A short-body roadheader for coal mine tunneling

Abstract

The application discloses a short-body fully-mechanized excavator for coal mine tunneling, which comprises a rack, a walking part, a shovel plate part, a cutting part and a conveyer scraper; the rack is connected with the track assembly of the walking part through a rotating mechanism; the cutting part comprises a folding cutting arm and a transverse shaft type cutting head; one end of the cutting arm is hinged to the rack, and the other end of the cutting arm is fixed with the cutting head; the shovel plate part is connected to the front end of the rack; one conveyer scraper passes through and is arranged on the track assembly; the front end and the tail end of the conveyer scraper extend to the front end of the rack and the tail end of the rack respectively. Advantages: the body is greatly reduced compared with the conventional machine type, and is suitable for narrow lane, sharp turning, continuous mining and continuous charging working face branch lane frequent opening scene; through the adjustment of the coal conveying direction of the conveyer scraper, the rack rotation and the linkage of the cutting arm, the rapid opening operation and continuous transportation of the lane are realized, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground tunneling equipment technology in coal mines, and particularly to a short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling. Background Technology

[0002] Existing coal mine roadheaders are mainly divided into two types: horizontal shaft type and vertical shaft type. In practical applications, they have the following technical limitations: Excessive machine length leads to poor maneuverability: Traditional roadheaders are generally over 9.5m long, requiring a minimum turning radius of over 8m. The minimum door opening span in a 5m tunnel is 7-8m, and in narrow tunnels (width ≤ 4m), the door opening span is over 8m. This makes them prone to jamming and collisions during turning and moving forward or backward.

[0003] Low efficiency of opening tunnel doors: Traditional models have long bodies and small rotation angles, requiring multiple adjustments to the machine position when opening tunnel doors or making right-angle turns. A single cycle of door opening operation takes ≥2 hours. At the same time, it is easy to cause over-excavation of the tunnel side, large opening cross-section, low safety, and cannot adapt to the frequent door opening operation environment of the branch tunnel of the continuous mining and filling working face.

[0004] Poor spatial adaptability: The cutting arm is rigidly connected to the machine body, which limits the cutting range in narrow spaces. In particular, it is difficult to cut inside the bends, shoulders, and bottom corners of the tunnel. The machine body needs to be moved frequently to adjust the cutting position, which can easily cause collisions with tunnel pipelines, cables, and other equipment, affecting tunneling efficiency.

[0005] Coal discharge direction is fixed, and continuous coal discharge is not possible during the opening period: Most of the primary conveyor scrapers are rigid structures with a fixed coal discharge direction and a long tail. In complex roadways where coal discharge needs to be changed, the operation of turning the machine body to the correct direction takes ≥16 hours. During this period, coal discharge is difficult, and multiple adjustments are required for the matching transfer machine, which increases equipment investment and operational complexity.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of roadheader with a short fuselage, wide turning radius, and flexible adaptability to confined spaces, in order to improve tunneling efficiency in narrow tunnels and complex turning scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a short-body roadheader for coal mine tunneling, which is suitable for narrow roadways, sharp turns, and rapid door opening tunneling scenarios. It is especially suitable for efficient tunneling operations in small and medium cross-section roadways and complex terrain conditions, such as branch roadways or other connecting roadways in continuous mining and filling working faces of coal mines; and solves the problems of difficult turning, difficult door opening and coal discharge, slow door opening, and poor adaptability of traditional models.

[0008] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solution: a short-body roadheader for coal mine tunneling, comprising a frame, a traveling section, a shovel section, a cutting section, and a scraper conveyor; the frame is rotatably connected to the track assembly of the traveling section via a slewing mechanism; the cutting section includes a folding cutting arm and a horizontal cutting head; one end of the cutting arm is hinged to the frame, and the cutting head is fixed to the other end of the cutting arm; the shovel section is connected to the front end of the frame; the scraper conveyor passes through and is mounted on the track assembly; one end of the scraper conveyor is connected to the front end of the frame, and the other end of the scraper conveyor extends towards the rear of the frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the walking unit uses an existing track assembly, with a hollow structure running through the middle of the track assembly from front to back, through which the scraper conveyor passes and is fixed to the track assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the shovel plate section includes a shovel plate, a shovel plate adjusting cylinder, and star wheels; the shovel plate has a shovel-shaped structure that is wider at the front and narrower at the back, with its lower two sides hinged to the track assembly, and its upper part hinged to the track assembly via the shovel plate adjusting cylinders on both sides; a coal inlet is provided in the middle of the shovel plate, which is located above the head of the conveyor scraper; two rotatable, symmetrically arranged star wheels are provided on the shovel plate on both sides of the coal inlet, and each star wheel has a coal-pulling rotor fixed to its edge, with the bottom of the star wheel connected to a hydraulic motor built into the shovel plate.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a coal retaining plate and a coal retaining plate support cylinder; the coal retaining plate is connected to the rear two sides of the shovel plate respectively, the coal retaining plate is a rectangular metal plate, and its inner edge is swung and connected to the shovel plate through a vertical shaft, and the coal retaining plate support cylinder is connected between the top of the coal retaining plate and the top of the shovel plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutting arm includes a cutting front arm, a cutting rear arm, a cutting front arm lifting cylinder, and a cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder; the rear end of the cutting front arm is hinged to the front end of the cutting rear arm, and the end of the cutting rear arm is hinged to the front end of the frame; the telescopic end of the cutting front arm lifting cylinder is hinged to the rear part of the cutting front arm, and the cylinder body end of the cutting front arm lifting cylinder is hinged to the rear part of the cutting rear arm; the telescopic end of the cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder is hinged to the cutting rear arm, and the cylinder body end of the cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder is hinged to the frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the middle part of the horizontal axis of the horizontal axis cutting head is fixed to the end of the cutting arm, and the two ends of the horizontal axis are provided with roller-type cutting heads with spiral cutting teeth arranged on their surfaces.

[0014] Furthermore, the frame includes a body and an operating platform located at the rear of the body; the slewing mechanism includes a shaft, a slewing bearing, and a slewing gear; the bottom of the shaft is fixedly connected to the track assembly, the slewing bearing is tightly fitted onto the shaft, and the slewing gear is fixedly fitted onto the slewing bearing; the end face of the slewing gear is fixed to the body, and two sets of counter-pull telescopic cylinders are symmetrically arranged relative to the slewing gear on the body; each set of counter-pull telescopic cylinders includes two cylinder bodies and a telescopic rod placed between the two cylinder bodies, and the telescopic rod is provided with serrations that mesh with the slewing gear.

[0015] Furthermore, the rear of the track assembly of the walking unit is hinged to a rear support base, the end of the rear support base is hinged to the telescopic end of the rear support cylinder, and the cylinder end of the rear support cylinder is hinged to the track assembly above the rear support base.

[0016] Advantages of this invention: (1) Short body with large turning radius: The machine is 8m long, 2.5m wide, and 2m high. The split rotation angle is ±30° and the minimum turning radius is ≤5m. Compared with traditional models, the size is greatly reduced, which is suitable for narrow alleys, sharp turns, and frequent door opening scenarios of continuous mining and charging. It is not easy to get stuck or collide. (2) Fast roadway opening: Through the linkage between the frame rotation and the cutting arm, the coal cutting time for a single cycle of 90° opening operation is ≤40 minutes, which is 67% more efficient than the traditional model (≥2 hours); (3) Wide cutting range: The horizontal axis double drum combined with the cutting arm swings ±30°, lifts 4m, and swings 5.2m, can cover the entire cross section of the roadway, reduce the number of machine body movements, expand the cutting range in narrow spaces, reduce the frequency of personnel entering the empty roof area, reduce the risk of safety accidents, and improve the cutting efficiency of the roadheader. (4) Flexible coal discharge direction: The scraper conveyor can turn up to 90° to adapt to different coal discharge direction requirements, and realize continuous coal discharge during the turning and opening period without frequent adjustment of the transfer machine position; (5) Convenient operation: The centralized control panel integrates all motion control, and the operation of the handle is linearly related to the range of motion, reducing the difficulty of operation. The control panel is located at the rear of the machine, which greatly improves the safety of the operator; the field of vision is wide, and the sides and rear of the machine can be observed, preventing personnel and equipment from being squeezed or collided. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the shovel plate portion described in this invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the rotary mechanism described in this invention.

[0022] The components in the attached diagram are labeled as follows: Frame 1, Body 1.1, Operating Platform 1.2, Rotary Mechanism 2, Shaft 2.1, Rotary Bearing 2.2, Rotary Gear 2.3, Pull-out Telescopic Cylinder 2.4, Telescopic Rod 2.41, Traveling Part 3, Cutting Part 4, Cutting Arm 4.1, Cutting Front Arm 4.11, Cutting Rear Arm 4.12, Cutting Front Arm Lifting Cylinder 4.13, Cutting Rear Arm Adjusting Cylinder 4.14, Cutting Head 4.2, Shovel Part 5, Shovel 5.1, Coal Inlet 5.11, Shovel Adjusting Cylinder 5.2, Star Wheel 5.3, Coal Dispatching Rotor 5.31, Coal Barrier Plate 5.4, Coal Barrier Plate Support Cylinder 5.5, Primary Scraper Conveyor 6, Rear Support Base 7, Rear Support Cylinder 8. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a short-body roadheader for coal mine tunneling, which includes a frame 1, a traveling section 3, a shovel section 5, a cutting section 4, and a scraper conveyor 6.

[0026] The walking unit 3 uses an existing track assembly; the track assembly has a hollow structure running through the middle, allowing a scraper conveyor 6 to pass through, which is fixed to the track assembly; the two ends of the scraper conveyor 6 extend to the front and rear of the frame 1, respectively. The scraper conveyor 6 can bend laterally and has the function of bending and turning to discharge coal. Its specific structure has been disclosed in the invention patent application number 202210100665.4, entitled "A Tracked Self-Moving Flexible Scraper Conveyor", and is the same as the scraper conveying mechanism in that invention patent, so it will not be described again here.

[0027] The shovel section 5 is connected to the front end of the frame 1. The shovel section 5 includes a shovel 5.1, a shovel adjusting cylinder 5.2, and a star wheel 5.3. The shovel 5.1 has a shovel-shaped structure that is wider at the front and narrower at the back, which facilitates coal collection. The lower sides of the tail of the shovel 5.1 are hinged to the track assembly, and the upper part of the tail is hinged to the track assembly through the shovel adjusting cylinders 5.2 on both sides. The telescopic end of the shovel adjusting cylinder 5.2 is hinged to the rear end of the shovel 5.1, and the cylinder end of the shovel adjusting cylinder 5.2 is hinged to the track assembly. The shovel adjusting cylinder 5.2 can adjust the swing angle of the shovel to adapt to coal output in different undulating terrains.

[0028] A coal inlet 5.11 is located in the middle of the shovel 5.1, which is positioned above the head of the conveyor scraper 6. Two rotatable, symmetrically arranged star wheels 5.3 are mounted on the shovels 5.1 on both sides of the coal inlet 5.11. Each star wheel 5.3 has four coal-pushing blades 5.31 evenly distributed and fixed along its circumferential edge, forming a star-shaped wheel. The bottom of the star wheel 5.3 is connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor built into the shovel. When the mined coal and rock fall onto the shovel, the coal-pushing blades 5.31 push the coal and rock into the coal inlet 5.11 as the star wheel 5.3 rotates under the drive of the hydraulic motor. From the coal inlet 5.11, the coal and rock fall directly onto the conveyor scraper 6 below, and are then conveyed backward by the conveyor scraper 6.

[0029] It also includes a coal retaining plate 5.4 and a coal retaining plate support cylinder 5.5; the rear two sides of the shovel plate 5.1 are respectively connected to the coal retaining plate 5.4. The coal retaining plate is a rectangular metal plate, and its inner edge is connected to the shovel plate by a vertical shaft. The top of the coal retaining plate 5.4 and the top of the shovel plate 5.1 are connected to the coal retaining plate support cylinder 5.5; under the drive of the corresponding coal retaining plate support cylinder 5.5, the two coal retaining plates on both sides of the shovel plate can be adjusted to open and close, so as to retain coal and prevent coal and rock from falling from both sides of the shovel plate. It can also gather the coal on both sides into the range of the shovel plate for easy coal discharge.

[0030] The frame 1 is rotatably connected to the traveling unit 3 via a slewing mechanism 2. The frame 1 includes a body 1.1 and an operating platform 1.2 located at the rear of the body 1.1. The machine is 8m long, 2.5m wide, and 2m high. The operating platform 1.2 integrates control elements to centrally control the overall traveling, cutting, and transporting actions. The slewing mechanism 2 includes a shaft 2.1, a slewing bearing 2.2, and a slewing gear 2.3. The bottom of the shaft 2.1 is fixedly connected to the frame of the track assembly. The slewing bearing 2.2 is tightly fitted onto the shaft 2.1, and the slewing gear 2.3 is fixedly fitted onto the slewing bearing 2.2. The end face of the slewing gear 2.3 is fixed to the body 1.1, and a symmetrical gear relative to the slewing gear 2.3 is mounted on the body 1.1. The system is equipped with two sets of counter-pull telescopic hydraulic cylinders 2.4. Each set of counter-pull telescopic hydraulic cylinders 2.4 includes two cylinder bodies and a telescopic rod 2.41 placed between the two cylinder bodies. The telescopic rod 2.41 is provided with serrations that mesh with the rotary gear 2.3. During the reverse movement of the two telescopic rods of the two sets of counter-pull telescopic hydraulic cylinders 2.4, the rotary gear 2.3 is driven to rotate, with a split rotation angle of ±30°, so as to drive the machine body 1.1 to rotate relative to the traveling part 3, forming a split structure of "traveling part 3 fixed + frame 1 rotating", which ensures stability when turning. At the same time, it enables the cutting direction to be adjusted without moving the traveling part 3 as a whole, turning and cutting in place, expanding the cutting angle range, greatly reducing the turning radius, and making coal cutting fast and efficient when turning.

[0031] The cutting section 4 includes a folding cutting arm 4.1 and a horizontal axis cutting head 4.2. One end of the cutting arm 4.1 is hinged to the frame 1, and the cutting head 4.2 is fixed on the other end of the cutting arm 4.1. A roller-type cutting head is provided on each side of the horizontal axis of the cutting head, and cutting teeth are spirally arranged on its surface. The middle part of the horizontal axis is fixed to the end of the cutting arm 4.1. The cutting arm 4.1 includes a cutting front arm 4.11, a cutting rear arm 4.12, a cutting front arm lifting cylinder 4.13, and a cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder 4.14. The rear end of the cutting front arm 4.11 is hinged to the front end of the cutting rear arm 4.12, and the end of the cutting rear arm is hinged to the front end of the frame 1. The telescopic end of the cutting front arm lifting cylinder 4.13 is hinged to the rear part of the cutting front arm 4.11, and the cylinder body end of the cutting front arm lifting cylinder 4.13 is hinged to the rear part of the cutting rear arm. The telescopic end of the cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder 4.14 is hinged to the cutting rear arm, and the cylinder body end of the cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder 4.14 is hinged to the frame 1. Under the action of the cutting arm adjusting cylinder 4.14, the cutting part 4 can swing as a whole. The cutting arm lifting cylinder 4.13 can adjust the lifting of the cutting part 4, and realize the folding of the cutting arm 4.11 and the cutting arm 4.12. The lifting height reaches 4 meters and the swing amplitude reaches 5.2 meters, thereby realizing high-level cutting of the cutting part 4 and increasing the cutting height.

[0032] The rear of the walking unit 3 is hinged to a rear support base 7. The end of the rear support base 7 is hinged to the telescopic end of the rear support cylinder 8. The cylinder end of the rear support cylinder 8 is hinged to the track assembly above the rear support base 7. Under the action of the rear support cylinder 8, the rear support base 7 is supported on the base plate. During the extension of the rear support cylinder 8, the rear of the machine is raised, realizing the bottom cutting function of the front cutting head 4.2.

[0033] Working principle: Tunneling operation: The equipment is moved to the tunneling face. According to the requirements of the roadway cross section, the height and angle of the cutting head 4.2 are adjusted by the cutting arm lifting cylinder 4.13 and the cutting arm adjusting cylinder 4.14. The horizontal axis double roller cutting head 4.2 rotates to cut the coal and rock, and the cut coal and rock fall onto the shovel plate.

[0034] Coal and rock collection: The shovel plate adjusting cylinder 5.2 drives the shovel plate to rise to a suitable angle, and the hydraulic motor drives the two star wheels 5.3 to rotate, pushing the coal and rock into the shovel plate inlet 5.11 and falling into the head of the conveyor scraper 6; Meanwhile, the coal retaining plate supporting cylinder 5.5 extends to open the coal retaining plate 5.4 to prevent coal and rock from overflowing.

[0035] Steering and transport: The scraper conveyor 6 transports coal and rock in the designated direction; if it is necessary to turn or adjust the machine position, the telescopic hydraulic cylinders 2.4 on both sides of the frame 1 drive the rotary gear 2.3 to rotate, so that the frame 1 can turn ±30° relative to the walking part 3, and the cutting direction can be adjusted without moving the walking part 3 as a whole.

[0036] Roadway opening: When operating at 90° opening, first adjust the cutting head 4.2 to the opening position by cutting arm 4.1. After the initial cutting is completed, the frame 1 rotates 30°, the tail turns and continuously discharges coal. With the swing of cutting arm 4.1, the opening cross-section is gradually expanded, reducing the number of machine position adjustments.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling, characterized in that, It includes a frame, a traveling section, a shovel section, a cutting section, and a conveyor scraper. The frame is rotatably connected to the track assembly of the traveling part via a slewing mechanism. The cutting part includes a folding cutting arm and a horizontal cutting head. One end of the cutting arm is hinged to the frame, and the cutting head is fixed to the other end of the cutting arm. The shovel plate is connected to the front end of the frame, the scraper conveyor passes through and is connected to the track assembly, one end of the scraper conveyor is connected to the front end of the frame, and the other end of the scraper conveyor extends toward the rear end of the frame.

2. The short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The walking unit uses an existing track assembly, with a hollow structure running through the middle of the track assembly from front to back. The scraper conveyor runs through the middle and is fixed to the track assembly.

3. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shovel plate section includes a shovel plate, a shovel plate adjusting cylinder, and a star wheel; the shovel plate has a shovel-shaped structure that is wider at the front and narrower at the back, and its lower two sides are hinged to the track assembly, while its upper part is hinged to the track assembly through the shovel plate adjusting cylinders on both sides. The shovel plate has a coal inlet in the middle, which is located above the head of the conveying scraper; two rotatable and symmetrically arranged star wheels are provided on the shovel plate on both sides of the coal inlet, and each star wheel has a coal-pulling blade fixed on its edge. The bottom of the star wheel is connected to the hydraulic motor built into the shovel plate.

4. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a coal retaining plate and a coal retaining plate support cylinder; The coal retaining plates are connected to the rear two sides of the shovel plate respectively. The coal retaining plates are rectangular metal plates, and their inner edges are swung and connected to the shovel plate by a vertical axis. The coal retaining plate support cylinder is connected between the top of the coal retaining plate and the top of the shovel plate.

5. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting arm includes a cutting front arm, a cutting rear arm, a cutting front arm lifting cylinder, and a cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder; The rear end of the cutting forearm is hinged to the front end of the cutting rear arm, and the end of the cutting rear arm is hinged to the front end of the frame. The telescopic end of the cutting forearm lifting cylinder is hinged to the rear part of the cutting forearm, and the cylinder body end of the cutting forearm lifting cylinder is hinged to the rear part of the cutting rear arm; the telescopic end of the cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder is hinged to the cutting rear arm, and the cylinder body end of the cutting rear arm adjusting cylinder is hinged to the frame.

6. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal axis of the cutting head is fixed to the end of the cutting arm, and the two ends of the horizontal axis are equipped with roller-type cutting heads with spiral cutting teeth arranged on their surfaces.

7. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame includes a body and an operating table located at the rear of the body; the rotary mechanism includes a shaft, a rotary bearing, and a rotary gear. The bottom of the shaft is fixedly connected to the track assembly, and the slewing bearing is tightly fitted on the shaft, with the slewing gear fixedly fitted on the slewing bearing; The end face of the rotary gear is fixed to the machine body, and two sets of counter-pull telescopic hydraulic cylinders are installed on the machine body symmetrically arranged relative to the rotary gear; each set of counter-pull telescopic hydraulic cylinders includes two cylinder bodies and a telescopic rod placed between the two cylinder bodies, and the telescopic rod is provided with serrations that mesh with the rotary gear.

8. A short-hull roadheader for coal mine tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear of the track assembly of the walking unit is hinged to a rear support base. The end of the rear support base is hinged to the telescopic end of the rear support cylinder. The cylinder end of the rear support cylinder is hinged to the track assembly above the rear support base.

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