically fixed to the bottom of the river channel; The three floating bed blades (200) are symmetrically distributed at 120° in a clover configuration. The three floating bed blades (200) are rotatably connected around the central fixed shaft (100) through their respective independent connection structures. The floating bed blades (200) include a planting module (202), a water purification module (203), and a buoyancy module (207). The electrical system (300) includes a non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307), a blade active power unit (304), a matrix monitoring unit (301), a position positioning and communication module (308), and an energy system; The non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307) is configured to detect the position of the floating bed blade (200) and control the unlocking and locking of the position of the floating bed blade (200); At least two of the floating bed blades (200) are provided with blade active power units (304), which are configured to drive the floating bed blades (200) to rotate actively between the deployed position and the retracted position; The substrate monitoring unit (301) is configured to monitor the pH value and dissolved oxygen content in the planting module (202); The location and communication module (308) is configured to collect monitoring data, receive remote commands, and control the operation and shutdown of the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307), the blade active power unit (304), and the matrix monitoring unit (301). The energy system is configured to provide power, detection, and communication for the entire ecological floating bed system.

2. The clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central fixed shaft (100) comprises multiple segments, with adjacent segments connected by threads; the central fixed shaft (100) comprises, from top to bottom, an anti-ultraviolet main shaft (101), a flexible buffer pile (102), and a riverbed fixed pile connecting spear (103). The UV-resistant spindle (101) is made of modified PP material and its surface is polished. A long sleeve (1001) is rotatably fitted on the outside of the UV-resistant spindle (101). The UV-resistant spindle (101) is composed of multiple segments. The flexible buffer pile (102) is configured to allow it to swing in the horizontal direction by ±15°; the flexible buffer pile (102) is composed of multiple segments; The riverbed fixing pile connecting spear (103) is made of ductile iron; The bottom of the riverbed fixing pile connecting spear (103) is also threaded with a riverbed fixing spear (104), which is made of PHA resin material and has an expansion tube structure of an expansion bolt. The top of the UV-resistant spindle (101) is also connected to a disassembly nut port (105), which is made of ductile iron. The top of the disassembly nut port (105) is provided with a disassembly round opening (107) that allows a disassembly pry bar (106) to pass through.

3. The clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The floating bed blade (200) also includes an ecological floating bed blade frame (201), which has built-in longitudinal and transverse reinforcing ribs; the ecological floating bed blade frame (201) has a concave shape. The connection structure includes a blade sleeve (208), which is located at one end of the ecological floating bed blade frame (201) near the central fixed shaft (100). The blade sleeve (208) includes a first blade sleeve (2081), a second blade sleeve (2082), and a third blade sleeve (2083) with different longitudinal positions depending on the floating bed blade (200) to which it belongs. The first blade sleeve (2081) and the third blade sleeve (2083) can be independently rotated around the long sleeve (1001) and sleeved on the lower and upper sections of the long sleeve (1001), respectively. The second blade sleeve (2082) is fixedly sleeved on the middle section of the long sleeve (1001). The buoyancy module (207) is located at the bottom of the ecological floating bed blade frame (201); the buoyancy module (207) includes an independent compartment and closed-cell EPS foam encapsulated in the independent compartment; The floating bed blades (200) are equipped with suspension devices on both sides. A biodegradable slow-release probiotic module is connected below the suspension devices. The biodegradable slow-release probiotic module is located below the water surface. The biodegradable slow-release probiotic module includes a biodegradable net cage structure, multiple slow-release bacterial blocks inside the net cage structure, and biodegradable biological filler outside the net cage structure. The slow-release bacterial blocks contain one or more of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and actinomycetes. The slow-release bacterial blocks can be replaced periodically.

4. The clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ecological floating bed blade frame (201) has a matrix detection port (2011) at both ends of the recess, and the matrix monitoring unit (301) is located at the matrix detection port (2011). The energy system includes a solar panel (306), an energy storage battery system (303), built-in cables (305), and a communication antenna (302). One end of the ecological floating bed blade frame (201) away from the central fixed axis (100) is connected to one end of the communication antenna (302). The communication antenna (302) contains an antenna and a cable. The other end of the communication antenna (302) is equipped with a solar panel (306). The solar panel (306) is configured to store energy in the energy storage battery system (303) and provide energy for the entire ecological floating bed system. The ecological floating bed blade frame (201) is equipped with a protective shell (2012) with an IP68 protection rating. The energy storage battery system (303) and the blade active power unit (304) are located at one end of the protective shell (2012) away from the central fixed axis (100). The energy storage battery system (303) is electrically connected to the solar panel (306). The energy storage battery system (303) is electrically connected to the matrix monitoring unit (301), the blade active power unit (304), the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307), and the position positioning and communication module (308) via cables (305). The blade active power unit (304) includes two motors. The position positioning and communication module (308) is located inside the protective housing (2012) at one end near the central fixed shaft (100). The position positioning and communication module (308) is connected to the matrix monitoring unit (301), the blade active power unit (304), the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307), the energy storage battery system (303), and the remote control terminal. The ecological floating bed blade frame (201) has two power holes (2013) with filters on both sides below the end away from the central fixed axis (100) and corresponding to the blade active power unit (304). The power holes (2013) are configured to provide an outlet for the power output of the active movement power of the floating bed blade (200).

5. The clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The planting module (202) can be replaced as a whole. The planting module (202) is long and bowl-shaped and is located in the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame (201). The planting module (202) includes a planting module shell (2021), a detachable side plate (2022), a substrate detection hole (2023), and an installation and removal handle (2024). The outer shell (2021) of the planting module has a U-shaped structure. A detachable side plate (2022) is installed on each side of the outer shell (2021). Multiple water-permeable holes are provided in the lower 1 / 3 area of ​​the detachable side plate (2022). The substrate detection hole (2023) is located at the upper part of both ends of the outer shell (2021). The substrate detection hole (2023) corresponds to the substrate detection port (2011). An installation and removal handle (2024) is connected to the top of the outer shell (2021). The planting module (202) also includes a lightweight internal filling substrate for plant growth. The planting module (202) includes, from top to bottom, a plant layer (2025), a substrate layer (2026), a zeolite layer (2027), and a ceramsite layer (2028). The plant layer includes at least aquatic canna lilies, cattails, water onions, and sweet flag; when planted in rivers with heavy metal pollution, it also includes a variety of highly resilient plants; when planted in areas where saline seawater may intrude, it also includes a variety of salt-tolerant plants. The matrix layer (2026) includes packaging and a matrix disposed inside the packaging. The matrix components, by weight, include: 30 parts bentonite, 25 parts zeolite powder, 20 parts biochar, 5 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 10 parts peat, 5 parts coconut coir, and 5 parts sodium alginate. The matrix is ​​a pre-formed granular material with a diameter of 5-8 mm. The packaging is a biodegradable non-woven bag. The zeolite layer (2027) has a lightweight porous structure.

6. The clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water purification module (203) is provided on each side edge of the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame (201). The water purification module (203) includes an enrichment device (206) and an installation and disassembly slot (205). The installation and disassembly slot (205) is detachably installed on the two sides edge of the recess of the ecological floating bed blade frame (201) by means of installation bolts (204). The enrichment device (206) is installed on the installation and disassembly slot (205). The enrichment device (206) is a layered drawer type, which includes an outer primary filter drawer (2061), a middle adsorption drawer (2062) and an inner fine filter drawer (2063) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside along the water flow direction, or an outer primary filter drawer (2061) and a middle adsorption drawer (2062) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The outer primary filter drawer (2061) includes polyester fiber filter cotton and a coarse filter baffle wrapped around it; The middle layer adsorption drawer (2062) includes a honeycomb block and a water-permeable hard shell wrapped around it. The honeycomb block is made by pressing 60 parts of biochar, 30 parts of zeolite powder and 10 parts of sodium alginate by weight. The inner fine filter drawer (2063) includes modified activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron composite particles with a particle size of 3-5 mm and a water-permeable rigid plate shell wrapped around them; the rigid plate shell is lined with a non-woven fabric to prevent nano-leakage; the modified activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron composite particles are configured to use the strong reducing property of zero-valent iron to reduce highly toxic hexavalent chromium to low-toxic trivalent chromium and precipitate it, while using activated carbon to adsorb copper and zinc ions.

7. A clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307) is located at the connection between the floating bed blade (200) and the central fixed shaft (100), and includes a position detection device and a locking device. The position detection device includes two Hall sensors (3071) and two magnetic nails (3072). The two magnetic nails (3072) are respectively embedded at 120° and 240° positions on the outer wall of the long sleeve (1001), and the two Hall sensors (3071) are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the first blade sleeve (2081) and the third blade sleeve (2083). The locking device includes two electromagnets, two electromagnetic pins (3073), and four gear ring positioning holes (3074). The two electromagnets are respectively disposed inside the first blade sleeve (2081) and the third blade sleeve (2083). The two electromagnetic pins (3073) are respectively disposed on the inner walls of the first blade sleeve (2081) and the third blade sleeve (2083). The four gear ring positioning holes (3074) are respectively disposed on the side walls at positions of 60°, 120°, 240° and 300° of the long sleeve (1001).

8. A clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The matrix monitoring unit (301) includes a water quality monitoring sensor, which calculates the replacement index RI using the relative value monitoring principle and periodically transmits the data to the location and communication module (308). When the location and communication module (308) detects that the replacement index RI ≥ 0.75, a replacement warning is triggered. The formula for calculating the replacement index RI is as follows: ； Wherein, ΔpH is the change in pH value calculated based on the pH value of the 7th day of system operation; ΔDO is the change in dissolved oxygen content calculated based on the dissolved oxygen content of the 7th day of system operation; t is the operating time; and Tdesign is the maximum saturation cycle time of each drawer of the enrichment device.

9. A clover-shaped rotatable ecological floating bed system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The location positioning and communication module (308) includes a LoRa radio frequency module. The location positioning and communication module (308) is configured to control the two floating bed blades (200) to move sequentially after receiving a retraction or expansion command, with a 2-second interval between the movements of the two floating bed blades (200), and to record the location information of the ecological floating bed system and transmit it to a remote control terminal.

10. An intelligent operation and maintenance method for a clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system, wherein the method uses the clover-type rotatable ecological floating bed system as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that... The method includes the following implementation steps: Step 1: Collection of baseline data. After the multiple ecological floating bed systems are deployed at appropriate intervals, the monitoring data collected and recorded by the matrix monitoring unit (301) of each ecological floating bed system on the 7th day is used as the baseline. Step 2: Daily operation and continuous monitoring. The matrix monitoring unit (301) monitors the changes in pH value and dissolved oxygen content (DO) in real time and calculates the replacement index (RI). Step 3: Control of the floating bed blades (200). When it is necessary to retract or deploy the floating bed blades (200), the remote control terminal sends a retraction or deployment command through the position positioning and communication module (308). After the blade active power unit (304) and the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307) receive the retraction or deployment command, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307) controls the floating bed blades (200) to unlock. Then, the blade active power unit (304) controls the floating bed blades (200) to rotate in the specified direction. After the rotation is in place, the non-contact position detection and electromagnetic locking unit (307) controls the floating bed blades (200) to lock. The unlocking, rotation and locking operations of two floating bed blades (200) are controlled individually and sequentially. After one floating bed blade (200) is operated, the next floating bed blade (200) is operated after a 2-second interval. Step 4: Modular replacement. When the location and communication module (308) detects that the RI of a certain ecological floating bed system is ≥0.75, it reports the replacement warning and its location to the remote control terminal via LoRa. The maintenance personnel replace the saturated enrichment device (206) or planting module (202) at the corresponding location.

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