A cooling system and method for upper leakage stop ring of pumped storage unit based on evaporation heat absorption

Abstract

The application relates to a cooling system and method for the upper leakage-stopping ring of a pumped storage unit based on the evaporation heat absorption mode, and belongs to the technical field of hydropower stations. The application comprises a split stacked upper leakage-stopping ring, a temperature sensor, a pipeline, an external circulating cooling system and a control system. The split stacked upper leakage-stopping ring is internally arranged with an evaporation pipeline. A circulating cooling component is communicated with the evaporation pipeline through the pipeline, forming a closed refrigerant circulating loop. The control system is signal-connected with the temperature sensor arranged on the split stacked upper leakage-stopping ring and a variable-frequency compressor in the external circulating cooling system, and is used for controlling the operation of the variable-frequency compressor according to the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor. Through the construction of an efficient refrigeration circulating system, the application realizes the accurate cooling of the upper leakage-stopping ring, avoids the contact between the cooling water and the runner, improves the operation stability of the unit, and reduces the system cost and energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a cooling system and method for a leak-proof ring on a pumped storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption, belonging to the field of hydropower station technology. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of pumped storage units, the upper sealing ring, as a key sealing and flow guiding component, directly affects the unit's operational stability and service life due to its operating temperature. A small clearance exists between the upper sealing ring and the impeller; heat transfer and friction under different operating conditions cause temperature variations, with phase-shifting operation being particularly critical—under this condition, the impeller rotates at high speed in the air environment, and the friction between the sealing ring, the impeller, and the air generates continuous heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will trigger a series of problems.

[0003] Excessive temperature can cause the physical properties of the upper sealing ring material to deteriorate, such as reduced strength and thermal expansion deformation, which in turn damages the sealing gap, increases water leakage, and reduces the unit's operating efficiency. Long-term high temperature can also accelerate fatigue damage to the sealing ring, shorten its service life, and in severe cases may cause the sealing ring to crack or jam, leading to unit shutdown for maintenance and causing huge economic losses.

[0004] Traditionally, cooling of the sealing ring relies heavily on direct cooling with cooling water, achieved by spraying cooling water around the ring or allowing it to flow through its internal channels. However, this method has significant drawbacks: First, the cooling water easily comes into contact with the impeller surface, forming a water ring during rotation, disrupting the impeller's rotational balance and causing increased vibration and noise, especially during phase-shifting operation, potentially leading to decreased dynamic stability and threatening operational safety. Second, relying on a large amount of cooling water significantly increases the design load on auxiliary systems such as the volute exhaust pipe and cooling water supply pipe, requiring larger-sized pipes and equipment, increasing system complexity and raising manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs. Third, traditional cooling methods have slow response times and low temperature control accuracy, making it difficult to dynamically adjust the cooling intensity based on real-time temperature changes of the upper sealing ring, thus failing to meet the cooling requirements during different operating conditions.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a cooling system and method for the leak-proof ring on a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of achieving precise cooling of the upper leak-proof ring by constructing a high-efficiency refrigeration cycle system, while avoiding contact between cooling water and the impeller, thereby improving unit operational stability and reducing system costs and energy consumption. It overcomes the shortcomings of existing pumped-storage hydroelectric turbine upper leak-proof ring cooling methods, such as easy contact between cooling water and the impeller, high system costs, and low temperature control accuracy. This invention constructs a refrigeration cycle through a split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring, an external circulation system, and a cooling system, achieving efficient and precise cooling of the upper leak-proof ring, improving unit operational stability, and reducing system costs and energy consumption. A brief overview of the invention is provided below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive summary of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or essential parts of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0008] Option 1: A cooling system for a pumped-storage unit with an upper leak-proof ring based on evaporative heat absorption, comprising a split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring, a temperature sensor, pipes, an external circulating cooling system, and a control system. The split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring has an evaporator pipe inside, and the circulating cooling component is connected to the evaporator pipe through pipes to form a closed refrigerant circulation loop. The control system is connected to the temperature sensor mounted on the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring and to the variable-frequency compressor in the external circulating cooling system, and is used to control the operation of the variable-frequency compressor based on the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring includes an upper leak-proof ring base, an upper leak-proof ring connecting plate, outer comb teeth and inner comb teeth, a sealing strip and a connector. The upper leak-proof ring base and the upper leak-proof ring connecting plate are stacked. The inner and outer comb teeth are respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the bottom of the upper leak-proof ring connecting plate, and are sealed by a sealing strip provided in the sealing groove. The stacked upper leak-proof ring base, upper leak-proof ring connecting plate, outer comb teeth and inner comb teeth are fixedly connected by the connector. The evaporation pipe is embedded in the upper leak-proof ring base, upper leak-proof ring connecting plate, outer comb teeth and inner comb teeth.

[0010] Preferably, a temperature sensor is installed on the upper leak-proof ring base.

[0011] Preferably, the external circulating cooling system includes a one-way valve, a dryer filter, the variable frequency compressor, a condenser, a pressure control valve, and a throttling element connected in sequence by pipes.

[0012] Preferably, the refrigerant circulation loop is filled with environmentally friendly refrigerant, and the condenser cools the environmentally friendly refrigerant.

[0013] Preferably, the throttling element and the outlet pipe of the evaporation pipeline are formed by winding and welding to create a regenerative circulation device.

[0014] Preferably, the control system receives the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor and automatically controls the start / stop or adjusts the operating power of the variable frequency compressor by analyzing the signal to control the temperature of the outer and inner comb teeth in real time.

[0015] Option 2: A method for cooling the leak-proof ring of a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption, the method being implemented using the leak-proof ring cooling system of the pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption described in Option 1, and including the following steps:

[0016] Step S1: Real-time temperature acquisition;

[0017] The temperature sensor installed on the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring collects the temperature data of the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring in real time, and converts the temperature data into an electrical signal and transmits it to the control system.

[0018] Step S2: Start the refrigeration cycle;

[0019] Start the variable frequency compressor to allow the environmentally friendly refrigerant to circulate in the refrigerant circulation loop;

[0020] Step S3: Evaporation, heat absorption, and cooling;

[0021] The low-temperature, low-pressure, environmentally friendly refrigerant liquid flowing through the evaporator pipe absorbs the heat of the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring and vaporizes, thus achieving cooling;

[0022] Step S4: Condensation and heat dissipation;

[0023] The environmentally friendly refrigerant, which flows out in gaseous form from the evaporator pipe, is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated vapor by the variable frequency compressor. It then enters the condenser to dissipate heat and condense into liquid. The condenser exhausts the hot air to the outside of the machine pit through a forced cooling device.

[0024] Step S5: Intelligent closed-loop control;

[0025] The control system receives and analyzes the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor, and automatically controls the start / stop of the variable frequency compressor or adjusts its operating power based on the analysis results, so that the temperature of the split stacked upper leak-proof ring is maintained within a preset range.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This invention fundamentally eliminates the contact between cooling water and the rotor, completely eradicating the unit's operational stability issues caused by water rings. In traditional cooling methods, cooling water easily forms water rings with the rotor, disrupting rotational balance and causing vibration and noise. However, this invention uses refrigerant evaporation to absorb heat for cooling, eliminating the need for cooling water to directly contact the leak-proof ring and rotor, thus preventing water ring formation at the source. This improves the reliability and stability of the unit under conditions such as phase adjustment and standby.

[0028] 2. This invention eliminates the need for large amounts of cooling water for heat dissipation, significantly reducing the design load on auxiliary systems. The elimination of large volumes of cooling water allows for smaller piping specifications and less material usage in auxiliary systems such as the volute exhaust pipe and cooling water supply pipe, simplifying the system structure and reducing equipment manufacturing and procurement costs. Simultaneously, it reduces installation workload and lowers maintenance difficulty and costs.

[0029] 3. The external circulating cooling system of this invention offers rapid response and high control precision. The closed-loop control system, composed of a variable frequency compressor and a temperature sensing element, achieves temperature control accuracy far exceeding that of traditional cooling methods. Precise temperature control ensures that the upper leak-proof ring is always within its optimal operating range, preventing abnormal temperatures from affecting performance, reducing component replacement frequency, and lowering unit maintenance costs.

[0030] 4. This invention boasts high energy efficiency and low energy consumption. The combination of a finned condenser and forced air cooling enhances heat dissipation efficiency; the regenerative circulation device improves the system's coefficient of performance and reduces cooling loss. Compared to traditional cooling methods, it achieves lower energy consumption for the same cooling effect, meeting energy-saving requirements and saving significant energy costs for the long-term operation of the power plant.

[0031] 5. The split-type stacked upper leak-stop ring structure of this invention is reasonably designed and convenient to install and maintain. The split structure makes the installation and disassembly of the upper leak-stop ring more convenient. During maintenance, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire unit; only the split structure needs to be disassembled. This shortens maintenance time, reduces maintenance difficulty, and improves the reliability and availability of the unit.

[0032] 6. This invention has a wide range of applications and can meet the cooling needs of the unit under different operating conditions. Whether it is standby under water pump or turbine operating conditions, temperature control during phase-shifting operation, or enhanced cooling under extreme heat conditions, precise cooling can be achieved by adjusting the operating mode of the refrigeration system, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the unit under various operating conditions and providing a reliable guarantee for the efficient operation of pumped storage units. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a leak-proof ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring.

[0035] In the diagram: 1-Split stacked upper leak-proof ring, 2-Variable frequency compressor, 3-Condenser, 4-Pressure control valve, 5-Dryer filter, 6-Throttling element, 7-One-way valve, 8-Temperature sensor, 9-Pipeline, 10-Environmentally friendly refrigerant, 1-1-Upper leak-proof ring base, 1-2-Upper leak-proof ring connecting plate, 1-3-Outer comb teeth, 1-4-Inner comb teeth, 1-5-Sealing strip, 1-6-Connector, 1-7-Evaporator pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0037] The connections mentioned in this invention are divided into fixed connections and detachable connections. Fixed connections (i.e., non-detachable connections) include, but are not limited to, conventional fixed connection methods such as folded connections, riveted connections, adhesive connections, and welded connections. Detachable connections include, but are not limited to, conventional disassembly methods such as threaded connections, snap-fit ​​connections, pin connections, and hinged connections. When a specific connection method is not explicitly defined, it is assumed that at least one existing connection method can always be found to achieve the function, and those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs. For example, a welded connection can be chosen for fixed connections, and a hinged connection can be chosen for detachable connections.

[0038] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figures 1-2 This embodiment describes a cooling system for the upper leak-proof ring of a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption. This system fundamentally eliminates contact between the cooling water and the impeller, and achieves precise and active cooling of the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring 1 by constructing an efficient refrigeration cycle.

[0039] The core of the system consists of three parts: a split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring 1 and a temperature sensor 8, an external circulating cooling system, and a control system.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown, the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring 1 is a detachable modular structure, serving as the evaporative heat absorption terminal of the system. Its main body consists of an upper leak-proof ring base 1-1, an upper leak-proof ring connecting plate 1-2, outer comb teeth 1-3, and inner comb teeth 1-4 stacked together. A special rubber sealing strip 1-5 is installed in the pre-set sealing groove at the mating surface of the two components. This sealing strip 1-5 has good temperature resistance and elasticity, adapting to temperature fluctuations during unit operation and ensuring long-term sealing. The stacked base 1-1, connecting plate 1-2, outer comb teeth 1-3, and inner comb teeth 1-4 are fastened together by circumferentially distributed high-strength connectors 1-6 (such as bolts).

[0041] The core feature of this leak-proof ring lies in its specially arranged internal evaporation pipes 1-7. These evaporation pipes 1-7 are embedded in the metal matrix of the upper leak-proof ring base 1-1, the upper leak-proof ring connecting plate 1-2, the outer comb teeth 1-3, and the inner comb teeth 1-4 in an optimized flow channel form (such as a serpentine coil) to maximize the heat exchange area. The inlet and outlet of the evaporation pipes 1-7 are connected to the external pipe 9 via connectors that penetrate the leak-proof ring body.

[0042] To monitor the temperature in real time, a special mounting hole or mounting base is machined on the upper leak-proof ring base 1-1 for fixing the temperature sensor 8. The temperature sensor 8 is preferably a platinum resistance thermometer (PT100) or a thermocouple, and its probe is in close contact with the metal body of the leak-proof ring to ensure that the collected temperature data accurately reflects the actual working temperature of the comb tooth 1-2 area.

[0043] The external circulating cooling system is connected to the evaporator pipes 1-7 inside the split stacked upper leak-proof ring 1 through the pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant pipes 9, forming a complete closed refrigerant circulation loop.

[0044] Along the refrigerant flow direction, the circuit is connected in series with a one-way valve 7, a dryer filter 5, the variable frequency compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure control valve 4, and a throttling element 6.

[0045] The variable frequency compressor 2 serves as the power source of the system, providing power for the circulation of the environmentally friendly refrigerant 10. Its displacement can be steplessly adjusted according to the control signal.

[0046] The condenser 3 typically employs a finned tube heat exchanger and is equipped with a high-power axial fan as a forced cooling device to accelerate airflow and efficiently dissipate refrigerant heat into the environment. To maintain a stable environment within the unit pit, the hot air generated by the condenser 3 is directionally guided and discharged to the outside of the unit pit through a dedicated air duct.

[0047] The pressure control valve 4 is used to stabilize the high-pressure side pressure of the system and ensure operational safety.

[0048] The dryer filter 5 is filled with desiccant such as molecular sieve and is equipped with a filter screen to adsorb moisture that may be mixed in during the refrigerant circulation process and filter solid impurities to prevent system ice blockage or component wear.

[0049] The throttling element 6 is typically a thermostatic expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. Its function is to throttle and reduce the pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant liquid from the condenser 3, transforming it into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state to prepare for evaporation and heat absorption. As an efficiency optimization measure, the inlet pipe section of the throttling element 6 and the outlet pipe section (i.e., the low-pressure return gas pipe) of the evaporation pipes 1-7 are tightly fitted together by winding and welding to form a regenerative circulation device. This structure allows the low-temperature return gas flowing to the compressor to exchange heat with the room-temperature, high-pressure liquid flowing to the evaporator. On the one hand, it preheats the return gas, reducing compressor power consumption; on the other hand, it precools the liquid refrigerant, improving evaporation efficiency.

[0050] The one-way valve 7 is installed after the outlet of the evaporator pipe 1-7 to ensure that the refrigerant can only flow to the compressor in one direction, preventing the refrigerant or lubricating oil from migrating in the opposite direction when the machine is stopped.

[0051] The entire circulation loop is filled with an environmentally friendly refrigerant 10, such as R134a or R410A, and its circulation process follows the thermodynamic principles described in claim 5 and the method claim.

[0052] The control system is the brain of the system. It establishes bidirectional communication with the temperature sensor 8 and the variable frequency compressor 2 via signal cables.

[0053] Its working logic is as follows: It receives in real-time standard electrical signals (such as 4-20mA current signals) representing the temperatures of the outer comb teeth (1-3) and inner comb teeth (1-4) from temperature sensor 8. The control system internally presets temperature safety thresholds and ideal control ranges corresponding to the unit's operating conditions. By rapidly analyzing and comparing the collected temperature data, the control system automatically generates control commands to dynamically adjust the operating status of the variable frequency compressor 2—including start / stop and the operating frequency (power). For example, when a rapid temperature rise is detected, the compressor is immediately instructed to increase its frequency to increase cooling capacity; when the temperature stabilizes within the ideal range, the compressor is instructed to decrease its frequency or operate intermittently to save energy. This achieves intelligent closed-loop control of the entire cooling system, ensuring that the temperature of the upper leak-proof ring is always within a safe and reasonable range.

[0054] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figures 1-2This embodiment describes a cooling method for the sealing ring of a pumped-storage hydroelectric unit based on evaporative heat absorption. This method relies on the cooling system described in Specific Embodiment 1. The core of this method lies in achieving precise management of the sealing ring temperature through phase change heat transfer and intelligent feedback control. The process mainly includes the following steps:

[0055] Step S1: Real-time temperature acquisition and signal feedback;

[0056] After the system is started, the temperature sensor 8 installed on the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring 1 begins to work, continuously collecting temperature data of the upper leak-proof ring in real time, especially at the outer comb teeth (1-3) and inner comb teeth (1-4). This temperature data is converted into a standard electrical signal (such as voltage or current signal) that can be remotely identified by the conversion circuit inside the temperature sensor 8, and transmitted to the control system through a shielded signal line.

[0057] Step S2: Start the refrigeration cycle;

[0058] The control system sends a start command to the variable frequency compressor 2 according to a preset program or a received start command. The variable frequency compressor 2 starts running, providing flow power for the environmentally friendly refrigerant 10 in the circulation loop, driving it to circulate in the closed refrigerant circulation loop. The specific flow path of this loop is as follows: it flows out from the evaporator pipes 1-7, flows through the pipe 9 in sequence through the one-way valve 7 and the dryer filter 5, is drawn in and compressed by the variable frequency compressor 2, then enters the condenser 3, passes through the pressure control valve 4 and the throttling element 6, and finally returns to the evaporator pipes 1-7 through the pipe 9, completing one cycle.

[0059] Step S3: Evaporation, heat absorption, and cooling;

[0060] When the low-temperature, low-pressure, environmentally friendly refrigerant 10 liquid-gas two-phase mixture flows through the evaporator pipes 1-7 embedded inside the leak-proof ring, due to the very low boiling point of the refrigerant in this state, it will rapidly absorb the frictional heat or ambient heat conducted through the metal of the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring 1. After absorbing heat, the refrigerant completely vaporizes within the evaporator pipes 1-7, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor. This phase change heat absorption process is the main source of the cooling effect, directly reducing the temperature of the upper leak-proof ring body.

[0061] Step S4: Condensation and heat dissipation;

[0062] The low-temperature refrigerant vapor, which has absorbed heat and vaporized, flows out from evaporator pipes 1-7 and first passes through the regenerative circulation device via the return gas pipe, where it exchanges heat with the liquid refrigerant from the condenser to obtain preliminary preheating. Subsequently, it is drawn in and compressed by the variable frequency compressor 2, transforming into high-temperature, high-pressure superheated vapor. This high-temperature vapor then enters the condenser 3. In the condenser 3, its equipped forced cooling device (such as a fan) drives air to flow through the heat exchange fins, forcibly carrying away the heat carried by the refrigerant vapor. The cooled refrigerant vapor condenses into a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid. The heat released in this process is absorbed by the air, becoming hot air, and is discharged outside the unit pit through a dedicated pipeline connected to the condenser, avoiding impact on the internal environment of the unit.

[0063] Step S5: Intelligent closed-loop control;

[0064] Throughout the cooling process, the temperature data collected in step S1 is continuously fed back to the control system. The data processing unit inside the control system analyzes this data in real time and compares it with the preset temperature control target range, making logical judgments. Based on these judgments, the control system automatically generates control commands to dynamically control the start / stop of the variable frequency compressor 2 or adjust its operating power.

[0065] For example, if the temperature is higher than the target upper limit, the compressor operating frequency will be increased to enhance the cooling capacity.

[0066] If the temperature is within the ideal range, maintain the current frequency or adopt an intermittent operation mode.

[0067] If the temperature falls below the target lower limit, the frequency will be reduced or the compressor will be shut down. Through such a closed-loop control process of "monitoring-analysis-execution-feedback", the system can automatically and accurately maintain the temperature of the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring 1 within the preset optimal operating range, thereby ensuring the safe, stable and efficient operation of the unit.

[0068] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions are not contradictory, they can be permuted and combined. Those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities based on the mathematical knowledge of permutation and combination. Therefore, the present invention will not describe the technical solutions after permutation and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after permutation and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A leak-proof ring cooling system for a pumped-storage hydroelectric unit based on evaporative heat absorption, characterized in that: The system includes a split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring (1), a temperature sensor (8), a pipe (9), an external circulating cooling system, and a control system. The split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring (1) has an evaporator pipe (1-7) inside. The circulating cooling component is connected to the evaporator pipe (1-7) through the pipe (9) to form a closed refrigerant circulation loop. The control system is connected to the temperature sensor (8) set on the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring (1) and the variable frequency compressor (2) in the external circulating cooling system. It is used to control the operation of the variable frequency compressor (2) according to the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor (8).

2. The anti-leakage ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring (1) includes an upper leak-proof ring base (1-1), an upper leak-proof ring connecting plate (1-2), outer comb teeth (1-3) and inner comb teeth (1-4), a sealing strip (1-5), and a connector (1-6). The upper leak-proof ring base (1-1) and the upper leak-proof ring connecting plate (1-2) are stacked. The inner comb teeth (1-4) and outer comb teeth (1-3) are respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the bottom of the upper leak-proof ring connecting plate (1-2), and are sealed by the sealing strip (1-3) set in the sealing groove. The stacked upper leak-proof ring base (1-1), upper leak-proof ring connecting plate (1-2), outer comb teeth (1-3), and inner comb teeth (1-4) are fixedly connected by the connector (1-6). The evaporation pipe (1-7) is embedded in the upper leak-proof ring base (1-1), upper leak-proof ring connecting plate (1-2), outer comb teeth (1-3), and inner comb teeth (1-4).

3. The anti-leakage ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (8) is installed on the upper leak-proof ring base (1-1).

4. The anti-leakage ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The external circulating cooling system includes a one-way valve (7), a dryer filter (5), the variable frequency compressor (2), a condenser (3), a pressure control valve (4), and a throttling element (6) connected in sequence via a pipe (9).

5. A leak-proof ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The refrigerant circulation loop is filled with environmentally friendly refrigerant (10), and the condenser (3) cools down the environmentally friendly refrigerant (10).

6. The anti-leakage ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The throttling element (6) and the outlet pipe of the evaporation pipe (1-7) are formed by winding and welding to form a regenerative circulation device.

7. A leak-proof ring cooling system for a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The control system receives the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor (8) and automatically controls the start-up or shutdown of the variable frequency compressor (2) or adjusts the operating power to measure the temperature of the outer comb teeth (1-3) and inner comb teeth (1-4) in real time.

8. A method for cooling a leak-proof ring on a pumped-storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption, characterized in that, The method is based on the anti-leakage ring cooling system of the pumped storage unit based on evaporative heat absorption as described in claim 7, and includes the following steps: Step S1: Real-time temperature acquisition; The temperature data of the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring (1) is collected in real time by the temperature sensor (8) installed on the split-type stacked upper leak-proof ring (1), and the temperature data is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the control system. Step S2: Start the refrigeration cycle; Start the variable frequency compressor (2) to allow the environmentally friendly refrigerant (10) to circulate in the refrigerant circulation loop; Step S3: Evaporation, heat absorption, and cooling; The low-temperature, low-pressure environmentally friendly refrigerant (10) flowing through the evaporation pipe (1-7) absorbs the heat of the split stacked upper leak-proof ring (1) and vaporizes to achieve cooling; Step S4: Condensation and heat dissipation; The gaseous environmentally friendly refrigerant (10) flowing out from the evaporator pipe (1-7) is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated vapor by the variable frequency compressor (2), and then enters the condenser (3) to dissipate heat and condense into liquid. The condenser (3) exhausts the hot air to the outside of the machine pit through a forced heat dissipation device. Step S5: Intelligent closed-loop control; The control system receives and analyzes the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor (8), and automatically controls the start and stop of the variable frequency compressor (2) or adjusts its operating power according to the analysis results, so that the temperature of the split stacked upper leak-proof ring (1) is maintained within a preset range.

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