Comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology for vertical slot coal face

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining, and is a kind of comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology of vertical slot coal face, comprising the following steps: S1, arranging a downward mining coal face along the coal seam inclination direction in the vertical slot coal; S2, arranging a working face cut in the direction of the vertical slot coal, and installing hydraulic supports in the working face cut for supporting the top goaf and protecting the safety operation of personnel and mining equipment. The present application uses a coal mining machine for coal mining, a shuttle car for coal transportation, and a fully-mechanized coal mining process for conveying raw coal from the coal chute to the transportation roadway. After the goaf collapses, grouting is used to fill and manage the goaf roof. The working face is formed by side-by-side arrangement of hydraulic supports to provide a safe operation space, and mining equipment is arranged in the working face. The width of the coal mining face is greater than the width of the mining equipment. According to the design requirements, the working face is divided into a coal cutting area. The coal cutting amount of one area is matched with the load capacity of the shuttle car, and the present application provides a safe, high-yield and mechanized mining method for vertical slot coal mines with a coal thickness ranging from 4 to 10 meters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology and is a fully mechanized coal mining process for vertical coal face. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies generally employ the pseudo-inclined flexible shield support mining method for stable coal seams with a dip angle >55° and a thickness of 1.5-6 meters. The single-wing strike length is typically 200-300 meters, with a maximum of 400-500 meters. The pseudo-dip angle of the working face is controlled at 25-30°, the stage vertical height is 100-120 meters, and the section height is adjusted to 18-60 meters according to the coal seam conditions. For extra-thick vertical trough coal seams, a short-arm mining process is adopted, dividing the coal seam into several horizontal mining sections with top coal caving from top to bottom.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN104879128A discloses a mining technology for steeply inclined extra-thick coal seams based on top coal pre-explosion weakening. The technology involves mining the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam in multiple mining segments along the coal seam strike, from back to front. The process for mining one segment is as follows: 1. Roadway construction; 2. Top coal pre-explosion weakening, which includes: 201. Determination of the coal seam to be blasted; 202. Blast hole drilling: drilling blast holes from the intake airway using a drilling rig; 203. Charging and sealing the holes; 204. First blast; 205. Second blast; 3. Coal seam mining; 4. Mining the next mining segment; 5. Repeating step 4 multiple times until the entire mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam is completed.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN110273686A discloses a fully mechanized longwall mining process for thick coal seams with complex steep inclination angles and high mining height, including the following steps: the coal mining machine advances from the end of the working face, leaving an uncut section, and the coal mining machine descends to cut the coal; the hydraulic support moves along the coal mining machine for the first time, and the moving distance is less than the cutting depth of the coal mining machine; the hydraulic support moves a second time, and the sum of the two moving distances is equal to the cutting depth of the coal mining machine; the coal mining machine descends to cut the coal to the lower end, and the bridge transfer machine moves; the coal mining machine ascends to cut off the reserved uncut section, and the scraper conveyor is pushed into place.

[0005] Chinese patent document CN101307692A discloses a method for mining steeply inclined coal seams, comprising the following steps: Step 1, opening a return airway and a first conveyor roadway in the steeply inclined coal seam; Step 2, excavating the first cut-out, and then placing a flexible shield support to control the roof in the first cut-out, forming a pseudo-inclined initial mining face; Step 3, starting coal mining on the initial mining face; Step 4, when the initial mining face advances to the position of the second cut-out designed for the next section of the coal seam, gradually extending the initial mining face downwards, mining the second cut-out of the next section of the coal seam with the inclination direction opposite to that of the initial mining face, and carrying out the mining of the next section of the coal seam; Step 5, mining the lower coal seam again using the method in Step 4, continuously cycling and mining the entire steeply inclined coal seam from top to bottom.

[0006] The pseudo-inclined flexible shield support mining method uses a flexible structure composed of steel beams and wire ropes to isolate the goaf. This method involves blasting, has low mechanization and efficiency, requires frequent support installation and dismantling, and places significant pressure on the working face roadways due to mining activity. For extra-thick vertical coal seams, top-coal caving mining with a short-arm mining technique results in a short working face and low recovery rate. Currently, there is no mature mechanized mining technology for 4-10m vertical coal seams. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a fully mechanized coal mining process for vertical coal face, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology. It can effectively solve the problems of low safety and low production capacity in existing vertical coal mines with coal thickness less than 20m, especially in the range of 4-10m.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is achieved through the following measures: a fully mechanized coal mining process for vertical coal face, comprising the following steps: S1. A coal mining face that is downwardly mined is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam in a vertical coal seam. S2. Horizontally arrange working face cuts along the vertical coal seam, and install hydraulic supports in the working face cuts to support the top goaf and protect personnel and coal mining equipment for safe operation. S3. Arrange coal chutes in the coal seam along the dipping direction of the vertical coal chute, with a minimum of 2 coal chutes; S4. Two or more sets of coal mining equipment are allocated to the coal mining face. The coal mining equipment is used to mine the coal mining face from below and the raw coal is mined by chute.

[0009] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: The aforementioned hydraulic support may include a telescopic triangular support structure, with support legs on both sides of the lower part of the triangular support structure that can telescopically support the working surface, and wedge structures that can be telescopically extended on both sides of the support legs.

[0010] In step S2 above, the triangular support structure extends to support the collapsed gangue in the goaf, and the wedge structure extends and embeds itself into the roof and floor for fixation, using the total collapse method to manage the roof.

[0011] In step S4 above, after the coal mining equipment cuts the coal by the width of one hydraulic support, the support legs of the hydraulic support extend and support the coal layer on the new coal mining face after cutting. After cutting one layer of coal, the triangular support structure and the wedge structure are retracted in sequence from one direction. Finally, the support legs retract, thereby enabling the hydraulic support to move downward.

[0012] In step S4 above, the coal mining equipment includes a coal mining machine and a shuttle car. When the coal mining machine starts mining, it uses a drum to press down on the bottom coal seam to achieve downward oblique cutting to the designed circulation height. After the cutting is completed, it cuts the coal horizontally along the direction of the coal seam. The coal mining machine is a unidirectional coal mining machine. The raw coal cut by the coal mining machine is transported to the shuttle car, and the shuttle car transports the coal to the coal chute and then releases it.

[0013] In step S3 above, the coal mining face is divided into multiple sections, and coal mining equipment is configured in each section; each section is divided into multiple mining areas, and the amount of raw coal mined in each mining area does not exceed the upper limit of the shuttle car's capacity.

[0014] In step S4 above, during the downward mining process, the goaf above the hydraulic support is replenished as it is mined.

[0015] In step S4 above, during the downward mining process, the hydraulic support moves downward 15-30 meters, and the roof of the coal face is cut once. Then, the goaf and caving zone above the hydraulic support are grouted and filled.

[0016] Compared with existing vertical coal mining technology, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) By arranging the roadway shafts along the dip direction of the coal seam, the first submerged mining was achieved in the vertical coal face; (2) Using self-developed hydraulic supports, it can adapt to the changes in the dip angle of vertical coal seams with an inclination angle of 60-90° and the mining of coal seams with different thicknesses of 4-10m; (3) The coal transportation of the working face is improved by replacing the traditional belt conveyor, scraper conveyor and self-flowing equipment with coal chutes arranged at a depth of more than 100m in the working face. (4) By using the working face equipment arrangement of coal mining machine + shuttle car + hydraulic support, continuous and efficient mechanized coal mining of vertical coal face can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the coal seam mining tunnel in this invention.

[0018] Appendix Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the front sectional view of the hydraulic support of the present invention during use.

[0019] Appendix Figure 3 This is a side view of the hydraulic support structure of the present invention.

[0020] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional view of the wedge structure of the present invention.

[0021] Appendix Figure 5 This is a top view of the telescopic crossbeam in the hydraulic support of the present invention.

[0022] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the coal mining machine in this invention.

[0023] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shuttle car in this invention.

[0024] Appendix Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the hydraulic support in this invention.

[0025] Appendix Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting position of coal mining equipment 1 during the coal mining process using two sets of coal mining equipment according to the present invention.

[0026] Appendix Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the coal cutting position of coal mining equipment 2 during the coal mining process using two sets of coal mining equipment in this invention.

[0027] Appendix Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the feed position of coal mining equipment 2 when three sets of coal mining equipment are used in this invention.

[0028] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 is the main vertical shaft, 2 is the auxiliary vertical shaft, 3 is the return air shaft, 4 is the return air main roadway, 5 is the return air connecting shaft, 6 is the return air connecting shaft gate, 7 is the transport main roadway, 8 is the track main roadway, 9 is the bottom yard, 10 is the return air roadway, 11 is the No. 1 return air gate, 12 is the transport gate, 13 is the material transport gate, 14 is the pedestrian gate, 15 is the material transport roadway, 16 is the pedestrian-only roadway, 17 is the coal chute, 18 is the connecting roadway, and 19 is the No. 2 return air gate. 20 is the working face cut-out, 21 is the No. 3 return air gate, 22 is the long top beam, 23 is the short top beam, 24 is the hinge shaft, 25 is the crossbeam telescopic jack, 26 is the left crossbeam, 27 is the right crossbeam, 28 is the upper support leg, 29 is the lower support leg, 30 is the support leg telescopic jack, 31 is the anchor telescopic jack, 32 is the outer cylinder, 33 is the cone head, 34 is the support leg swing jack, 35 is the coal mining machine, 36 is the shuttle car, 37 is the roof plate, 38 is the floor plate, 39 is the rock pillar, and α is the dip angle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0030] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as the positional relationships of front, back, top, bottom, left, and right, which are based on the instructions attached. Figure 1 The orientation of the layout is determined by the direction of the map.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 8, the fully mechanized coal mining process for this vertical coal face includes the following steps: S1. A coal mining face that is downwardly mined is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam in a vertical coal seam. S2. Horizontally arrange the working face cut-out 20 along the vertical coal seam direction, and install hydraulic supports in the working face cut-out 20 to support the top goaf and protect personnel and coal mining equipment for safe operation. S3. Arrange coal chutes 17 in the coal seam along the dipping direction of the vertical coal seam, with no less than 2 coal chutes 17; S4. Two or more sets of coal mining equipment are allocated to the coal mining face. The coal mining equipment is used to mine the coal mining face from below, and the raw coal is mined through the coal chute 17.

[0032] Steeply inclined coal seams with an inclination angle α of 60°-90° are defined as vertical channel coal seams. Since the coal mining face is arranged at an inclination, the transport roadway, return air roadway, and pedestrian roadway of the coal mining face are arranged along the inclination direction of the coal seam, with a relatively large inclination angle α. The transport roadway of the coal mining face is named Material Transport Roadway 15, the return air roadway of the coal mining face is named Return Air Roadway 10, and the pedestrian roadway is named Pedestrian Roadway 16.

[0033] Shaft Development Layout: The layout includes a main shaft 1, an auxiliary shaft 2, a return air shaft 3, a return air main roadway 4, and a return air connecting shaft 5. The return air connecting shaft 5 is equipped with a return air connecting shaft gate 6. Underground, horizontally arranged floor rock development roadways are used, with alternating double-wing mining. This divides the coal seam at a single mining level within the minefield into several inclined mining faces along the coal seam strike direction. Specifically, these include connecting the main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2, return air shaft 3, return air main roadway 4, transport roadway 7, track roadway 8, and a bottom yard 9. Return air roadways 10 and material transport roadways are located on both sides of the mining faces. Well 15 and pedestrian-only roadway 16 are provided. The return air roadway 10 is equipped with a No. 1 return air gate 11, the material transport roadway 15 is equipped with a transport gate 12, and the pedestrian-only roadway 16 is equipped with a pedestrian gate 14. A connecting roadway 18 is arranged between the material transport roadway 15 and the pedestrian-only roadway 16. Coal chute 17 is arranged in the semi-coal and rock area of ​​the coal seam roof. The bottom of the coal chute 17 is connected to the main transport roadway 7 through the transport gate 12. The stone gate is excavated to the coal face in the development roadway, including the working face cut-out 20, the No. 2 return air gate 19, and the No. 3 return air gate 21.

[0034] Coal mining face layout: Mining is carried out along the dip direction of the coal seam. A return air roadway 10, a material transport roadway 15, and a pedestrian roadway 16 are arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam. Coal chutes 17 are arranged in the coal mining face, with one chute approximately every 100 meters. The coal chutes 17 are evenly distributed in the middle of the coal mining face, with a suitable spacing of 50-100 meters. Supports are installed within the coal chutes 17 to prevent collapse. The material transport roadway 15 and the return air roadway 10 also serve as safety exits. Several connecting roadways 18 are arranged between the material transport roadway 15 and the pedestrian roadway 16.

[0035] Coal mining technology: Fully mechanized coal mining technology, coal mining equipment cuts coal and transports the coal to the coal chute 17.

[0036] Equipment Layout: Based on the characteristics of vertical shaft coal deposits, a coal mining system consisting of a 35-ton coal mining machine and a 36-ton shuttle car is used. This is a fully mechanized mining process, with grouting and backfilling of the goaf roof after collapse. The coal face is formed by parallel hydraulic supports, which can be existing, well-known technologies. The coal mining equipment within the face consists of a 35-ton coal mining machine and a 36-ton shuttle car, with two or more sets of equipment. The width of the coal face is greater than the width of the coal mining equipment. According to design requirements, the coal face is divided into cutting zones, with the cutting volume of each zone matched to the carrying capacity of the 36-ton shuttle car. This provides a safe and high-productivity mechanized mining method for vertical shaft coal mines with coal thicknesses less than 20m, especially those with a thickness range of 4-10m.

[0037] The above-mentioned fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: Example 2: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 2 to 5 As shown in Figure 8, the hydraulic support includes a telescopic triangular support structure. On both sides of the lower part of the triangular support structure, there are support legs that can telescopically support the working surface. On both sides of the support legs, there are wedge structures that can be telescopically extended.

[0038] The triangular support structure includes a long top beam 22, a short top beam 23, a hinge shaft 24, and a telescopic crossbeam. The telescopic crossbeam includes a drawer-type connected left crossbeam 26 and a right crossbeam 27. Two telescopic jacks 25 are arranged side by side between the left crossbeam 26 and the right crossbeam 27. When the piston rod of the telescopic jack 25 extends or retracts, it can adjust the distance between the lower part of the long top beam 22 and the lower part of the short top beam 23. The left end of the left crossbeam 26 is connected to the lower part of the long top beam 22, the right end of the right crossbeam is connected to the lower part of the short top beam 23, and the upper part of the long top beam 22 and the upper part of the short top beam 23 are all connected by the hinge shaft 24.

[0039] The support leg includes two telescopic legs. At least one telescopic leg is movably connected from front to back to the lower part of the long top beam 22 and the lower part of the short top beam 23. A support leg swing jack 34 is provided between the telescopic leg and the left crossbeam 26 and the right crossbeam 27. The support leg swing jack 34 can adjust the tilt angle of the telescopic leg.

[0040] The telescopic outrigger includes an upper outrigger 28, a lower outrigger 29, and an outrigger telescopic jack 30. The upper part of the upper outrigger 28 is movably connected to the lower part of the long top beam 22 and the lower part of the short top beam 23. The telescopic outrigger jack 30 is provided between the upper outrigger 28 and the lower outrigger 29.

[0041] The wedge structure includes an anchoring telescopic jack 31, an outer cylinder 32, and a cone head 33. The upper support leg 28 has a mounting through hole on its side. The outer cylinder 32 is fixedly installed in the mounting through hole on its outer side. The anchoring telescopic jack 31 is installed inside the outer cylinder 32. The piston rod end of the anchoring telescopic jack 31 is fitted with a connecting sleeve that is fitted inside the outer cylinder 32. The cone head 33 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting sleeve.

[0042] Triangular support structures and support legs can also be assembled as shown in the attached figure. Figure 8 As shown in the structure, the support legs on both sides of the hydraulic support have telescopic function, and adjacent supports can support each other. When the coal mining equipment has finished cutting the coal at the bottom of the hydraulic support, the support leg telescopic jack 30 will extend the lower support leg 29 in time, and the lower support leg 29 will be pressurized and supported on the new working face coal seam.

[0043] Example 3: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 2 , 4 As shown, in step S2, the triangular support structure extends to support the collapsed gangue in the goaf, and the wedge structure extends and is embedded in the top plate 37 and bottom plate 38 for fixation, and the top plate is managed by the complete collapse method.

[0044] The piston rods of the crossbeam telescopic jack 25 and the outrigger telescopic jack 30 extend to fix the triangular support structure between the roof plate 37 and the bottom plate 38 of the vertical coal trough. The piston rod of the wedge structure anchor telescopic jack 31 extends to pressurize and insert the cone head 33 into the roof plate 37 and the bottom plate 38 of the vertical coal trough, which can support the collapsed gangue in the goaf. The roof is managed by the total collapse method, which has the advantages of simple mining process, high recovery rate, small coal loss and good economic benefits.

[0045] Example 4: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 2 to 5 As shown in 10 and 11, in step S4, after the coal mining equipment cuts the coal by the width of one hydraulic support, the support legs of the hydraulic support extend and support the coal layer on the new coal mining face after cutting. After cutting one layer of coal, the triangular support structure and the wedge structure are retracted in sequence from one direction. Finally, the support legs retract, thereby enabling the hydraulic support to move downward.

[0046] Once the upper goaf has stabilized, the hydraulic supports will retract their wedge structure in stages, and then slowly descend after the support legs have retracted. During the descent of the hydraulic supports, the gaps caused by misalignment between adjacent hydraulic supports must be strictly controlled to prevent rock from the goaf from falling into the working face; otherwise, operations should be stopped and the situation addressed immediately.

[0047] After one layer of coal is cut, i.e., after the coal cutting equipment has mined the coal seam below the hydraulic support to the set depth, starting from one side of the working face, the piston rods of the anchoring telescopic jacks 31 are retracted to their initial positions in sequence, the piston rods of the crossbeam telescopic jacks 25 and 30 are retracted, the vertical coal seam is lowered to the set position using the hydraulic support, the 34 outrigger swing jacks extend and pressurize, the 25 crossbeam telescopic jacks extend and pressurize, the anchoring telescopic jacks 31 extend to both sides and pressurize, and the side guard plates on both sides of the hydraulic support extend outward to close the gap between the supports; the above steps are repeated until the vertical coal seam of the entire working face is lowered to the set position using the hydraulic support.

[0048] Example 5: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 6 to 11 As shown, in step S4, the coal mining equipment includes a coal mining machine 35 and a shuttle car 36. When the coal mining machine 35 starts mining, it uses a drum to press down on the bottom coal seam to achieve downward oblique cutting to the designed circulation height. After the cutting is completed, it cuts the coal horizontally along the direction of the coal seam. The coal mining machine 35 is a unidirectional coal mining machine. The raw coal cut by the coal mining machine 35 is transported to the shuttle car 36. The shuttle car 36 transports the coal to the coal chute 17 and then releases it.

[0049] The coal mining equipment is based on existing, publicly known technology, and its structure is as follows: Figure 6 , 7As shown in Figures 9 to 11, the coal mining machine 35 includes a body, a tracked walking device below the body, a scraper conveyor and a vertically swinging cutting arm at the front of the lower part of the body, a drum for cutting coal seams on the cutting arm, and a vertically swinging drum cantilever, as shown in Figures 9 to 11. Figure 6 As shown, the shuttle car 36 is used to store and transport the raw coal mined by the coal mining machine 35, and transports the raw coal to the coal bunker through the coal chute 17.

[0050] The coal mining equipment cuts at an angle into the bottom coal seam and then advances horizontally to cut the coal seam within that depth range, continuously cycling through the process to achieve face mining.

[0051] The coal cutting and coal cutting process of the coal mining machine 35 is as follows: Determine the starting point: Based on the equipment configuration of the coal mining face, determine the starting point for coal cutting for each group of coal mining equipment.

[0052] Cutting entry: The cutting arm is lowered to the bottom coal seam, the cutting drum cuts obliquely into the bottom of the coal seam, and the coal mining machine 35 cuts obliquely into the coal body from the starting point forward and downward.

[0053] Coal cutting operation: After the oblique cut into the coal reaches the predetermined depth, the cutting arm is raised and advanced horizontally forward to cut the coal. The coal seam in front of the coal mining machine is cut off by raising and lowering the cutting arm.

[0054] The coal loading and transportation process of shuttle car 36 is as follows: Coal loading operation: The loading mechanism of coal mining machine 35 loads the cut coal into the middle conveyor, and the conveyor transfers the coal to the shuttle car 36 hopper at the rear of coal mining machine 35.

[0055] Coal transportation: The shuttle car 36 travels back and forth between the coal mining machine 35 and the coal chute 17 to transport the coal to the coal chute 17 for unloading.

[0056] Example 6: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 1 , 7 As shown, the coal mining face is divided into multiple sections, and coal mining equipment is configured in each section; each section is divided into multiple mining areas, and the amount of raw coal mined in each mining area does not exceed the capacity limit of the shuttle car 36.

[0057] Each section is arranged around a coal chute 17, and each section has a coal chute 17. For example... Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, when two sets of coal mining equipment are selected, the mining process of coal mining machine 35 is as follows: During the production of the coal mining face, the two sets of coal mining machines 35 are located in the middle of the coal mining face. Coal mining machine 35 No. 1 (the coal mining machine on the left in the figure) cuts the bottom coal seam and advances horizontally to the left of the figure. When the coal is full in shuttle car 36 No. 1 (the shuttle car on the left in the figure), shuttle car 36 transports the coal to coal chute 17 No. 2 (the coal chute on the right in the figure). During this period, coal mining machine 35 adjusts its coal cutting position. When shuttle car 36 finishes unloading coal and connects with coal mining machine 35 after it has been adjusted, coal mining machine 35 No. 1 begins to operate. Machine 35 continues to advance horizontally to the left; when the No. 1 coal mining machine 35 advances past the No. 1 coal chute 17, the No. 1 shuttle car 36 then unloads the coal into the No. 1 coal chute 17 (the coal chute on the left in the figure); at this time, the No. 2 coal mining machine 35 (the coal mining machine on the right in the figure) enters the leveling position after the No. 1 coal mining machine 35 has advanced, and begins to advance to the right of the figure; after the No. 2 shuttle car 36 (the shuttle car on the right in the figure) is full, it transports the coal to the No. 1 coal chute 17 (the coal chute on the left in the figure), and after the No. 2 coal mining machine 35 pushes past the No. 2 coal chute 17, the No. 2 shuttle car 36 transports the coal to the No. 2 coal chute 17 and unloads it.

[0058] like Figure 11 As shown, when there are 3 sets of coal mining equipment, the coal mining process is as follows: two adjacent sets adopt the above mining method, and the third set of equipment is in the No. 3 coal chute 17 ( Figure 11 At the rightmost coal chute, the cutter is pressed down at an angle and advanced towards the adjacent roadway. Shuttle car 36 ( Figure 11 When the shuttle car on the far right is full of coal, it is lowered and transported to coal chute 17 for unloading; coal mining machine 35 ( Figure 11 The rightmost coal mining machine adjusts its coal cutting position during this period. When the No. 3 shuttle car 36 finishes unloading coal and connects with the No. 3 coal mining machine 35 which has been adjusted to the correct position, the No. 3 coal mining machine 35 continues to advance.

[0059] When there are more than 3 sets of coal mining equipment on the coal mining face, the coal mining process is derived by combining the coal mining processes when there are 2 and 3 sets of coal mining equipment.

[0060] Example 7: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 2 , 10 As shown in Figure 11, during the downward mining process, the goaf above the hydraulic support is replenished as it is mined.

[0061] Longwall face succession plan: Since goaf backfilling takes time, two fully mechanized coal mining faces can be arranged to ensure continuous coal production from the mine. When the goaf of one coal mining face is backfilling, ensure that another coal mining face is in operation. Mining can only continue after the goaf backfilling of the coal mining face has stabilized.

[0062] Example 8: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 2 ,8 As shown in steps S4, during the downward mining process, the hydraulic support moves downwards for 15-30 meters, and the roof of the coal face is cut once. Then, the goaf and caving zone above the hydraulic support are grouted and filled.

[0063] Both the long top beam 22 and the short top beam 23 of the hydraulic support are equipped with grouting ports on their upper sides. Each grouting port has an openable / closable cover plate. The grouting port 22 on the upper side of the long top beam 22 is located below the grouting port on the upper side of the short top beam 23. The openable / closable cover plate is a known technology, such as a valve, cover plate, or grouting sealing device. It is opened during grouting and closed when not grouting. By connecting the grouting port to the grouting pipeline and then opening the openable / closable cover plate, grouting and filling can be performed on the goaf and caving zone above the triangular support structure.

[0064] After the hydraulic support moves 15 to 30 meters along with the vertical coal mining face, grouting is then performed on the goaf above the hydraulic support. During the grouting process, the areas prone to leakage, such as the gaps between the hydraulic support and the top and bottom plates of the coal seam and the gaps between the supports, are first sealed. Then, the baffles of the return air roadway 10 and the material transport roadway 15 are used to form a retaining wall. Next, the area above the hydraulic support is sealed, and finally, cementing material is injected into the goaf to be filled.

[0065] When the grouting height above the hydraulic support reaches 50m to 100m, top and bottom cutting operations are carried out above the coal mining face to sever the ground stress connection and form a damaged zone and a fissure zone on both sides of the goaf. Then, cementing material is filled into the damaged zone and fissure zone formed by the top and bottom cutting operations to enhance the adhesion between the filling zone and the roof 37 and floor 38 of the vertical coal seam, forming a 6 to 10 meter rock pillar 39. In this way, a self-stabilizing wall support structure can be formed at the cut of the roof 37 and floor 38.

[0066] The optimal fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal seams described in this application comprises the following steps: In vertical coal seams, a downward mining face is arranged along the dipping direction of the coal seam, and mining equipment is used to mine downwards along the dipping direction of the coal seam. The roof is managed by the complete caving method, and the goaf above the hydraulic support is managed by the method of mining and filling as it is mined. Every time the hydraulic support moves downwards by about 15-30 meters, the roof of the mining face is cut once, and then the goaf and caving zone above the hydraulic support are grouted and filled.

[0067] A working face cutout 20 is horizontally arranged along the coal seam direction. Hydraulic supports are installed in the working face cutout 20 to support the top goaf and protect personnel and equipment during safe operation. The hydraulic supports include a retractable triangular support structure, with extendable support legs on the underside of the triangular support structure. Retractable wedge structures are located on both sides of the support legs. In use, the triangular support structure unfolds to support the collapsed gangue in the goaf, and the wedge structures extend and embed into the top and bottom plates to fix the hydraulic supports. After the coal mining equipment cuts one hydraulic support width, the support legs extend and support the new coal seam in the newly mined working face. After one layer is cut, the triangular support structure and wedge structures are sequentially retracted from one direction, and finally the support legs retract, thereby allowing the hydraulic supports to move downwards. Specifically, as follows... Figure 8 As shown.

[0068] Two coal chutes 17 are arranged in the coal seam along the dip of the vertical channel coal seam. Two or more sets of coal mining equipment are allocated to the coal mining face. These equipment are used to mine the coal face, and raw coal is chuted into the coal bunker through the coal chute 17. The coal mining equipment includes a coal mining machine 35 and a shuttle car 36, specifically as follows... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the coal mining machine 35 is equipped with a vertically swinging drum cantilever. At the start of mining operations, the drum presses down on the bottom coal seam to achieve a downward, oblique cutting advance. After the advance is complete, it cuts coal horizontally along the strike direction. The coal mining machine 35 is a unidirectional cutter. The raw coal cut by the coal mining machine 35 is transported by its own loading equipment to the shuttle car 36 attached at the rear. The shuttle car 36 loads the coal and transports it to the coal chute 17 for chuting. The coal chute 17 divides the working face into multiple sections, each section arranged around the coal chute 17. Coal mining equipment is configured in each section of the working face. Each section is further subdivided into multiple mining areas. The amount of raw coal mined in each mining area does not exceed the capacity limit of the shuttle car 36, as detailed below. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown.

[0069] The above technical features constitute various embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A fully mechanized coal mining process for vertical coal face, characterized in that, The steps include the following: S1. A coal mining face that is downwardly mined is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam in a vertical coal seam. S2. Horizontally arrange working face cuts along the vertical coal seam, and install hydraulic supports in the working face cuts to support the top goaf and protect personnel and coal mining equipment for safe operation. S3. Arrange coal chutes in the coal seam along the dipping direction of the vertical coal chute, with a minimum of 2 coal chutes; S4. Two or more sets of coal mining equipment are allocated to the coal mining face. The coal mining equipment is used to mine the coal mining face from below and the raw coal is mined by chute.

2. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 1, characterized in that... The hydraulic support includes a telescopic triangular support structure. On both sides of the lower part of the triangular support structure, there are support legs that can telescopically support the working surface. On both sides of the support legs, there are wedge structures that can be telescopically extended.

3. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the triangular support structure extends to support the collapsed gangue in the goaf, and the wedge structure extends and embeds itself into the top and bottom plates for fixation, using the total collapse method to manage the top plate.

4. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, after the coal mining equipment cuts the coal for the width of one hydraulic support, the support legs of the hydraulic support extend and support the coal layer on the new coal mining face after cutting. After cutting one layer of coal, the triangular support structure and the wedge structure are retracted in sequence from one direction. Finally, the support legs retract, thereby enabling the hydraulic support to move downward.

5. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the coal mining equipment includes a coal mining machine and a shuttle car. When the coal mining machine starts mining, it uses a drum to press down on the bottom coal seam to achieve downward oblique cutting to the designed circulation height. After the cutting is completed, it cuts the coal horizontally along the direction of the coal seam. The coal mining machine is a unidirectional coal mining machine. The raw coal cut by the coal mining machine is transported to the shuttle car, and the shuttle car transports the coal to the coal chute and then releases it.

6. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the coal mining face is divided into multiple sections, and coal mining equipment is configured in each section; each section is divided into multiple mining areas, and the amount of raw coal mined in each mining area does not exceed the capacity limit of the shuttle car.

7. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6, characterized in that, In step S4, during the downward mining process, the goaf above the hydraulic support is replenished as it is mined.

8. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, during the downward mining process, the goaf above the hydraulic support is replenished as it is mined.

9. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, during the downward mining process, the hydraulic support moves downward 15-30 meters, and the roof of the coal face is cut once. Then, the goaf and caving zone above the hydraulic support are grouted and filled.

10. The fully mechanized coal mining technology for vertical coal face according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, during the downward mining process, the hydraulic support moves downward 15-30 meters, and the roof of the coal face is cut once. Then, the goaf and caving zone above the hydraulic support are grouted and filled.

Images