An underground waterproof structure and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an underground waterproof structure and a construction method thereof, and the waterproof structure is constructed on one side of a natural soil body after excavation, and a shotcrete leveling layer and a geotextile are sequentially arranged outside the natural soil body after excavation; a novel waterproof plate for waterproofing is arranged outside the geotextile, the novel waterproof plate is fixed with the geotextile through a novel gasket, and the novel gasket performs double-stage hot melting connection on the novel waterproof plate; the construction method comprises the following steps: constructing the shotcrete leveling layer; fixing the geotextile on the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer through the novel gasket; constructing the novel waterproof plate and adopting double-stage hot melting for fixation; and constructing a concrete protective layer outside the novel waterproof plate. The application not only improves the installation quality of the waterproof plate, ensures construction safety, and improves construction progress, and is a safe and efficient waterproof structure and construction method which can be applied to the waterproof plate as a main waterproof material and has wide application and popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of waterproof structure design for underground engineering such as tunnels and basements, and specifically relates to an underground waterproof structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of national infrastructure projects such as railways, highways, and subways, underground projects such as tunnels require waterproof structures due to the requirements of functionality and structural durability. Among them, EVA, PE and other polymer plastic waterproof sheets (waterproof rolls) have the best waterproof performance and durability, making them the preferred material for waterproof structures. However, due to the hard texture and high elasticity of plastic waterproof sheets, the problem of on-site fixed installation has always been a challenge for design and construction.

[0003] Traditional methods of fixing waterproof membranes involve heating the membrane and welding it directly to plastic washers. These methods have several problems: First, heating the membrane with a soldering iron melts it, causing it to bond directly to the molten plastic washer, resulting in a loss of membrane thickness and failing to meet design requirements, significantly reducing waterproofing effectiveness. Second, excessively hot soldering irons can burn through the membrane, rendering it unusable and wasting materials. Third, insufficient soldering iron temperature can lead to weak welds between the membrane and washer, causing the membrane to fall off during concrete construction, affecting subsequent concrete work and increasing rework costs. Fourth, excessively hot soldering irons can ignite flammable materials such as the membrane or geotextile, posing a fire hazard.

[0004] The present invention provides an underground waterproof structure and its construction method, which can effectively solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention is proposed to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide an underground waterproof structure and its construction method.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: an underground waterproof structure, comprising excavated natural soil as the construction foundation, wherein a shotcrete leveling layer and a geotextile are sequentially arranged outside the excavated natural soil, and a new type of waterproof board is arranged outside the geotextile for waterproofing, wherein the new type of waterproof board is fixed to the geotextile by a new type of gasket, and the new type of gasket provides a double-stage heat fusion connection between the new type of waterproof board and the geotextile.

[0007] Furthermore, the novel gasket has a recessed center forming an assembly and fixing cavity, in which a metal gasket is placed. After the cement nail passes through the metal gasket and the assembly and fixing cavity, it is driven into the shotcrete leveling layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the new type of washer body is a high-melting-point plastic washer, and an annular groove is formed on the side of the new washer facing the geotextile.

[0009] Furthermore, a low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer is formed on the side of the novel gasket facing the novel waterproof membrane, and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer is annular.

[0010] Furthermore, the novel waterproof membrane has a groove formed to accommodate the novel gasket, and a low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer is formed on the side of the novel waterproof membrane facing the geotextile.

[0011] A construction method for an underground waterproof structure includes the following steps: A. Apply a sprayed concrete leveling layer; B. The geotextile is fixed to the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer using a new type of gasket; C. The new type of waterproof membrane is installed using a two-stage hot-melt fixing method; D. Concrete protective layer is applied to the outside of the new waterproof membrane.

[0012] Furthermore, step A involves constructing the shotcrete leveling layer, the specific process of which is as follows: First, shotcrete mix proportions with strength grades of C20 or higher are used, and shotcrete is produced centrally at the mixing plant. Then, it is transported to the construction site by concrete mixer truck; Finally, a wet spraying machine is used to spray shotcrete onto the outer surface of the excavated natural soil and fix it into shape, completing the construction of the shotcrete leveling layer.

[0013] Furthermore, in step B, the geotextile is fixed to the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer using a new type of gasket. The specific process is as follows: First, the geotextile is laid on the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer; Then, place the perforated metal washer at the center pre-drilled hole of the new type of washer; Then, cement nails are used to fix the metal gaskets and the new type of washers to the sprayed concrete leveling layer through the pre-drilled holes in the metal gaskets and the center pre-drilled holes in the new type of washers. Finally, the new type of washer is fixed to the outer surface of the geotextile.

[0014] Furthermore, step C involves constructing a new type of waterproof membrane, using a two-stage hot-melt method for fixation. The specific process is as follows: First, the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane of the new waterproof membrane and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B are fixed together at high temperature in the first stage, and the high-melting-point plastic washer of the new gasket and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A are fixed together at high temperature in the first stage. Then, low-temperature secondary fixation is achieved through the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B of the new waterproof membrane and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A of the new gasket.

[0015] Furthermore, step D involves constructing a concrete protective layer on the outside of the new waterproof membrane. The specific process is as follows: After installing the new waterproof membrane, construct the formwork, pour concrete, and obtain the concrete protective layer.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The construction method of this invention is simple and easy to implement. The structure and function are clearly defined. The shotcrete leveling layer provides a working surface for subsequent construction. The geotextile acts as a buffer and protector of the new waterproof membrane. The new waterproof membrane is the main structure for waterproofing. The new gaskets fix the geotextile and the new waterproof membrane. The concrete protective layer protects and fixes the new waterproof membrane.

[0017] This invention employs novel gaskets and novel waterproofing membranes, which can ensure the quality of waterproofing membrane installation from the source and reduce damage to the waterproofing membrane during the installation process. Moreover, the construction process is simple. Compared with traditional waterproofing membrane installation, which requires workers to undergo long-term training to master temperature control welding skills and whose construction quality depends heavily on the workers' proficiency, workers using this patented invention can start working without long-term training.

[0018] This invention not only improves the quality of waterproof membrane installation and ensures construction safety, but also speeds up construction progress. It is a safe and efficient waterproof structure and construction method that can be applied to waterproof membranes as the main waterproof material, and has broad application and promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the sprayed concrete leveling layer in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the geotextile buffer layer in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of a high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the concrete protective layer in this invention; Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the novel gasket of this invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the novel gasket in this invention; Figure 7 This is a partial view of the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane in this invention; Figure 8 This is a plan view of the paving of the present invention; The components include: 1. Shotcrete leveling layer; 2. Geotextile; 3. New type of gasket; 4. High melting point plastic gasket; 5. Low melting point hot melt adhesive layer A; 6. New type of waterproof membrane; 7. High melting point plastic waterproof membrane; 8. Low melting point hot melt adhesive layer B; 9. Metal gasket; 10. Cement nail; 11. Concrete protective layer; 12. Temperature control heater. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an underground waterproof structure includes excavated natural soil as the construction foundation. A shotcrete leveling layer 1 and a geotextile 2 are sequentially arranged outside the excavated natural soil. A new type of waterproof board 6 is arranged outside the geotextile 2 for waterproofing. The new type of waterproof board 6 is fixed to the geotextile 2 by a new type of gasket 3, and the new type of gasket 3 provides a double-stage heat fusion connection for the new type of waterproof board 6.

[0021] The novel washer 3 has a concave center to form an assembly and fixing cavity. A metal washer 9 is placed in the assembly and fixing cavity. After the cement nail 10 passes through the metal washer 9 and the assembly and fixing cavity, it is driven into the sprayed concrete leveling layer 1.

[0022] The new type of washer 3 is a high-melting-point plastic washer 4, and the new type of washer 3 has an annular groove on the side facing the geotextile 2.

[0023] The novel gasket 3 forms a low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A5 on the side facing the novel waterproof membrane 6, and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A5 is annular.

[0024] The novel waterproof membrane 6 forms a groove to accommodate the novel gasket 3, and a low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B8 is formed on the side of the novel waterproof membrane 6 facing the geotextile 2.

[0025] Specifically, the shotcrete leveling layer 1 provides a working surface for subsequent construction and also provides a support structure for fixing the geotextile 2, the new gasket 3, and the new waterproof membrane 6.

[0026] Specifically, the geotextile 2 buffer layer serves to protect the new waterproof board 6 from being punctured by coarse particles on the surface of the sprayed concrete leveling layer 1.

[0027] Specifically, the new type of washer 3 serves to fix the geotextile 2 and the new type of waterproof membrane 6.

[0028] Specifically, the novel waterproof membrane 6 has waterproof properties and is the main waterproof material in the waterproof structure of this application; the cast-in-place concrete protective layer 11 serves to protect the novel waterproof membrane 6 on the one hand, and also plays a part in waterproofing on the other.

[0029] Specifically, the novel gasket 3 comprises two parts: a high-melting-point plastic gasket 4 as the main body and a low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5. The high-melting-point plastic gasket 4 is made of a polymer plastic material with a melting point above 100 degrees Celsius, and the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5 is made of a hot melt adhesive material with a melting point of around 70-80 degrees Celsius. After melting the low-temperature hot melt adhesive, the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5 is applied to the outer surface of the high-melting-point plastic gasket 4 using a sprayer or brush.

[0030] More specifically, in order to ensure that the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 and the high-melting-point plastic gasket 4 are firmly welded, the coating thickness of the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5 shall not be less than 1 mm.

[0031] Specifically, the novel waterproof membrane 6 includes a high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 as its main body and a low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8. The high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 is made of a polymer plastic material with a melting point higher than 100 degrees Celsius, and the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 is made of a hot melt adhesive material with a melting point of 70-80 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 and the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5 are made from the same raw material. After melting the low-temperature hot melt adhesive, the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 is applied to the outer surface of the basic structure of the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 using a sprayer or brush. To ensure a firm weld between the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 and the high-melting-point plastic gasket 4, the coating thickness of the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 is not less than 0.5 mm.

[0032] Specifically, the temperature of the heating plate of the temperature-controlled heater 12 is controlled at 90-100 degrees Celsius. The heating plate of the temperature-controlled heater 12 is aligned with the new waterproof plate 6 and the new gasket 3 that has been installed. The heat energy is conducted through the high melting point plastic waterproof plate 7 to melt the low temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 and the low temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5, and the low temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 and the low temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5 are bonded together. Then, the high melting point plastic waterproof plate 7 and the high melting point plastic gasket 4 are joined together.

[0033] Specifically, the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 has a melting point higher than 100 degrees Celsius, and the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer has a melting point of 70-80 degrees Celsius. Therefore, when the temperature-controlled heater 12 heats the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7, it only melts the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 and the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5. The high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 itself will not be melted or damaged.

[0034] Because the temperature of the heating plate of the temperature-controlled heater 12 is controlled below 100 degrees Celsius, which is far below the ignition point of plastic and geotextile at 300 degrees Celsius, there is no risk of igniting the high melting point plastic waterproof board 7 and geotextile 2, thus avoiding the risk of on-site fire hazards.

[0035] A construction method for an underground waterproof structure includes the following steps: A. Construction of shotcrete leveling layer 1; B. The geotextile 2 is fixed on the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer 1 using a new type of gasket 3; C. The new type of waterproof membrane 6 is installed using a two-stage hot-melt method for fixing; D. Concrete protective layer 11 is constructed on the outside of the new waterproof membrane 6.

[0036] Step A involves constructing the shotcrete leveling layer 1, and the specific process is as follows: First, shotcrete mix proportions with strength grades of C20 or higher are used, and shotcrete is produced centrally at the mixing plant. Then, it is transported to the construction site by concrete mixer truck; Finally, a wet spraying machine is used to spray shotcrete onto the outer surface of the excavated natural soil and fix it into shape, completing the construction of shotcrete leveling layer 1.

[0037] Specifically, the thickness of the shotcrete leveling layer 1 shall not be less than 5 cm. During the shotcreting process, it shall be ensured that the flatness of the outer surface of the shotcrete structure meets the requirement that the depth-to-length ratio between the two protrusions is less than 1 / 20. This is to avoid unevenness on the surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1, which would result in insufficient adhesion between the geotextile 2 and the new waterproof board 6 and the surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1, and the subsequent appearance of cavities that would affect the structural quality.

[0038] Step B involves fixing the geotextile 2 to the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer 1 using a new type of washer 3. The specific process is as follows: First, the geotextile 2 is laid on the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1; Then, place the perforated metal washer 9 at the center pre-drilled hole of the new type washer 3; Then, cement nails 10 are used to fix the sprayed concrete leveling layer 1 through the reserved holes of metal gasket 9 and the center reserved hole of new type washer 3. Finally, the new type of washer 3 is fixed to the outer surface of the geotextile 2.

[0039] Step C involves constructing the new waterproof membrane 6, using a two-stage hot-melt method for fixation. The specific process is as follows: First, the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane 7 of the new waterproof membrane 6 and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B8 are fixed at high temperature in the first stage, and the high-melting-point plastic washer 4 and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A5 of the new washer 3 are fixed at high temperature in the first stage. Then, low-temperature secondary fixation is achieved through the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B8 of the new waterproof membrane 6 and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A5 of the new gasket 3.

[0040] Step D involves constructing a concrete protective layer 11 on the outside of the new waterproof membrane 6. The specific process is as follows: After installing the new waterproof membrane 6, construct the formwork and pour concrete to obtain the concrete protective layer 11.

[0041] Specifically, in step B, to prevent the sharp edges of coarse particles, i.e. gravel, on the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1 from directly contacting the new waterproof membrane 6 and causing it to puncture the new waterproof membrane 6, a layer of geotextile 2 is set on the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1 as a buffer layer to protect the new waterproof membrane 6. The geotextile 2 weighs no less than 400 grams per square meter, and a new type of gasket 3 is used to fix the geotextile 2 to the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1.

[0042] Specifically, the horizontal and vertical spacing of the new type of washer 3 is 0.5 meters, and the geotextile 2 is fixed to the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer 1 by cement nails 10, metal gaskets 9, and the new type of washer 3.

[0043] Specifically, in step C, the new waterproof membrane 6 is installed using a two-stage hot-melt method for fixing. The specific process is as follows: First, align the heating plate of the temperature-controlled heater 12 with the new waterproof plate 6, which has already been installed, and the temperature of the heating plate of the temperature-controlled heater 12 is controlled at 90-100 degrees. Then, by heating the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer B8 and the low-temperature hot melt adhesive layer A5, the two hot melt adhesive layers melt and bond together to weld the high melting point plastic waterproof board 7 and the high melting point plastic gasket 4, and fixation is completed by placing the new type of waterproof board 6 and the new type of gasket 3 at one point. Finally, by analogy, all the new gaskets 3 and the new waterproof membrane 6 are welded together, thus completing the fixation of the entire waterproof membrane.

[0044] Specifically, step D involves constructing a concrete protective layer 11 on the outside of the new waterproof membrane 6. The specific process is as follows: After installing the new waterproof membrane 6, the formwork is removed, and then concrete is poured to complete the concrete protective layer 11.

[0045] The concrete protective layer 11 is more than 5 cm thick and can be designed in conjunction with the main concrete structure of the tunnel or underground structure, while also playing a certain role in waterproofing.

[0046] The concrete protective layer 11 has a concrete mix ratio with P10 impermeability. The concrete is produced centrally at a mixing plant. After the formwork is installed, it is transported to the site by concrete mixer truck for pouring. After the formwork is removed, a curing agent is applied for curing to prevent the concrete from cracking and affecting the protection and waterproofing effect.

[0047] Thus, the entire waterproof structure system was completed in the order of shotcrete leveling layer 1, geotextile 2, new waterproof membrane 6, and concrete protective layer 11.

[0048] The construction method of this invention is simple and easy to implement. The structure and function are clearly defined. The shotcrete leveling layer provides a working surface for subsequent construction. The geotextile acts as a buffer and protector of the new waterproof membrane. The new waterproof membrane is the main structure for waterproofing. The new gaskets fix the geotextile and the new waterproof membrane. The concrete protective layer protects and fixes the new waterproof membrane.

[0049] This invention employs novel gaskets and novel waterproofing membranes, which can ensure the quality of waterproofing membrane installation from the source and reduce damage to the waterproofing membrane during the installation process. Moreover, the construction process is simple. Compared with traditional waterproofing membrane installation, which requires workers to undergo long-term training to master temperature control welding skills and whose construction quality depends heavily on the workers' proficiency, workers using this patented invention can start working without long-term training.

[0050] This invention not only improves the quality of waterproof membrane installation and ensures construction safety, but also speeds up construction progress. It is a safe and efficient waterproof structure and construction method that can be applied to waterproof membranes as the main waterproof material, and has broad application and promotion prospects.

Claims

1. An underground waterproof structure, comprising excavated natural soil as the construction foundation, characterized in that: After excavation, a shotcrete leveling layer (1) and a geotextile (2) are sequentially installed on the outside of the natural soil. A new type of waterproof board (6) is installed on the outside of the geotextile (2). The new type of waterproof board (6) is fixed to the geotextile (2) by a new type of gasket (3), and the new type of gasket (3) performs a double-stage heat fusion connection on the new type of waterproof board (6).

2. The underground waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new type of washer (3) has a concave center to form an assembly and fixing cavity. A metal washer (9) is provided in the assembly and fixing cavity. After the cement nail (10) passes through the metal washer (9) and the assembly and fixing cavity, it is nailed into the sprayed concrete leveling layer (1).

3. The underground waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new type of gasket (3) is a high melting point plastic gasket (4), and the new type of gasket (3) forms an annular groove on the side facing the geotextile (2).

4. The underground waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The new gasket (3) forms a low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A (5) on the side facing the new waterproof membrane (6), and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A (5) is annular.

5. The underground waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The novel waterproof membrane (6) forms a groove to accommodate the novel gasket (3), and a low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B (8) is formed on the side of the novel waterproof membrane (6) facing the geotextile (2).

6. The construction method of an underground waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: A. Construction of shotcrete leveling layer (1); B. The geotextile (2) is fixed on the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer (1) by a new type of gasket (3); C. The new waterproof membrane (6) is installed and fixed using a two-stage hot-melt method; D. Concrete protective layer (11) is constructed on the outside of the new waterproof membrane (6).

7. The construction method of an underground waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step A involves constructing the shotcrete leveling layer (1), and the specific process is as follows: First, shotcrete mix proportions with strength grades of C20 or higher are used, and shotcrete is produced centrally at the mixing plant. Then, it is transported to the construction site by concrete mixer truck; Finally, a wet spraying machine is used to spray the shotcrete onto the outer surface of the excavated natural soil and fix it into shape, thus completing the construction of the shotcrete leveling layer (1).

8. The construction method of an underground waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step B involves fixing the geotextile (2) to the outside of the shotcrete leveling layer (1) using a new type of gasket (3). The specific process is as follows: First, the geotextile (2) is laid on the outer surface of the shotcrete leveling layer (1); Then, place the perforated metal gasket (9) at the center pre-drilled hole of the new type of washer (3); Then, cement nails (10) are used to fix the sprayed concrete leveling layer (1) through the reserved holes of the metal gasket (9) and the center reserved hole of the new type washer (3); Finally, the new type of gasket (3) is fixed to the outer surface of the geotextile (2).

9. A construction method for an underground waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step C involves constructing the new waterproof membrane (6), which is fixed using a two-stage hot-melt process. The specific steps are as follows: First, the high-melting-point plastic waterproof membrane (7) of the new waterproof membrane (6) and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B (8) are fixed at high temperature in the first stage, and the high-melting-point plastic gasket (4) and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A (5) of the new gasket (3) are fixed at high temperature in the first stage. Then, low-temperature secondary fixation is performed using the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer B (8) of the new waterproof membrane (6) and the low-melting-point hot melt adhesive layer A (5) of the new gasket (3).

10. A construction method for an underground waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step D involves constructing a concrete protective layer (11) on the outside of the new waterproof membrane (6). The specific process is as follows: After the new waterproof membrane (6) is installed, the formwork is constructed, and concrete is poured to obtain the concrete protective layer (11).

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