Coal and gangue separation, crushing, transportation and backfill integrated underground transportation system

Abstract

The application discloses a coal and gangue separating, crushing, transporting and backfilling integrated underground transportation system and belongs to the technical field of coal mining. The system comprises a transfer machine provided with an upper scraper chain, a lower scraper chain, a belt transportation device and a plurality of particle size crushing devices; the transfer machine is provided with a gangue separating device and a secondary separating and crushing device, which are used for separating a mixture of coal and gangue into coal and gangue and finally conveying the coal and the gangue to the belt transportation device and the lower scraper chain respectively; a gangue backfilling device is arranged at the tail of the transfer machine and is used for backfilling the gangue on the lower scraper chain and fault rock transported to the tail of the transfer machine by the transfer machine in reverse to a goaf. The application directly separates, transports and backfills the coal and the gangue underground, solves the problems of invalid gangue transportation, lifting and large environmental protection pressure of ground disposal in the prior art, simplifies a processing flow, reduces mining cost and realizes green mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground coal mining technology, and in particular to an integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the existing underground transportation system, the mixture of coal and gangue dropped by the coal mining machine is transported to the surface sequentially via a scraper conveyor, transfer conveyor, crusher, and belt conveyor. After arriving at the surface, the material needs to undergo a washing and beneficiation process to separate the coal from the gangue. The coal is sold as a product, while the separated gangue needs to be disposed of separately.

[0003] The following technical problems exist in the aforementioned traditional processes: First, the gangue and coal are lifted to the surface together, resulting in an ineffective load on the transportation equipment and wasted energy, increasing wear and tear on the equipment and shortening its service life. At the same time, the surface lifting of gangue also occupies the mine's lifting capacity, resulting in the mine's effective production capacity not being fully released and the cost of mining per ton of coal being high.

[0004] Secondly, the surface disposal of gangue faces significant environmental pressures. With increasingly stringent environmental policies, the methods of surface stockpiling or landfilling of gangue are restricted, requiring companies to invest substantial funds in comprehensive gangue management, thus increasing operating costs.

[0005] Third, for the backfilling of goaf areas, existing technologies typically involve lifting gangue and coal to the surface together, then separating, crushing, and slurrying them before using a pumping system to transport the gangue slurry back underground for goaf filling. This process is complex, involving multiple transfers and lifting operations, requiring significant equipment investment and operating costs, and has low backfilling efficiency, making it difficult to meet the production needs of high-yield and high-efficiency mines.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology lacks an integrated transportation system that can directly separate coal and gangue underground and use the separated gangue for backfilling of mined-out areas nearby. This results in a long gangue processing flow, high costs, and significant environmental pressure, which restricts the economic benefits and sustainable development of mines. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated underground transportation system for coal and gangue separation, crushing, transfer, and backfilling. This system reduces gangue processing costs and alleviates environmental pressure on enterprises. It reduces inefficient transportation, improves efficiency, simplifies coal washing processes, and increases clean coal recovery rates. It solves the problems of gangue separation and goaf filling in working faces, achieving the goals of reducing manpower and increasing efficiency, promoting intelligent mine production, reducing environmental pollution from gangue emissions on the surface, and providing favorable support for the future sustainable development of mines.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides an integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue, applied to coal mining faces. It includes a transfer machine equipped with an upper scraper chain, a lower scraper chain, a belt conveyor, and several particle size crushing devices. The key feature is that the transfer machine has a gangue separation device and a secondary separation and crushing unit between the upper and lower scraper chains. The bridge plate above the gangue separation device, used to support the upper scraper chain, is an S-shaped bridge plate, with material drop sections formed on both sides of the S-shaped bridge plate. The machine has a discharge port to facilitate the coal and gangue on the upper scraper chain to fall into the gangue separation equipment. The gangue separation equipment will separate the coal and the coal-gangue mixture and transport them to the belt conveyor and the secondary separation and crushing device, respectively. The secondary separation and crushing device will further separate and crush the coal-gangue mixture and transport the resulting coal and gangue to the belt conveyor and the lower scraper chain, respectively. The tail end of the transfer machine is also equipped with a gangue backfilling device, which is used to backfill the gangue transported by the lower scraper chain into the goaf.

[0009] Preferably, the gangue separation equipment includes a housing fixed on a transfer machine. The upper end of the housing is provided with several sets of rollers, and each roller is equipped with a power motor at its end. The rollers transport a portion of the screened gangue to one side outlet of the housing so that it falls into a secondary separation and crushing device. The bottom of the housing is provided with a discharge port corresponding to the belt conveyor. The screened coal falls into the belt conveyor through the discharge port.

[0010] Preferably, the gangue backfilling equipment is a throwing mechanism used to throw gangue into the goaf of the coal mining face.

[0011] Preferably, the transfer machine is equipped with a sealing plate for blocking the material discharge port below the upper scraper chain and a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the sealing plate to extend outward or retract inward. When it is not necessary to separate gangue, the hydraulic cylinder controls the sealing plate to extend towards the material discharge port to block it, preventing coal and gangue from falling into the gangue separation equipment. This allows the material to be directly transported to the belt conveyor via the upper scraper chain, while also achieving the goal of quickly restoring production during the maintenance of the gangue separation equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size crushing equipment is located before the gangue separation equipment and includes a first particle size crushing equipment and a second particle size crushing equipment. The first particle size crushing equipment and the second particle size crushing equipment adopt a stepped crushing combination, and the discharge capacity of the crushed material is matched with the particle size specifications required by the gangue separation equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the secondary separation and crushing device includes a scraper conveyor fixed on the transfer machine and several sets of hammer devices; the gangue separation device transports the separated coal gangue mixture to the scraper conveyor, and the hammer devices directly physically crush the coal gangue mixture on the scraper conveyor. The crushed coal falls to the belt conveyor through the pre-set porous material outlet of the scraper conveyor; the gangue separated on the scraper conveyor is transported to the lower scraper chain of the transfer machine and finally transported to the tail of the transfer machine.

[0014] Preferably, the secondary separation and crushing device further includes several sets of coal identification systems. The coal identification systems are used to identify coal in the coal gangue mixture and feed the obtained data back to the controller of the hammering device. The hammering device selectively crushes the coal gangue mixture according to the command issued by the controller.

[0015] Preferably, the secondary separation and crushing device further includes a coal cleaning device, which is located at the unloading end of the scraper conveyor and is used to perform secondary cleaning of the coal attached to the lower scraper chain, preventing it from continuing to be transported to the tail section of the transfer machine along with the lower scraper chain. The coal cleaning device uses scrapers.

[0016] Preferably, in the underground fully mechanized mining face, when crossing a fault and the material is all gangue, the gangue is transported to a transfer conveyor via a scraper conveyor. The transfer conveyor reverses, and the gangue is transported to the tail of the conveyor via the upper scraper chain. At the same time, a gangue backfilling device is used to throw the gangue into the goaf. In addition, gangue separation equipment can be selectively embedded between the upper and lower scraper chains at the head or tail of the scraper conveyor as needed to separate, transport, and backfill coal and gangue.

[0017] Beneficial effects: 1. Reduce transportation costs and increase mine production capacity. By directly separating gangue underground, the ineffective transportation and hoisting of gangue and coal are avoided, reducing the ineffective load and energy consumption of transportation equipment, reducing equipment wear and tear, and extending equipment service life. At the same time, the effective hoisting capacity of the mine is released, allowing the mine's production capacity to be fully released and reducing the cost per ton of coal mining.

[0018] 2. Simplify the processing flow and improve economic efficiency. After the gangue is separated underground, it does not need to enter the surface washing system, which simplifies the coal washing process, reduces the processing capacity of the washing equipment, and improves the clean coal recovery rate. At the same time, it eliminates complex processes such as surface gangue slurry preparation, pumping and backfilling, which significantly reduces the gangue processing cost and significantly improves the input-output ratio.

[0019] 3. Solving environmental problems and achieving green mining. The gangue is directly backfilled into the goaf underground, avoiding the environmental pollution problems caused by gangue accumulation or landfill on the ground, eliminating the environmental risks and pressures of gangue emissions, and meeting the policy requirements of national green mine construction and sustainable development.

[0020] 4. Optimize backfilling process and improve backfilling efficiency. A scraper chain under the transfer conveyor is used to transport gangue, and a throwing mechanism is installed at the tail of the conveyor to directly throw the gangue into the goaf. This achieves short-distance transportation and on-site backfilling of gangue, breaking through the complex mode of traditional ground slurry pumping backfilling, simplifying the backfilling process, and improving backfilling efficiency and adaptability.

[0021] 5. Promote intelligent production and achieve reduced manpower and increased efficiency. This integrated transportation system combines multiple processes into one, reducing intermediate links and the number of equipment, lowering the need for manual intervention, providing equipment support for intelligent production in mines, and helping to achieve the goal of reducing manpower and increasing efficiency.

[0022] 6. In underground fully mechanized mining faces where faults are encountered and all materials are gangue, the gangue is transported to a transfer conveyor via a scraper conveyor. The transfer conveyor then reverses, using its upper scraper chain to transport the gangue to the tail end of the conveyor. Simultaneously, a gangue backfilling device throws the gangue into the goaf, avoiding ineffective transportation and hoisting of gangue to the surface, reducing equipment wear, and extending equipment service life. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a location diagram of the second particle size crushing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A location diagram of the first particle size crushing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an external view of the gangue separation equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the roller arrangement provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an S-shaped bridge plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall assembly of an integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder and sealing plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a scraper conveyor mounted on a bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing a hammering device but without a coal identification system.

[0024] The components include: 1. Gangue separation equipment; 1-1. Shell; 1-2. Discharge port; 1-3. Drum; 2. Upper scraper chain; 3. Transfer conveyor; 4. Discharge port; 5. Lower scraper chain; 6. Belt conveyor equipment; 7. Coal guide plate; 8. Second-size crushing equipment; 9. Gangue backfilling equipment; 10. First-size crushing equipment; 12. Scraper conveyor equipment; 13. Coal identification system; 14. Hammering device; 15. Coal cleaning device. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] See Figures 1-8 This invention provides an integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue, applied to a coal mining face. It includes a transfer machine 3 equipped with an upper scraper chain 2, a lower scraper chain 5, a belt conveyor 6, and several particle size crushing devices. The transfer machine 3 has a gangue separation device 1 and a secondary separation and crushing device between the upper scraper chain 2 and the lower scraper chain 5. The bridge plate above the gangue separation device 1, used to support the upper scraper chain 2, is an S-shaped bridge plate. The S-shaped bridge plate has discharge ports 4 on both sides, facilitating the falling of coal and gangue from the upper scraper chain 2 into the gangue separation device 1. The gangue separation device 1 transports the screened coal and coal-gangue mixture to the belt conveyor 6 and the secondary separation and crushing device, respectively. The secondary separation and crushing device further separates and crushes the coal-gangue mixture, then transports the resulting coal and gangue to the belt conveyor 6 and the lower scraper chain 5, respectively. In this embodiment, the secondary separation and crushing device further separates and crushes the separated coal and a small amount of gangue, thereby further improving the gangue separation rate; the tail end of the transfer machine 3 is also equipped with a gangue backfilling device 9, which is used to backfill the gangue transported by the lower scraper chain 5 into the goaf.

[0027] The gangue separation device 1 includes a housing 1-1 fixed on a transfer conveyor 3. The upper end of the housing 1-1 is equipped with several sets of rollers 1-3, each with a power motor at its end. The rollers 1-3 transport a portion of the screened coal and gangue mixture to one side outlet of the housing 1-1, allowing it to fall onto the scraper conveyor 12 of the secondary separation and crushing device. A guide plate 7 is connected to this outlet, ensuring the coal falls smoothly onto the scraper conveyor 12. The bottom of the housing 1-1 has a discharge port connected to a belt conveyor 6, through which the screened coal falls into the belt conveyor 6. Furthermore, the gangue separation device 1 is not limited to the aforementioned fixed structure; any classification equipment that meets this function can be used.

[0028] The secondary separation and crushing device includes a scraper conveyor 12 fixed on the transfer conveyor 3 and several sets of hammer devices 14; the gangue separation device 1 transports the separated coal gangue mixture to the scraper conveyor 12, and the hammer devices 14 directly physically crush the coal gangue mixture on the scraper conveyor 12. The crushed coal falls to the belt conveyor 6 through the pre-set porous material outlet of the scraper conveyor 12; the gangue separated on the scraper conveyor 12 is transported to the lower scraper chain 5 of the transfer conveyor and is finally transported to the tail of the transfer conveyor.

[0029] The gangue backfilling equipment 9 is a throwing mechanism used to throw gangue into the goaf of the coal mining face, thus achieving gangue backfilling and solving the problem of transporting gangue to the goaf.

[0030] In addition, see Figure 9 In another embodiment, the gangue backfilling equipment 9 may not be set up. Instead, the gangue is transported to the scraper conveyor attached to the support frame by a specially set up scraper conveyor for fixed-point backfilling and compaction.

[0031] The transfer machine 3 is equipped with a sealing plate for blocking the material discharge port 4 below the upper scraper chain 2, and a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the sealing plate to extend outward or retract inward. When it is not necessary to separate gangue, the hydraulic cylinder controls the sealing plate to extend towards the material discharge port 4 to block it, preventing coal and gangue from falling into the gangue separation equipment 1. This allows the material to be directly transported to the belt conveyor 6 via the upper scraper chain 2, while also achieving the goal of quickly restoring production when the gangue separation equipment 1 is under maintenance.

[0032] The particle size crushing equipment is located before the gangue separation equipment 1 and includes a first particle size crushing equipment 10 and a second particle size crushing equipment 8. The first particle size crushing equipment and the second particle size crushing equipment adopt a stepped crushing combination, and the discharge force of the crushed material is matched with the particle size specifications required by the gangue separation equipment 1.

[0033] In another embodiment, the secondary separation and crushing device further includes several sets of coal identification systems 13 (see Figure 10 The coal identification system 13 is used to identify coal in the coal gangue mixture and feeds back the obtained data to the controller of the hammering device 14. The hammering device 14 selectively crushes the coal gangue mixture according to the command issued by the controller.

[0034] In another embodiment, the secondary separation and crushing device further includes a coal cleaning device 15, which is installed at the unloading end of the scraper conveyor 12. The coal cleaning device 15 is used to perform secondary cleaning of the coal attached to the lower scraper chain 5, preventing it from continuing to be transported to the tail section of the transfer machine along with the lower scraper chain 5. The coal cleaning device 15 is made of scraper blades.

[0035] Furthermore, in underground fully mechanized mining faces crossing faults where the material consists entirely of gangue, the gangue is transported to a transfer conveyor via a scraper conveyor. The transfer conveyor then reverses, using its upper scraper chain 2 to transport the gangue to the tail end. Simultaneously, a gangue backfilling device 9 throws the gangue into the goaf. Additionally, a gangue separation device 1 can be selectively embedded between the upper and lower scraper chains at the head or tail of the scraper conveyor, as needed, to separate, transport, and backfill coal and gangue.

[0036] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue, applied to a coal mining face, comprising a transfer machine (3) equipped with an upper scraper chain (2), a lower scraper chain (5), a belt conveyor (6), and several particle size crushing devices; characterized in that, The transfer machine (3) is equipped with a gangue separation device (1) and a secondary separation and crushing device between the upper scraper chain (2) and the lower scraper chain (5). The bridge plate above the gangue separation device (1) for supporting the upper scraper chain (2) is an S-shaped bridge plate. The two sides of the S-shaped bridge plate have drop ports (4) to facilitate the coal and gangue on the upper scraper chain (2) to fall into the gangue separation device (1) through the drop ports (4). The gangue separation device (1) transports the screened coal and coal gangue mixture to the belt conveyor (6) and the secondary separation and crushing device respectively. The secondary separation and crushing device further separates and crushes the coal gangue mixture and then transports the obtained coal and gangue to the belt conveyor (6) and the lower scraper chain (5) respectively. The tail of the transfer machine (3) is also equipped with a gangue backfilling device (9) for backfilling the gangue transported by the lower scraper chain (5) into the goaf.

2. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gangue separation device (1) includes a housing (1-1) fixed on a transfer machine (3). The upper end of the housing (1-1) is provided with several sets of rollers (1-3), and each roller (1-3) is equipped with a power motor at its end. The rollers (1-3) transport part of the screened gangue to one side outlet of the housing (1-1) so that it falls into the secondary separation and crushing device. The bottom of the housing (1-1) is provided with a discharge port (1-2) connected to the belt conveyor (6). The screened coal falls into the belt conveyor (6) through the discharge port (1-2).

3. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gangue backfilling equipment (9) is a throwing mechanism used to throw gangue into the goaf of the coal mining face.

4. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transfer machine (3) is equipped with a sealing plate for blocking the material discharge port (4) below the upper scraper chain (2) and a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the sealing plate to extend outward or retract inward. When it is not necessary to separate gangue, the hydraulic cylinder controls the sealing plate to extend towards the material discharge port (4) to block it, preventing coal and gangue from falling into the gangue separation equipment (1), so that the material can be directly transported to the belt conveyor equipment (6) through the upper scraper chain (2), and at the same time, it can achieve the purpose of quickly restoring production when the gangue separation equipment (1) is under maintenance.

5. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size crushing equipment is located before the gangue separation equipment (1) and includes a first particle size crushing equipment (10) and a second particle size crushing equipment (8). The first particle size crushing equipment (10) and the second particle size crushing equipment (8) adopt a stepped crushing combination, and the crushing material discharge force is matched with the particle size specifications required by the gangue separation equipment (1).

6. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary separation and crushing device includes a scraper conveyor (12) fixed on the transfer machine (3) and several sets of hammer devices (14); the gangue separation device (1) transports the separated coal gangue mixture to the scraper conveyor (12), and the hammer devices (14) directly physically crush the coal gangue mixture on the scraper conveyor (12). The crushed coal falls to the belt conveyor (6) through the pre-set porous material outlet of the scraper conveyor (12); the gangue separated on the scraper conveyor (12) is transported to the lower scraper chain (5) of the transfer machine and finally transported to the tail of the transfer machine.

7. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 6, characterized in that, The secondary separation and crushing device also includes several sets of coal identification systems (13). The coal identification system (13) is used to identify the coal in the coal gangue mixture and feed the obtained data back to the controller of the hammering device (14). The hammering device (14) selectively crushes the coal gangue mixture according to the command issued by the controller.

8. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The secondary separation and crushing device also includes a coal cleaning device (15), which is set at the unloading end of the scraper conveyor (12) and is used to clean the coal attached to the lower scraper chain (5) for the second time, so as to prevent it from continuing to be transported to the tail of the transfer machine along with the lower scraper chain (5).

9. The integrated underground transportation system for separating, crushing, transferring, and backfilling coal and gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the underground fully mechanized mining face, when passing through a fault and the material is gangue, the gangue is transported to the transfer conveyor by a scraper conveyor. The transfer conveyor reverses and transports the gangue to the tail of the machine through the upper scraper chain (2). At the same time, the gangue backfilling equipment (9) throws the gangue into the goaf. In addition, gangue separation equipment (1) is selectively embedded between the upper and lower scraper chains at the head or tail of the scraper conveyor as needed to separate, transport and backfill coal and gangue.

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